CN102175437A - Buckling test device for deepwater submarine conduit - Google Patents
Buckling test device for deepwater submarine conduit Download PDFInfo
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- CN102175437A CN102175437A CN 201110008538 CN201110008538A CN102175437A CN 102175437 A CN102175437 A CN 102175437A CN 201110008538 CN201110008538 CN 201110008538 CN 201110008538 A CN201110008538 A CN 201110008538A CN 102175437 A CN102175437 A CN 102175437A
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Abstract
本发明属于深海石油开发开采及运输技术领域,涉及一种深水海底管道屈曲试验装置,包括由主舱体、前端舱盖、舱体尾端舱盖构成的压力舱,前端舱盖和尾端舱盖分别连接在主舱体的两端,在前端舱盖和尾端舱盖的内侧均设置有密封圈,在前端舱盖上固定有油压机,油压机的活塞杆穿过前端舱盖伸至主舱体内,活塞杆的端部设置有活塞杆法兰,在主舱体的底部上表面设置有导轨,在导轨上放置有用于运输管道试件的滑车,管道试件的两端连接有管道端部法兰,所述的活塞杆法兰与管道端部法兰相匹配,管道试件的另一端上的管道端部法兰与固定在舱体尾端舱盖上的顶底法兰相匹配。本发明可以模拟深海高压环境,进行多种载荷作用下管道屈曲试验。
The invention belongs to the technical field of deep-sea oil development and transportation, and relates to a buckling test device for a deep-water submarine pipeline, comprising a pressure chamber composed of a main cabin, a front hatch, and a rear hatch of the cabin, the front hatch and the rear hatch The covers are respectively connected to the two ends of the main cabin body. Sealing rings are provided on the inner sides of the front hatch and the rear hatch. A hydraulic press is fixed on the front hatch. The piston rod of the hydraulic press extends through the front hatch to the main compartment. In the body, the end of the piston rod is provided with a piston rod flange, and a guide rail is provided on the bottom upper surface of the main cabin, and a pulley for transporting the pipeline test piece is placed on the guide rail, and the two ends of the pipeline test piece are connected with the pipe end Flange, the described piston rod flange matches with the pipeline end flange, and the pipeline end flange on the other end of the pipeline test piece matches with the top and bottom flanges fixed on the rear end hatch cover of the cabin body. The invention can simulate the deep-sea high-pressure environment, and carry out buckling tests of pipelines under various loads.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于深海石油开发开采及运输技术领域,涉及一种海底管道屈曲试验装置。The invention belongs to the technical field of deep sea oil development and transportation, and relates to a buckling test device for a submarine pipeline.
背景技术Background technique
海洋环境尤其是深海环境条件复杂多样,海底管道不仅承受自重、外部静水压力、内部压力、介质温度、预应力、管线附件作用力、覆盖物及海床作用力、清管操作引起的作用力等功能性载荷,以及风、浪、流、冰(对于立管或登陆管线段)和地震等环境载荷,还要面临极端海况、船舶碰撞、落物、沙土液化、操作故障等偶然载荷的挑战。铺设于深水区域的管线极有可能在外载荷的作用下出现失效,如管线悬跨段的屈服失效、由于深水区域的高静水压力以及轴向力导致的管道屈曲、压溃、管道的疲劳失效等。海底管线一旦因各种原因而导致破损泄漏、断裂等事故的发生,不仅会对国家经济造成巨大损失,而且也对海洋环境造成严重污染。因此,需要对深水海底管道的结构特性等关键技术进行研究。The marine environment, especially the deep sea environment, has complex and diverse conditions. Submarine pipelines not only bear self-weight, external hydrostatic pressure, internal pressure, medium temperature, prestress, force of pipeline accessories, force of covering and seabed, force caused by pigging operation, etc. Functional loads, as well as environmental loads such as wind, waves, currents, ice (for riser or landing pipeline sections) and earthquakes, are also challenged by occasional loads such as extreme sea conditions, ship collisions, falling objects, sand liquefaction, and operational failures. Pipelines laid in deep water areas are very likely to fail under the action of external loads, such as yield failure of the spanning section of the pipeline, buckling, collapse, and fatigue failure of the pipeline due to high hydrostatic pressure and axial force in the deep water area. . Once the submarine pipeline is damaged, leaked or broken due to various reasons, it will not only cause huge losses to the national economy, but also cause serious pollution to the marine environment. Therefore, it is necessary to study key technologies such as the structural characteristics of deepwater submarine pipelines.
