CN102170303A - Method, device and system for beamforming smart antenna - Google Patents
Method, device and system for beamforming smart antenna Download PDFInfo
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- CN102170303A CN102170303A CN2011100997736A CN201110099773A CN102170303A CN 102170303 A CN102170303 A CN 102170303A CN 2011100997736 A CN2011100997736 A CN 2011100997736A CN 201110099773 A CN201110099773 A CN 201110099773A CN 102170303 A CN102170303 A CN 102170303A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method, a device and a system for beamforming a smart antenna. The method comprises the following steps: calculating a downlink beamforming weight vector UR according to a spatial covariance matrix R corresponding to a channel impulse response matrix H acquired in advance; calculating a downlink beamforming weight vector URm according to a spatial covariance matrix Rm corresponding to a channel impulse response matrix Hm determined after the channel impulse response matrix H is rearranged in a conjugated way; determining a corrected downlink beamforming weight vector by taking the downlink beamforming weight vector UR and downlink beamforming weight vector URm as correct parameters; utilizing a downlink beamforming weight vector U to weight each antenna amplitude phase so as to realize downlink beamforming of a user. The method can reduce multipath signal correlation under the condition of not increasing calculation quantity and not reducing array antenna aperture and can still realize better downlink beamforming even if strong correlative signal exists.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the wave beam forming technical field in the communication technology, relate to a kind of beam form-endowing method, Apparatus and system of smart antenna in particular.
Background technology
Smart antenna is a kind of bilateral antenna, for reduce computation complexity and and improve systematic function, it is mainly used on the base station.It is actually the space characteristics difference of utilizing between the different user of sharing same channel and realizes what channel doubled, the user who uses same channel, same time slot and same code word just can realize the separation of subscriber signal by airspace filter as long as the space characteristics of signal is different.The beam form-endowing method of one of its core technology in smart antenna carries out the weighting of width of cloth phase by the signal that a plurality of array antenna received, and obtains needed controlling antenna wave beam to point, separates with the implementation space.
Smart antenna is installed on the base station as the part of communication system (this communication system can be the TD-SCDMA system), its up diversity reception, downlink employing wave beam forming of carrying out.Traditional wave beam forming technology generally adopts the simple beam figuration, but these methods are not all considered correlation between channels, have reduced channel gain, thereby has influenced the performance of downlink receiver.In order to make full use of the diversity gain of channel, the multi-beam figuration algorithms that adopt carry out wave beam forming respectively to all multipaths more in the prior art.
But, in the radio signal propagation environment of prior art, wireless channel is very complicated, from simple line-of-sight propagation to reflection with various barriers, communication environments such as refraction and multipath, especially under the less situation of angle spread, owing to there is a large amount of coherent signals, and the correlation between the multipath signal is higher, the space characteristics of desired user is affected, and the order disappearance appears in the space covariance matrix that makes the user, cause influence, and then have a strong impact on the down beam shaping performance of system the beamforming algorithm of the power maximal criterion of up received signal of the prior art.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, the invention provides a kind of beam form-endowing method, Apparatus and system of smart antenna, to overcome in the prior art owing to have higher correlation between the multipath signal, the space characteristics and the space covariance matrix of desired user are affected, thereby have a strong impact on the problem of the down beam shaping performance of system.
For achieving the above object, the invention provides following technical scheme:
A kind of beam form-endowing method of smart antenna comprises:
The space covariance matrix R of the channel impulse response matrix H correspondence of each user's that foundation obtains in advance array antenna calculates, and obtains described user's down beam shaping weight vector U
R
Conjugation is reset described channel impulse response matrix H, determines the channel impulse response matrix H
m
According to described channel impulse response matrix H
mCorresponding space covariance matrix R
mCalculate, obtain the down beam shaping weight vector that conjugation is reset the described user in back
Conjugation is reset the down beam shaping weight vector U of front and back
RWith the down beam shaping weight vector
For as corrected parameter, determine revised down beam shaping weight vector
Utilize described down beam shaping weight vector U weighting each day wire spoke phase, to realize described user's down beam shaping.
