CN102181787A - Refractory corrosion-resisting steel as well as preparation and heat treatment method thereof - Google Patents
Refractory corrosion-resisting steel as well as preparation and heat treatment method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides refractory corrosion-resisting steel as well as a preparation and heat treatment method thereof. The invention aims to provide refractory corrosion-resisting steel with good high-temperature mechanical property and normal temperature corrosion resistant performance as well as a preparation and heat treatment method thereof. The refractory corrosion-resisting steel comprises C (Carbon), Cr (Chromium), Mo (Molybdenum), V (Vanadium), Nb (Niobium), Mn (Manganese), Si (Silicon) and Fe (Ferrum). The preparation and heat treatment method comprises the following steps of: (1) smelting the components of the refractory corrosion-resisting steel in an immediate frequency vacuum smelting furnace according to a mixing ratio so as to obtain a cast alloy; and (2) carrying out diffusion annealing treatment and forging treatment on the cast alloy, solutionizing the cast alloy at 1080 DEG C for two hours, preserving the heat for 2 hours after normalizing, annealing the cast alloy, and then quenching and annealing to finish the heat treatment of the refractory corrosion-resisting steel. In the invention, the strength of the refractory corrosion-resisting steel is assured by the carbon in the refractory corrosion-resisting steel, the definite corrosion resistance of the refractory corrosion-resisting steel is assured by the chromium, and the molybdenum, the vanadium and the niobium, in particular the Niobium, are added to the benefit of the improvement of the heat resistance of the refractory corrosion-resisting steel.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of steel and preparation thereof and heat treating method.
Background technology
Hot-work die steel is mainly used in hot-forging die, hot extruding die, transfer mold and isothermal forging mould etc.Hot-work die requires to have higher strength and toughness, oxidation-resistance, wear resistance, thermostability, cold and hot fatigue property and solidity to corrosion under working temperature.Hot-work die steel gains great popularity with good red hardness, and it has experienced, and low Cr-Mo is, the H of high Cr is and the QRO series triple-substituted development of middle Cr.HOTVAR possesses good ambient temperature mechanical properties and hot properties.But its normal temperature solidity to corrosion and high-temperature oxidation resistance can not satisfy the demand of some special occasions (needing to use or hot-extrusion mold after the long-term storage).
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is for a kind of strong corrosion-resisting steel of heat and preparation and heat treating method that possesses good mechanical behavior under high temperature and normal temperature corrosion resisting property is provided.
The strong corrosion-resisting steel of heat is made up of 0.45%～0.55% C, 3.5%～4.5% Cr, 2.5%～3.5% Mo, 0.5%～1.5% V, 0.05%～0.2% Nb, 0.5%～1.5% Mn, 0.5%～1.5% Si and the Fe of surplus according to the quality percentage composition.
The strong corrosion-resisting steel of heat according to the quality percentage composition by 0.45%～0.55% C, 3.5%～4.5% Cr, 2.5%～3.5% Mo, 0.5%～1.5% V, 0.05%～0.2% Nb, 0.5%～1.5% Mn, 0.5%～1.5% Si, 0.1%～1.0% Rare-Earth Ce, surplus are that Fe forms.
The method of preparation and the strong corrosion-resisting steel of thermal treatment heat is as follows: one, each composition proportion according to the strong corrosion-resisting steel of above-mentioned heat obtains cast alloy with the smelting of intermediate frequency vacuum melting furnace; Two,, after 1080 ℃ of solid solutions normalizing in 2 hours,,,, promptly finish the strong anti-corrosion Heat Treatment Of Steel of heat again 520 ℃～640 ℃ tempering then 980 ℃～1200 ℃ quenchings in 850 ℃ of insulations annealing in 2 hours with cast alloy process diffusion annealing and conducting forging processing.
Carbon content 0.45%～0.55% in the strong corrosion-resisting steel of the present invention heat has guaranteed the intensity of hot strong corrosion-resisting steel; Chromium content is 3.5%～4.5% can guarantee that the strong corrosion-resisting steel of heat has certain corrosion resisting property; Molybdenum, vanadium, niobium especially being added with of niobium are beneficial to the heat raising of corrosion-resisting steel heat resistance by force.
