CN102171149A - 生产苏打化学品的组合固体废物、二氧化碳生石灰喷射、盐水和反渗透/离子交换法 - Google Patents

生产苏打化学品的组合固体废物、二氧化碳生石灰喷射、盐水和反渗透/离子交换法 Download PDF

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CN102171149A
CN102171149A CN2008801312588A CN200880131258A CN102171149A CN 102171149 A CN102171149 A CN 102171149A CN 2008801312588 A CN2008801312588 A CN 2008801312588A CN 200880131258 A CN200880131258 A CN 200880131258A CN 102171149 A CN102171149 A CN 102171149A
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T·R·费尔哈特
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Abstract

本拟议的发明利用了传统的化学方程式,其中二氧化碳CO2与生石灰Ca(OH)2反应生成小苏打NaHCO3,并利用高级膜和树脂技术将其浓缩至6%。本发明需要三种化学品CO2、Ca(OH)2和氯化钠NaCl以生产NaHCO3。许多工业方法的输出缺乏废物热量,和在许多种情况下缺乏CO2,而本发明将固体废物处理装置与允许固体产物或高%溶液产生的上述方法组合。废物热源的利用可导致高效生产NaHCO3、Na2CO3和NaOH。该方法不是氯碱电化学法或苏尔柱氨处理技术。高级膜利用反渗透和纳滤系统的技术,而树脂技术利用离子交换系统。因此,我们简便地称其为固体废物-生石灰膜SWQM法。