Preferably, described conjugation is reset the channel impulse response matrix H, determines the channel impulse response matrix H
mProcess comprise:
Obtain the reverse matrix I of unit on M * M rank, and the complex-conjugate matrix H of described impulse response matrix H
*
Determine described channel impulse response matrix H
m=I * H
*
Wherein M represents the base station array antenna number, described complex-conjugate matrix H
*With reverse unit matrix I same order.
Preferably, described channel impulse response matrix H
mCorresponding described space covariance matrix R
mAcquisition process comprise:
Obtain described channel impulse response matrix H
mAssociate matrix (H
m)
H
Determine described space covariance matrix R
m=H
m* (H
m)
H
Preferably, calculate, obtain described user's down beam shaping weight vector U according to described space covariance matrix R
RProcess comprise:
Described space covariance matrix R is carried out singular value decomposition, feature decomposition or QR decompose, obtain eigenvalue of maximum characteristic of correspondence vector among the described space covariance matrix R;
Determine that described characteristic vector is down beam shaping weight vector U
R
Perhaps,
Calculate the array steering vector of described array antenna;
According to described array steering vector described space covariance matrix R is scanned, obtain maximum power, and the array steering vector of described maximum power correspondence;
The array steering vector of determining corresponding described maximum power is down beam shaping weight vector U
R
Preferably, according to described space covariance matrix R
mCalculate, obtain described user's wave beam forming weight vector
Process comprise:
To described space covariance matrix R
mCarry out singular value decomposition, feature decomposition or QR and decompose, obtain described space covariance matrix R
mMiddle eigenvalue of maximum characteristic of correspondence vector;
Determine that described characteristic vector is the down beam shaping weight vector
Perhaps,
Calculate the array steering vector of described array antenna;
The described array steering vector of foundation is to described space covariance matrix R
mScan, obtain maximum power, and the array steering vector of described maximum power correspondence;
The array steering vector of determining corresponding described maximum power is the down beam shaping weight vector
A kind of beam size enlargement apparatus of smart antenna comprises:
The conjugation reordering module is used for conjugation and resets described channel impulse response matrix H, determines the channel impulse response matrix H
m
The space covariance matrix generation module is used for obtaining its corresponding space covariance matrix R according to described channel impulse response matrix H, and according to described channel impulse response matrix H
mObtain its corresponding space covariance matrix R
m
The weight vector generation module is used for calculating according to described space covariance matrix R, generates its corresponding down beam shaping weight vector U
R, and according to described space covariance matrix R
mCalculate, generate its corresponding down beam shaping weight vector
And be used for described down beam shaping weight vector U
RWith the down beam shaping weight vector
For as corrected parameter, determine revised down beam shaping weight vector
Weighting figuration module is used to utilize described down beam shaping weight vector U weighting each day wire spoke phase, to realize described user's down beam shaping.
Preferably, described device comprises:
The upward signal channel estimation module is used for the upward signal according to the base station reception, estimates the channel estimating of each user on each antenna;
Arrival bearing's processing module is used for the channel estimation results on each antenna according to each user, constructs each user's channel impulse response matrix H.
Preferably, described weight vector generation module comprises:
Resolving cell is used to adopt singular value decomposition, feature decomposition or QR decomposition method to described space covariance matrix R or described space covariance matrix R
mDecompose, obtain described space covariance matrix R or described space covariance matrix R respectively
mMiddle eigenvalue of maximum characteristic of correspondence vector;
First determining unit is used for determining that the described characteristic vector that resolving cell obtains is down beam shaping weight vector U
ROr down beam shaping weight vector
Preferably, described weight vector generation module comprises:
Computing unit is used to calculate the array steering vector of described array antenna;
Acquiring unit is used for according to described array steering vector described space covariance matrix R or described space covariance matrix R
mScan, obtain the array steering vector of corresponding maximum power;
Second determining unit is used for determining that the array steering vector of corresponding described maximum power is down beam shaping weight vector U
ROr down beam shaping weight vector
A kind of wireless communication system with smart antenna is characterized in that, comprising: the beam size enlargement apparatus of the described smart antenna of claim 6, described beam size enlargement apparatus is used to realize the control to the down beam shaping of smart antenna.