Advantage of the present invention is that corrosion-resisting steel can guarantee to possess certain solidity to corrosion under the precondition of mechanical behavior under high temperature, compares more anti-corrosionly with reference steel grade HOTVAR, can replace HOTVAR under some corrode occasion, satisfies the type alloy corrosion proof requirement.The tempered structure of the strong corrosion-resisting steel of heat is tempered martensite and goes up the carbide that disperse distributes.The tensile strength of the strong corrosion-resisting steel of heat can be 1915MPa under the thermal treatment process, and yield strength can be 1685MPa, and relative reduction in area can be 18.6%, and unit elongation can be 8.01%, and hardness can be 54HRC, and impelling strength can be 9.8J.The strong corrosion-resisting steel of heat after the thermal treatment also has the excellent high-temperature mechanical property, and tensile strength reaches 1778MPa in the time of 400 ℃, and tensile strength reaches 1245MPa in the time of 600 ℃, and 3 red hardness test results of 600 ℃ of tempering are 52.6HRC.The strong corrosion-resisting steel erosion rate in 5%NaCl solution of heat is 0.0443mm/y, is assessed as anti-corrosion grade according to national standard.And under 600 ℃, has oxidation-resistance.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is that the tissue topography through 1080 ℃ of strong corrosion-resisting steels of quenching after heat schemes in the embodiment 17; Fig. 2 is that the tissue topography through 980 ℃ of strong corrosion-resisting steels of quenching after heat schemes in the embodiment 19; Fig. 3 is that the tissue topography through 1120 ℃ of strong corrosion-resisting steels of quenching after heat schemes in the embodiment 20; Fig. 4 is through the hot impelling strength curve of corrosion-resisting steel by force under the different tempering temperatures after 1080 ℃ of quenchings in the embodiment 21; Fig. 5 be in the embodiment 21 under 600 ℃ of tempering temperatures the figure of tissue topography of the strong corrosion-resisting steel of heat; Fig. 6 be in the embodiment 21 under 580 ℃ of tempering temperatures the figure of tissue topography of the strong corrosion-resisting steel of heat.
Embodiment
Technical solution of the present invention is not limited to following cited embodiment, also comprises the arbitrary combination between each embodiment.
Embodiment one: in the present embodiment the strong corrosion-resisting steel of heat according to the quality percentage composition by 0.45%～0.55% C, 3.5%～4.5% Cr, 2.5%～3.5% Mo, 0.5%～1.5% V, 0.05%～0.2% Nb, 0.5%～1.5%
The Fe of Mn, 0.5%～1.5% Si and surplus forms.
The strong corrosion-resisting steel erosion rate in 5%NaCl solution of heat is 0.0443mm/y in the present embodiment, is assessed as anti-corrosion grade according to national standard.And under 600 ℃, has oxidation-resistance.
Embodiment two: present embodiment and embodiment one are different, and to be the strong corrosion-resisting steel of heat be made up of 0.50% C, 4% Cr, 3% Mo, 1% V, 0.1% Nb, 1% Mn, 1% Si and the Fe of surplus according to the quality percentage composition.
The strong corrosion-resisting steel erosion rate in 5%NaCl solution of heat is 0.0443mm/y in the present embodiment, is assessed as anti-corrosion grade according to national standard.And under 600 ℃, has oxidation-resistance.
Embodiment three: present embodiment and embodiment one are different, and to be the strong corrosion-resisting steel of heat be made up of 0.53% C, 3.8% Cr, 3.2% Mo, 1.2% V, 0.15% Nb, 1.2% Mn, 1.2% Si and the Fe of surplus according to the quality percentage composition.
Embodiment four: in the present embodiment the strong corrosion-resisting steel of heat according to the quality percentage composition by 0.45%～0.55% C, 3.5%～4.5% Cr, 2.5%～3.5% Mo, 0.5%～1.5% V, 0.05%～0.2% Nb, 0.5%～1.5% Mn, 0.5%～1.5% Si, 0.1%～1.0% Rare-Earth Ce, surplus are that Fe forms.
The strong corrosion-resisting steel erosion rate in 5%NaCl solution of heat is 0.0443mm/y in the present embodiment, is assessed as anti-corrosion grade according to national standard.And under 600 ℃, has oxidation-resistance.
Embodiment five: what present embodiment and embodiment four were different is that the strong corrosion-resisting steel of heat contains according to the quality percentage
Amount is by 0.50% C, 4% Cr, 3% Mo, 1% V, 0.1% Nb, 1% Mn, 1% Si, and 0.5% Rare-Earth Ce, surplus are that Fe forms.
