CN102171082B - 用于在混合动力汽车中识别内燃机运转的方法和装置 - Google Patents

用于在混合动力汽车中识别内燃机运转的方法和装置 Download PDF

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CN102171082B
CN102171082B CN200980139493.4A CN200980139493A CN102171082B CN 102171082 B CN102171082 B CN 102171082B CN 200980139493 A CN200980139493 A CN 200980139493A CN 102171082 B CN102171082 B CN 102171082B
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combustion engine
interfering signal
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J·潘特林
R·魏斯
J-M·通耶德永
A·胡贝尔
K·克勒普克
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    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60WCONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
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    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
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    • B60W10/04Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
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    • B60W10/00Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/04Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
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    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
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    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于在混合动力汽车中识别运转的内燃机(1)的方法,其中作为第一驱动机组的内燃机(1)和第二驱动机组(2)贡献驱动混合动力汽车。为了在汽车混合驱动中可靠地确认,内燃机是否运行,主动地在内燃机(1)中运转的运行过程中加入干扰信号,并且分析内燃机(1)对所述干扰信号的反应,其中在内燃机(1)对干扰信号没有反应时推断,内燃机(1)没有工作。

Description

用于在混合动力汽车中识别内燃机运转的方法和装置
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于在混合动力汽车中识别内燃机运转的方法,其中作为第一驱动机组的内燃机和第二驱动机组贡献驱动混合动力汽车,本发明还涉及用于执行本方法的装置。
背景技术
具有混合驱动结构的汽车具有内燃机并且作为第二驱动机组大多具有电动机。因此在混合动力汽车行驶运行期间可以由两个驱动机组施加驱动转矩。
如果在内燃机中出现故障时,则可以通过内燃机气缸上的断火识别它们。
内燃机所有气缸上的持续断火在混合动力汽车中不再引起注意,因为第二驱动机组继续保证混合动力汽车的行驶运行。利用已知的不稳定运行方法不能识别所有气缸上的持续断火,因为不稳定运行是最佳的。所有气缸提供相同长度的分段时间。
由DE 10 2006 012 868 A1已知一种用于诊断内燃机断火的方法,它与电动机共同设置在混合动力汽车中。在此内燃机的控制信号与电动机信号耦联,由此通过这些信号可以利用振动分析执行在出现燃烧断火方面的内燃机诊断。
发明内容
按照本发明的用于识别混合动力汽车中内燃机运行的具有权利要求1特征的方法的优点是,可以没有附加部件地识别内燃机在所有气缸上的断火运行,由此能够非常成本有利地分析内燃机的特性。通过本身存在的、控制和调节内燃机运行的发动机控制器主动地加入干扰信号到内燃机运转的运行过程中,并且分析内燃机对所述干扰信号的反应,其中在内燃机对干扰信号没有反应时推断,内燃机没有工作。
在本发明的改进方案中改变内燃机的至少一个燃烧参数并且监控内燃机的不稳定运行,其中在不稳定运行没有由于燃烧参数变化而变化时推断,在内燃机的所有气缸上出现持续的断火。通过主动改变内燃机的燃烧参数迫使提高不稳定运行,对其进行分析。如果内燃机不自动运转,例如在所有气缸上持续断火时是这种情况,则内燃机对燃烧参数的变化没有反应。这意味着,可以证实没有提高不稳定运行,因此这作为故障被识别。
在附加的变型方案中,增强干扰参数。由此附加地实现确信,没有发生燃烧。因此避免提前不正确地停止喷射。利用所述简单的诊断可以立即停止内燃机,用于防止,在热的催化器上出现未燃烧的燃料。
有利地作为燃烧参数主动调整内燃机的至少一个气缸的点火角。主动调整点火角能够简单且快速地实现。在此通过调整范围可以限制对废气变差的影响。
为了在总和中保证混合动力汽车的驱动转矩的临界稳定,这样调整气缸的点火角,即对于给定的气缸数量出现延迟点火,而对于相同数量的气缸出现提前点火。这种短时间地不相同地调整各个气缸的驱动转矩在内燃机运转时导致增加不稳定运行。如果出现这种不稳定运行,则识别内燃机运转,没有不稳定运行,内燃机是未激活的。
为了得到可信和可靠的结果,多次重复调整点火角。
作为燃烧参数为了实现变化的不稳定运行短时间地调整喷射量。
在本发明的另一扩展结构中用于在混合动力汽车中识别内燃机运转的装置由内燃机和第二驱动机组组成,其中作为第一驱动机组的内燃机和第二驱动机组共同地贡献驱动混合动力汽车。为了在汽车混合驱动运行时可靠地确认,内燃机是否运转,设有机构,其主动地加入干扰信号到内燃机运转的运行过程中,并且分析内燃机对所述干扰信号的反应,其中在内燃机对干扰信号没有反应时推断,内燃机没有工作。通过改变发动机控制器中的软件可以容易地产生这种干扰信号,由此识别内燃机的故障行为,无需其它部件。
在本发明的扩展结构中所述机构改变内燃机的至少一个燃烧参数并且监控内燃机的不稳定运行,其中在不稳定运行没有变化时推断,在内燃机的所有气缸上出现持续的断火。如果内燃机对燃烧参数的变化没有反应,这识别为故障并且确认,内燃机没有工作。
在简单且特别成本有利的实施例中通过转速计监控内燃机的不稳定运行。
附图说明
本发明允许大量的实施例。借助于在附图中详细解释其中的一个实施例。附图中:
图1示出具有混合动力装置的汽车的原理图,
图2简示出按照本发明的方法实施例的流程图,
图3示出在点火角和时间上的不稳定运行。
具体实施方式
图1示出具有混合动力装置的汽车的原理图。混合动力装置由内燃机1作为第一驱动单元和电动机2作为第二驱动单元构成。
内燃机1(在这种情况下是4冲程奥托发动机)通过传动系3与变速器4连接,变速器又通过车轮轴6上差速器5驱动车轮7。
电动机2通过自身的传动系8与变速器4连接并由此贡献驱动车轮7并贡献汽车的总转矩。此外电动机2具有自身的电动机控制器9,它连接在混合CAN总线10上,通过它使所有控制器相互通讯,它们影响汽车的混合特有的行驶运行。高压电池12的电池管理系统11也属于此。高压电池12与电动机2连接并且给电动机提供电能。
汽车控制器13通过混合CAN总线10与连接在其上的电动机控制器9和电池管理系统11通讯。此外通过CAN总线14与ESP控制器15和其它未示出的汽车安全系统和汽车的司机辅助系统的控制器连接。
通过网关16使CAN总线14与网关CAN总线17连接,通过它使汽车的各个总线系统相互通讯。
内燃机1的发动机控制器18通过网关CAN总线17和CAN总线14与汽车控制器13连接。
汽车控制器13与转速传感器19和20连接,汽车控制器13从它们得到关于汽车运行的实际运行参数的信息。
在所示布置中对于驱动重要的转矩不仅由内燃机1施加而且由电动机2施加。
借助于图2解释本发明的可能的实施例,利用它要确认,内燃机1是否运行和是否贡献驱动混合动力汽车。
在方框201中假设,在发动机启动后,内燃机1以及电动机2都处于运行并且两者都给混合动力汽车输出驱动转矩。
在方框202中通过发动机控制器18主动地调整内燃机1的点火角。内燃机1具有4个气缸,其中的2个气缸这样调整,使得比正常情况下(最佳的点火角)更迟地点火,这意味着,由这两个气缸只能给汽车有限的驱动转矩。其余两个气缸这样调整,使得提前进行点火,其结果是,更大的驱动转矩给汽车。在驱动转矩方面通过所述的调整四个气缸上的点火角实现一定的临界稳定,由此在汽车驱动特性上不会测到点火角调整。
现在在方框203中监控,四个单个气缸的这种短时间不相同的转矩调整是否导致提高内燃机1不稳定运行,这通过转速传感器19测量并且给到发动机控制器18。不稳定运行表现出不完全均匀的转速信号。
在方框204中发动机控制器18分析内燃机1的转速测量结果。如果由于调整点火角增加内燃机1的不稳定运行,即内燃机1的振幅变大,如图3所示的那样,由此得出,内燃机1是有效的并且至少一个气缸没有点火断火地工作。
但是如果调整点火角后转速测量保持不变,由此识别到,出现故障并且内燃机1不工作,因此这等同于,在所有气缸上有持续断火。
如果识别到这种故障,在方框205中关闭内燃机。
在图3上部的视图中示出通过转速测量检测到的内燃机1的不稳定运行nLR。在中间视图中示出点火角δ并且在下部视图中示出转速n,如同对司机通过汽车中的转速计显示的那样。所有三个视图的横坐标都是时间t。
对于启动内燃机1的时刻不稳定运行以转速的形式在范围A中具有接近恒定的平均值nLR的不稳定运行。对于点火角δ在同一范围A中建立转矩储备M R,用于在激活功能前通过提前调整点火也可以提高转矩。显示给司机的转速n在启动后稳定在恒定的水平。
在范围B中如上所述两个气缸滞后调整(曲线v),两个气缸提前调整(曲线w)。各个气缸的这种不同转矩调整导致增加发动机不稳定运行,即转速nLR。如果出现这种增加,内燃机是有效的。
在主动改变点火角以后在范围C返回到内燃机1的正常运行状态。司机通过显示给他的转速感觉不到这种不稳定运行。