Via above-mentioned technical scheme as can be known, compared with prior art, the invention discloses a kind of beam form-endowing method of smart antenna, Apparatus and system, the embodiment of the invention is reset by the channel impulse response matrix being carried out conjugation, and based on the relevant processing of the space covariance matrix of respective channels impulse response matrix, obtain the down beam shaping weight vector that is used for weighting each day wire spoke phase, realization is level and smooth to space covariance matrix, reached on the basis that does not increase amount of calculation, do not dwindle the array antenna aperture, reduce the purpose of multipath signal correlation, even there is stronger coherent signal, still can guarantee to realize the purpose of down beam shaping preferably.
Description of drawings
In order to be illustrated more clearly in the embodiment of the invention or technical scheme of the prior art, to do to introduce simply to the accompanying drawing of required use in embodiment or the description of the Prior Art below, apparently, accompanying drawing in describing below only is embodiments of the invention, for those of ordinary skills, under the prerequisite of not paying creative work, can also obtain other accompanying drawing according to the accompanying drawing that provides.
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of the beam form-endowing method of the embodiment of the invention one disclosed a kind of smart antenna;
Fig. 2 is the flow chart of the beam form-endowing method of the embodiment of the invention one disclosed another smart antenna;
Fig. 3 is the flow chart of the beam form-endowing method of the embodiment of the invention one disclosed another kind of smart antenna;
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of the beam size enlargement apparatus of the disclosed a kind of smart antenna of the embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 5 is the structural representation of the beam size enlargement apparatus of disclosed another smart antenna of the embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 6 is the structural representation of the beam size enlargement apparatus of the disclosed another kind of smart antenna of the embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 7 is the structural representation of the beam size enlargement apparatus of the disclosed another kind of smart antenna of the embodiment of the invention;
Embodiment
For quote and know for the purpose of, the hereinafter explanation of the technical term of Shi Yonging, write a Chinese character in simplified form or abridge and be summarized as follows:
TD-SCDMA:Time Division-Synchronous Code Division Multiple Access, TD SDMA;
SVD decomposes: Singular value decomposition, and singular value decomposition is a kind of orthogonal matrix decomposition method;
DOA:Direction Of Arrival, direction of arrival is promptly estimated its azimuthal signal processing according to the incoming wave signal;
QR decomposes: the QR decomposition method is that matrix decomposition is become an orthonomal matrix and upper triangular matrix, so be called the QR decomposition method, the general symbol(s) Q of orthonomal matrix is relevant therewith.
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing in the embodiment of the invention, the technical scheme in the embodiment of the invention is clearly and completely described, obviously, described embodiment only is the present invention's part embodiment, rather than whole embodiment.Based on the embodiment among the present invention, those of ordinary skills belong to the scope of protection of the invention not making the every other embodiment that is obtained under the creative work prerequisite.
By background technology as can be known, at present in the environment of radio signal propagation, wireless channel is very complicated, especially under the less situation of angle spread, owing to there is a large amount of coherent signals, and the correlation between the multipath signal is higher, the space characteristics of desired user is affected, and the order disappearance appears in the space covariance matrix that makes the user, cause influence, and then have a strong impact on the down beam shaping performance of system the beamforming algorithm of the power maximal criterion of up received signal of the prior art.
In view of this, the invention provides a solution, its basic ideas are that user's channel impulse response matrix is handled, and obtain the space covariance matrix of correction, carry out wave beam forming based on the space covariance matrix of revising then.Detailed process describes by following examples.
