CN102183177B - Integral cambered large-sized alumina bulletproof ceramic plate as well as mould and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents
Integral cambered large-sized alumina bulletproof ceramic plate as well as mould and manufacturing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
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Abstract
The invention relates to an integral cambered large-sized alumina bulletproof ceramic plate as well as a mould and a manufacturing method thereof. The manufacturing method comprises the following steps of: preparing gelling water-based ceramic slurry, casting the slurry into a special mould formed by modeling plates having equal radiuses in internal and external cambered surfaces, designed in the invention, demoulding after the gel is cured, obtaining a plurality of integral bulletproof ceramic plate gel bodies having equal radiuses in internal and external cambered surfaces, placing the bodies on gesso support plates having the same cambered shapes and drying, and then laying the bodies on refractory firing support plates having the same cambered shapes in an overlapped manner for sintering densification. By means of the invention, the overlapped laying and the shape-controlled sintering of a plurality of cambered ceramic plates are realized and a plurality of integral cambered bulletproof ceramic plates having equal radiuses in internal and external cambered surfaces and equal sizes can be acquired. The problem that the charging amount is low because each of the integral cambered bulletproof ceramic plates needs one refractory firing support plate having the same cambered shape when sintering is avoided; and the integral cambered large-sized alumina bulletproof ceramic plate has the advantages of saved energy and reduced consumption, uniform product appearance and good internal quality, and is suitable for the industrial batch production.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the ceramic field, relate in particular to a kind of integral curved large scale aluminium oxide bulletproof ceramic plate and mould and method for making.
Background technology
The human body flak jackets is the protective gear that individual soldier soldier, People's Armed Police, security personnel, arms supercargo use always, belongs to dual-use product.The core component of human body flak jackets is bulletproof flashboards, and the plate material has experienced hard metal plate, soft synthetic fibers plate, has now developed into the compound plate of third generation pottery/synthetic fibers, is the main developing direction of present flak jackets.
Compound plate backboard adopts aramid fiber or super high molecular weight high-strength high-modulus polyethylene fiber composite to make.Ballistic panel mainly contains aluminium oxide, carborundum, boron carbide and boron carbide/titanium boride/materials such as silicon carbide compound pottery.The shellproof backboard of bulletproof ceramic panel and macromolecule is combined by the transition adhesive linkage, and when pasting one deck crack arrest cloth on ceramic panel surface and preventing that pottery is broken to the injury of human body, just obtain third generation bulletproof composite plate.
In order to obtain to meet the arcuate shape of human chest, the present bulletproof flashboards of China is the blockage ceramic wafer of making 50mm * 50mm earlier, pastes the camber plate in preformed arc synthetic fibers backboard splicing again.Problems of the prior art one are to need the processing of precision mill is carried out on every fritter pottery four limits, and cost is significantly increased, the 2nd, and the seam crossing bulletproof effect is not good, has potential safety hazard.
At present, advanced country has adopted integral curved ceramic wafer to prepare the combined type bulletproof flashboards as France, the U.S., Russia, some enterprises of Germany and has included its organized equipment in the world, and whole bulletproof ceramic panel replaces fritter pottery splicing panel will become the trend of human body inserted plate for bullet-proof garment development from now on.
But, there is following difficult point in the production of integral curved bulletproof ceramic panel:
1. slip casting might make the base substrate of required form, but its production efficiency is low, and base substrate is inner can to produce density gradient, influences ceramic performance, and particularly its dimensional accuracy is difficult to guarantee;
2. the dry-press process method can not be avoided the reunion of powder and the generation of blank structure inhomogeneities, and because the bulletproof ceramic plate is the larger size panel that monoblock has radian, the lay of granulation powder is very difficult in the dry pressure formed process, causes the thickness of ceramic wafer and density unevenness even easily;
3. isostatic compaction is for high 300mm, wide 250mm, the large-sized arced ceramic plate of R400mm, need diameter up to the super large-scale isostatic pressing machine more than the 1000mm, the cylinder that molds diameter 800mm cuts again, equipment requires high, operating difficulties, and the base substrate cutting causes the corner damaged easily after the moulding, and production efficiency is low, is unsuitable for mass production;
In recent years, the aqueous slurries gel-casting technology of ceramic body has obtained research widely and has used, this technology is as a kind of wet therapy forming process, adopt metal or glass mold again, therefore the resulting product internal organizational structure is even, size accurate, any surface finish, is suitable for the preparation of bulk ceramics panel.
