CN102183360A - Method and device for detecting polarization extinction ratio of optical polarizer - Google Patents

Method and device for detecting polarization extinction ratio of optical polarizer Download PDF

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CN102183360A
CN102183360A CN2011100522313A CN201110052231A CN102183360A CN 102183360 A CN102183360 A CN 102183360A CN 2011100522313 A CN2011100522313 A CN 2011100522313A CN 201110052231 A CN201110052231 A CN 201110052231A CN 102183360 A CN102183360 A CN 102183360A
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polarization
light
module
optical
extinction ratio
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CN102183360B (en
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张红霞
温国强
郑光金
陈信伟
贾大功
叶雯婷
刘铁根
张以谟
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Tianjin University
CETC 41 Institute
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Abstract

The invention provides a method and device for detecting a polarization extinction ratio of an optical polarizer. The detection method comprises the following steps of: making linear polarized light incident along a principal axis of an optical polarizer to be detected, and obtaining two light signals on two orthogonal optical axes at an outgoing end due to polarization crosstalk; interfering and carrying out photoelectric conversion and data acquisition on interfering light signals to obtain one group of discrete voltage signal values reflecting the interfering light intensity signals; and calculating coupling intensity h at each coupling spot based on a formula (1), and calculating an extinction ratio of the optical polarizer to be detected based on a formula (2). The device sequentially comprises a light source, an isolator module, a polarization module, the optical polarizer to be detected, a projection direction regulating module, an interferometer module, a data acquisition module and a central processor module. The invention has the advantage that the coupling intensity of the coupling spots is detected to induce the polarization extinction ratio, so that the measurement result is accurate. The invention is suitable for various optical polarizers, such as polarization maintaining fibers, polarization maintaining fiber couplers, polarizers and the like and has certain universality.

Description

The detection method and the pick-up unit of optical polarization device polarization extinction ratio
Technical field
The present invention relates to optical polarization device measurement method of parameters, belong to field of optical measuring technologies, relate in particular to a kind of proving installation and method of testing of protecting inclined to one side device polarization extinction ratio based on interferometric method optics.
Background technology
Extinction ratio is the important indicator that tolerance polarizer (as polarization maintaining optical fibre, polarization-maintaining fiber coupler, polarizer, prism, crystal) keeps the polarization state stability.When a branch of linearly polarized light during along a certain main shaft incident of polarizer, stress is arranged owing to polarizer is inner residual, or the inhomogeneous stress that causes of heat, and the imperfection of manufacturing process causes the incomplete ideal of optical polarization device geometric configuration, can make to belong to isotropic substance originally and birefringence occurs, show anisotropy.Therefore, on these aspects, with the optical axis direction of polarization principal axis quadrature on excited coupled modes, the luminous power ratio on two quadrature optical axises is exactly polarization extinction ratio.Suppose that optical polarization device main shaft is an X-axis, emergent light power is p Max, with another optical axis of main shaft quadrature be Y-axis, on emergent light power be p Min, then its polarization extinction ratio is Polarization extinction ratio is big more, illustrates that the quality of optical polarization device is good more, and machining precision is high more, and its polarization property is superior more.
Extinction ratio is to characterize Optical Device And to learn one of main physical parameters of system performance.As:
(1) ability of its transmission polarized light of the polarization extinction ratio direct representation of polarization maintaining optical fibre, extinction ratio is big more, and it keeps the ability of polarization state stability strong more.
(2) extinction ratio characterizes the performance of crystal prism, reflects its precision and manufacturing process water
(3) optical fibre gyro is an interferometric sensor, and its polarization characteristic affects the precision of this sensor.
(4) utilize polarization extinction ratio characteristic in the magneto-optic optical fiber Bragg raster, measure magnetic field.
(5) extinction ratio of optical transmitter directly has influence on the performance of equipment, the too big or too little operation that all is unfavorable for system of extinction ratio in SDH equipment.Therefore we are necessary the measuring method of polarization extinction ratio is studied.