Embodiment one
See also accompanying drawing 1, the flow chart for the beam form-endowing method of the disclosed a kind of smart antenna of the embodiment of the invention mainly may further comprise the steps:
Step S101, handle the upward signal that receives the base station, realizes the channel estimating of each user on each antenna.
Step S102 according to the channel estimation results of each user on each antenna, constructs the channel impulse response matrix H of each user's array antenna.
When execution in step S101 and step S102, for each user, expect that promptly the user carries out channel estimating, and obtain the channel impulse response matrix H of each user's array antenna according to the result of channel estimating, be based on the wireless channel model of using in the TD-SCDMA system, its mathematic(al) representation is:
Wherein, h
k(it is the function of time delay τ and angle of arrival φ for τ, φ) k user's of expression channel response; L represents the number of path that channel is total; L represents each multipath label; g
K, l(t), τ
K, l, φ
K, lTime varying signal amplitude, relative time delay and the relative angle of arrival of representing k user's l bar multipath respectively.
In communication system, when the signal of subscriber equipment transmission arrives the base station through multipath channel, use under the situation of array antenna the channel impulse response on each reception antenna in the base station, by different arrival bearings, i.e. the directivity channel impulse response of DOA incident is formed by stacking.
The following example that illustrates:
The signal of k user's transmission has different arrival bearings when inciding base station array antenna incoming signal number is L
kObserve from the time domain angle, if the discrete tap number of the channel impulse response after the stack is W, then channel impulse response can be expressed as W * 1 dimension dispersion vector, i.e. L on the time domain
kThe stack of individual independently multipath component is actually L
kThe weighted superposition of individual channel impulse response vector correspondence position element, the weights that obtained are the amplitude of fading of this direction.
When the directivity channel impulse response vector of l incoming signal of k user is expressed as: h
(k, l)=[h
(k, l)(1), h
(k, l)(2), h
(k, l)(W)]
T, a directivity channel impulse response matrix being constituted of k all directivity channel impulse response vector of user is so:
Wherein, M represents the base station array antenna number, and W represents channel estimation window long (W=128).
Step S103 calculates according to the channel impulse response matrix H of each user's array antenna, obtains its corresponding space covariance matrix R.
Based on above-mentioned example step S103 is described, k user's channel impulse response matrix is H
(k), get its associate matrix (H
(k))
H, make associate matrix (H
(k))
HPremultiplication channel impulse response matrix H
(k)Obtain k user's space covariance matrix R
(k), the formula of its concrete institute foundation is:
R
(k)＝H
(k)×(H
(k))
H (3)
General-purpose type is: R
m=H
m* (H
m)
H(4)
Step S104 calculates according to described space covariance matrix R, obtains described user's down beam shaping weight vector U
R
Step S105, conjugation is reset the channel impulse response matrix H of each user's who obtains in advance array antenna, determines the channel impulse response matrix H
m
When the rearrangement that realizes array, according to the meaning of matrix multiplication as can be known, when the reverse matrix I of the unit of getting, need carry out premultiplication to the receiving terminal data of array.Therefore, when the channel impulse response matrix H is carried out the conjugation rearrangement, need be to the conjugation H of channel impulse response matrix
*The reverse unit matrix I of premultiplication, its corresponding mathematical formulae is: H
m=I * H
*
Conjugation rearrangement to the channel impulse response matrix H describes based on above-mentioned example.Obtain the reverse matrix I of unit on M * M rank, that is:
Obtain k user's channel impulse response matrix H
(k)Complex-conjugate matrix H
(k) *, adopt the channel impulse response matrix H
(k)Complex-conjugate matrix H
(k) *The reverse unit matrix I of premultiplication obtains the channel impulse response matrix H
m, its computational process can be expressed as:
H
m (k)＝I×H
(k)* (6)
Step S106 is according to described channel impulse response matrix H
mObtain its corresponding space covariance matrix R
m
Based on above-mentioned example step S106 is described, the channel impulse response matrix after k user's conjugation is reset is H
m (k), get its associate matrix (H
m (k))