Description

生产苏打化学品的组合固体废物、二氧化碳生石灰喷射、盐水和反渗透/离子交换法
摘要
本拟议的发明利用了传统的化学方程式,其中二氧化碳CO2与生石灰Ca(OH)2反应生成小苏打NaHCO3,并利用高级膜和树脂技术将其浓缩至6%。本发明需要三种化学品CO2、Ca(OH)2和氯化钠NaCl以生产NaHCO3。许多工业方法的输出缺乏废物热量,和在许多种情况下缺乏CO2,而本发明将固体废物处理装置与允许固体产物或高%溶液产生的上述方法组合。废物热源的利用可导致高效生产NaHCO3、Na2CO3和NaOH。该方法不是氯碱电化学法或苏尔柱氨处理技术。高级膜利用反渗透和纳滤系统的技术,而树脂技术利用离子交换系统。因此,我们简便地称其为固体废物-生石灰膜(solid waste-quicklimemembrane)SWQM法。
技术领域和背景信息
在固体废物处理和小苏打(soda carb)NaHCO3的生产中利用盐水和高级膜(advanced membrane)和树脂技术。
本发明利用传统的方程式,其中CO2与生石灰Ca(OH)2反应生成碳酸氢钙Ca(HCO3)2清澈溶液,如:
Ca(OH)2+2CO2→Ca(HCO3)2
然后通过阳离子交换系统处理碳酸氢钙(500至1000ppm),生成小苏打(500至1000ppm),如:
Ca(HCO3)2+2R-Na+→2NaHCO3+R-Ca++
盐度8至12%的盐水的存在至关重要,因为其用于使阳离子交换剂再生,如:
R-Ca+++2NaCl→2R-Na++CaCl2
产生的小苏打溶液为低百分率,即0.05至0.1%,并且需要被浓缩至~6%。浓缩过程利用反渗透系统进行,其中小苏打溶液经过多级传递,直到最终浓度输出在6%上下。
工业上6%的浓度对于经济地提取固体来说很低,是膜技术的主要 瓶颈。膜技术到达6%以上的困难在于使膜恶化的高压。即使在周围应 用再压缩蒸发,也需要1MW生产一吨固体产物。在本发明中,最显著 的热源是由固体废物焚化散发的热量。
本发明如何解决技术问题的说明
固体废物、废盐水和废CO2是全世界人类社会面临的主要问题。本拟议的发明试图将这三种废物问题引入一种工业方法,形成绿色的解决方案,同时产生经济利益。绿色的解决方案通过上述多种废物的大量消除而实现。经济利益来自出售苏打日用化学品,作为组合方法的副产物。某种意义上,SWQM法可作为全球用于生产小苏打NaHCO3和苏打灰Na2CO3的传统苏尔(Solvay)法的替代选择。苏尔法利用有毒的氨气和复合柱系统提取所述产物。在苏尔法中,将开采的碳酸钙在烘干炉(kiln)中以1200℃加热,以转化为石灰石CaO和CO2。从石灰石CaO生成生石灰Ca(OH)2,而CO2用于小苏打NaHCO3的生产。SWQM法非常不同,在于其不使用氨气,并且用生石灰RONFIE系统(单独的专利)替代复合柱系统。在苏尔法中,CO2必须经纯化,和从CaCO3烘干炉释放,从而在苏尔柱的精确条件下与氨气和盐水溶液反应。SWQM法需要喷射反应器使含有CO2、来自附近工业或固体废物工厂的废气(flue gas)形成气泡。这并不是说如果焚化炉的热量可用于将CaCO3转化为CaO就不能使用CaCO3烘干炉。从焚化炉释放的热量大小取决于垃圾场存在的碳基材料CBM(即,纸、纸板、木材、塑料、橡胶、...等)的数量。CBM的可用性越大,则可执行越多种化学或物理方法以使SWQM成为自足的方法。
发明详述
固体废物蒸汽生产装置的一般示意图如下所示:
Figure BPA00001331841800031
图1固体废物焚化炉的示意图
固体废物焚化的热量可进行以下:
1-热量可将海水煮沸,从而生产6至10%范围内的盐水。相同的盐水可用于苏打6%溶液的生成,而蒸汽用于浓缩或干燥。从这点来说,本发明仅用于所得产物是饮用水和日用苏打化学品的固体废物处理。
2-热量可将用于蒸汽生成的天然水煮沸,并且蒸汽用于浓缩或干燥。注:一吨~150℃的蒸汽煮沸10吨水。
如第(1)点所述,上述大规模固体废物焚化可用于生成用于SWQM法的CO2、盐水和热量。
Figure BPA00001331841800041
图2利用固体废物、海水和生石灰的碳酸氢钠生产装置的示意图
该方法本质上取决于高级膜技术系统,生产碳酸氢钠NaHCO3。因此,其非常不同于利用氨气进行转化的传统苏尔法。以下所示的示意图描述了方法中的不同阶段:
反应器设计:使二氧化碳气喷射穿过反应器中的生石灰水Ca(OH)2,形成碳酸氢钙Ca(HCO3)2溶液。然后使后者经过进一步过滤以去除杂质微粒,然后送至复合膜系统。
复合膜系统:低%溶液得到转化,并浓缩至7%碳酸氢钠溶液。复合膜系统如下运行:
1-离子交换(IE)/反渗透(RO)系统:其中离子交换装置将Ca(HCO3)2溶液转换为NaHCO3溶液。多个RO柱被级联,从而将碳酸氢钠溶液从~0.1%浓缩至~7%。提供了给出整个过程详细质量平衡分析的Excel工作表,参见第6和7页。
2-反渗透(RO)装置,其中三个RO柱被级联,从而将碳酸氢钙溶液从~0.25%浓缩至~8%。RO装置后是反应器混合器,其中~8%Ca(HCO3)2与8至10%NaCl混合,开始NaHCO3沉淀,其中部分溶液被煮沸以使该溶液浓缩。提供了给出整个过程详细质量平衡分析的Excel工作表,参见参见第6和7页。
固体废物处理装置提供的废物热量可将水转化为120至150℃的蒸汽,在固体废物焚化炉上具有蒸发器。蒸汽可用于通过蒸发一半体积将7%的碳酸氢钠溶液转化为干碳酸氢钠。如果废物热量高于220℃,那么7%的碳酸氢钠溶液可被干燥,并转化为苏打灰Na2CO3
该方法所用的离子交换剂从处理过的海水或所产生的盐水中得到再生。在上述示意图中,如果盐水浓度C>10%盐度,那么不需要复合膜和热量交换系统。如果盐水浓度6%<C<9%盐度,那么不需要复合膜,并且可利用热量交换系统使其浓度提高至10%,或者如果更加廉价的话,添加NaCl使C升至10%。如果仅海水可用,那么利用复合膜和热量交换系统分离和使浓度从3.5%增加至10%盐NaCl。
关于此方法的一个重要方面是RO渗透物的循环,其节省了纯水的生产和化学品的供应。可用纯水稀释的废产物——如氯化钙和氯化镁——从复合膜和热量交换系统中产生,并且回到海中,而不破坏海洋环境。在此阶段饮用水的净产量难以估计,并且取决于稀释后Ca++、Mg++盐的政府容许水平。
目的应用和工业应用的其他方法的实例
SWQM法对于放出盐水(即,6至16%之间的盐度),并且缺乏废物热量和CO2源的工业来说最为方便。但是,其也可用于放出有限量CO2的工业,其中来自工厂和固体废物工厂的组合量可用于CO2螯合和苏打化学品生产。固体废物法可大规模运行,其中固体废物焚化可用于生成用于SWQM法的CO2、盐水和热量。

Claims (5)