Many scientific research institutions have proposed some kinds of methods the extinction ratio of polarizer have been measured.For example, application number is the utility model patent of " 200620008302.4 " (" delustring is the measurement of relevant parameter when "), the measurement mechanism of the polarization extinction ratio that this patent adopts is mainly by the polarizer, photodetector, signal amplification circuit, A/D change-over circuit, motor, cpu controller, formations such as display.Pass the polarizer from the light of optical polarization device to be measured outgoing, shine on the photodetector, photodetector is converted into voltage signal with light signal, amplifies through signal and the A/D conversion again, is entered into CPU.Simultaneously, CPU controls motor, and the driven by motor polarizer carries out arbitrarily angled rotation, when the polarizer rotates a circle, obtains the maximal value and the minimum value of light intensity signal.CPU relatively calculates corresponding signal intensity p by analyzing MaxAnd p Min, pass through formula
Figure BDA0000048807280000012
Calculate the polarization extinction ratio of optical polarization device to be measured.But this kind method needs the polarizer to rotate a circle and just can measure the result, and the needed time is longer.
Application number is the patent of invention of " 88107782.8 " (" method and apparatus of measuring optical fiber and optical system polarization extinction ratio "), and this patent adopts twocouese double light path detection method.Hardware configuration is mainly by light source, coupled system, and polarizing prism, two photodetectors and divider 5 parts constitute.Polarizing prism and two photodetectors are loaded in same the turning, and their relative position remains unchanged during rotation.The partial poolarized light of system under test (SUT) output resolves into two kinds of rectilinearly polarized lights with certain mark angle through polarizing prism, the rotatory polarization prism, monitor the light intensity of this two bundles straight line light simultaneously respectively by two photodetectors, by the ratio D of the extreme value of these two light intensity, calculate the polarization extinction ratio of system under test (SUT).Computing formula is η=ρ D.ρ is an instrument constant in the formula.If use hand computation, ρ=1 then, as if with other instruments for example divider etc. calculate, then use the system of k=1, measure during to instrument calibration.This kind method has increased the cost of system owing to adopt double light path.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention provides a kind of new detection method of polarizer extinction ratio, and a kind of implement device of measuring optics polarizer polarization extinction ratio based on interferometric method is provided simultaneously.
Detection method concrete steps based on interferometric method optical polarization device polarization extinction ratio provided by the invention are as follows:
1st, make of the main shaft incident of line polarisation along optical polarization device to be measured, then on each flaw point of this optical polarization device, with incident polarization major axis X axle, another of quadrature Y-axis, on excited coupled modes, then at exit end, obtain two light signals on the quadrature optical axis, again the light signal on two quadrature optical axises is carried out the projecting direction adjustment, beam splitting, interfere the reflection back, obtains the interference light intensity signal;
2nd, the interference light intensity signal that the 1st step was obtained carries out opto-electronic conversion and data acquisition, obtains one group of discrete reaction interference light intensity signal voltage signal value;
3rd, the every bit light intensity signal that the 2nd step was obtained carries out stiffness of coupling calculating, calculates the extinction ratio of polarizer at last with the stiffness of coupling value of every bit,
3.1st, establishing polarizer is p by the stiffness of coupling that polarization principal axis x is coupled to another main shaft y of main shaft x quadrature on each flaw point Yi, i=0,1,2,3 ... n, then total stiffness of coupling can be expressed as follows on optical polarization device exit end to be measured:
p y＝p 1+p 2+……p n
Wherein n is the number of Coupling point, and the size of n depends on the length of the manufacture level and the tested polarizer of polarizer;
3.2nd, the 3.1st stiffness of coupling h that goes on foot described each Coupling point place is expressed as by (1) formula:
h＝20logI y/I x＝10log(I y/I x) 2＝10logI y 2/I x 2＝10logp y/p x………………(1)
Wherein I is the amplitude of interference light signal;
3.3rd, can release the ratio p of two stiffness of couplings on the quadrature main shaft by (1) formula y/ p x=10 0.1h, just the ratio addition of the stiffness of coupling on two quadrature main shafts at each Coupling point place can be obtained the polarization extinction ratio of polarization maintaining optical fibre, show as (2),
η = 10 log ( p y / p x ) = 10 log ( p y 1 / p x + p y 2 / p x + . . . . . . + p yn / p x )
= 10 log ( 10 0.1 h 1 + 1 0 0.1 h 2 + . . . . . . + 10 0.1 h n ) . . . ( 2 )
Stiffness of coupling value substitution (2) formula of each point, just can obtain the extinction ratio of optical polarization device to be measured.
The present invention provides a kind of pick-up unit (as shown in Figure 1) based on interferometric method measurement optics polarizer extinction ratio simultaneously, and this device comprises (7 parts) in turn along the lightray propagation direction:
First is light source and isolator module.As shown in Figure 2, mainly constitute by light source and isolator.The emergent light of light source links to each other with isolator.Its effect is to prevent in the light path because the back harmful effect that light source is caused to transmission light that a variety of causes produces improves the luminous power that light source is coupled into the back light path simultaneously.
