CN102179375A - Nondestructive detecting and screening method based on near-infrared for crop single-grain components - Google Patents
Nondestructive detecting and screening method based on near-infrared for crop single-grain components Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a nondestructive detecting and screening method based on near-infrared for crop single-grain components, and the method comprises the following steps: acquiring a database for single-grain components of different materials, by utilizing a known ration detection process for the chemical components of crop single-grain; collecting near-infrared spectrum information of the known single-grain component materials; establishing a component identifying model corresponding to the single-grain component and the near-infrared spectrum information; and in the detection process, detecting the spectrum of a to-be-detected sample firstly, and then comparing with the identifying model and analyzing so as to acquire the component of the to-be-detected sample, and lastly automatically screening. The high-throughput nondestructive detection on chemical matters and chemical pollutants is realized on the basis of single-grain level, wherein the chemical matters contain starch, protein, fat, and the like. The method can be used for nondestructively selecting mutant and genetic segregation groups and detecting pollutants, thereby supplying a new method for ensuring the safety of crop heredity breading and the safety of agricultural products.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the crops technical field of nondestructive testing, be specifically related to a kind of based on near-infrared crop single grain composition Non-Destructive Testing screening technique.
Technical background
Dynamic Non-Destruction Measurement (Nondestructive Determination Techonologies; be called for short NDT) be an emerging comprehensive application branch of learning; under the prerequisite of not destroying or damage detected object; utilize sample interior textural anomaly or defective to have caused variation to reactions such as heat, sound, light, electricity, magnetic; survey its inside and blemish, and judgement and evaluation are made in type, character, quantity, shape, position, size, distribution and the variation thereof of defective.According to the difference of Non-Destructive Testing principle, detection method is broadly divided into Optical characteristics method, acoustic characteristic analytic approach, machine vision technique detection method, electrology characteristic analytic approach, magnetic resonance detection technology and X ray detection technique etc.
Infrared spectrum in the Optical characteristics method and Raman spectroscopy can carry out nondestructive analysis to sample, have that specimen is untouchable, non-destructive, detection sensitivity height, the time is short, the sample aequum is little and sample need not characteristics such as preparation, in analytic process not can to sample cause the chemistry, machinery, photochemistry and heat decomposition, be one of the research focus in analysis science field.
In recent years, near-infrared spectrum technique is very extensive in the application of aspects such as the attributional analysis of agricultural product Non-Destructive Testing especially crops and residues of pesticides.
Abroad, as far back as the beginning of the sixties, the Norris of instrument research department of United States Department of Agriculture etc. at first utilizes moisture, protein, the fatty equal size in the near-infrared spectrum technique mensuration cereal, and is devoted to the research that near-infrared spectrum technique is used in the pesticide herd product attributional analysis.Up to now, the experimental program of many near-infrared spectrum analysis and computational methods have become the standard method of AOCA (Association of Official Analytical Chemists).U.S. cereal chemistry association has ratified the mensuration that near-infrared method is used for aleuronat October nineteen eighty-two, international cereal science technological associations have stipulated that near-infrared measures the detailed procedure of wheat and flour protein and moisture.Announce in 1995,1996 by U.S. ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials) successively based on the practical detailed rules and regulations of the qualitative and quantitative analytical standard of Chemical Measurement.The residues of pesticides aspect, Saranwong etc. (2005,2007) utilization sample is done (DESIR) sample pre-treatments technology of extracting, and the Euparen bactericide has been carried out near infrared spectrum detected research.The concentration range of pesticide sample is from 2～90 μ g*mL-1 (ppm), and concentration is spaced apart 2 μ g*mL
-1On the sample solution with 2mL joins filter paper in the polystyrene culture dish, again with solution oven dry back in the culture dish directly during the diffuse reflection spectrum of measurement filter paper, the best results of the near-infrared spectrum analysis model of foundation, the SEP of calibration model is 6158 μ g*mL