目前,深水管道的结构屈曲理论的研究尚处于探索阶段,需要对深水海底管道屈曲机理和条件进行试验研究,以验证和改进屈曲理论。而目前国内外开发了多种用于研究管道屈曲的试验装置,并完善了管道屈曲试验技术。如挪威的钟形压力舱,立式放置,用于测量板的上下两面在静水压力差作用下的屈曲性能,但该压力舱室最高承压只有4Mpa;而国内的915压力筒工作段尺度直径1.5m,工作段长度2.9m,该压力筒同样是立式的,而适用于较长管件并考虑多种载荷组合的管道屈曲试验装置在国内还没有出现。At present, the research on the structural buckling theory of deepwater pipelines is still in the exploratory stage, and experimental research on the buckling mechanism and conditions of deepwater submarine pipelines is needed to verify and improve the buckling theory. At present, a variety of test devices for studying pipeline buckling have been developed at home and abroad, and the pipeline buckling test technology has been perfected. For example, the bell-shaped pressure chamber in Norway is placed vertically to measure the buckling performance of the upper and lower sides of the plate under the action of hydrostatic pressure difference, but the maximum pressure of the pressure chamber is only 4Mpa; while the domestic 915 pressure cylinder has a working section with a diameter of 1.5 m, the length of the working section is 2.9m, the pressure cylinder is also vertical, and the pipeline buckling test device suitable for longer pipe fittings and considering various load combinations has not yet appeared in China.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明目的是提供一种可以模拟深海高压环境,进行多种载荷作用下管道屈曲试验的装置。本发明的技术方案如下:The purpose of the invention is to provide a device capable of simulating the deep-sea high-pressure environment and performing buckling tests of pipelines under various loads. Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
一种深水海底管道屈曲试验装置,用于对管道试件进行屈曲试验,该装置包括由主舱体、前端舱盖、舱体尾端舱盖构成的压力舱,前端舱盖和尾端舱盖分别连接在主舱体的两端,在前端舱盖和尾端舱盖的内侧均设置有密封圈,在前端舱盖上固定有油压系统,油压系统的活塞杆穿过前端舱盖伸至主舱体内,活塞杆的端部设置有活塞杆法兰,在主舱体的底部上表面设置有导轨,在导轨上放置有用于运输管道试件的滑车,管道试件的两端连接有管道端部法兰,所述的活塞杆法兰与管道端部法兰相匹配,管道试件的另一端上的管道端部法兰与固定在舱体尾端舱盖上的顶底法兰相匹配;在压力舱上设置有加压孔、泄压口、注水口、排气口,安全阀、压力传感器开口和测试线路导出口。A buckling test device for deep-water submarine pipelines, used for buckling tests on pipeline specimens, the device includes a pressure chamber composed of a main cabin, a front hatch, and a rear hatch of the cabin, the front hatch and the rear hatch They are respectively connected to the two ends of the main cabin body. Sealing rings are arranged on the inner sides of the front hatch and the tail hatch. An oil pressure system is fixed on the front hatch. The piston rod of the oil pressure system extends through the front hatch. In the main cabin, the end of the piston rod is provided with a piston rod flange, and a guide rail is provided on the bottom upper surface of the main cabin, and a pulley for transporting the pipeline test piece is placed on the guide rail, and the two ends of the pipeline test piece are connected with The pipe end flange, the piston rod flange is matched with the pipe end flange, the pipe end flange on the other end of the pipe test piece and the top and bottom flange fixed on the rear end hatch cover of the cabin body matching; the pressure chamber is provided with a pressurization hole, a pressure relief port, a water injection port, an exhaust port, a safety valve, a pressure sensor opening and a test line outlet.
作为优选实施方式,所述的主舱体由多层钢板捆扎制成;所述的主舱体选用Q345R材料,前端舱盖和尾端舱盖选用20MnMo材料。As a preferred embodiment, the main cabin is made of bundled multi-layer steel plates; the main cabin is made of Q345R material, and the front hatch and tail hatch are made of 20MnMo material.