Second portion has been inclined to one side module.As shown in Figure 3, light source links to each other with the input that plays inclined to one side module with the output of isolation module, and the natural light that light source is sent becomes the line polarisation.
Third part, polarizer to be measured: will play of the main shaft incident of the line polarisation of inclined to one side module output along polarizer to be measured, stress is arranged owing to polarizer is inner residual, or the inhomogeneous stress that causes of heat, and the imperfection of manufacturing process causes the incomplete ideal of optical polarization device geometric configuration, make script belong to isotropic material and birefringence occurs, show anisotropy; So, on these flaw points, with the incident polarization main shaft be X-axis, can excite coupled modes on another of quadrature Y-axis, suppose along polarization principal axis to be that the luminous power of X-axis propagates light is p Max, along with another optical axis Y-axis of polarization principal axis quadrature on the luminous power of propagates light be p Min, then the extinction ratio of this polarizer is as shown in the formula expression:
η = 10 log p min p max ;
The 4th part is the projecting direction adjusting module.Generally constitute by wave plate and analyzing prism.This module is used for polarization master mould and coupled modes are projected to the light transmission shaft of analyzing prism.
The 5th part is an interferometer module.Use Michelson or Mach Zehnder interferometer all can.Be used for the light of analyzing prism outgoing is incided interferometer, at first incident light carried out beam splitting, the two-beam after the beam splitting compensates by optical path difference, interferes then, and interference light signal is input to data acquisition module.
The 6th part is a data acquisition module.Data acquisition module is by electrooptical device, and data collecting card constitutes.Electrooptical device is a voltage signal with the interference light intensity conversion of signals, voltage signal is input to carry out data acquisition in the data collecting card then, quantizes, and coding is realized the A/D conversion.Digital signal after will changing again is input to CPU module.
The 7th part is a CPU module.CPU module is mainly by computing machine, and relevant software programs constitutes.Software program is realized data processing and hardware controls and polarization extinction ratio calculating.
Advantage of the present invention and good effect:
The present invention can be to polarization maintaining optical fibre, polarization-maintaining fiber coupler, polarizer, and the polarization extinction ratio of multiple optical polarization device such as prism is measured, so certain versatility is arranged.
The present invention has taken into full account the effect of closing of many different Coupling points on the optical polarization device, by measuring the stiffness of coupling of Coupling point, and then derives the polarization extinction ratio of polarizer, has improved measuring accuracy, makes measurement result accurate, and is reliable.The apparatus structure of measurement polarizer extinction ratio provided by the invention is simple, builds easily.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a general structure block diagram of the present invention;
Wherein, 1 is light source and isolation module, and 2 has been inclined to one side module, and 3 is optical polarization device to be measured, and 4 is the projecting direction adjusting module, the 5th, and interferometer module, the 6th, data acquisition module, 7 CPU module
Fig. 2 is light source and isolation module;
Fig. 3 has been inclined to one side module
Fig. 4 is the projecting direction adjusting module
Fig. 5 data acquisition module
Fig. 6 CPU module
The best device for carrying out said system construction drawing of Fig. 7
Fig. 8 Michelson interferometer module
Fig. 9 polarization extinction ratio calculation flow chart.
Figure 10 tests the stiffness of coupling figure that surveys.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1:
As shown in Figure 7, the best implement device system construction drawing of testing for polarizer extinction ratio of the present invention.
One, light source and isolator module are made up of SLD light source (centre wavelength is 1310nm) and isolator;
Two, play the polarizer that inclined to one side module is a fiber type;
Three, optical polarization device to be measured is selected 3 meters long panda protecting polarized light fibers;
Four, the projecting direction adjusting module is made of rotatable half-wave plate and Glan prism;
Five, interferometer module is selected Michelson interferometer;
Six, data acquisition module adopts NI USB6251;
Seven, CPU module is made of computing machine and software program.Software adopts the LABVIEW language compilation, can realize that data processing and hardware controls and polarization extinction ratio calculate.