-1
At home, near-infrared spectrum technique is also very active in crop quality application study analytically.Yan Yanlu etc. (1990) use Fourier transform near-infrared diffuse reflection spectrum analytical method and have measured 17 kinds of compositions such as the protein of crops such as millet, corn, wheat, amino acid, fat, have obtained good effect.Li Daqun etc. (1990) utilize the near-infrared diffuse reflection spectrum analytical technology to measure soybean and protein content of wheat, used 35 soybean varieties and 77 wheat breeds to set up forecast model respectively as calibration sample, the coefficient correlation of near-infrared measured value and actual value reaches 0.967 and 0.984 respectively, and standard deviation is respectively 0.826 and 0.348.Peng Yukui etc. (1997) compare mensuration with near-infrared method to 124 wheat breed grain quality compositions, and showing to record between moisture, crude protein, crude fibre, lysine content and the conventional method measurement result of wheat samples with near-infrared spectral analysis technology has higher degree of correlation.The king becomes (2000) to utilize the Fourier transform near-infrared diffuse reflection spectrum to measure the barley grain crude protein content, set up mathematical prediction model with 40 barley samples, the coefficient correlation of predicted value and measured value is 0.989,40 independent sample are predicted, the coefficient correlation of predicted value and measured value is 0.969, confirms that the model of being set up has the better prediction degree of accuracy.The amylose of rice paddy seed and the mensuration of amylopectin content, the mensuration of soybean, rape fat constituent, and the mensuration of vitamin, carbohydrate has all successfully been used near-infrared spectral analysis technology in the fruit and vegetable.The residues of pesticides aspect, the sample pretreating method that Xuemei etc. (2007) also utilize the silica gel enrichment to purify is adsorbed onto the determinand urethanes of low concentration in the silica gel, and measures its near-infrared diffuse reflection spectrum, at the PLS model that 1920～1970nm wave band is set up, concentration 0100～1100mg*L
-1The validation-cross error of 20 interior samples is 011152mg*L
-1Shen Fei etc. (2009) adopt near infrared spectroscopic method to be directly used in the quantitative detection of trace agricultural chemicals phoxim.
In the progress of crop kernel composition simple grain context of detection, mainly be utilize near-infrared spectrum analysis not destroy sample, the fast characteristics of finding speed detect complete single seeded quality component.Delwiche (1998) has studied the feasibility of near-infrared method nondestructively measuring wheat single seed protein content.Velasco etc. (1999,2002) the single seeded oil content of fatty acid component, rape, fatty ingredient and the protein content of sunflower simple grain whole seed of having used near-infrared reflection analytical technology nondestructively measuring thinks that the near-infrared non-destructive analysis can obtain reliable result.Open the oil content that the sunshine that gurgles etc. (1998) utilizes the complete simple grain corn seed of nearly Fourier infrared spectrum technology enabling non-destructive determination, obtained the result of certainty.
Can't harm at present the technology that high flux detects on the simple grain level has the photoelectric color screening device that simple grain surface color difference is carried out sorting based on photovoltaic principals, and the successful selecting rice that is applied to.Photoelectric colour sorter utilizes the optics and the colorimetry characteristic of material; from a large amount of specimen materials in bulk; normal or surperficial defective substandard products and foreign material harmless detecting from material will be off color; and the novel mechanical of automatic sorting rejecting; its integrated application new technologies such as electronics, biology, be typical light, mechanical, electrical incorporate high and new technology equipment.Because photoelectric colour sorter is to carry out sorting by color, can improve materials quality largely, therefore adapt to the effect of commodity market uniqueness with fairly obvious.
Yet up to now, the harmless simple grain seed of high flux that Shang Weijian has report crop kernel chemical composition near infrared detection to combine with automatic continuous sorting detects method for separating.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind ofly, on single seeded level, the chemical component difference individuality is carried out sorting based on near-infrared crop single grain composition Non-Destructive Testing screening technique.Realize that on the single grain level chemical substance such as right starch, protein, fat and chemical pollutant carry out the high flux Non-Destructive Testing, this invention can be selected and pollutant detects mutant, hereditary segregating population are harmless, for Crop Genetic Breeding and agricultural product security provide new method.
