CN102168232B - Preparation method of aluminum based composite material reinforced by aluminium borate whisker coated with CuO - Google Patents
Preparation method of aluminum based composite material reinforced by aluminium borate whisker coated with CuO Download PDFInfo
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- CN102168232B CN102168232B CN2011100784585A CN201110078458A CN102168232B CN 102168232 B CN102168232 B CN 102168232B CN 2011100784585 A CN2011100784585 A CN 2011100784585A CN 201110078458 A CN201110078458 A CN 201110078458A CN 102168232 B CN102168232 B CN 102168232B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of an aluminum based composite material reinforced by aluminium borate whisker coated with CuO, relating to a preparation method of an aluminum based composite material reinforced by the aluminium borate whisker and overcoming the defects that the existing aluminum based composite material reinforced by the aluminium borate whisker is poor in mechanical property and incapable of being used in high-temperature environment. The preparation method includes the steps of firstly preparing CuO sol, secondly preparing the aluminium borate whisker coated with the CuO sol, thirdly preparing an aluminium borate whisker prefabticated member coated with the CuO sol, and fourthly preparing the aluminum based composite material reinforced by the aluminium borate whisker coated with CuO. The preparation method can be used for the aluminum based composite material reinforced by whisker.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of preparation method of crystal whisker reinforcing aluminum base composite material.
Background technology
Matrix material can be brought into play matrix and the synergy that strengthens body simultaneously, on composition, tissue and the performance of material, has very big designability again.Therefore, it has very big advantages for development, has attracted countries in the world investigation of materials persons' very big concern.
Series of advantages such as that crystal whisker reinforcing aluminum base composite material has is with low cost, isotropy, good mechanical performance and easy machining deformation, thereby as a kind of novel structured material, prospect is widely used.At first, most researchers have been placed on SiC and Si to research emphasis
3N
4On the whisker.But, expensive price to a great extent limit its widespread use in aluminum matrix composite.Aluminium borate whisker not only has and SiC, Si
3N
4The physicals that whisker is approaching, and its price also is merely their about 1/20～1/10, and the appearance of aluminium borate whisker has solved because of the high great difficult problem that restrict the crystal whisker reinforcing aluminum base composite material application of whisker cost.Aluminium borate whisker can utilize salt lake resources and sea water desaltination sub product to synthesize at home, has begun to produce in enormous quantities, and cost is very cheap.
The interface is as matrix and strengthen very important zone between the body, all can produce remarkable influence to design, preparation and the macro property of material, is the focus that people pay close attention to always.How to improve matrix and the wettability that strengthens body, control surface reaction in the matrix material, forming best interface structure is aluminum matrix composite production, key technologies for application problem.Yet; In the aluminum boric acid crystal whisker reinforcing aluminum base composite material of high performance-price ratio; Surface reaction seriously significantly reduces the mechanical property of matrix material under interface wet ability difference and the high temperature, thereby has restricted the development of this matrix material, has particularly limited the use at high temperature of this matrix material.How effectively to improve interface wet ability; The generation of serious surface reaction has become two subject matters that press for solution at present under control or the minimizing high temperature, has important theory for such matrix material towards through engineering approaches application widely and is worth and realistic meaning.
In order to obtain required interface, obtain the matrix material of excellent performance, the approach that improves interface performance has the metallic matrix alloying, and optimal preparation technology and performance parameters strengthen body coating processing etc.Wherein, to carry out coating processing be to improve one of effective means in interface on the whisker surface.Coating had not only influenced the interface structure that strengthens the performance of body own but also influence matrix material, thereby influenced the various performances of matrix material.Coating both belonged to the mechanism of action research will to composite Materials Design with improve mechanics of composites and physicals produces great pushing effect.Sol-gel method can prepare uniform coating, is a kind of rising coating production, has been widely applied to the every field of material in recent years.Coating processing through to the whisker surface will be a kind of efficient ways to the mechanical property of improving matrix material.
More than the solution of two problems, replace duraluminum to be used for thermal structure spares such as engine piston crystal whisker reinforcing aluminum base composite material and also will obtain remarkable economical and social benefit.
Summary of the invention
The present invention will solve present aluminum boric acid crystal whisker reinforcing aluminum base composite material to have poor mechanical property, defective such as can't in hot environment, use, and a kind of CuO that provides applies the preparation method of aluminum boric acid crystal whisker reinforcing aluminum base composite material.