The concrete course of work and extinction ratio are calculated as follows:
The light that sends from light source and isolation module enters polarizer module, becomes the line polarisation, the line polarisation in a certain main shaft (be assumed to be X-axis and the be fast axle) incident optical of panda protecting polarized light fiber, this linearly polarized light in polarization maintaining optical fibre with HE 11 xPattern propagate forward.Because the imperfection of polarization maintaining optical fibre geometry and fibre core internal stress is inhomogeneous, make linearly polarized light in the process of propagating forward, with the direction of polarization master mould quadrature, promptly slow axis and be Y-axis has excited coupled modes on these flaw points
Figure BDA0000048807280000051
Since the existence of mode birefringence, polarization master mould HE 11 xWith the polarization coupled mould
Figure BDA0000048807280000052
Propagate forward with different speed.At the exit end of optical fiber, two kinds of mode producing optical path difference Δs.Enter into the projecting direction adjusting module then, the beam-expanding collimation lens become directional light to diverging light, by the rotation of central processing module control step motor, thereby drive the adjustment that the half-wave plate rotation realizes direction of polarized light; The direction of polarization master mould and polarization coupled mould is adjusted to the position of spending with Glan prism light transmission shaft angle 45.So polarization master mould and coupled modes just can the light transmission shaft that project to Glan prism of equal proportion on.Incide Michael from the light of polarization direction adjusting module outgoing and select interferometer, as shown in Figure 8.Light is through behind the beam splitter prism, two polarization modes are carried out the branch amplitude, be divided into two bundles uniformly, folded light beam is propagated to the direction of fixed pan catoptron, transmitted light beam is propagated to the direction of plane of scanning motion mirror, the two-beam line passes through beam splitter prism once more after mirror reflects, thereby drives plane of scanning motion mirror position change by CPU module control step motor, the compensation optical path difference.The reflected light of the transmitted light of fixed arm folded light beam and scan arm folded light beam will at infinity interfere.Interfering beam with converging to the back focus place of plus lens, enters data acquisition module by behind the plus lens.Photodetector in the data acquisition module, change interference light signal into voltage signal, be input to the analog input mouth of data collecting card (NIUSB6251), data collecting card carries out the A/D conversion with the analog voltage signal of gathering, being input to CPU module preserves, data collecting card links to each other with stepper motor driver as the Stepping Motor Control device simultaneously, sends the control signal of motor to driver.In the middle of CPU module, by the relative program of writing with LABVIEW, the data that collect are carried out filtering, stiffness of coupling calculates, and processing such as extinction ratio calculating can get the polarization extinction ratio of the polarization maintaining optical fibre of surveying.
If the luminous power that in the polarization maintaining optical fibre crosstalked to slow axis by fast axle in each Coupling point place is p Yi, then the luminous power on the optical fiber exit end slow axis can show to be p y=p Y1+ p Y2P Yn, can obtain the stiffness of coupling at each Coupling point place by testing tool, can calculate by following formula:
h＝20logI y/I x＝10log(I y/I x) 2＝10logI y2/I x2＝10logp y/p x
Wherein I is the amplitude of light signal.Can release p thus y/ p x=10 0.1h, the value addition at each Coupling point place just can be obtained the polarization extinction ratio of polarization maintaining optical fibre, be shown below:
PER = 10 log ( p y / p x ) = 10 log ( p y 1 / p x + p y 2 / p x + . . . . . . + p yn / p x )
= 10 log ( 10 0.1 h 1 + 10 0.1 h 2 + . . . . . . + 10 0.1 h n )
The data that experiment is gathered are shown as stiffness of coupling through calculating, as shown in figure 10.We measure 3 meters long polarization maintaining optical fibres, have gathered 19016 points altogether.Per 30 points are one group, extract the maximal value in every group of data point, are used to calculate polarization extinction ratio, i.e. n=633 in the following formula.The background noise of experimental system is-65dB, and when stiffness of coupling during greater than-55dB, and we do not think because the internal residual stresses of polarization maintaining optical fibre, or the inhomogeneous stress that causes of heat, and the polarization coupled that causes of the imperfection of manufacturing process.Be that we get the point that stiffness of coupling is positioned between (65～-55) and calculate polarization extinction ratio.The polarization extinction ratio of the 3 meters long inclined to one side wire jumper of guarantor that finally we surveyed is-36.4dB.