Application number ZL01104148.X, name is called " a kind of method and particular manufacturing craft for preparing unfired ceramic element sheet ", adopt the glass plate assembling die, annotate the aqueous gel flat board that coagulates desired thickness earlier by the filler strip of selecting suitable thickness, after the demoulding according to the shrinkage factor of prediction with corresponding template according to cutting into the blanket with suitable configuration size.Because the gel blanket of dehydration is not deformable elastomer, can be placed on the arc shape that is pressed into regulation between ventilative arc gypsum backing board and the top board and control the shape drying.When reaching certain degree of drying, resilience can not take place in arc gel slab after the typing substantially again, continues to place the air finish-drying, can obtain integral curved ceramic blank plate.
Arcuate shape behind the arced ceramic plate sintering is that the shape by fire resistant bearing board guarantees, namely to make the fire-resistant burning supporting plate that holds with regulation radian earlier, the blanket of finish-drying is placed on the load bearing board, base substrate shrinks softening in the sintering densification process, rely on deadweight to obtain the shape same with the fire resistant bearing board cambered surface, but can not put sintering by lamination for the identical blanket of section thickness.
Analyze as can be known, when ceramic wafer thickness is 10mm, when the extrados radius is 400mm, its intrados radius then is 390mm, arc radius becomes 380mm to extrados radius of a ceramic wafer with regard to becoming 390mm above it, the rest may be inferred, and the intrados radius becomes 370mm...... to the extrados radius of a top ceramic wafer with regard to becoming 380mm again, obviously can't guarantee the conforming requirement of arc shape of multi-layered ceramic plate.Only place a ceramic blank plate on every fire resistant bearing board during control shape sintering, though the integral curved bulletproof ceramic panel of a small amount of preparation is feasible in the laboratory, the shove charge ratio of ceramic wafer seldom causes power consumption very high, production efficiency is very low, obviously can not satisfy the industrialized mass production needs.
Summary of the invention
The application's goal of the invention, be continue to improve prior art, design, the base substrate that proposes the whole bulletproof ceramic plate of radius such as a kind of internal and external cambered surface annotated and congealed into type special combination mould and prepare the method for the integral curved bulletproof ceramic plates of radius such as internal and external cambered surface with this mould.
Realization once can obtain the lamination of the integral curved ceramic wafer of polylith and put control shape sintering, every all needs to be equipped with the fire resistant bearing board of an identical arc shape and causes the little problem of batch when having avoided the integral curved ceramic wafer sintering of equal thickness, reach energy-saving and cost-reducing, the purpose of enhancing productivity, and make the product design unanimity, inherent quality is good, is suitable for industrialized mass production.
The application implements by following technical solution:
A kind of integral curved large scale aluminium oxide bulletproof ceramic plate is characterized in that:
The radius of the internal and external cambered surface of described integral curved large scale aluminium oxide bulletproof ceramic plate equates;
Described aluminium oxide bulletproof ceramic plate internal and external cambered surface radius is 300～500mm;
The shape of described aluminium oxide bulletproof ceramic plate is coincide with human body chest, abdomen, back physiological curve.
The special combination mould of above-mentioned ceramic wafer is characterized in that:
1) described special combination mould, by the arc formwork 2 that polylith internal and external cambered surface radius equates, THICKNESS CONTROL filler strip 3 and fixedly the clamper 4 of the overlapping placement template of polylith form;
THICKNESS CONTROL filler strip 3 is set to two kinds, and that laterally uses is set to the arc filler strip 3-1 that the internal and external cambered surface radius equates; Vertical use be set to rectangle filler strip 3-2;
2) material of described special combination mould is stainless steel, aluminium alloy or copper alloy plate;
3) with above-mentioned sheet material machined, make arc formwork 2 and many arc filler strip 3-1 and many rectangle filler strip 3-2 that polylith internal and external cambered surface radius equates;
4) polylith arc formwork 2 vertical placement side by side, THICKNESS CONTROL filler strip 3 is placed between each arc formwork 2 at interval, clamp the periphery of the arc formwork 2 that polylith places side by side with clamper 4, connect airtight between arc formwork 2 and the THICKNESS CONTROL filler strip 3 and cooperate, the arc formwork that constitutes overall alignment is listed as; The each several part mating surface is bright and clean smooth, guarantees that slip is unlikely to spill with the bottom surface from the side; Adjacent two arc formworks 2 constitute the arc die cavity with corresponding THICKNESS CONTROL filler strip 3.
