CN102179570A - Method for processing cycloid-involute spiral bevel gears and solid cutter - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for processing cycloid-involute spiral bevel gears on general digital control gear milling machines and a corresponding solid cutter, and belongs to the field of spiral bevel gear processing. According to the method, a large wheel can be processed by a double-sided method and a small wheel is processed by the double-sided method or a single-sided method. After a gear is subjected to heat treatment, the gear is shaved or ground. The cutter for processing the gear is integral; an installation structure of the cutter body on a machine tool is the same as a cutter installation structure used by the general digital control gear milling machines, and a soft cutting cutter head and a hard cutting cutter head used on the cutter and the assembly structure and method thereof are consistent with those used for the cycloid-involute spiral bevel gears. The cutter adopted in the method is simple in structure and easy to manufacture, and can perform processing on the general digital control machine tools without accessories or special designs, so the cycloid-involute spiral bevel gears can be easily promoted in industrial circles.

Description

A kind of method and solid cutter of processing cycloid-involute spiral bevel gear

Technical field

The present invention relates to the Machining Spiral Bevel Gear field, be specially a kind of method of cycloid-involute spiral bevel gear and solid cutter of this gear of processing processed, can on general mill teeth machine, process this spiral bevel gear with this cutterhead.

Background technology

For employed big specification spiral bevel gears of industry such as mine, metallurgy, building materials, the energy, external cycloid-accurate involute teeth system (Cycle-Palloid System) of mostly using the invention in 1964 of German Klingelnberg company, this tooth system adopt the binary cutterhead and on the lathe of special use with the method processing of continuous hobbing, the cutter tooth scraping that usefulness is equipped with the CBN cutter head after the gear heat treatment.The benefit of this tooth system is that the contact zone adjustment is simple and convenient, does not need special software to carry out cutting and calculates, and is well suited for the processing of industrial quarters small batch spiral bevel gear.Add the method for designing of its employing large-modulus few-tooth when design, good bending strength is arranged, therefore be subjected to very much the favor of industry.Yet its shortcoming also is significantly, and the poor rigidity of binary cutterhead and manufacturing are complicated, and the cutter spindle complex structure of machining tool is made difficulty, has had a strong impact on the popularization of this gear.

As shown in Figure 2, this gear adopts the cycloid equal-depth teeth and processes with the method for continuous hobbing.Bull wheel and steamboat energy correct engagement for spiral bevel gear must guarantee three conditions: the pressure angle of flank of tooth mid point and helical angle equate that as shown in Figure 3, the long curvature of tooth has a curvature difference.Equate in order to satisfy pressure angle, can produce shape wheel with the plane adds work gear and makes the profile angle of cutterhead equal the pressure angle of gear pair, the radius of curvature of concave surface tooth trace is than the big Δ r of radius of curvature of convex surface tooth trace when satisfying gears engaged, when the formative radius of interior cutter is r _CThe time, the formative radius that can make outer cutter is r _C+ Δ r.When the helical angle of the tooth trace mid point of big steamboat both sides all is ψ, can be in the hope of the computing formula of the radial S and the angle cutter spacing q of cutterhead by accompanying drawing 4:

$N_C=\frac{N}{\sin \mathrm{\Γ}}$

$\sin v=\frac{{\mathrm{AN}}_S}{{\mathrm{rN}}_C}\cos \mathrm{\ψ}$

$S=\sqrt{A^2+r^2-2\mathrm{Ar}\sin (\mathrm{\ψ}-v)}$

$\sin \mathrm{\η}=\frac{r\cos v-A\sin \mathrm{\ψ}}{S}$

q＝ψ+η

Wherein N is the number of teeth of processed gear, and Γ is the pitch cone angle of gear, N _SBe the cutter tooth group number of cutterhead, N _CBe to produce the shape tooth number, the geometric meaning of all the other parameters is seen Fig. 4.Can know by these formula, when the formative radius of interior cutter is r _C, the formative radius of outer cutter is r _CDuring+Δ r, be different with the angle cutter spacing by the desired radial in the both sides that top formula calculated.That is to say, require the cutterhead center of generate two lateral tooth flank mid points not overlap, the theoretical foundation of Here it is binary cutterhead.