CuO applies aluminum boric acid crystal whisker reinforcing aluminum base composite material to carry out according to the following steps:
One, cupric nitrate and Hydrocerol A are by in 1: 1 the mol ratio adding zero(ppm) water, and magnetic agitation reflux 1～2h makes transparent CuO colloidal sol then;
Two, aluminium borate whisker is added in the CuO colloidal sol and use ultrasonic dispersing, dry then, obtain the aluminium borate whisker of CuO gel coating;
Three, the aluminium borate whisker of CuO gel coating is put into 400～600 ℃ of environment roasting 1～3h, process the aluminium borate whisker that CuO applies, put into water ultrasonic dispersing 1～2h again;
Four, with the method for compression molding the aluminium borate whisker of the CuO coating of step 3 ultrasonic dispersing is processed prefab, drying at room temperature is put into 800～1000 ℃ of environment roasting 1～3h more then, obtains CuO and applies the aluminium borate whisker prefab;
Five, extrusion casting: 500 ℃ of preheating CuO apply aluminium borate whisker prefab and mould; Pour into a mould the duraluminum of molten state then; Teeming temperature is 800 ℃; Under 20MPa pressure, tentatively push again, then increase pressure, make CuO and apply aluminium borate whisker enhanced aluminum matrix composite to 100MPa and pressurize 5min;
Wherein, the reflux temperature is 80～100 ℃ in the step 1, and the quality of zero(ppm) water is chromium nitrate and Hydrocerol A total mass 50～200 times; The quality of step 2 mesoboric acid aluminium whiskers is 5～40 times of CuO quality in the CuO colloidal sol; CuO applies the aluminium borate whisker prefab and accounts for 15%～30% of aluminum matrix composite TV in the step 5.
Step 4 of the present invention is put into 800～1000 ℃ of environment with prefab and is carried out the intensity that roasting can improve CuO coating aluminium borate whisker prefab.
The method that the present invention combines with collosol and gel and ultrasonic dispersing is at aluminium borate whisker surface-coated CuO, and it is more even to make that CuO applies, and compares ultra-sonic dispersion with ball-milling processing simultaneously and also can reduce fractureing of aluminium borate whisker.
CuO can generate uniform interfacial product (oxide compound or composite oxides) with the reaction of aluminum matrix alloy liquation in the inventive method step 5 extrusion casting process; Therefore interface wet ability significantly improves; Matrix material casting micropore reduces, and the room-temperature mechanical property of aluminum matrix composite significantly improves.Compare with simple aluminum boric acid crystal whisker reinforcing aluminum base composite material, the tensile strength of aluminum matrix composite improves about 1.2～1.5 times under the square one, and unit elongation is constant basically; And the interfacial product that the reaction of CuO and aluminum matrix alloy liquation is generated in the extrusion casting process has formed uniform transition layer interface structure; Can reduce or hinder under the hot conditions the serious surface reaction of magnesium elements and aluminium borate whisker generation in the matrices of composite material; Thereby reduce destruction to whisker; The high-temperature interface stability of aluminum matrix composite and the mechanical property under the hot environment have been improved; The tensile strength that elevated temperature heat exposes the CuO coating aluminum boric acid crystal whisker reinforcing aluminum base composite material of the inventive method acquisition has improved about 1.25～1.5 times than simple aluminum boric acid crystal whisker reinforcing aluminum base composite material, and unit elongation has improved about 115～1.8 times.
The CuO for preparing with the inventive method applies aluminum boric acid crystal whisker reinforcing aluminum base composite material replacement duraluminum, uses as thermal structure spares such as engine pistons and will obtain remarkable economical and social benefit.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the sem photograph of embodiment 11 mesoboric acid aluminium whiskerss (the raw material aluminium borate whisker of uncoated CuO); Fig. 2 is the sem photograph of the aluminium borate whisker of the CuO coating that step 3 is processed in the embodiment 11; Fig. 3 is the X ray collection of illustrative plates of the aluminium borate whisker of the CuO coating that step 3 is processed in the embodiment 11, and " zero " diffraction peak is CuO among Fig. 3.
Embodiment
Technical scheme of the present invention is not limited to following cited embodiment, also comprises the arbitrary combination between each embodiment.
Embodiment one: this embodiment CuO applies aluminum boric acid crystal whisker reinforcing aluminum base composite material to carry out according to the following steps:
One, cupric nitrate and Hydrocerol A are by in 1: 1 the mol ratio adding zero(ppm) water, and magnetic agitation reflux 1～2h makes transparent CuO colloidal sol then;
Two, aluminium borate whisker is added in the CuO colloidal sol and use ultrasonic dispersing, dry then, obtain the aluminium borate whisker of CuO gel coating;
Three, the aluminium borate whisker of CuO gel coating is put into 400～600 ℃ of environment roasting 1～3h, process the aluminium borate whisker that CuO applies, put into water ultrasonic dispersing 1～2h again;
Four, with the method for compression molding the aluminium borate whisker of the CuO coating of step 3 ultrasonic dispersing is processed prefab, drying at room temperature is put into 800～1000 ℃ of environment roasting 1～3h more then, obtains CuO and applies the aluminium borate whisker prefab;
Five, extrusion casting: 500 ℃ of preheating CuO apply aluminium borate whisker prefab and mould; Pour into a mould the duraluminum of molten state then; Teeming temperature is 800 ℃; Under 20MPa pressure, tentatively push again, then increase pressure, make CuO and apply aluminium borate whisker enhanced aluminum matrix composite to 100MPa and pressurize 5min;
Wherein, the reflux temperature is 80～100 ℃ in the step 1, and the quality of zero(ppm) water is chromium nitrate and Hydrocerol A total mass 50～200 times; The quality of step 2 mesoboric acid aluminium whiskers is 5～40 times of CuO quality in the CuO colloidal sol; CuO applies the aluminium borate whisker prefab and accounts for 15%～30% of aluminum matrix composite TV in the step 5.
