CN102183277A - Laser heat pulse-based plant stem flow and transpiration water consumption detection device - Google Patents
Laser heat pulse-based plant stem flow and transpiration water consumption detection device Download PDFInfo
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- 230000005068 transpiration Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 title description 7
- 238000013481 data capture Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种基于激光热脉冲的植物茎流及蒸腾耗水检测装置。将待测植物的花盆进行密封后置于电子天平上，激光经光阑和两个透镜照射将光汇集到待测植物茎部的加热点上，一个红外测温仪设置在加热点上，另外一个设置在加热点上侧，USB数据采集卡分别与两个红外测温仪、大功率激光器和PC计算机连接。采用无接触式的激光热脉冲发生器和无接触式的红外测温装置，大大降低了对植物生理的影响，并且激光在时间和空间上具有更好的可控性，因此测得结果更能反应植物的生理特征；由于将激光通过透镜调节耦合到加热点上，使得安装和维护比光纤更为方便；采用电子天平实时显示植物的蒸腾耗水，对建立植物茎流流速与蒸腾耗水之间的数学模型更为方便。
The invention discloses a device for detecting plant stem flow and transpiration water consumption based on laser thermal pulses. Seal the flowerpot of the plant to be tested and place it on the electronic balance. The laser light is irradiated by the diaphragm and two lenses to collect the light on the heating point of the plant stem to be tested. An infrared thermometer is set on the heating point. The other one is set on the upper side of the heating point, and the USB data acquisition card is respectively connected with two infrared thermometers, a high-power laser and a PC computer. The use of non-contact laser thermal pulse generator and non-contact infrared temperature measurement device greatly reduces the impact on plant physiology, and the laser has better controllability in time and space, so the measured results are more accurate It reflects the physiological characteristics of plants; since the laser is adjusted and coupled to the heating point through the lens, installation and maintenance are more convenient than optical fibers; the electronic balance is used to display the transpiration water consumption of plants in real time, which is very important for establishing the relationship between plant stem flow rate and transpiration water consumption The mathematical model between is more convenient.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of plant stem flow and transpiration water consumption pick-up unit, especially relate to a kind of plant stem flow and transpiration water consumption pick-up unit based on laser heat pulse.
Background technology
The growth of plant be unable to do without water, and water circulates in plant-atmosphere-soil, has guaranteed the vital movement of plant on the one hand, has kept ecological balance and development, also is the result of vital movement on the other hand.
China is the very deficient large agricultural country of water resource, the agricultural water amount accounts for 70% of total water consumption, therefore under the prerequisite that guarantees stable and high agricultural yields, greatly develops the reasonable utilization that water-saving irrigation realizes water resource, becoming the abundance of water high yield into the water saving high yield, is a very urgent and important task.
For a long time, people are the index of the relative humidity of soil moisture content or atmosphere as the control crop irrigation, but it is an indirect index after all,, hysteresis more blunt to the lack of water of reflection crop, and precision is low.Therefore the scientific research personnel is seeking a kind of plant physiology always and is needing the direct indicator of water information as the reflection plant hydropenia, so that obtain comparison sensitivity, rapid and accurate information.The reliable water information that needs has been arranged, just can accomplish when plant needs water, in time, moderately irrigation, this is the basis of water-saving irrigation Control System Design.
Plant absorbs moisture from soil, transpiring moisture in atmosphere again simultaneously, and the moisture in the plant is lost to process in the atmosphere with gaseous state, is called transpiration.The moisture that common plant absorbs from soil has only only a few to be used for the substance in vivo metabolism---and account for 1.5～2%, the overwhelming majority is scattered and disappeared in the modes of transpiration.In order to realize water-saving irrigation, must relate to the mensuration of crop evapotranspiration, require in many cases to be decomposed into the total evapotranspiration of crop rising and evaporation two parts.Transpiration that it is generally acknowledged crop is that to finish the crop normal physiological processes necessary, and the inevitable echard loss of following in the farmland evaporation process rising process that is crop.Simple rising mensuration is the comparison difficulty, the method of existing practical measurement farmland water consumption, the volume of water input balancing method, the energy equilibrium ripple ratio is sent out, Weighing Lysimeter method and vortex correlation method all can only be measured the field evapotranspiration total amount, and it can't be decomposed into rising and evaporation two parts.
Because the rising of liquid stream is referred to as stemflow in the stem that the plant transpiration effect causes.The stemflow amount equals the product of stemflow speed and flora conduit area, and the area change of conduit is extremely slowly, in a period of time, can think a constant, therefore just can draw the transpiration rate of plant by the stemflow speed of measuring plant, thereby provide a kind of method of moisture measurement for plant-atmosphere-soil continuous system; Stemflow more is applicable to the physiology course that monitors crop as a kind of water physiological indexes than soil moisture, instructs the farmland precision irrigation.