Near-infrared lossless detection method principle:
Near infrared spectrum mainly passes through the frequency multiplication and the sum of fundamental frequencies absorption spectrum of organic molecule, obtain structure, the composition of molecule, the information of state, and can also obtain the physical state information of the materials such as diameter of the degree of polymerization of density, granularity, polymer of sample and fiber from near-infrared reflection spectrum.Because the absorption near infrared spectrum district mainly is that molecule or atomic vibration fundamental frequency are at 2000cm
-1Above frequency multiplication, sum of fundamental frequencies absorb, so the organic matter near infrared spectrum mainly comprises C-H, N-H, O-H etc. contain the frequency multiplication and the sum of fundamental frequencies absorption band of hydrogen group.These absorption frequency characteristics that contain hydrogen group are strong, are subjected to the influence of molecule internal and external environment little, and very stable in the spectral characteristic of near infrared spectrum district sample.The substantive characteristics of this near infrared spectrum is laid a good foundation for the chemical composition of differentiating crop seed fast.The present invention is applied to near-infrared spectrum technique the Non-Destructive Testing of the chemical composition of thing simple grain, crop sample and spectroscopic data to the known chemical composition carry out correlation analysis, set up the chemical composition of simple grain and colony and differentiate model, and utilization is continuous from a large amount of specimen materials in bulk, fast high-flux is selected know-why, set up the harmless stage apparatus of selecting of near infrared high flux, thereby realize harmless selection of high flux of mutant, hereditary segregating population.
The present invention adopts following technical scheme for achieving the above object:
A kind of based on near-infrared crop single grain composition Non-Destructive Testing screening technique, it is characterized in that: specifically may further comprise the steps:
(1) foundation of standard or reference sample simple grain spectra collection:
At first various standard crop seed samples are carried out near infrared detection, convert the crop seed spectrographic images to sample spectrum master data; Measure the spectrum of various standard crop seed samples; General same sample needs repeatedly duplicate measurements, and the sample of different lot numbers also needs duplicate measurements, and is approximate as this sample standard spectrum with averaged spectrum;
(2) foundation in different materials simple grain compositional data storehouse:
Chemical composition to various standard crop seed samples quantitatively detects, thereby sets up the simple grain compositional data storehouse of various standard crop seed samples;
(3) different materials simple grain composition is differentiated the foundation of model:
Utilize corresponding statistical analysis software, analyze the simple grain compositional data of various standard crop seed samples and the correlation of spectral information thereof, set up the simple grain composition of various standard crop seed samples and the discriminating model of spectral information; Each chemical composition and spectrum threshold value thereof that the crop seed sample simple grain that settles the standard is contained, this threshold value are exactly to identify the standard that whether contains this chemical composition in the new crop seed to be identified;
(4) analysis of crop seed simple grain composition to be identified:
Gather the near infrared light spectrum information of the crop seed simple grain to be identified that is sorting on the conveyer belt, compare analysis with the pairing spectral information of composition of differentiating standard crop seed in the model again, with threshold value as standard, thereby judge whether contain certain chemical composition in the crop seed to be identified;
(5) to the automatic sorting of sample:
If the near infrared spectrum of crop seed to be identified and discriminating model are relatively, meet the expection of setting, crop seed sample then to be identified directly enters the non-defective unit collecting region under the conveying of conveyer belt, otherwise when crop seed sample to be identified arrives the branch constituency, spray valve ejection high velocity air is blown into the substandard products collecting region with it, thereby realizes the automatic screening of sample;
Described crop seed is paddy rice, wheat, corn etc.