H, make associate matrix (H
m (k))
HPremultiplication channel impulse response matrix H
m (k)Obtain k user's space covariance matrix R
m (k), the formula of its concrete institute foundation is:
R
m (k)＝H
m (k)×(H
m (k))
H＝I×R
(k)*×I (3)
General-purpose type is: R
m=H
m* (H
m)
H(4)
Step S107 is according to described space covariance matrix R
mCalculate, obtain the down beam shaping weight vector that conjugation is reset the described user in back
Step S108 resets conjugation the down beam shaping weight vector U of front and back
RWith the down beam shaping weight vector
For as corrected parameter, determine revised down beam shaping weight vector
When execution in step S108, behind execution in step S104 and step S107, the down beam shaping weight vector U before and after the conjugation of acquisition is reset
RWith the down beam shaping weight vector
For as corrected parameter, the weight vector that is used for weighting each day wire spoke phase is revised, promptly obtain revised down beam shaping weight vector U.The process of its correction is expressed as with mathematical formulae:
Based on of the explanation of above-mentioned example to step S108, the down beam shaping weight vector U after k user's conjugation is reset
R (k)With the down beam shaping weight vector
As corrected parameter, the weight vector that is used for weighting each day wire spoke phase is revised, obtain revised down beam shaping weight vector U
(k), it specifically can be expressed as:
Step S109 utilizes described down beam shaping weight vector U weighting each day wire spoke phase, to realize described user's down beam shaping.
The beam form-endowing method of the disclosed smart antenna of the invention described above embodiment, reset by the channel impulse response matrix being carried out conjugation, and based on the relevant processing of the space covariance matrix of respective channels impulse response matrix, obtain the down beam shaping weight vector that is used for weighting each day wire spoke phase, realization is level and smooth to space covariance matrix, but, it can't produce subarray in carrying out said process, promptly only carry out smoothing processing at former array, reached on the basis that does not increase amount of calculation, do not dwindle the array antenna aperture, reduce the purpose of multipath signal correlation, promptly can make Beam-former in the process that reduces (or greatly reducing) multipath coherent signal fully, solve in the smart antenna and worsen, thereby influence the down beam shaping performance issue owing to the multipath coherent signal causes desired user upstream space feature estimated performance.Beamforming algorithm with the power maximal criterion based on up received signal of the prior art can reduce the correlation between the multipath signal effectively, can make desired user obtain wave beam forming performance preferably.
Need to prove, on the basis of the disclosed embodiment of the invention described above, at the down beam shaping weight vector U that obtains conjugation rearrangement front and back
RWith the down beam shaping weight vector
Process in, as shown in Figure 2, the concrete implementation of step S104 is:
Step S1041 carries out singular value decomposition, feature decomposition or QR to described space covariance matrix R and decomposes, and obtains eigenvalue of maximum characteristic of correspondence vector among the described space covariance matrix R.
Step S1042 determines that described characteristic vector is down beam shaping weight vector U
R
The concrete implementation of step S107 is:
Step S1071 is to described space covariance matrix R
mCarry out singular value decomposition, feature decomposition or QR and decompose, obtain described space covariance matrix R
mMiddle eigenvalue of maximum characteristic of correspondence vector.
Step S1072 determines that described characteristic vector is the down beam shaping weight vector
In carrying out above-mentioned steps S104 and step S107, the process of decomposing can adopt three kinds of different modes, therefore when execution in step S104 and step S107, can select arbitrarily according to actual conditions.
Need to prove, except the above-mentioned down beam shaping weight vector U that obtains conjugation rearrangement front and back
RWith the down beam shaping weight vector
Mode beyond, as shown in Figure 3, on the basis of the disclosed embodiment of the invention described above, the concrete implementation of step S104 is:
Step S1043 calculates the array steering vector of described array antenna.
Step S1044 scans described space covariance matrix R according to described array steering vector, obtains maximum power, and the array steering vector of described maximum power correspondence.