The method for making of above-mentioned ceramic wafer is characterized in that this method branch makes following steps:
1) assembling die, slip are prepared and cast
Assemble assembling die on request;
According to required composition proportion requirement, accurate weighing ceramic powder, deionized water and additive, but the water base ceramic slurry of preparation gelation;
The corresponding water base ceramic slurry of weighing and mould therefor capacity is poured in the special combination mould;
During pouring operation, with load weighted above-mentioned water base ceramic slurry, slowly be poured into from gap, arc die cavity top in each arc formwork chamber of arc formwork row, should guarantee that air can be discharged smoothly from gap between horizontal filler strip and the vertical filler strip in the die cavity; Water base ceramic slurry slowly rises until being full of die cavity;
2) gel solidification, the demoulding is also taken out whole bulletproof ceramic plate gel base substrate
Behind the gel solidification, open clamper 4, successively open arc formwork 2 and THICKNESS CONTROL filler strip 3, and take out the gel base substrate that solidifies; Acquisition has the equal whole bulletproof ceramic plate of the arc gel base substrate of internal and external cambered surface radius of regulation appearance and size;
3) drying
With the integral curved bulletproof ceramic plate gel base substrate of radiuses such as internal and external cambered surface, place to have control shape drying on the gypsum gripper shoe that identical arc shape and radius equate, but air dry, heat drying or microwave drying, till base substrate weight constant weight;
4) control shape sintering
The integral curved bulletproof ceramic plate of radiuses such as internal and external cambered surface gel base substrate with constant weight, the antiseized insulating powder 7 that surface-coated one deck high-purity schmigel slip constitutes, successively overlay then and have on the fire resistant bearing board 6 that identical arc shape and radius equate, sinter to burn off organic matter and densified;
Come out of the stove, remove the antiseized insulating powder 7 of layer of surface-coated, namely obtain polylith and have same size, the integral curved bulletproof ceramic plate 1 of radiuses such as internal and external cambered surface.
Advantage of the present invention is:
1. improve prior art, be convenient to industrial-scale production
The gel blanket that adopts above-mentioned special combination mould to make itself is exactly arcuate shape, therefore need not as prior art, and top board control shape drying, this has created condition for arc gel blanket with oven drying or microwave drying, can effectively improve rate of drying.And when sintering, when having avoided the integral curved bulletproof ceramic plate of equal thickness sintering, as prior art, every all needs to be equipped with the fire resistant bearing board of an identical arc shape and causes the little problem of batch, the polylith arc can be stacked together, because polylith ceramic wafer internal and external cambered surface radius is identical, it is every block-shaped all identical behind the sintering, and product design unanimity, inherent quality are good.Increase batch so greatly, reached purpose energy-saving and cost-reducing and that enhance productivity, be suitable for industrialized mass production.
2. product is compared with external like product, and three remarkable advantages are arranged: safe class is the highest, and price is at half, and in light weight about 15%.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the form schematic diagram of the integral curved large scale aluminium oxide of the present invention bulletproof ceramic plate;
Fig. 2 is special combination mould structure of the present invention and filler strip disposing way schematic diagram;
The combination form schematic diagram of special combination mould when Fig. 3 congeals into type for the present invention annotates;
Fig. 4 is integral curved ceramic blank plate sintering disposing way schematic diagram;
Fig. 5 is the local enlarged diagram of the A portion structural form of Fig. 4.
Among the figure, 1 integral curved large scale aluminium oxide bulletproof ceramic plate; Radius arc formworks such as 2 internal and external cambered surfaces; 3 THICKNESS CONTROL filler strips, 3-1 rectangle THICKNESS CONTROL filler strip; 3-2 arc THICKNESS CONTROL filler strip; 4 clampers; The arch section of 5 arc formworks; 6 control shape fire resistant bearing boards; 7 antiseized insulating powders.