The structure of binary cutterhead as shown in Figure 5, it is made up of the outer cutterhead of the interior cutterhead of cutter head in the installation shown in Figure 6 and the outer cutter head of installation shown in Figure 7, they are installed in the binary cutterhead that is combined on interior cutter main shaft shown in Figure 8 and the outer cutter main shaft as shown in Figure 5 respectively.Will do suitable adjustment according to the cutting result calculated between two cutterheads, the main shaft of two cutterheads will separate, and distance between them and phase angle are regulated with crosshead shoe shown in Figure 8.In the process of gear, they will be together with the revolution of cage chair conversion constantly they with respect to the phase place of cage chair.When this mill teeth machine was changed over numerical control gear milling machine, cutter spindle not only required two main shafts and the given as requested offset distance between them, but also to increase a numerical control axle be controlled in the Gear Processing in phase angle between cutterhead and the outer cutterhead.

Obviously, the poor rigidity of this binary cutterhead, manufacturing complexity, the cutter spindle of this lathe is complex structure, processing difficulties also.

Summary of the invention

At the defective of prior art, the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of solid cutter and on universal machine tools, process cycloid-involute spiral bevel gear, make that this processing method is easier to be used in engineering.

For achieving the above object, the technical solution used in the present invention is: the solid cutter of described processing cycloid-accurate involute spiral bevel gear, comprise by locating hole and be contained in cutter head on the cutter spindle of lathe, circumferentially have a plurality of cutter grooves on this cutter head, a cutter head is housed in each cutter groove, its design feature is, cutter head and outer cutter head in described cutter head comprises, interior cutter head and outer cutter head are to install at interval, and the radial position unanimity of the interior blade of cutter head in each, the radial position unanimity of the outer blade of outer cutter head, the profile angle of described cutter head equals the pressure angle of gear to be processed.

Described cutter head is connected with securing member with the cutter groove, and the adjusting pad is installed between described cutter head and the cutter head, and in order to regulate cutter diameter, the described cutter head outside is equipped with pressing plate, the cutter head fixed by nut in the cutter head outside.

Described cutter head is provided with the screw hole that a plurality of fixation cutter heads are used.

Further, described cutter head is preferably ten, wherein five interior cutter heads and five outer cutter heads are installed at interval, the pad one that interior cutter is used is shown a radial position unanimity that guarantees individual interior blade, the pad that outer cutter is used wants one to show the radial position unanimity that guarantees an outer blade, and interior edge bearing sheet and outer edge bearing sheet are determined according to the cutting result calculated.

Described cutter groove, bolt, cutter head, pad, pressing plate, nut can be according to the standard manufacture of Klingelnberg.

Described cutter head is provided with locating hole, and the size of locating hole will match with the cutter spindle of used lathe.Cutter head is provided with the screw hole that fixation cutter head is used, and screw hole is generally individual, and its position size will match with the positioning screw hole on the lathe cutter spindle.Also be provided with two on the cutter head and eject screw, be used for easily cutterhead being unloaded down from cutter spindle.

Correspondingly, the present invention also provides a kind of processing method of processing cycloid-accurate involute spiral bevel gear, utilize the method processing with continuous hobbing on general numerical control gear milling machine of above-mentioned solid cutter, bull wheel is processed with two-sided method, steamboat is with two-sided method or single side method processing, then to carrying out scraping teeth or roll flute through the gear after the gear heat treatment; Described cutterhead parameter and lathe adjusting parameter are:

The interior cutter formative radius of cutter head is standard value r _C, the outer cutter formative radius of cutter head is r ' _C=r _C+ Δ r, wherein Δ r=Δ r ₁+ Δ r ₂Wherein

Be tooth major radius correction value, Δ r ₂It is bull wheel transverse tooth thickness correction; ψ is a helical angle

Bull wheel adds and carries out cutting with interior cutter as benchmark man-hour and calculate, and when the helical angle of the tooth trace mid point of big steamboat both sides all was ψ, then the radial S of cutterhead and angle cutter spacing q were respectively:

$N_C=\frac{N}{\sin \mathrm{\Γ}}$

$\sin v=\frac{{\mathrm{AN}}_S}{{\mathrm{rN}}_C}\cos \mathrm{\ψ}$

$S=\sqrt{A^2+r^2-2\mathrm{Ar}\sin (\mathrm{\ψ}-v)}$

$\sin \mathrm{\η}=\frac{r\cos v-A\sin \mathrm{\ψ}}{S}$

q＝ψ+η

The meaning of each parameter representative wherein:

The number of teeth of N---processed gear;

A---processed gear mean cone distance;

The pitch cone angle of Γ---processed gear;

The helical angle of ψ---processed gear;

r _C---the radius of cutterhead;

N _S---the cutter tooth group number of cutterhead;

N _C---produce the shape tooth number;

MO in v---the accompanying drawing 4 _CAngle with MT;

Make OU ⊥ MT, OU and OO by producing shape wheel center O in η---the accompanying drawing 4 _CAngle;

Distance between S---cutter axis and the product shape wheel axis is called radial;

The angular position of q---cutter axis is called the angle cutter spacing.

This moment, the pressure angle by the bull wheel convex surface mid point of interior cutter generate equaled the cutterhead profile angle, and helical angle equals ψ, and tooth trace curvature equals formative radius r _CThe tooth trace curvature of institute's generate; Equal the profile angle of cutterhead by the pressure angle of the bull wheel concave surface mid point of outer cutter generate, its helical angle is ψ ' and is not equal to ψ, then:

$R=\frac{N_S}{N_C+N_S}S$

$\cos \mathrm{\λ}=\frac{A^2+{\left(r_C^{\′}\right)}^2-S^2}{{2\mathrm{Ar}}_C^{\′}}$

$\cos \mathrm{\μ}=\frac{S^2+{\left(r_C^{\′}\right)}^2-A^2}{{2\mathrm{Sr}}_C^{\′}}$

$\mathrm{MT}=\sqrt{R^2+{\left(r_C^{\′}\right)}^2-{2\mathrm{Rr}}_C^{\′}\cos \mathrm{\μ}}$

${\sin v}^{\′}=\frac{R\sin \mathrm{\μ}}{\mathrm{MT}}$

ψ′＝90-λ+v′

Wherein R is the moving radius of a circle of cutterhead, r ' _CBe the formative radius of outer cutter, the M point is the pitch curve mid point in the accompanying drawing 4, and T is the point of contact of circle and fixed circle.V ', λ ', μ ', η ' are and r ' _CPairing auxiliary angle.

When processing the steamboat concave surface that matches with the bull wheel convex surface, be ψ according to helical angle, outer cutter formative radius is r ' _CCalculate its cutting parameter; When processing the steamboat convex surface that matches with the bull wheel concave surface, be ψ ' according to helical angle then, interior cutter formative radius is r _CCalculate its cutting parameter; Reserve the scraping surplus when scraping adds the soft flank of tooth of work gear then, the cutting CALCULATION OF PARAMETERS with above be the same.

As Δ r ₂＞0 o'clock attenuate transverse tooth thickness, Δ r ₂＜0 o'clock thickening transverse tooth thickness.

Further, when described steamboat adds man-hour with two-sided method, use tilt mechanism and non-standard cutter head, described tilt mechanism is that a kind of cutter axis that can make produces the mechanism of an angle with producing the oblique crank Z line, and it can be used for revising the long curvature of tooth of pressure angle and corrected gear; Described steamboat adds man-hour with single side method, only needs the processing of employing standard cutter head just passable.But when processing the steamboat two sides simultaneously, profile angle there is specific (special) requirements, therefore will not recommends with the tilt method.

Compare with existing binary cutterhead, solid cutter of the present invention is simple in structure, good rigidly, the good manufacturability of processing.The adjustment of its contact zone can be by solving with single side method or the processing of tilt method on the general NC mill teeth machine, and this is than adding that with the binary cutterhead complicated cutter spindle design is superior.

Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples the present invention is done further invention.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a solid cutter structural representation of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is cycloid of the present invention-involute gear process principle figure;

Fig. 3 is the theory of engagement figure of cycloid-involute gear of the present invention;

Fig. 4 is the geometrical relationship figure between cycloid of the present invention-involute gear machined parameters;

Fig. 5 is the binary cutter head structure schematic diagram of existing processing cycloid-involute gear;

Fig. 6 is the interior cutter head structure schematic diagram of described binary cutterhead;

Fig. 7 is the outer cutter head structure schematic diagram of described binary cutterhead;

Fig. 8 is the cutter spindle structural representation of the lathe of existing processing processing cycloid-involute gear.

In the drawings

The 1-cutter head; 2-cutter groove; The 3-bolt; The 4-cutter head; The 5-pad;

The 6-briquetting; The 7-nut; The 8-screw hole; The 9-locating hole; 10-ejects screw.

A, B, C---imaginary plane produce the shape wheel, and O-produces shape wheel center.

The specific embodiment

A kind of solid cutter of processing cycloid-accurate involute spiral bevel gear, as shown in Figure 1, comprise by locating hole 9 and be contained in cutter head 1 on the cutter spindle of lathe, the cutter groove 2 that cutter head is installed is arranged on the cutter head, be provided with the bolt 3 that fixing cutter head is used in the groove, cutter head 4 is installed in the cutter groove 2, pad 5 is installed between cutter head 4 and the cutter head, in order to regulate cutter diameter, the cutter head outside is equipped with pressing plate 6, and cutter head 4 usefulness nuts 7 are fixing.Cutterhead generally is equipped with 10 cutter heads, 5 outer cutter heads of 5 interior cutter heads are installed at interval, the pad one that interior cutter is used is shown the radial position unanimity that guarantees 5 interior blades, the pad that outer cutter is used wants one to show the radial position unanimity that guarantees 5 outer blades, and interior edge bearing sheet and outer edge bearing sheet are determined according to the cutting result calculated.Cutter head 1 is provided with locating hole 9, and the size of locating hole will match with the cutter spindle of used lathe.Cutter head 1 is provided with the screw hole 8 that fixation cutter head is used, and screw hole is generally 4, and its position size will match with the positioning screw hole on the lathe cutter spindle.Also be provided with two on the cutter head 1 and eject screw 10, be used for easily cutterhead being unloaded down from cutter spindle.Cutter groove 2, bolt 3, cutter head 4, pad 5, pressing plate 6, nut 7 can be according to the standard manufacture of Klingelnberg.

The hard surface skiving cutter head of Klingelnberg standard is installed in above-mentioned cutter head, under same lathe adjusting parameter, can be carried out scraping processing the gear after the heat treatment.

When utilizing above-mentioned solid cutter processing cycloid-accurate involute spiral bevel gear, bull wheel adds and carries out cutting with interior cutter as benchmark man-hour and calculate, and calculates radial S and angle cutter spacing q by the formula of deriving previously, just can be in the hope of the lathe parameter of cutting.At this moment the pressure angle by the bull wheel convex surface mid point of interior cutter generate just equals the cutterhead profile angle, and helical angle just equals ψ, and tooth trace curvature equals formative radius r _CThe tooth trace curvature of institute's generate needn't be obtained concrete numerical value.At this moment the pressure angle by the bull wheel concave surface mid point of outer cutter generate still is the profile angle of cutterhead, but its helical angle ψ ' and be not equal to ψ can obtain as follows with reference to accompanying drawing 4:

$R=\frac{N_S}{N_C+N_S}S$

$\cos \mathrm{\λ}=\frac{A^2+{\left(r_C^{\′}\right)}^2-S^2}{{2\mathrm{Ar}}_C^{\′}}$

$\cos \mathrm{\μ}=\frac{S^2+{\left(r_C^{\′}\right)}^2-A^2}{{2\mathrm{Sr}}_C^{\′}}$

$\mathrm{MT}=\sqrt{R^2+{\left(r_C^{\′}\right)}^2-{2\mathrm{Rr}}_C^{\′}\cos \mathrm{\μ}}$