Step S1045, the array steering vector of determining corresponding described maximum power are down beam shaping weight vector UR.
The concrete implementation of step S107 is:
Step S1073 calculates the array steering vector of described array antenna.
Step S1074, the described array steering vector of foundation is to described space covariance matrix R
mScan, obtain maximum power, and the array steering vector of described maximum power correspondence.
Step S1075, the array steering vector of determining corresponding described maximum power is the down beam shaping weight vector
When carrying out above-mentioned steps S1044 and step S1074, the process that described space covariance matrix is scanned according to described array steering vector is actual to be: the array steering vector that gets access to is carried out multiplication mutually with space covariance matrix, and the multiplied result of obtaining is the maximum power of correspondence.
In addition, at the down beam shaping weight vector U that obtains conjugation rearrangement front and back
RWith the down beam shaping weight vector
Process in, the space covariance matrix R after space covariance matrix R before resetting at conjugation and conjugation are reset
m, can adopt any one computing of being correlated with in the aforesaid way, the step S1041 that promptly is not limited to above-mentioned correspondence is to step S1072, or step S1043 is to step S1075 mode, can combination in any.
Describe a kind of beam form-endowing method of smart antenna among the disclosed embodiment of the invention described above in detail, can adopt the device of various ways to realize for method of the present invention, therefore the invention also discloses a kind of beam size enlargement apparatus of smart antenna, provide specific embodiment below and be elaborated.
See also accompanying drawing 4, structural representation for the beam size enlargement apparatus of a kind of smart antenna disclosed by the invention mainly comprises: upward signal channel estimation module 101, arrival bearing's processing module 102, conjugation reordering module 103, space covariance matrix generation module 104, weight vector generation module 105 and weighting figuration module 106.Above-mentioned module connects successively.
Upward signal channel estimation module 101 is used for the upward signal according to the base station reception, estimates the channel estimating of each user on each antenna.
Arrival bearing's processing module 102, the channel estimation results of each user on each antenna that is used for obtaining according to upward signal channel estimation module 101 constructed each user's channel impulse response matrix H.
Space covariance matrix generation module 104 is used for obtaining its corresponding space covariance matrix R according to the described channel impulse response matrix H that conjugation reordering module 103 obtains, and according to described channel impulse response matrix H
mObtain its corresponding space covariance matrix R
m
Weight vector generation module 105 is used for calculating according to the described space covariance matrix R that space covariance matrix generation module 104 generates, and generates its corresponding down beam shaping weight vector U
R, and according to described space covariance matrix R
mCalculate, generate its corresponding down beam shaping weight vector
And be used for described down beam shaping weight vector U
RWith the down beam shaping weight vector
For as corrected parameter, determine revised down beam shaping weight vector
Need to prove that on the basis of the invention described above the disclosed embodiments, as shown in Figure 5, this weight vector generation module 105 comprises: generation unit 1051 and amending unit 1052.
Amending unit 1052 is used for the described down beam shaping weight vector U that generation unit 1051 is generated
RWith the down beam shaping weight vector
For as corrected parameter, determine revised down beam shaping weight vector
Need to prove that on the basis of the invention described above the disclosed embodiments, as shown in Figure 6, the generation unit 1051 in this weight vector generation module 105 can be specially: the resolving cell 10511 and first determining unit 10512.
Resolving cell 10511 is used to adopt singular value decomposition, feature decomposition or QR decomposition method to described space covariance matrix R or described space covariance matrix R
mDecompose, obtain described space covariance matrix R or described space covariance matrix R respectively
mMiddle eigenvalue of maximum characteristic of correspondence vector.
First determining unit 10512 is used for determining that the described characteristic vector that resolving cell obtains is down beam shaping weight vector U
ROr down beam shaping weight vector
In addition, as shown in Figure 7, the generation unit 1051 in this weight vector generation module 105 can also be specially: computing unit 10513, acquiring unit 10514 and second determining unit 10515.