The strong corrosion-resisting steel erosion rate in 5%NaCl solution of heat is 0.0443mm/y in the present embodiment, is assessed as anti-corrosion grade according to national standard.And under 600 ℃, has oxidation-resistance.
Embodiment six: what present embodiment and embodiment four were different is that the strong corrosion-resisting steel of heat contains according to the quality percentage
Amount is by 0.53% C, 3.8% Cr, 3.2% Mo, 1.2% V, 0.15% Nb, 1.2% Mn, 1.2% Si, and 0.8% Rare-Earth Ce, surplus are that Fe forms.
Embodiment seven: the method for the strong corrosion-resisting steel of preparation and thermal treatment heat is as follows in the present embodiment: one, obtain cast alloy in the C of each composition quality percentage composition 0.45%～0.55% in the strong corrosion-resisting steel of heat, 3.5%～4.5% Cr, 2.5%～3.5% Mo, 0.5%～1.5% V, 0.05%～0.2% Nb, 0.5%～1.5% Mn, 0.5%～1.5% Si and the ratio of surplus Fe with the smelting of intermediate frequency vacuum melting furnace; Two, cast alloy was handled 3 hours through 1200 ℃ of diffusion annealings, forging ratio greater than 3: 1,950 ℃～1050 ℃ condition under conducting forging processing, after 1080 ℃ of solid solutions normalizing in 2 hours, annealed in 2 hours 850 ℃ of insulations, then 980 ℃～1200 ℃ quenchings, 520 ℃～640 ℃ tempering, promptly finish again the strong anti-corrosion Heat Treatment Of Steel of heat.
The tensile strength of the strong corrosion-resisting steel of thermal treatment after heat can be 1915MPa, and yield strength can be 1685MPa, and relative reduction in area can be 18.6%, and unit elongation can be 8.01%, and hardness can be 54HRC, and impelling strength can be 9.8J.The strong corrosion-resisting steel of heat after the thermal treatment also has the excellent high-temperature mechanical property, and tensile strength reaches 1778MPa in the time of 400 ℃, and tensile strength reaches 1245MPa in the time of 600 ℃, and 3 red hardness test results of 600 ℃ of tempering are 52.6HRC.
Embodiment eight: what present embodiment and embodiment seven were different is that quenching temperature is 1050～1100 ℃ in the step 2.
Embodiment nine: what present embodiment and embodiment seven were different is that quenching temperature is 1105～1150 ℃ in the step 2.
Embodiment ten: what present embodiment and embodiment seven were different is that tempering temperature is 580 ℃ in the step 2.
Embodiment 11: what present embodiment and embodiment seven were different is that tempering temperature is 600 ℃ in the step 2.
Embodiment 12: the method for the hot strong corrosion-resisting steel of preparation and thermal treatment is as follows in the present embodiment: one, by C, 3.5%～4.5% Cr, 2.5%～3.5% Mo, 0.5%～1.5% V, 0.05%～0.2% Nb, 0.5%～1.5% Mn, 0.5%～1.5% the Si of each composition quality percentage composition 0.45%～0.55% in the strong corrosion-resisting steel of heat, 0.1%～1.0% Rare-Earth Ce and surplus are that the ratio of Fe obtains cast alloy with the smelting of intermediate frequency vacuum melting furnace; Two, cast alloy was handled 3 hours through 1200 ℃ of diffusion annealings, forging ratio greater than 3: 1,950 ℃～1050 ℃ condition under conducting forging processing, after 1080 ℃ of solid solutions normalizing in 2 hours, annealed in 2 hours 850 ℃ of insulations, then 980 ℃～1200 ℃ quenchings, 520 ℃～640 ℃ tempering, promptly finish again the strong anti-corrosion Heat Treatment Of Steel of heat.
The tensile strength of the strong corrosion-resisting steel of thermal treatment after heat can be 1915MPa, and yield strength can be 1685MPa, and relative reduction in area can be 18.6%, and unit elongation can be 8.01%, and hardness can be 54HRC, and impelling strength can be 9.8J.The strong corrosion-resisting steel of heat after the thermal treatment also has the excellent high-temperature mechanical property, and tensile strength reaches 1778MPa in the time of 400 ℃, and tensile strength reaches 1245MPa in the time of 600 ℃, and 3 red hardness test results of 600 ℃ of tempering are 52.6HRC.