本发明由于采取以上技术方案,其具有以下优点:1、本发明由于采用先进的捆扎工艺将高强度钢板层层捆扎,每捆扎一层都要用X射线探伤,每层钢板厚度1厘米,总计捆扎24层钢板,总厚度24厘米,保证了舱体具有极强的抗压能力和极高的安全性能。本发明装置可以模拟4300米水深(43Mpa)的深海压力环境,为深水海底管道屈曲试验研究提供了稳定的压力环境。2、本发明在其前端舱盖上安装有轴向的油压机,该油压机可通过其活塞杆上的法兰与内部管件法兰连接,并用油压推动活塞杆对舱体内部的管道试件施加轴向作用力,可以对管件同时加载水压和轴向力,研究载荷组合工况下管道的屈曲。3、本发明总长11.5米,直径1.6米,内部直径1.2米,在其内部可以容纳1∶1真实比例试件进行试验。4、本发明装置舱体内部装有小滑车、高强度钢制导轨,便于管道试件的输送与安装。5、本发明装置上部设有比例式减压安全阀,当舱内水压超过设定的安全压力时,比例式减压安全阀自动喷水,达到迅速卸压、保障安全的目的。The present invention has the following advantages due to the adoption of the above technical scheme: 1. The present invention binds high-strength steel plates layer by layer due to the use of advanced binding technology, and each layer of binding will use X-ray flaw detection. The thickness of each layer of steel plate is 1 cm. 24 layers of steel plates are bundled, with a total thickness of 24 cm, which ensures that the cabin has extremely strong compression resistance and high safety performance. The device of the invention can simulate the deep-sea pressure environment with a water depth of 4300 meters (43Mpa), and provides a stable pressure environment for buckling test research of deep-water submarine pipelines. 2. The present invention is equipped with an axial hydraulic press on its front hatch cover, which can be connected to the flange of the internal pipe fittings through the flange on its piston rod, and pushes the piston rod with oil pressure to exert pressure on the pipeline test piece inside the cabin. Axial force, hydraulic pressure and axial force can be applied to pipe fittings at the same time, and the buckling of pipes under load combination conditions can be studied. 3. The present invention has a total length of 11.5 meters, a diameter of 1.6 meters, and an inner diameter of 1.2 meters, which can accommodate a 1:1 true ratio test piece for testing. 4. Small pulleys and high-strength steel guide rails are installed inside the device cabin of the present invention, which is convenient for the transportation and installation of pipeline test pieces. 5. The upper part of the device of the present invention is equipped with a proportional decompression safety valve. When the water pressure in the cabin exceeds the set safety pressure, the proportional decompression safety valve will automatically spray water to achieve the purpose of quickly releasing pressure and ensuring safety.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明主体结构示意图。Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the main structure of the present invention.
图2是图1的A向剖视图,即前端舱盖结构图。Fig. 2 is a sectional view along the line A of Fig. 1 , that is, a structural view of the front hatch.
图3是图1的A-A向剖面图。Fig. 3 is a sectional view taken along line A-A of Fig. 1 .
图4是本发明的尾端舱盖图。Fig. 4 is the rear end hatch cover figure of the present invention.
图5(a)和(b)分别为导轨侧视图和俯视图。Figure 5(a) and (b) are the side view and top view of the guide rail, respectively.