Acquiring unit 10514 is used for according to described array steering vector described space covariance matrix R or described space covariance matrix R
mScan, obtain the array steering vector of corresponding maximum power.
Second determining unit 10515 is used for determining that the array steering vector of corresponding described maximum power is down beam shaping weight vector U
ROr down beam shaping weight vector
The concrete implementation of each module and unit is carried out according to the invention described above embodiment disclosed method in the disclosed device of the invention described above embodiment, and therefore the detailed process basically identical, is no longer given unnecessary details here.
In addition, the beam size enlargement apparatus of the disclosed smart antenna of the invention described above embodiment can be applicable to wireless communication system of the prior art.And be mainly used in control to the down beam shaping of the smart antenna in the TD-SCDMA system, wave beam forming by above-mentioned smart antenna can reduce the computation complexity of TD-SCDMA system of the prior art on down beam shaping, improve the systematic function of this system, but the beam size enlargement apparatus of this smart antenna of the present invention is not limited in and is applied in the TD-SCDMA system.
In sum:
Reset by the channel impulse response matrix being carried out conjugation based on the invention described above embodiment, and based on the relevant processing of the space covariance matrix of respective channels impulse response matrix, obtain the down beam shaping weight vector that is used for weighting each day wire spoke phase, realization is level and smooth to space covariance matrix, reached on the basis that does not increase amount of calculation, do not dwindle the purpose of array antenna aperture, reduction multipath signal correlation, even there is stronger coherent signal, still can guarantee to realize the purpose of down beam shaping preferably.
Each embodiment adopts the mode of going forward one by one to describe in this specification, and what each embodiment stressed all is and the difference of other embodiment that identical similar part is mutually referring to getting final product between each embodiment.For the disclosed device of embodiment, because it is corresponding with the embodiment disclosed method, so description is fairly simple, relevant part partly illustrates referring to method and gets final product.
The method of describing in conjunction with embodiment disclosed herein or the step of algorithm can directly use the software module of hardware, processor execution, and perhaps the combination of the two is implemented.Software module can place the storage medium of any other form known in random asccess memory (RAM), internal memory, read-only memory (ROM), electrically programmable ROM, electrically erasable ROM, register, hard disk, moveable magnetic disc, CD-ROM or the technical field.
To the above-mentioned explanation of the disclosed embodiments, make this area professional and technical personnel can realize or use the present invention.Multiple modification to these embodiment will be conspicuous concerning those skilled in the art, and defined herein General Principle can realize under the situation that does not break away from the spirit or scope of the present invention in other embodiments.Therefore, the present invention will can not be restricted to these embodiment shown in this article, but will meet and principle disclosed herein and features of novelty the wideest corresponding to scope.
Claims (10)
1. the beam form-endowing method of a smart antenna is characterized in that, comprising:
The space covariance matrix R of the channel impulse response matrix H correspondence of each user's that foundation obtains in advance array antenna calculates, and obtains described user's down beam shaping weight vector U
R
Conjugation is reset described channel impulse response matrix H, determines the channel impulse response matrix H
m
According to described channel impulse response matrix H
mCorresponding space covariance matrix R
mCalculate, obtain the down beam shaping weight vector that conjugation is reset the described user in back
Conjugation is reset the down beam shaping weight vector U of front and back
RWith the down beam shaping weight vector
For as corrected parameter, determine revised down beam shaping weight vector
Utilize described down beam shaping weight vector U weighting each day wire spoke phase, to realize described user's down beam shaping.
2. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described conjugation is reset the channel impulse response matrix H, determines the channel impulse response matrix H
mProcess comprise:
Obtain the reverse matrix I of unit on M * M rank, and the complex-conjugate matrix H of described impulse response matrix H
*
Determine described channel impulse response matrix H
m=I * H
*
Wherein M represents the base station array antenna number, described complex-conjugate matrix H
*With reverse unit matrix I same order.