Embodiment 13: what present embodiment and embodiment 12 were different is that quenching temperature is 1050～1100 ℃ in the step 2.
Embodiment 14: what present embodiment and embodiment 12 were different is that quenching temperature is 1105～1150 ℃ in the step 2.
Embodiment 15: what present embodiment and embodiment 12 were different is that tempering temperature is 580 ℃ in the step 2.
Embodiment 16: what this present embodiment and embodiment 12 were different is that tempering temperature is 600 ℃ in the step 2.
Embodiment 17: the method for the strong corrosion-resisting steel of preparation and thermal treatment heat is as follows in the present embodiment: one, obtain cast alloy in the C of each composition quality percentage composition 0.45%～0.55% in the strong corrosion-resisting steel of heat, 3.5%～4.5% Cr, 2.5%～3.5% Mo, 0.5%～1.5% V, 0.05%～0.2% Nb, 0.5%～1.5% Mn, 0.5%～1.5% Si and the ratio of surplus Fe with the smelting of intermediate frequency vacuum melting furnace; Two, cast alloy was handled 3 hours through 1200 ℃ of diffusion annealings, forging ratio greater than 3: 1,950 ℃～1050 ℃ condition under conducting forging processing, after 1080 ℃ of solid solutions normalizing in 2 hours, annealed in 2 hours 850 ℃ of insulations, then 1080 ℃ of quenchings, 520 ℃～640 ℃ tempering, promptly finish again the strong anti-corrosion Heat Treatment Of Steel of heat.
Find out that by Fig. 1 the strong corrosion-resisting steel of heat can obtain the better strength and toughness coupling through 1080 ℃ of these steel grades that quench, toughness is best, and intensity is higher.
The tensile strength of the strong corrosion-resisting steel of thermal treatment after heat can be 1915MPa, and yield strength can be 1685MPa, and relative reduction in area can be 18.6%, and unit elongation can be 8.01%, and hardness can be 54HRC, and impelling strength can be 9.8J.The strong corrosion-resisting steel of heat after the thermal treatment also has the excellent high-temperature mechanical property, and tensile strength reaches 1778MPa in the time of 400 ℃, and tensile strength reaches 1245MPa in the time of 600 ℃, and 3 red hardness test results of 600 ℃ of tempering are 52.6HRC.
Embodiment 18: the method for the strong corrosion-resisting steel of preparation and thermal treatment heat is as follows in the present embodiment: one, obtain cast alloy in the C of each composition quality percentage composition 0.45%～0.55% in the strong corrosion-resisting steel of heat, 3.5%～4.5% Cr, 2.5%～3.5% Mo, 0.5%～1.5% V, 0.05%～0.2% Nb, 0.5%～1.5% Mn, 0.5%～1.5% Si and the ratio of surplus Fe with the smelting of intermediate frequency vacuum melting furnace; Two, cast alloy was handled 3 hours through 1200 ℃ of diffusion annealings, forging ratio greater than 3: 1,950 ℃～1050 ℃ condition under conducting forging processing, after 1080 ℃ of solid solutions normalizing in 2 hours, annealed in 2 hours 850 ℃ of insulations, then 1100 ℃ of quenchings, 520 ℃～640 ℃ tempering, promptly finish again the strong anti-corrosion Heat Treatment Of Steel of heat.
In the present embodiment through the steel grade of 1100 ℃ of quenchings than through the tough sexual deviation of the steel grade of 1080 ℃ of quenchings but intensity improve.
The tensile strength of the strong corrosion-resisting steel of thermal treatment after heat can be 1915MPa, and yield strength can be 1685MPa, and relative reduction in area can be 18.6%, and unit elongation can be 8.01%, and hardness can be 54HRC, and impelling strength can be 9.8J.The strong corrosion-resisting steel of heat after the thermal treatment also has the excellent high-temperature mechanical property, and tensile strength reaches 1778MPa in the time of 400 ℃, and tensile strength reaches 1245MPa in the time of 600 ℃, and 3 red hardness test results of 600 ℃ of tempering are 52.6HRC.