Assay method to plant stem flow has many kinds such as gravimetric method and calorimetry at present.Calorimetry is a method of utilizing the heat source generator and the measurement detector stemflow that are installed in base of the plant.Calorimetry stemflow measuring technology can be divided into two big classifications according to measuring principle: hot wave velocity method and heat balance method of.
Hot wave velocity method (Heat Plus Velocity), its ultimate principle is: pass to the of short duration electric current that promptly dies to electrical heating elements, the fluctuation of generation thermal pulse, on hot spot or the laying temperature detecting element of downstream, the temperature variation curve at place, record stem stalk monitoring point, according to thermodynamic (al) diffusion model, derivation flow stream velocity and flow quantity.According to different detection methods and diffusion model, it is several to be divided into thermal pulse method, thermal diffusion method and thermal field distortion again.These class methods are in testing process, and thermal source and detecting element all need in the invaded plants stem.Its weak point is: 1) will punch so that put into thermal source and pick-up unit in the stem of plant; Changed the stemflow state of plant itself; 2) when installing, be easy to make well heater and probe well to aim at, thereby influence measurement result; 3) may cause xylem to lose activity in Jia Re the process, thus the result's that influence is surveyed accuracy.
Heat balance method of (Thermal Heat Balance), its principle of work is: pass to electrical heating elements and stablize lasting electric current, produce lasting heat input, the input heat can be taken away by the stem liquid that flows, also can look like the surrounding space radiation simultaneously, according to the model of thermal diffusion, calculate the heat of the heat taken away by stem liquid and space diffusion towards periphery, the heat of taking away according to stem liquid etc. can be extrapolated flow rate of liquid and flow in the stem stalk.The difficult point of these class methods is the foundation of model of thermal diffusion and accuracy of model thereof etc.
Thermal pulse plant stem flow measurement products all is an imported product at present, at home on the market mainly by the SF series stem flow sensor of Greenspan and Australian British Commonwealth science and industrial research tissue (CSIRO) joint research and development exploitation, the HRM thermal ratio method stemflow probe that Australian ICT Co. produces.Its characteristics:
First: the heat transfer type when all products all adopt contact, some are arranged or even heating and detecting element will be imbedded inside plants by the mode of punching with element, the normal physiological that this has obviously destroyed plant makes the data that collect can not reflect the normal physiological situation of plant.The second, the method for employing is by measuring the variation of check point thermal pulse thermal diffusion curve, calculate heat fluctuation speed, again heat fluctuation speed is carried out second degree trinomial expression or three trinomial recurrence and correction, could obtaining the stemflow flow velocity.The 3rd: existing product mainly is applicable to xylophytas such as fruit-bearing forest, measures the problem that there is burn stem stalk in herbaceous plant, is subjected to the restriction of resolution, and this problem can not add heat by minimizing and solve; In addition, imported product costs an arm and a leg.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of plant stem flow and transpiration water consumption pick-up unit based on laser heat pulse.
For achieving the above object, the technical solution used in the present invention is:
The present invention includes high power laser, two infrared thermometers, electronic balance, usb data capture card, PC computing machine, two lens and diaphragm; The flowerpot for the treatment of measuring plants sealed with sealing bag be placed on the electronic balance, the laser of high power laser is through diaphragm and two lens lightings, light is pooled on the hot spot of plant to be measured stem, high power laser, diaphragm and two lens are coaxial rack-mount, an infrared thermometer is arranged on the hot spot, the another one infrared thermometer is arranged on the hot spot upside, and the usb data capture card is connected with two infrared thermometers, high power laser and PC computing machine respectively.
The infrared light power of described high power laser is 5W, and wavelength is 808nm.
The beneficial effect that the present invention has is:
1, the present invention is because adopt touchless laser heat pulse generator and touchless infrared temperature measurement apparatus, greatly reduce influence to plant physiology, and laser has better controllability on time and space, therefore records the physiological characteristic that the result more can react plant; Owing to the adjusting of laser scioptics is coupled on the hot spot, makes installation and maintenance more more convenient than the mode of optical fiber; The employing electronic balance shows the transpiration water consumption of plant in real time, and is more convenient to the mathematical model of setting up between plant stem flow flow velocity and the transpiration water consumption.