${\sin v}^{\′}=\frac{R\sin \mathrm{\μ}}{\mathrm{MT}}$

ψ′＝90-λ+v′

When processing the steamboat concave surface that matches with the bull wheel convex surface, be ψ according to helical angle, outer cutter formative radius is r ' _CCalculate its cutting parameter.When processing the steamboat convex surface that matches with the bull wheel concave surface, be ψ ' according to helical angle then, interior cutter formative radius is r _CCalculate its cutting parameter.The cutter tooth radius of another side is a basic principle with the flank of tooth of not interfering the opposite.The soft flank of tooth of gear of scraping processing adds and will reserve the scraping surplus man-hour then, the cutting CALCULATION OF PARAMETERS with above be the same.

As Δ r ₂＞0 o'clock attenuate transverse tooth thickness, Δ r ₂＜0 o'clock thickening transverse tooth thickness.

As a kind of preferred implementation, the actual parameter of described cycloid-involute spiral bevel gear is:

The bull wheel machined parameters is that ψ determines according to the helical angle of bull wheel convex surface mid point:

$N_C=\frac{N}{\sin \mathrm{\Γ}}=54.7448$

$S=\sqrt{A^2+r_C^2-2A{r}_C\sin (\mathrm{\ψ}-v)}=316.97\mathrm{mm}$

q＝ψ+η＝61.3152°

The helical angle of bull wheel concave surface is:

$R=\frac{N_S}{N_C+N_S}S=26.5271\mathrm{mm}$

$\mathrm{\Δr}=0.0508{\left(\frac{r_C\cos \mathrm{\ψ}}{\mathrm{BF}}\right)}^2=2.0572\mathrm{mm}$ (getting B=0.3)

r′ _C＝r _C+Δr＝212.0572mm

$\mathrm{MT}=\sqrt{R^2+{\left(r_C^{\′}\right)}^2-{2\mathrm{Rr}}_C^{\′}\cos \mathrm{\μ}}=206.4637\mathrm{mm}$

ψ′＝90-λ+v′＝29.5861°

The lathe adjusting parameter of the steamboat concave surface that matches with the bull wheel convex surface is ψ according to helical angle, and cutter radius is r ' _CCarrying out cutting calculates:

$S=\sqrt{A^2+{r^{\′}}_C^2-{2\mathrm{Ar}}_C^{\′}\sin (\mathrm{\ψ}-v)}=317.2772\mathrm{mm}$

q＝ψ+η＝61.8079°

The lathe adjusting parameter of the steamboat convex surface that matches with the bull wheel concave surface is ψ ' according to helical angle, and cutter radius is r _CCarrying out cutting calculates:

$S=\sqrt{A^2-r_C^2-2{\mathrm{Ar}}_C\sin ({\mathrm{\ψ}}^{\′}-v)}=316.6683\mathrm{mm}$

q＝ψ′+η＝61.4368°

Claims (6)

1. solid cutter of processing cycloid-accurate involute spiral bevel gear, comprise by locating hole (9) and be contained in cutter head (1) on the lathe cutter spindle, circumferentially have a plurality of cutter grooves (2) on this cutter head (1), in each cutter groove (2) cutter head (4) is housed, it is characterized in that, cutter head and outer cutter head in described cutter head (4) comprises, interior cutter head and outer cutter head are installed at interval, and the radial position unanimity of the interior blade of cutter head in each, the radial position unanimity of the outer blade of outer cutter head, the profile angle of described cutter head (1) equals the pressure angle of gear to be processed.

2. solid cutter according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described cutter head (4) is connected with securing member with cutter groove (2), and the pad (5) of regulating cutter diameter is installed between described cutter head (4) and the cutter head (1), and described cutter head (4) outside is equipped with pressing plate (6).

3. solid cutter according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described cutter head (1) is provided with the screw hole (8) that a plurality of fixation cutter heads are used.

4. solid cutter according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described cutter head (4) is ten, and wherein five interior cutter heads and five outer cutter heads are installed at interval.