Claims (3)

1. detection method based on interferometric method optical polarization device polarization extinction ratio is characterized in that these method concrete steps are as follows:
1st, make of the main shaft incident of line polarisation along optical polarization device to be measured, then on each flaw point of this optical polarization device, with the incident polarization main shaft be X-axis, excited coupled modes on another of quadrature Y-axis, then at exit end, obtain two light signals on the quadrature optical axis, again the light signal on two quadrature optical axises is carried out projecting direction adjustment, beam splitting, interfere the reflection back, obtains the interference light intensity signal;
2nd, the interference light intensity signal that the 1st step was obtained carries out opto-electronic conversion and data acquisition, obtains one group of discrete reaction interference light intensity signal voltage signal value;
3rd, the every bit light intensity signal that the 2nd step was obtained carries out stiffness of coupling calculating, calculates the extinction ratio of polarizer at last with the stiffness of coupling value of every bit,
3.1st, establish polarizer on each flaw point by polarization principal axis x axle, the stiffness of coupling that is coupled to another main shaft y axle of main shaft x quadrature is p Yi, i=0,1,2,3 ... n, then total stiffness of coupling can be expressed as follows on optical polarization device exit end to be measured:
p y＝p 1+p 2+……p n
Wherein n is the number of Coupling point, and the size of n depends on the length of the manufacture level and the tested polarizer of polarizer;
3.2nd, the 3.1st stiffness of coupling h that goes on foot described each Coupling point place is expressed as by (1) formula:
h＝20logI y/I x＝10log(I y/I x) 2＝10logI y2I x2＝10logp y/p x………………(1)
Wherein I is the amplitude of interference light signal;
3.3rd, can release the ratio p of two stiffness of couplings on the quadrature main shaft by (1) formula y/ p x=10 0.1h, just the ratio addition of the stiffness of coupling on two quadrature main shafts at each Coupling point place can be obtained the polarization extinction ratio of polarization maintaining optical fibre, shown in (2) formula,
η = 10 log ( p y / p x ) = 10 log ( p y 1 / p x + p y 2 / p x + . . . . . . + p yn / p x )
= 10 log ( 10 0.1 h 1 + 1 0 0.1 h 2 + . . . . . . + 10 0.1 h n ) . . . ( 2 )
Stiffness of coupling value substitution (2) formula of each point, just can obtain the extinction ratio of optical polarization device to be measured.
2. measure the pick-up unit of optics polarizer extinction ratio based on interferometric method for one kind, it is characterized in that this device comprises in turn along the lightray propagation direction:
First, light source and isolator module: mainly constitute by light source and isolator; The emergent light of light source links to each other with isolator, and its effect is to prevent in the light path because the back harmful effect that light source is caused to transmission light that a variety of causes produces improves the luminous power that light source is coupled into the back light path simultaneously;
Second portion, an inclined to one side module: light source links to each other with the input that plays inclined to one side module with the output of isolation module, and the natural light that light source is sent becomes the line polarisation;
Third part, optical polarization device to be measured: will play of the main shaft incident of the line polarisation of inclined to one side module output along optical polarization device to be measured, stress is arranged owing to polarizer is inner residual, or the inhomogeneous stress that causes of heat, and the imperfection of manufacturing process causes the incomplete ideal of optical polarization device geometric configuration, make script belong to isotropic material and birefringence occurs, show anisotropy; So, on these flaw points, with the incident polarization main shaft be X-axis, can excite coupled modes on another of quadrature Y-axis, suppose along polarization principal axis to be that the luminous power of X-axis propagates light is p Max, along with another optical axis Y-axis of polarization principal axis quadrature on the luminous power of propagates light be p Min, then the extinction ratio of this polarizer is as shown in the formula expression:
η = 10 log p min p max ;
The 4th part, projecting direction adjusting module: generally constitute by wave plate and analyzing prism; Be used for polarization master mould and coupled modes are projected to the light transmission shaft of analyzing prism;
The 5th part, interferometer module; Be used for the light of analyzing prism outgoing is incided interferometer, at first incident light carried out beam splitting, the two-beam after the beam splitting compensates by optical path difference, interferes then, and interference light signal is input to data acquisition module;
The 6th part, data acquisition module: data acquisition module is made of electrooptical device and data collecting card; Electrooptical device is a voltage signal with the interference light intensity conversion of signals, voltage signal is input to carry out data acquisition in the data collecting card then, quantizes, and coding is realized the A/D conversion; Digital signal after will changing again is input to CPU module;
The 7th part, CPU module: CPU module mainly is made of computing machine and relevant software programs, is used to realize data processing and hardware controls, and polarization extinction ratio calculates.
3. device according to claim 2 is characterized in that described polarizer can be polarization maintaining optical fibre, polarization-maintaining fiber coupler, polarizer or prism.
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