2, the thermal pulse of carrying out the plant stem flow detection adopts type of heating such as high power laser substituted metal silk or optical fiber, and high power laser can instantaneously be emitted the energy beam of spatial spreading and quantity unanimity.The mode that adopts laser heat pulse has avoided the METAL HEATING PROCESS resistance wire to contact with plant and the interference problem that produces, and compares with the tinsel well heater, and the controllability of high power laser on time and space is better; Compare with optical fiber, these device scioptics directly gather light beam the heating position, have saved devices such as fiber coupler and optical fiber.
3, adopt the mode of infrared measurement of temperature to replace the thermistor of the contact of generally using or the mode of thermopair to the detection of temperature, realize contactless, no plug-type detected temperatures mode, under the situation that does not contact plant stem, can measure in real time, thereby avoid oppressing interference and the error that causes because of contact.
By the program of PC computing machine, can adjust frequency acquisition to electronic balance and data collecting card, the computing method of stemflow etc. are carried out the adjustment of system's correlation parameter.Thereby obtain more precise math model.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a structure principle chart of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is heating of the present invention and temperature detection part structural drawing.
Among the figure: 1, high power laser, 2, diaphragm, 3, first lens, 4, second lens, 5, treat measuring plants, 6, sealing bag, 7, flowerpot, 8, electronic balance, 9, support, 10, first infrared thermometer, 11, second infrared thermometer, 12, the usb data capture card, 13, the PC computing machine.
Embodiment
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with drawings and Examples.
As shown in Figure 1, the present invention includes high power laser 1, two infrared thermometers 10,11, electronic balance 8, usb data capture card 12, PC computing machine 13, two lens 3,4 and diaphragms 2; The flowerpot 7 usefulness sealing bags 6 for the treatment of measuring plants 5 are sealed be placed on the electronic balance 8, the laser of high power laser 1 is through diaphragm 2 and first lens 3 and 4 irradiations of second lens, light is pooled on the hot spot for the treatment of measuring plants 5 stems, high power laser 1, diaphragm 2 and first lens 3 and second lens, 4 coaxial being installed on the support 9, first infrared thermometer 10 is arranged on the hot spot, second infrared thermometer 11 is arranged on hot spot upside (1cm-2cm), and usb data capture card 12 is connected with two infrared thermometers, high power laser 1 and PC computing machine 13 respectively.
The laser heat pulse that adopts high power laser 1 to produce is realized contactless heating and detection mode as thermal source, two infrared thermometers 10,11 as temperature-detecting device; Seal by the flowerpot 7 that will treat measuring plants 5, avoided the water consumption that evapotranspires of soil, thereby soil is evapotranspired and plant transpiration water consumption to be measured distinguishes, obtain the transpiration water consumption for the treatment of measuring plants in the mode that electronic balance 8 is weighed.Electronic balance links to each other with PC computing machine 13 by com port, and two infrared thermometers 10,11 link to each other with PC computing machine 13 by usb data capture card 12 with high power laser 1.
Described high power laser is that to produce power with laser diode be 5W, wavelength is the infrared light of 808nm, carry out power adjustments by the void pitch of regulating diaphragm 2, thereby guaranteeing that an amount of heat is invested treats measuring plants, the laser that passes diaphragm is again through two lens 3,4 adjusting, light is pooled on the hot spot for the treatment of measuring plants, utilize the thermal effect of infrared light, the stem of measuring plants is treated in heating, thereby thermal pulse is coupled on the liquid stream in the stem, in order to improve the coupling effect of heat, will treats painted black on the hot spot of measuring plants, to strengthen the transmission effect of heat, with thermal pulse as the spike source.
Be used for 10,11, one temperature that are used for the detection laser hot spot of two infrared thermometers of detected temperatures, another one is used for the temperature of detection laser hot spot upside (stemflow downstream part).Write down the temperature variation curve in hot spot and somewhere, hot spot top, calculate the velocity of propagation of thermal pulse in the axis to be measured by two temperature variation curves.
As shown in Figure 2, the present invention's heating and pick-up unit for the treatment of the measuring plants side is made of laser heat pulse and infrared thermometer two parts.The adjusting of laser heat pulse part scioptics can treat on the measuring plants hot spot with coupling light to directly that it is in order to strengthen heat-transfer effect that the hot spot for the treatment of measuring plants 5 is coated black; Generation of Laser is subjected to the control of usb data capture card 12, laser generator get electric after, can produce light pulse, can regulate the heat that adds for the treatment of measuring plants stem by the void pitch of regulating diaphragm 7, treat measuring plants and carry out spot heating.After being heated, the liquid stream of hot spot just can pass to diffusion towards periphery, because the existence of transpiration mainly is upwards to transmit along the direction of stem in plant to be measured.When the liquid that carries this thermal pulse flow to be gone up diffusion, the infrared thermometer that is positioned at the hot spot upside just produced corresponding curve of output at 10,11 o'clock, and the curve of output of two infrared thermometers has reflected the velocity of propagation of thermal pulse in the axis to be measured.The velocity of propagation of thermal pulse has reflected the speed of water flow in the axis to be measured, and the product of moisture flow velocity and plant hot spot place area is exactly the theoretical value that can obtain transpiration water consumption.