Claims (8)

1.一种用于在混合动力汽车中识别运转的内燃机(1)的方法,其中作为第一驱动机组的内燃机(1)和第二驱动机组(2)贡献驱动混合动力汽车,其中,主动地在内燃机(1)中运转的运行过程中加入干扰信号,并且分析内燃机(1)对所述干扰信号的反应,其中在内燃机(1)对干扰信号没有反应时推断,内燃机(1)没有工作,其特征在于,改变内燃机(1)的至少一个燃烧参数(δ)并且监控内燃机(1)的不稳定运行(nLR),其中在不稳定运行(nLR)没有由于燃烧参数(δ)变化而变化时推断,在内燃机(1)的所有气缸上出现持续的断火。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,作为燃烧参数主动调整内燃机(1)的至少一个气缸的点火角(δ)。
3.如权利要求2所述的方法,其特征在于,这样调整气缸的点火角(δ),使得对于给定的气缸数量出现延迟点火,而对于相同数量的气缸出现提前点火。
4.如权利要求3所述的方法,其特征在于,多次重复调整点火角(δ)。
5.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,作为燃烧参数调整喷射量。
6.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,增强干扰信号或者提高出现干扰信号的频率。
7.用于在混合动力汽车中识别运转的内燃机(1)的装置,其中作为第一驱动机组的内燃机(1)和第二驱动机组(2)贡献驱动混合动力汽车,其中,设有机构(18),其主动地在内燃机(1)中运转的运行过程中加入干扰信号,并且分析内燃机(1)对所述干扰信号的反应,其中在内燃机(1)对干扰信号没有反应时推断,内燃机(1)没有工作,其特征在于,所述机构(18)改变内燃机(1)的至少一个燃烧参数(δ)并且监控内燃机(1)的不稳定运行(nLR),其中在不稳定运行(nLR)没有变化时推断,在内燃机(1)的所有气缸上出现持续的断火。
8.如权利要求7所述的装置,其特征在于,转速计(19)监控内燃机(1)的不稳定运行(nLR)。
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