The specific embodiment
1. slip is prepared
According to required composition proportion and solid concentration requirement, accurate weighing ceramic powder and additive, but the water base ceramic slurry of preparation gelation, weighing and the corresponding ceramic slurry of mould therefor capacity;
2. the special combination mould is prepared
2.1 the material that template is selected chance not corrosions of water such as stainless steel, aluminium alloy, copper alloy for use and had a higher stiffness is made, above-mentioned sheet material is machined into the template of radiuses such as polylith internal and external cambered surface, thinnest part thickness is not less than 10mm simultaneously, can not deform when guaranteeing clamping;
2.2 annotate and to congeal into type special combination mould structure as shown in Figure 2, it by radius such as above-mentioned polylith internal and external cambered surface and top by the template 2 of an arc cast gate, THICKNESS CONTROL filler strip 3 and fixedly the clamper 4 etc. of polylith template partly form,
Between the polylith template and in the arc-shaped cavity that forms between the filler strip, be to hold to annotate to coagulate the radius ceramic blank plates such as internal and external cambered surface that the back forms;
2.3 during matched moulds, THICKNESS CONTROL filler strip 3 is placed between each template 2, as shown in Figure 2, become an integral body with clamper 4 fastening each template 2 then, require the each several part mating surface smooth smooth, guarantee that slip is unlikely to spill with the bottom surface from the side, vertically be placed on the workbench;
3. cast
With load weighted ceramic slurry, slowly be poured between the template from template top arc port, flow into back, die cavity bottom and slowly rise, until being full of die cavity at the bottom of the arc port;
4. the demoulding and cutting gel base substrate
During the demoulding, open clamper 4 behind the gel solidification, successively open template 2 and take out the gel base substrate of radiuses such as internal and external cambered surface;
5. dry
The gel blanket is placed on the gypsum gripper shoe with identical arc shape, and air dry, heat drying or microwave drying are till the base substrate constant weight;
6. control the shape sintering
The whole bulletproof ceramic plate of radiuses such as internal and external cambered surface gel base substrate with drying, surface-coated (spraying or brushing or dip-coating) layer thickness is the antiseized schmigel slip 7 of 0.1～0.3mm, schmigel purity is not less than 99.5%, particle diameter is not more than 10 μ m, treat antiseized schmigel slip 7 dryings after; Successively stacked being placed on the fire resistant bearing board 6 with identical arc shape as shown in Figure 5, finished burn off organic matter and sintering densification.
Surface coating layer is removed in the back of coming out of the stove, and namely obtains the whole bulletproof ceramic plate 1 that polylith has radius such as same size internal and external cambered surface.
Preparation 95%Al
2O
3Integral curved bulletproof ceramic plate
Assemble assembling die by accompanying drawing 2 and accompanying drawing 3 indications, its template 2 usefulness corrosion resistant plate machineds form, outside arc radius is R400mm in it, this example is total up to 5 arc formworks, one R40mm semi arch breach is arranged at middle 3 tops, the thickness of THICKNESS CONTROL filler strip (3-1 and 3-2) is 10mm, with clamper 4 integral retaining, constitutes the arc formwork row of the overall alignment of 4 die cavitys; Each die cavity inside dimension is 375mm (height) * 315mm (wide) * 9.76mm (interior thickness).
But prepare and take by weighing the gelation 95%Al that the 4700ml solid content is 55vol%
2O
3Water base ceramic slurry slowly is poured into die cavity with slip from template top semi arch indentation, there, flows into the die cavity bottom and slowly rise to be full of all places, die cavity semi arch breach upper edge.
Behind the gel solidification during demoulding, open clamper 4, successively open the gel base sheet that template 2 is taken out radius such as internal and external cambered surfaces, be cut to the base sheet that profile is 366mm * 305mm with thin blade, be placed on the plasterboard that the intrados radius is R400mm, heat drying is to constant weight in micro-wave oven.