The water yield that the theoretical value of resulting water consumption and actual electronic balance weigh up is carried out match, obtains correct scale-up factor K.
Treat the transpiration water consumption of measuring plants and the relation between the stemflow shown in formula, promptly transpiration water consumption is relevant with the speed of stemflow, goes out transpiration water consumption Q according to the derivation of equation
Transpiration water consumptionWith V
Thermal pulseBetween relational expression.Thereby reach the purpose of estimating plant transpiration water consumption to be measured by the thermal pulse velocity of propagation.
Q
Transpiration water consumption=K * V
Thermal pulse* S
K: scale-up factor
S: the cross-sectional area of hot spot place axis to be measured
Claims (2)
1. plant stem flow and transpiration water consumption pick-up unit based on a laser heat pulse is characterized in that: comprise high power laser, two infrared thermometers, electronic balance, usb data capture card, PC computing machine, two lens and diaphragm; The flowerpot for the treatment of measuring plants sealed with sealing bag be placed on the electronic balance, the laser of high power laser is through diaphragm and two lens lightings, light is pooled on the hot spot of plant to be measured stem, high power laser, diaphragm and two lens are coaxial rack-mount, an infrared thermometer is arranged on the hot spot, the another one infrared thermometer is arranged on the hot spot upside, and the usb data capture card is connected with two infrared thermometers, high power laser and PC computing machine respectively.
2. a kind of plant stem flow and transpiration water consumption pick-up unit according to claim 1 based on laser heat pulse, it is characterized in that: the infrared light power of described high power laser is 5W, wavelength is 808nm.
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102944492A (en) * | 2012-11-28 | 2013-02-27 | 浙江大学 | Method and device for detection of plant water absorption and water consumption on basis of communicating vessel way |
| CN110118795A (en) * | 2019-03-28 | 2019-08-13 | 西北农林科技大学 | A kind of complex ecosystem evapotranspires system for measuring quantity and its operating method |
| CN111008770A (en) * | 2019-11-26 | 2020-04-14 | 北京林业大学 | Intelligent irrigation method and device |
| CN112415043A (en) * | 2020-10-14 | 2021-02-26 | 南方科技大学 | Method and device for measuring multilayer composite material |
| CN113598020A (en) * | 2021-09-23 | 2021-11-05 | 北京禾流农业科技研究院有限公司 | Cotton irrigation method and system based on real-time stem flow measurement |
| CN116609375A (en) * | 2023-07-13 | 2023-08-18 | 江西省水利科学院(江西省大坝安全管理中心、江西省水资源管理中心) | Method for estimating material and water consumption of facility by using heat pulse distributed optical fiber |
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Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN102944492A (en) * | 2012-11-28 | 2013-02-27 | 浙江大学 | Method and device for detection of plant water absorption and water consumption on basis of communicating vessel way |
| CN110118795A (en) * | 2019-03-28 | 2019-08-13 | 西北农林科技大学 | A kind of complex ecosystem evapotranspires system for measuring quantity and its operating method |
| CN111008770A (en) * | 2019-11-26 | 2020-04-14 | 北京林业大学 | Intelligent irrigation method and device |
| CN111008770B (en) * | 2019-11-26 | 2023-10-03 | 北京林业大学 | Intelligent irrigation method and device |
| CN112415043A (en) * | 2020-10-14 | 2021-02-26 | 南方科技大学 | Method and device for measuring multilayer composite material |
| CN113598020A (en) * | 2021-09-23 | 2021-11-05 | 北京禾流农业科技研究院有限公司 | Cotton irrigation method and system based on real-time stem flow measurement |
| CN116609375A (en) * | 2023-07-13 | 2023-08-18 | 江西省水利科学院(江西省大坝安全管理中心、江西省水资源管理中心) | Method for estimating material and water consumption of facility by using heat pulse distributed optical fiber |
| CN116609375B (en) * | 2023-07-13 | 2023-09-22 | 江西省水利科学院(江西省大坝安全管理中心、江西省水资源管理中心) | Method for estimating material and water consumption of facility by using heat pulse distributed optical fiber |
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