Embodiment 19: the method for the strong corrosion-resisting steel of preparation and thermal treatment heat is as follows in the present embodiment: one, obtain cast alloy in the C of each composition quality percentage composition 0.45%～0.55% in the strong corrosion-resisting steel of heat, 3.5%～4.5% Cr, 2.5%～3.5% Mo, 0.5%～1.5% V, 0.05%～0.2% Nb, 0.5%～1.5% Mn, 0.5%～1.5% Si and the ratio of surplus Fe with the smelting of intermediate frequency vacuum melting furnace; Two, cast alloy was handled 3 hours through 1200 ℃ of diffusion annealings, forging ratio greater than 3: 1,950 ℃～1050 ℃ condition under conducting forging processing, after 1080 ℃ of solid solutions normalizing in 2 hours, annealed in 2 hours 850 ℃ of insulations, then 980 ℃ of quenchings, 520 ℃ of tempering, promptly finish again the strong anti-corrosion Heat Treatment Of Steel of heat.
The tensile strength of the strong corrosion-resisting steel of thermal treatment after heat can be 1915MPa, and yield strength can be 1685MPa, and relative reduction in area can be 18.6%, and unit elongation can be 8.01%, and hardness can be 54HRC, and impelling strength can be 9.8J.The strong corrosion-resisting steel of heat after the thermal treatment also has the excellent high-temperature mechanical property, and tensile strength reaches 1778MPa in the time of 400 ℃, and tensile strength reaches 1245MPa in the time of 600 ℃, and 3 red hardness test results of 600 ℃ of tempering are 52.6HRC.
Embodiment 20: the method for the hot strong corrosion-resisting steel of preparation and thermal treatment is as follows in the present embodiment: one, by C, 3.5%～4.5% Cr, 2.5%～3.5% Mo, 0.5%～1.5% V, 0.05%～0.2% Nb, 0.5%～1.5% Mn, 0.5%～1.5% the Si of each composition quality percentage composition 0.45%～0.55% in the strong corrosion-resisting steel of heat, 0.1%～1.0% Rare-Earth Ce and surplus are that the ratio of Fe obtains cast alloy with the smelting of intermediate frequency vacuum melting furnace; Two, cast alloy was handled 3 hours through 1200 ℃ of diffusion annealings, forging ratio greater than 3: 1,950 ℃～1050 ℃ condition under conducting forging processing, after 1080 ℃ of solid solutions normalizing in 2 hours, annealed in 2 hours 850 ℃ of insulations, then 1120 ℃ of quenchings, 640 ℃ of tempering, promptly finish again the strong anti-corrosion Heat Treatment Of Steel of heat.
The tensile strength of the strong corrosion-resisting steel of thermal treatment after heat can be 1915MPa, and yield strength can be 1685MPa, and relative reduction in area can be 18.6%, and unit elongation can be 8.01%, and hardness can be 54HRC, and impelling strength can be 9.8J.The strong corrosion-resisting steel of heat after the thermal treatment also has the excellent high-temperature mechanical property, and tensile strength reaches 1778MPa in the time of 400 ℃, and tensile strength reaches 1245MPa in the time of 600 ℃, and 3 red hardness test results of 600 ℃ of tempering are 52.6HRC.
Embodiment 21: the method for the strong corrosion-resisting steel of preparation and thermal treatment heat is as follows in the present embodiment: one, obtain cast alloy in the C of each composition quality percentage composition 0.45%～0.55% in the strong corrosion-resisting steel of heat, 3.5%～4.5% Cr, 2.5%～3.5% Mo, 0.5%～1.5% V, 0.05%～0.2% Nb, 0.5%～1.5% Mn, 0.5%～1.5% Si and the ratio of surplus Fe with the smelting of intermediate frequency vacuum melting furnace; Two, cast alloy was handled 3 hours through 1200 ℃ of diffusion annealings, forging ratio greater than 3: 1,950 ℃～1050 ℃ condition under conducting forging processing, after 1080 ℃ of solid solutions normalizing in 2 hours, annealed in 2 hours 850 ℃ of insulations, then 1080 ℃ of quenchings, 520 ℃～640 ℃ tempering, promptly finish again the strong anti-corrosion Heat Treatment Of Steel of heat.