5. processing method of processing cycloid-accurate involute spiral bevel gear, it is characterized in that, utilize the method processing with continuous hobbing on numerical control gear milling machine of the described solid cutter of one of claim 1 to 4, bull wheel is processed with two-sided method, steamboat is with two-sided method or single side method processing, then to carrying out scraping teeth or roll flute through the gear after the gear heat treatment; Described cutterhead parameter and lathe adjusting parameter are:

The interior cutter formative radius of cutter head (4) is standard value r _C, the outer cutter formative radius of cutter head (4) is r ' _C=r _C+ Δ r, wherein Δ r=Δ r ₁+ Δ r ₂Wherein

Be tooth major radius correction value, Δ r ₂Be bull wheel transverse tooth thickness correction, ψ is a helical angle;

Bull wheel adds and carries out cutting with interior cutter as benchmark man-hour and calculate, and when the helical angle of the tooth trace mid point of big steamboat both sides all was ψ, then the radial S of cutterhead and angle cutter spacing q were respectively:

$N_C=\frac{N}{\sin \mathrm{\Γ}}$

$\sin v=\frac{{\mathrm{AN}}_S}{{\mathrm{rN}}_C}\cos \mathrm{\ψ}$

$S=\sqrt{A^2+r^2-2\mathrm{Ar}\sin (\mathrm{\ψ}-v)}$

$\sin \mathrm{\η}=\frac{r\cos v-A\sin \mathrm{\ψ}}{S}$

q＝ψ+η

The meaning of each parameter representative wherein:

The number of teeth of N---processed gear;

A---processed gear mean cone distance;

The pitch cone angle of Γ---processed gear;

The helical angle of ψ---processed gear;

r _C---the radius of cutterhead;

N _S---the cutter tooth group number of cutterhead;

N _C---produce the shape tooth number;

V---MO _CAngle with MT;

η---OU and OO _CAngle;

Distance between S---cutter axis and the product shape wheel axis, i.e. radial;

The angular position of q---cutter axis is called the angle cutter spacing;

This moment, the pressure angle by the bull wheel convex surface mid point of interior cutter generate equaled the cutterhead profile angle, and helical angle equals ψ, and tooth trace curvature equals formative radius r _CThe tooth trace curvature of institute's generate; Equal the profile angle of cutterhead by the pressure angle of the bull wheel concave surface mid point of outer cutter generate, its helical angle is ψ ' and is not equal to ψ, then:

$R=\frac{N_S}{N_C+N_S}S$

$\cos {\mathrm{\λ}}^{\′}=\frac{A^2+{\left(r_C^{\′}\right)}^2-S^2}{{2\mathrm{Ar}}_C^{\′}}$

$\cos {\mathrm{\μ}}^{\′}=\frac{S^2+{\left(r_C^{\′}\right)}^2-A^2}{{2\mathrm{Sr}}_C^{\′}}$

$\mathrm{MT}=\sqrt{R^2+{\left(r_C^{\′}\right)}^2-{2\mathrm{Rr}}_C^{\′}\cos {\mathrm{\μ}}^{\′}}$

${\sin v}^{\′}=\frac{R\sin {\mathrm{\μ}}^{\′}}{\mathrm{MT}}$

ψ′＝90-λ′+v′

Wherein R is the moving radius of a circle of cutterhead, r _CBe the formative radius of outer cutter, the M point is the pitch curve mid point, and T is the point of contact of circle and fixed circle; V ', λ ', μ ', η ' are and r ' _CPairing auxiliary angle;

When processing the steamboat concave surface that matches with the bull wheel convex surface, be ψ according to helical angle, outer cutter formative radius is r ' _CCalculate its cutting parameter; When processing the steamboat convex surface that matches with the bull wheel concave surface, be ψ ' according to helical angle then, interior cutter formative radius is r _CCalculate its cutting parameter; Reserve the scraping surplus when scraping adds the soft flank of tooth of work gear then;

As Δ r ₂＞0 o'clock attenuate transverse tooth thickness, Δ r ₂＜0 o'clock thickening transverse tooth thickness.

6. processing method according to claim 5 is characterized in that described steamboat adds man-hour with two-sided method, uses tilt mechanism and non-standard cutter head; Described steamboat adds man-hour with single side method, utilizes the processing of standard cutter head.

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