1.应用传统化学方程式的方法,其中二氧化碳CO2与生石灰Ca(OH)2反应产生小苏打NaHCO3,并利用高级膜和树脂技术将其浓缩至6%。本发明需要三种化学品CO2、Ca(OH)2和氯化钠NaCl以产生NaHCO3。许多工业方法的输出缺乏废物热量,和在许多情况下缺乏CO2,而本发明将固体废物处理装置与允许固体产物或高%溶液产生的上述方法组合。废物热源的利用可导致高效产生NaHCO3、Na2CO3和NaOH。该方法不是氯碱电化学法或苏尔柱氨处理技术。高级膜利用反渗透和纳滤系统的技术,而树脂技术利用离子交换系统。因此,我们简便地称其为固体废物-生石灰膜SWQM法。
2.所述SWQM法,其不使用氨气,并用生石灰RONFIE系统替代复合柱系统。所述SWQM法需要喷射反应器以使废气生成气泡,所述废气含有CO2,来自附近的工业或固体废物工厂。
3.盐水和高级膜和树脂技术在固体废物处理中的应用以及小苏打NaHCO3的产生。
4.所述方法,通过其本发明试图将固体废物、废盐水和废CO2问题引入一种工业方法,形成通过上述多种废物的大量消除而实现的绿色解决方案,同时从出售苏打日用化学品作为组合方法的副产物产生经济利益。
5.所述方法,其本质上取决于高级膜技术系统,从而产生碳酸氢钠NaHCO3,我们要求保护所述方法的以下阶段:
反应器设计:使二氧化碳气喷射穿过反应器中的生石灰水Ca(OH)2,形成碳酸氢钙Ca(HCO3)2溶液。然后使后者经过进一步过滤以去除杂质微粒,然后送至复合膜系统。
复合膜系统:低%溶液得到转化,并浓缩至7%碳酸氢钠溶液。复合膜系统如下运行:
1-离子交换(IE)/反渗透(RO)系统:其中离子交换装置将Ca(HCO3)2溶液转换为NaHCO3溶液。多个RO柱被级联,从而将碳酸氢钠溶液从~0.1%浓缩至~7%。提供了给出整个过程详细质量平衡分析的Excel工作表,参见第6和7页。
2-反渗透(RO)装置,其中三个RO柱被级联,从而将碳酸氢钙溶液从~0.25%浓缩至~8%。RO装置后是反应器混合器,其中~8%Ca(HCO3)2与8至10%NaCl混合,开始NaHCO3沉淀,其中部分溶液被煮沸以浓缩所述溶液。提供了给出整个过程详细质量平衡分析的Excel工作表,参见参见第6和7页。
固体废物处理装置提供的废物热量可将水转化为120至150℃的蒸汽,在固体废物焚化炉上具有蒸发器。蒸汽可用于通过蒸发一半体积将7%的碳酸氢钠溶液转化为干碳酸氢钠。如果废物热量高于220℃,那么7%的碳酸氢钠溶液可被干燥,并转化为苏打灰Na2CO3
所述方法所用的离子交换剂从处理过的海水或所产生的盐水中得到再生。在上述示意图中,如果盐水浓度C>10%盐度,那么不需要复合膜和热量交换系统。如果盐水浓度6%<C<9%盐度,那么不需要复合膜,并且可利用热量交换系统使其浓度提高至10%,或者如果更加廉价的话,添加NaCl使C达10%。如果仅海水可用,那么利用复合膜和热量交换系统分离和使浓度从3.5%增加至10%盐NaCl。
关于所述方法的一个重要方面是循环RO渗透物,其节省了纯水的生产和化学品的供应。可用所述纯水稀释的废产物——如氯化钙和氯化镁——从所述复合膜和热量交换系统中产生,并且回到海中,而不破坏海洋环境。在此阶段饮用水的净产量难以估计,并且取决于稀释后Ca++、Mg++盐的政府容许水平。
CN200880131258.8A 2008-07-23 2008-07-23 生产苏打化学品的组合固体废物、二氧化碳生石灰喷射、盐水和反渗透/离子交换法 Expired - Fee Related CN102171149B (zh)

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CN105263870A (zh) * 2013-05-24 2016-01-20 Omya国际股份公司 制备适用于水再矿化的碳酸氢钙溶液的设备
CN112551552A (zh) * 2020-09-24 2021-03-26 宣城市楷昂化工有限公司 一种用二氧化碳制备氢氧化钠的方法
CN112897553A (zh) * 2021-01-18 2021-06-04 大连东道尔膜技术有限公司 一种高浓盐水为原料制酸碱的装置

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CN105246838A (zh) * 2013-05-24 2016-01-13 Omya国际股份公司 用于制备适用于再矿化脱盐水和天然软水的碳酸氢钙溶液的多批系统
CN105263870A (zh) * 2013-05-24 2016-01-20 Omya国际股份公司 制备适用于水再矿化的碳酸氢钙溶液的设备
CN112551552A (zh) * 2020-09-24 2021-03-26 宣城市楷昂化工有限公司 一种用二氧化碳制备氢氧化钠的方法
CN112897553A (zh) * 2021-01-18 2021-06-04 大连东道尔膜技术有限公司 一种高浓盐水为原料制酸碱的装置

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