Evenly brush the antiseized insulating powder 7 that the thick high-purity corundum powder slurry of about 0.2mm constitutes to every clotting compound blank sheet intrados, successively be placed on the load bearing board 6 that the intrados radius is R400mm by accompanying drawing 4 modes after the air dry.Slowly heat up at 200～400 ℃ of heating rates with 30 ℃/h, and at 600 ℃ of insulation 2h, thoroughly the burn off organic matter is warming up to 1550 ℃ of insulation 3h then, finishes the sintering densification of ceramic body.
The back cleaning face coat (antiseized insulating powder 7) of coming out of the stove obtains that the outside arc radius is R400mm in 4, is of a size of the integral curved oxidation bulletproof ceramic plate 1 of 300mm (height) * 250mm (wide) * 8mm (interior thickness).
Preparation 99%Al
2O
3Integral curved bulletproof ceramic plate
Assemble assembling die by accompanying drawing 2 and accompanying drawing 3 indications, its template 2 usefulness aluminium alloy plates or copper alloy plate machined form, outside arc radius is R380mm in it, be total up to 7 templates, one R40mm semi arch breach is arranged at middle 5 tops, the thickness of THICKNESS CONTROL filler strip (3-1 and 3-2) is 7.2mm, with clamper 4 integral retaining, constitutes the arc formwork row of the overall alignment of 6 die cavitys; Each die cavity inside dimension is 370mm (height) * 310mm (wide) * 7.2mm (interior thickness).
But prepare and take by weighing the gelation 99%Al that the 5200ml solid content is 58vol%
2O
3Water base ceramic slurry slowly is poured into assembling die with slip from template top semi arch indentation, there, flows into die cavity bottom and slowly rising, until being full of all places, die cavity semi arch breach upper edge.
Behind the gel solidification during demoulding, open clamper 4, successively open the gel base sheet that template 2 is taken out radius such as internal and external cambered surfaces, be cut to the base sheet that profile is 360mm * 300mm with thin blade, be placed on the plasterboard that the intrados radius is R380mm, air dry is to constant weight under room temperature.
Evenly spray the antiseized insulating powder 7 that the thick high-purity corundum powder slurry of about 0.15mm constitutes to every clotting compound blank sheet intrados, after the air dry, successively be placed on the load bearing board 6 that the intrados radius is R380mm by accompanying drawing 4 modes.
Slowly heat up at 200～400 ℃ of heating rates with 20 ℃/h, and at 600 ℃ of insulation 3h, thorough burn off organic matter, the heating rate with 100 ℃/h is warming up to 1600 ℃ of insulation 3h then, finishes the sintering densification of ceramic body.The back cleaning face coat (antiseized insulating powder 7) of coming out of the stove obtains that the outside arc radius is R380mm in 6, is of a size of the integral curved oxidation bulletproof ceramic plate 1. of 300mm (height) * 250mm (wide) * 6mm (interior thickness).
Claims (3)
1. integral curved large scale aluminium oxide bulletproof ceramic plate is characterized in that:
Described aluminium oxide bulletproof ceramic plate, but by the water base ceramic slurry of gelation, be poured in the special combination mould, until being full of die cavity; Behind the gel solidification, take out the equal whole bulletproof ceramic plate of the arc gel base substrate of internal and external cambered surface radius with regulation appearance and size; Place and have that control shape is dried to the base substrate constant weight on the gypsum gripper shoe that identical arc shape and radius equate; The antiseized insulating powder that surface-coated one deck high-purity schmigel slip constitutes successively overlays then and has on the fire resistant bearing board that identical arc shape and radius equate, sinters to burn off organic matter and densified; Come out of the stove, remove antiseized insulating powder, namely obtain polylith and have same size, the integral curved bulletproof ceramic plate of radiuses such as internal and external cambered surface;
The radius of the internal and external cambered surface of described integral curved large scale aluminium oxide bulletproof ceramic plate equates;
Described aluminium oxide bulletproof ceramic plate internal and external cambered surface radius is 300～500mm;
Described aluminium oxide bulletproof ceramic board size is high 300mm, wide 250mm, interior thickness 6mm or 8mm;
The shape of described aluminium oxide bulletproof ceramic plate is coincide with human body chest, abdomen, back physiological curve.