Described spectral information has passed through following correction and preliminary treatment:
After obtaining spectral information, carry out spectrum correction, make the quality of standardization, counteracting ambient interferences and the raising spectrum of spectrogram, adopt a kind of, any two kinds or any three kinds among level and smooth, center, differentiate, normalization, polynary scatter correction, SNV, Reduce, the Noise to carry out the spectrum preliminary treatment, adopt which kind of bearing calibration to select according to the quality of spectrum and the situation of interference, preliminary treatment also can amplify the original signal difference of hiding out, improve the resolution ratio of spectrum, it is directly perceived more, reliable that kind is differentiated;
Described comparative analysis is to differentiate that near infrared spectrum several peak groups of the more dependence of qualitative discrimination analysis of crop seed variety or frequency band even full spectrum carry out qualitative discrimination, comprises that the deviation method of weighting, Kruskal-Wallistesting check, principal component analysis, PLS, DPLS, SIMCA, LLM, Fisher differentiation, KNN, wavelet analysis or ANN feature screening technique extract spectral signature to improve the reliability of analyzing identification result.
Described discriminating model is meant: for the crop seed sample of simple grain, determine that unknown sample belongs to a certain kind, adopt pattern-recognition to differentiate, the mode identification method of differentiating crop seed variety is with Fisher differentiation, Bayes differentiation, progressively differentiation, linear learning machine, KNN, SIMCA, DPLS, cluster analysis, least square regression, Euclidean distance or neutral net; Carry out discriminant analysis with pattern-recognition, the spectrum of known different chemical composition standard crop seed sample need be divided into study collection and inspection set two parts, the foundation of division be the study collection with classification kind in the inspection set should be identical, have representativeness widely; Then different chemical composition crop seed sample is carried out initialize according to priori, set up heterogeneity and differentiate model, the performance of coming evaluation model then with inspection set.
The present invention compares the beneficial effect that has with background technology:
1) utilize the spectral technique simple grain to differentiate crop seed chemical composition and agricultural residual, its analysis speed is accelerated greatly.The mensuration process of spectrum generally can be finished in 30 seconds;
2) do not use any chemical reagent, reduced the detection cost, also free from environmental pollution;
3) compare with chemical method, systematic error and human error reduce greatly, have improved certainty of measurement;
4) can handle a large amount of and simple grain sample analysis, save time, detection technique can be good at mutant, genetic group are followed the tracks of detection in real time;
5) can can't harm discriminating to analyzing samples, the crop after the discriminating still can be used for plantation, produce.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the exemplary spectrum curve map of crop seed simple grain.
The flow diagram of Fig. 2 the inventive method.
The specific embodiment
At first, peripheral hardware energising, the control computer booting, the start-up system control module is to the near-infrared nondestructive detection system with transport the unit and the go-on-go unit carries out initialization.After initialization was finished, the seed supply unit of system was with seed to be detected proper alignment on conveyer belt, and conveyer belt moves to the near infrared detection unit with first seed, obtained its corresponding near-infrared collection of illustrative plates.Compared in this collection of illustrative plates and the master pattern storehouse of setting up early stage then, judge whether to meet the requirements.Afterwards, conveyer belt continues to forward, and next seed is delivered to the near infrared detection unit, and the seed of Guoing is delivered to the letter sorting unit after testing.If undesirable, this seed will be blown in the receiving vessel A by the high velocity air of a miniature spray valve ejection of special high speed, otherwise this seed will directly be delivered in the another one receiving vessel B along with the motion of conveyer belt.The systemic circulation operation, thus realization is to the automatic Non-Destructive Testing of vegetable seeds.In order to improve detection efficiency, can realize by increasing port number.