3. method according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that, described channel impulse response matrix H
mCorresponding described space covariance matrix R
mAcquisition process comprise:
Obtain described channel impulse response matrix H
mAssociate matrix (H
m)
H
Determine described space covariance matrix R
m=H
m* (H
m)
H
4. method according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that, calculates according to described space covariance matrix R, obtains described user's down beam shaping weight vector U
RProcess comprise:
Described space covariance matrix R is carried out singular value decomposition, feature decomposition or QR decompose, obtain eigenvalue of maximum characteristic of correspondence vector among the described space covariance matrix R;
Determine that described characteristic vector is down beam shaping weight vector U
R
Perhaps,
Calculate the array steering vector of described array antenna;
According to described array steering vector described space covariance matrix R is scanned, obtain maximum power, and the array steering vector of described maximum power correspondence;
The array steering vector of determining corresponding described maximum power is down beam shaping weight vector U
R
5. according to any described method in the claim 1 to 3, it is characterized in that, according to described space covariance matrix R
mCalculate, obtain described user's wave beam forming weight vector
Process comprise:
To described space covariance matrix R
mCarry out singular value decomposition, feature decomposition or QR and decompose, obtain described space covariance matrix R
mMiddle eigenvalue of maximum characteristic of correspondence vector;
Determine that described characteristic vector is the down beam shaping weight vector
Perhaps,
Calculate the array steering vector of described array antenna;
The described array steering vector of foundation is to described space covariance matrix R
mScan, obtain maximum power, and the array steering vector of described maximum power correspondence;
The array steering vector of determining corresponding described maximum power is the down beam shaping weight vector
6. the beam size enlargement apparatus of a smart antenna is characterized in that, comprising:
The conjugation reordering module is used for conjugation and resets described channel impulse response matrix H, determines the channel impulse response matrix H
m
The space covariance matrix generation module is used for obtaining its corresponding space covariance matrix R according to described channel impulse response matrix H, and according to described channel impulse response matrix H
mObtain its corresponding space covariance matrix R
m
The weight vector generation module is used for calculating according to described space covariance matrix R, generates its corresponding down beam shaping weight vector U
R, and according to described space covariance matrix R
mCalculate, generate its corresponding down beam shaping weight vector
And be used for described down beam shaping weight vector U
RWith the down beam shaping weight vector
For as corrected parameter, determine revised down beam shaping weight vector
Weighting figuration module is used to utilize described down beam shaping weight vector U weighting each day wire spoke phase, to realize described user's down beam shaping.
7. device according to claim 6 is characterized in that, described device comprises:
The upward signal channel estimation module is used for the upward signal according to the base station reception, estimates the channel estimating of each user on each antenna;
Arrival bearing's processing module is used for the channel estimation results on each antenna according to each user, constructs each user's channel impulse response matrix H.
8. according to claim 6 or 7 described devices, it is characterized in that described weight vector generation module comprises:
Resolving cell is used to adopt singular value decomposition, feature decomposition or QR decomposition method to described space covariance matrix R or described space covariance matrix R
mDecompose, obtain described space covariance matrix R or described space covariance matrix R respectively
mMiddle eigenvalue of maximum characteristic of correspondence vector;
First determining unit is used for determining that the described characteristic vector that resolving cell obtains is down beam shaping weight vector U
ROr down beam shaping weight vector
9. according to claim 6 or 7 described devices, it is characterized in that described weight vector generation module comprises:
Computing unit is used to calculate the array steering vector of described array antenna;
Acquiring unit is used for according to described array steering vector described space covariance matrix R or described space covariance matrix R
mScan, obtain the array steering vector of corresponding maximum power;
Second determining unit is used for determining that the array steering vector of corresponding described maximum power is down beam shaping weight vector U
ROr down beam shaping weight vector
10. the wireless communication system with smart antenna is characterized in that, comprising: the beam size enlargement apparatus of the described smart antenna of claim 6, described beam size enlargement apparatus is used to realize the control to the down beam shaping of smart antenna.
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