2. according to the special combination mould of the described ceramic wafer of claim 1, it is characterized in that:
1) described special combination mould, by the arc formwork ⑵ that polylith internal and external cambered surface radius equates, THICKNESS CONTROL filler strip ⑶ and fixedly the clamper ⑷ of the overlapping placement template of polylith form;
Arc formwork ⑵ thinnest part thickness 〉=10mm;
THICKNESS CONTROL filler strip ⑶ is set to two kinds, and that laterally uses is set to the arc filler strip (3-1) that the internal and external cambered surface radius equates; Vertical use be set to rectangle filler strip (3-2);
2) material of described special combination mould is stainless steel, aluminium alloy or copper alloy plate;
3) with above-mentioned sheet material machined, make arc formwork ⑵ and many arc filler strips (3-1) and many rectangle filler strips (3-2) that polylith internal and external cambered surface radius equates;
4) polylith arc formwork ⑵ vertical placement side by side, THICKNESS CONTROL filler strip ⑶ is placed between each arc formwork ⑵ at interval, clamp the polylith periphery of the arc formwork ⑵ of placement side by side with clamper ⑷, connect airtight between arc formwork ⑵ and the THICKNESS CONTROL filler strip ⑶ and cooperate, constitute the arc formwork row of overall alignment; The each several part mating surface is bright and clean smooth, guarantees that slip is unlikely to spill with the bottom surface from the side; Adjacent two arc formwork ⑵ and corresponding THICKNESS CONTROL filler strip ⑶ constitute the arc die cavity.
3. according to the method for making of the described ceramic wafer of claim 1, it is characterized in that this method branch makes following steps:
1) assembling die, slip are prepared and cast
Assemble assembling die on request;
According to required composition proportion requirement, accurate weighing ceramic powder, deionized water and additive, but the water base ceramic slurry of preparation gelation;
The corresponding water base ceramic slurry of weighing and mould therefor capacity is poured in the special combination mould;
During pouring operation, with load weighted above-mentioned water base ceramic slurry, slowly be poured into from gap, arc die cavity top in each arc formwork chamber of arc formwork row, should guarantee that air can be discharged smoothly from gap between horizontal filler strip and the vertical filler strip in the die cavity; Water base ceramic slurry slowly rises until being full of die cavity;
2) gel solidification, the demoulding is also taken out whole bulletproof ceramic plate gel base substrate
Behind the gel solidification, open clamper ⑷, successively open arc formwork ⑵ and THICKNESS CONTROL filler strip ⑶, and take out the gel base substrate that solidifies; Acquisition has the equal whole bulletproof ceramic plate of the arc gel base substrate of internal and external cambered surface radius of regulation appearance and size;
3) drying
With the integral curved bulletproof ceramic plate gel base substrate of radiuses such as internal and external cambered surface, place to have control shape drying on the gypsum gripper shoe that identical arc shape and radius equate, but air dry, heat drying or microwave drying, till base substrate weight constant weight;
4) control shape sintering
The integral curved bulletproof ceramic plate of radiuses such as internal and external cambered surface gel base substrate with constant weight, the antiseized insulating powder ⑺ that surface-coated one deck high-purity schmigel slip constitutes, successively overlay then and have on the fire resistant bearing board ⑹ that identical arc shape and radius equate, sinter to burn off organic matter and densified;
Come out of the stove, remove the antiseized insulating powder ⑺ of layer of surface-coated, namely obtain polylith and have same size, the integral curved bulletproof ceramic plate ⑴ of radiuses such as internal and external cambered surface.
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| CN102491758B (en) * | 2011-11-16 | 2013-03-06 | 揭阳市英皇陶瓷有限公司 | Insulator for bare-packing and sintering ceramics to be stacked in multi-layered manner and application method thereof |
| CN102699985B (en) * | 2012-04-25 | 2015-04-22 | 中国电子科技集团公司第五十五研究所 | Method for preparing minuteness cavity stricture multilayer ceramics by using laminating method filled gel |
| CN102814908A (en) * | 2012-08-31 | 2012-12-12 | 盐城市国泰高新防备有限公司 | Arc-shaped PE (poly ethylene) bulletproof plugboard mold |
| CN104446383B (en) * | 2013-09-22 | 2016-08-31 | 扬州北方三山工业陶瓷有限公司 | Large scale aluminum oxide bulk ceramics arc and manufacture method thereof |
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