Claims (4)
1. one kind based on near-infrared crop single grain composition Non-Destructive Testing screening technique, it is characterized in that: specifically may further comprise the steps:
(1) foundation of standard or reference sample simple grain spectra collection:
At first various standard crop seed samples are carried out near infrared detection, convert spectrographic images to sample spectrum master data; Measure the spectrum of various standard crop seed samples; General same sample needs repeatedly duplicate measurements, and the sample of different lot numbers also needs duplicate measurements, and is approximate as this sample standard spectrum, to set up standard or reference sample simple grain spectra collection with averaged spectrum;
(2) foundation in different materials simple grain compositional data storehouse:
Chemical composition to various standard crop seed samples quantitatively detects, thereby sets up the simple grain compositional data storehouse of various standard crop seed samples;
(3) different materials simple grain composition is differentiated the foundation of model:
Utilize corresponding statistical analysis software, analyze the simple grain compositional data of various standard crop seed samples and the correlation of spectral information thereof, set up the simple grain composition of various standard crop seed samples and the discriminating model of spectral information; Each chemical composition and spectrum threshold value thereof that the crop seed sample simple grain that settles the standard is contained, this threshold value are exactly to identify the standard that whether contains this chemical composition in the new crop seed to be identified;
(4) analysis of crop seed simple grain composition to be identified:
Gather the near infrared light spectrum information of the crop seed simple grain to be identified that is sorting on the conveyer belt, compare analysis with the pairing spectral information of composition of differentiating standard crop seed in the model again, with threshold value as standard, thereby judge whether contain certain chemical composition and size thereof in the crop seed to be identified;
(5) to the automatic sorting of sample:
If the near infrared spectrum of crop seed to be identified and discriminating model are relatively, meet the expection of setting, crop seed sample then to be identified directly enters the non-defective unit collecting region under the conveying of conveyer belt, otherwise when crop seed sample to be identified arrives the branch constituency, spray valve ejection high velocity air is blown into the substandard products collecting region with it, thereby realizes the automatic screening of sample;
Described crop seed is paddy rice, wheat, corn etc.
2. according to claim 1 based on near-infrared crop single grain composition Non-Destructive Testing screening technique, it is characterized in that:
Described spectral information has passed through following correction and preliminary treatment:
After obtaining spectral information, carry out spectrum correction, make the quality of standardization, counteracting ambient interferences and the raising spectrum of spectrogram, adopt a kind of, any two kinds or any three kinds among level and smooth, center, differentiate, normalization, polynary scatter correction, SNV, Reduce, the Noise to carry out the spectrum preliminary treatment, adopt which kind of bearing calibration to select according to the quality of spectrum and the situation of interference, preliminary treatment also can amplify the original signal difference of hiding out, improve the resolution ratio of spectrum, it is directly perceived more, reliable that kind is differentiated;
3. according to claim 1 based on near-infrared crop single grain composition Non-Destructive Testing screening technique, it is characterized in that:
Described comparative analysis is to differentiate that near infrared spectrum several peak groups of the more dependence of qualitative discrimination analysis of crop seed variety or frequency band even full spectrum carry out qualitative discrimination, comprises that the deviation method of weighting, Kruskal-Wallistesting check, principal component analysis, PLS, DPLS, SIMCA, LLM, Fisher differentiation, KNN, wavelet analysis or ANN feature screening technique extract spectral signature to improve the reliability of analyzing identification result.
4. according to claim 1 based on near-infrared crop single grain composition Non-Destructive Testing screening technique, it is characterized in that:
Described discriminating model is meant: for the crop seed sample of simple grain, determine that unknown sample belongs to a certain kind, adopt pattern-recognition to differentiate, the mode identification method of differentiating crop seed variety is with Fisher differentiation, Bayes differentiation, progressively differentiation, linear learning machine, KNN, SIMCA, DPLS, cluster analysis, least square regression, Euclidean distance or neutral net; Carry out discriminant analysis with pattern-recognition, the spectrum of known different chemical composition standard crop seed sample need be divided into study collection and inspection set two parts, the foundation of division be the study collection with classification kind in the inspection set should be identical, have representativeness widely; Then different chemical composition crop seed sample is carried out initialize according to priori, set up heterogeneity and differentiate model, the performance of coming evaluation model then with inspection set.
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