本发明装置的主要结构件用图中数字表示,装置配件用字母表示,含义如下:The main structural parts of the device of the present invention are represented by numbers in the figure, and the accessories of the device are represented by letters, and the meanings are as follows:
1——舱体前端油压机1——Hydraulic press at the front end of the cabin
2、3、4——用于油压机安装连接的螺柱、螺母及垫圈2, 3, 4 - Studs, nuts and washers for installation and connection of hydraulic presses
5、60——型垫圈5, 60 - type washer
7——用于安装紧固前端舱盖的双头大螺柱,共16个,每根螺柱直径120mm,长度1m7——A total of 16 double-headed large studs used to install and fasten the front hatch cover, each stud has a diameter of 120mm and a length of 1m
8——前端舱盖大螺柱配备的六角螺母8——The hexagonal nut equipped with the large stud of the front hatch cover
9——球面垫圈9——Spherical Washer
10——前端舱盖10——Front hatch cover
11——活塞杆法兰11—piston rod flange
12——管道试件端部法兰12——Pipeline test piece end flange
13——连接管道试件法兰的螺柱13—Studs connecting the flange of the pipe test piece
14——管件法兰连接螺母14——Pipe fitting flange connection nut
15——主舱体15——Main cabin
16——舱内滑车16——Inside tackle
17——顶底法兰17——top and bottom flange
18——尾端大螺柱18——Large stud at the end
19——尾端大螺母19——Large nut at the end
20——管道试件20—pipe test piece
21——用于连接固定尾端舱盖的双头螺柱21——Stud studs for connecting and fixing the rear end hatch cover
22——尾端舱盖螺柱配套螺母22——The supporting nut of the rear hatch cover stud
23——尾端螺母配套垫圈23——Assembly washer for end nut
24——舱体尾端舱盖24——Hatch cover at the rear end of the cabin
25——舱内导轨25——Inner rail
26——导轨轨道26——Guide track
27——导轨枕板27——rail sleeper board
28——前端舱盖吊耳28——Front hatch cover lug
a——安全阀门a——safety valve
b——排气口b——exhaust port
c——注水口c——Water injection port
d——加压孔d——pressure hole
e——泄压口e——Pressure relief port
f——压力传感器开口f——pressure sensor opening
g1、g2、g3、g4、g5——测试线路导出口g1, g2, g3, g4, g5 - test line export
h——排水阀h——drain valve
i1、i2——舱体尾端压力表i1, i2——pressure gauge at the tail end of the cabin
j——尾端排气阀j——tail exhaust valve
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图对本发明进行详细的描述。The present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
如图1、图2、图3、图4所示,本发明内部可模拟深海高压环境进行深海试件试验,并可用配备的油压机对内部试件施加轴向作用力,其承压能力43Mpa,总长11.5米,直径1.6米,卧式安装,以水为内部压力介质。本发明包括主舱体15、前端舱盖10、舱体尾端舱盖24、舱体前端油压系统1几个主要部分,用于模拟深海压力环境;还包括,可利用舱体前端油压系统1对放入舱体中的管道试件20施加轴向的拉压力;为了保证舱体的密闭性,采用7,8,9,18,19等螺栓螺母零件进行连接和密封;由于管道屈曲试验的需要,配备了法兰11,17与管道试件端部法兰12来连接和固定,舱内滑车16、舱内导轨25用于运送和支撑管道试件;管件上各个测点采集试验数据的信号线通过g1、g2、g3、g4、g5测试线路导出口导出、舱内水压测试线路由f压力传感器开口导导出;由c注水口向舱体内部注水、j尾端排气阀和b排气口排出舱内空气;d加压孔向舱内加压进行试验;试验结束后由e泄压口卸压、h排水阀排水;本发明装置还包括a安全阀,当舱体内水压异常,超过设定的安全极限时,该阀自动喷水,使本发明装置内部迅速降压。As shown in Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3 and Fig. 4, the interior of the present invention can simulate the deep-sea high-pressure environment for deep-sea test piece test, and the equipped hydraulic machine can be used to apply axial force to the internal test piece, and its pressure bearing capacity is 43Mpa. The total length is 11.5 meters and the diameter is 1.6 meters. It is installed horizontally and uses water as the internal pressure medium. The present invention includes several main parts of the main cabin body 15, the front hatch cover 10, the cabin rear end hatch cover 24, and the cabin front end oil pressure system 1, which are used to simulate the deep sea pressure environment; System 1 applies axial tensile pressure to the pipeline test piece 20 placed in the cabin; in order to ensure the airtightness of the cabin, bolts and nuts such as 7, 8, 9, 18, and 19 are used for connection and sealing; To meet the needs of the test, flanges 11, 17 are equipped with flanges 12 at the end of the pipe test piece to connect and fix, and the cabin trolley 16 and cabin guide rail 25 are used to transport and support the pipeline test piece; The signal line of the data is exported through the g1, g2, g3, g4, g5 test line export, the water pressure test line in the cabin is guided by the f pressure sensor opening; the c water injection port is used to inject water into the cabin, j the tail end exhaust valve and b exhaust port to discharge the air in the cabin; d pressure hole pressurizes the cabin for testing; after the test is completed, the pressure relief port is released by the e pressure relief port, and the h drain valve drains; the device of the present invention also includes a safety valve. When the water pressure is abnormal and exceeds the set safety limit, the valve will automatically spray water, so that the internal pressure of the device of the present invention is rapidly reduced.