Claims (10)
1. the strong corrosion-resisting steel of heat is characterized in that the strong corrosion-resisting steel of heat is made up of 0.45%～0.55% C, 3.5%～4.5% Cr, 2.5%～3.5% Mo, 0.5%～1.5% V, 0.05%～0.2% Nb, 0.5%～1.5% Mn, 0.5%～1.5% Si and the Fe of surplus according to the quality percentage composition.
2. hot strong corrosion-resisting steel, it is characterized in that the strong corrosion-resisting steel of heat according to the quality percentage composition by 0.45%～0.55% C, 3.5%～4.5% Cr, 2.5%～3.5% Mo, 0.5%～1.5% V, 0.05%～0.2% Nb, 0.5%～1.5% Mn, 0.5%～1.5% Si, 0.1%～1.0% Rare-Earth Ce, surplus are that Fe forms.
3. the preparation and the heat treating method of the strong corrosion-resisting steel of the described heat of claim 1 is characterized in that the method for preparing with the strong corrosion-resisting steel of thermal treatment heat is as follows: one, obtain cast alloy in the C of each composition quality percentage composition 0.45%～0.55% in the strong corrosion-resisting steel of heat, 3.5%～4.5% Cr, 2.5%～3.5% Mo, 0.5%～1.5% V, 0.05%～0.2% Nb, 0.5%～1.5% Mn, 0.5%～1.5% Si and the ratio of surplus Fe with the smelting of intermediate frequency vacuum melting furnace; Two,, after 1080 ℃ of solid solutions normalizing in 2 hours,,,, promptly finish the strong anti-corrosion Heat Treatment Of Steel of heat again 520 ℃～640 ℃ tempering then 980 ℃～1200 ℃ quenchings in 850 ℃ of insulations annealing in 2 hours with cast alloy process diffusion annealing processing and conducting forging processing.
4. according to the method for described preparation of claim 3 and the strong corrosion-resisting steel of thermal treatment heat, it is characterized in that quenching temperature is 1050～1100 ℃ in the step 2.
5. according to the method for described preparation of claim 3 and the strong corrosion-resisting steel of thermal treatment heat, it is characterized in that quenching temperature is 1105～1150 ℃ in the step 2.
6. according to the method for described preparation of claim 3 and the strong corrosion-resisting steel of thermal treatment heat, it is characterized in that tempering temperature is 580 ℃～600 ℃ in the step 2.
7. the preparation and the heat treating method of the strong corrosion-resisting steel of the described heat of claim 2, it is characterized in that the method for preparing with the hot strong corrosion-resisting steel of thermal treatment is as follows: one, by C, 3.5%～4.5% Cr, 2.5%～3.5% Mo, 0.5%～1.5% V, 0.05%～0.2% Nb, 0.5%～1.5% Mn, 0.5%～1.5% the Si of each composition quality percentage composition 0.45%～0.55% in the strong corrosion-resisting steel of heat, 0.1%～1.0% Rare-Earth Ce and surplus are that the ratio of Fe obtains cast alloy with the smelting of intermediate frequency vacuum melting furnace; Two,, after 1080 ℃ of solid solutions normalizing in 2 hours,,,, promptly finish the strong anti-corrosion Heat Treatment Of Steel of heat again 520 ℃～640 ℃ tempering then 980 ℃～1200 ℃ quenchings in 850 ℃ of insulations annealing in 2 hours with cast alloy process diffusion annealing processing and conducting forging processing.
8. according to the method for described preparation of claim 7 and the strong corrosion-resisting steel of thermal treatment heat, it is characterized in that quenching temperature is 1050～1100 ℃ in the step 2.
9. according to the method for described preparation of claim 7 and the strong corrosion-resisting steel of thermal treatment heat, it is characterized in that quenching temperature is 1105～1150 ℃ in the step 2.
10. according to the method for described preparation of claim 7 and the strong corrosion-resisting steel of thermal treatment heat, it is characterized in that tempering temperature is 580 ℃～600 ℃ in the step 2.
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| TWI488974B (en) * | 2011-10-26 | 2015-06-21 | Jau Yeou Industry Co Ltd | Method of manufacturing a bi-metal screw |
| CN105568180A (en) * | 2016-01-07 | 2016-05-11 | 上海大学 | Nickel saving type heat resisting cast steel and preparing method thereof |
| CN108213863A (en) * | 2017-12-13 | 2018-06-29 | 北京市计量检测科学研究院 | The preparation method of high energy/extrahigh energy Charpy v-notch standard sample |
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