本发明装置制作及组装方法:Manufacturing and assembly method of the device of the present invention:
本发明装置的主舱体15部分采用多层捆扎工艺制造,即在大型卷板机上将1厘米厚的钢板卷成圆柱壳状,再将钢板一层层焊接起来,每焊接一层都要用X射线探伤,确认没有伤痕、沙眼等再进行下一层焊接。共捆扎24层,主舱体总厚度达到24厘米,主舱体前端敞口,要由单独制作的前端舱盖封闭;尾端开一160mm直径的孔,以便试验时管件尾端固定、安装,尾端开孔由尾端螺柱18、尾端螺母19和舱体尾端舱盖24密封。主舱体选用Q345R材料。The
前端舱盖10采用锻造工艺制作,保证其强度如图2所示,前端舱盖上开了16个大螺栓开孔。前端舱盖要经常开启与闭合,选用20MnMo材料。The
舱体尾端舱盖24同样采用锻造工艺,上开16个小螺栓孔。The hatch cover 24 at the tail end of the cabin body also adopts a forging process, and 16 small bolt holes are opened on it.
由于舱体内部充满水再加压,因此要保证前后端盖在高压下的水密性,因此在前后端盖上各紧固了一层铝制密封圈。Since the interior of the cabin is filled with water and then pressurized, the watertightness of the front and rear end covers under high pressure must be ensured, so a layer of aluminum sealing rings are respectively fastened on the front and rear end covers.
在舱体内底部沿舱体轴向焊接舱内导轨25,如图5所示,该导轨包括两根长8m的平行轨道、在轨道轴向每间隔700mm焊接一个矩形枕板。轨道由直径68mm,厚度10mm的钢管制成,枕板厚度16mm。导轨有足够的长度运送管道试件,同时导轨本身也有足够的强度来抵抗高水压和支撑管件。In the bottom of the cabin, the
当本发明装置各个零部件制作并焊接好后,进行油压机、前后端盖、各个阀门和配套设备与主舱体的组装,具体方法如下:After each part of the device of the present invention is made and welded, carry out the assembling of hydraulic press, front and rear end covers, each valve and supporting equipment and main cabin body, concrete method is as follows:
使用油压机连接螺柱2、螺母3、垫圈4将油压机1与前端舱盖10紧固连接;主舱体前端延圆周均匀开有16个内螺纹开孔,是与前端大螺柱7的尺寸、间距对应的,再将16根前端舱盖双头大螺柱的一头拧进主舱体前端;将a安全阀用连接法兰装在主舱体上部,将配套的排气阀与本发明装置上的b排气口连接,注水泵与c注水口连接,加压泵与本发明装置的d加压孔连接,泄压阀与e连接,在舱体尾端安装好j尾端排气阀;在舱体尾端安装好i1,i压力表2;并将压力传感器测试线、应变数据传输线分别穿过f压力传感器开口、g1-5测试线路导出口;将舱体尾端大螺柱18、尾端大螺母19置于舱体外部,最后将前后端盖闭合,紧固前后端盖螺母,完成本发明装置的组装。Use the hydraulic press to connect the studs 2, nuts 3, and washers 4 to securely connect the hydraulic press 1 to the front hatch cover 10; the front end of the main cabin body is evenly opened with 16 internal thread openings along the circumference, which are the size of the large stud 7 at the front end, If the spacing is corresponding, one of the 16 front end hatch cover double-headed large studs is screwed into the front end of the main cabin body; the a safety valve is installed on the upper part of the main cabin body with the connecting flange, and the matching exhaust valve is connected with the device of the present invention The b exhaust port on the top is connected, the water injection pump is connected with the c water injection port, the booster pump is connected with the d pressurization hole of the device of the present invention, the pressure relief valve is connected with e, and the j tail end exhaust valve is installed at the tail end of the cabin Install i1 and i pressure gauge 2 at the tail end of the cabin body; and pass the pressure sensor test line and the strain data transmission line through the f pressure sensor opening and the g1-5 test line export respectively; put the large stud 18 at the cabin body tail end 1. The
本发明装置使用方法如下:The method of use of the device of the present invention is as follows:
本发明装置主要用于模拟深海高压环境,并可对内部试件施加轴向力载荷进行深水海底管道屈曲试验。可分成如下几步:The device of the invention is mainly used for simulating the deep-sea high-pressure environment, and can apply an axial force load to an internal test piece to carry out buckling tests of deep-sea submarine pipelines. It can be divided into the following steps:
1、将已经处理好的管道试件20用天车等辅助工具吊起,管件两端此时已经焊接好端部法兰12,管件尾端法兰与尾端大螺柱上的顶底法兰17连接并使用配套螺柱、螺母紧固。将舱内滑车16滑到舱体前端口,再借助天车等工具将管件尾端和大螺柱连接处搭在舱内滑车上。1. Lift the
2、管道试件端部法兰12与油压机活塞杆上的法兰11连接并使用配套螺柱、螺母紧固,为保证两个法兰面对齐,将法兰上的螺母用对角法依次紧固。2. The flange 12 at the end of the pipeline test piece is connected to the flange 11 on the piston rod of the hydraulic press and fastened with supporting studs and nuts. To ensure the alignment of the two flange faces, the nuts on the flange are diagonally Tighten sequentially.
3、管件上的数据采集线由g1-5测试线路导出口导出。3. The data acquisition line on the pipe fitting is exported from the g1-5 test line export port.
4、借助天车或者拖车等辅助工具将连接好的前端舱盖10、管道试件20、尾端大螺柱18整体送往舱内,此时,托着管件的舱内滑车沿着舱内导轨25缓缓滑向舱体尾部。4. Send the connected
5、要确保尾端大螺柱18穿出舱体尾端开口,已预先安装在舱体前端的16个大螺栓也能穿过前舱盖的螺栓孔,当尾端大螺柱穿出后,将尾端大螺母19装在尾端大螺柱上并拧紧,再扣上舱体尾端舱盖24,用配套的螺柱21、22、23,螺母及垫圈将舱体尾端密封。5. Make sure that the large studs 18 at the end pass through the opening at the rear of the cabin. The 16 large bolts that have been pre-installed at the front of the cabin can also pass through the bolt holes of the front hatch. When the large studs at the end pass through , the tail end
6、球面垫圈9、大螺母8一次套在前端舱盖大螺柱上,并借助液压拉伸器或液压扳手等工具将大螺母拧紧,完成前端舱盖的紧固。6.
7、检查各个阀门是否关闭,然后打开j尾端排气阀、b排气口,随后通过c注水口向舱体内注水,观察到j尾端排气阀有水流出时,尾端舱盖内部气体排出,关闭该排气阀。当观察到b上部排气口有水流出时,整个舱体空气已经排尽,关闭该排气口,再关闭注水口。舱内注水完成。7. Check whether each valve is closed, then open the exhaust valve at the j tail end and the exhaust port b, and then fill the cabin with water through the water injection port c. Gas is exhausted, close the exhaust valve. When it is observed that water flows out from the exhaust port on the upper part of b, the air in the whole cabin has been exhausted, and the exhaust port is closed, and then the water injection port is closed. The water filling in the cabin is completed.
8、打开d加压口,向舱体内部加压,由于舱内是密封的,通过加压泵向舱内打水就使舱内水压持续上升,通过外部系统采集试验数据,直到试验结束。8. Open the pressurization port d to pressurize the inside of the cabin. Since the cabin is sealed, the water pressure in the cabin will continue to rise by pumping water into the cabin through the pressurization pump, and the test data will be collected through the external system until the end of the test. .
9、试验结束后,打开e泄压口将舱内水压降为0,再打开舱体下部的h排水阀排水,依次打开舱体尾端舱盖和前端舱盖,拆卸管道试件,完成一次试验。9. After the test, open the e pressure relief port to reduce the water pressure in the cabin to 0, then open the h drain valve at the lower part of the cabin to drain water, open the rear hatch and front hatch of the cabin in turn, remove the pipe test piece, and complete a test.
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