This embodiment method is applicable to various aluminium alloy containing magnesiums.
Embodiment two: this embodiment with the difference of embodiment one is: the ultrasonic dispersing time is 1～3 hour in the step 2, and ultrasonic power is 1000～2000W, and ultrasonic frequency is 50～80Hz.Other step and parameter are identical with embodiment one.
Embodiment three: this embodiment with embodiment one or two difference is: CuO applies the aluminium borate whisker prefab and accounts for 17%～28% of aluminum matrix composite TV in the step 5.Other step and parameter are identical with embodiment one or two.
Embodiment four: this embodiment with embodiment one or two difference is: CuO applies the aluminium borate whisker prefab and accounts for 19%～25% of aluminum matrix composite TV in the step 5.Other step and parameter are identical with embodiment one or two.
Embodiment five: this embodiment with embodiment one or two difference is: CuO applies the aluminium borate whisker prefab and accounts for 20% of aluminum matrix composite TV in the step 5.Other step and parameter are identical with embodiment one or two.
Embodiment six: the difference of one of this embodiment and embodiment one to five is: the quality of step 2 mesoboric acid aluminium whiskers is 6～38 times of CuO quality in the CuO colloidal sol.Other step and parameter are identical with one of embodiment one to five.
Embodiment seven: the difference of one of this embodiment and embodiment one to five is: the quality of step 2 mesoboric acid aluminium whiskers is 10～35 times of CuO quality in the CuO colloidal sol.Other step and parameter are identical with one of embodiment one to five.
Embodiment eight: the difference of one of this embodiment and embodiment one to five is: the quality of step 2 mesoboric acid aluminium whiskers is 20～30 times of CuO quality in the CuO colloidal sol.Other step and parameter are identical with one of embodiment one to five.
Embodiment nine: the difference of one of this embodiment and embodiment one to eight is: the volume of zero(ppm) water is chromium nitrate and Hydrocerol A TV 80～150 times in the step 1.Other step and parameter are identical with one of embodiment one to eight.
Embodiment ten: the difference of one of this embodiment and embodiment one to eight is: the volume of zero(ppm) water is chromium nitrate and Hydrocerol A TV 100 times in the step 1.Other step and parameter are identical with one of embodiment one to eight.
Embodiment 11: this embodiment CuO applies aluminum boric acid crystal whisker reinforcing aluminum base composite material to carry out according to the following steps:
One, cupric nitrate and Hydrocerol A are by in 1: 1 the mol ratio adding zero(ppm) water, and magnetic agitation reflux 1.5h makes transparent CuO colloidal sol then;
Two, aluminium borate whisker is added in the CuO colloidal sol and use ultrasonic dispersing, dry then, obtain the aluminium borate whisker of CuO gel coating;
Three, the aluminium borate whisker of CuO gel coating is put into 500 ℃ of environment roasting 2h, process the aluminium borate whisker that CuO applies, put into water ultrasonic dispersing 1.5h again;
Four, with the method for compression molding the aluminium borate whisker of the CuO coating of step 3 ultrasonic dispersing is processed prefab, drying at room temperature is put into 900 ℃ of environment roasting 2h more then, obtains CuO and applies the aluminium borate whisker prefab;
Five, extrusion casting: 500 ℃ of preheating CuO apply aluminium borate whisker prefab and mould; Pour into a mould 6061 duraluminums of molten state then; Teeming temperature is 800 ℃; Under 20MPa pressure, tentatively push again, then increase pressure, make CuO and apply aluminium borate whisker enhanced aluminum matrix composite to 100MPa and pressurize 5min;
Wherein, the reflux temperature is 80 ℃ in the step 1, and the quality of zero(ppm) water is chromium nitrate and Hydrocerol A total mass 50～200 times; The quality of step 2 mesoboric acid aluminium whiskers is 5～40 times of CuO quality in the CuO colloidal sol; CuO applies the aluminium borate whisker prefab and accounts for 25% of aluminum matrix composite TV in the step 5.
It is as shown in table 1 that CuO applies the comparative test result of aluminum boric acid crystal whisker reinforcing aluminum base composite material and aluminum boric acid crystal whisker reinforcing aluminum base composite material (except that the whisker surface is not coated with the CuO that other are all identical).
Table 1
The mechanical property of this embodiment in hot environment significantly improves.
The used aluminium borate whisker pattern of this embodiment is as shown in Figure 1, and the aluminium borate whisker pattern that the CuO that this embodiment step 3 is processed applies is as shown in Figure 2, and the X ray collection of illustrative plates of the aluminium borate whisker that the CuO that step 3 is processed applies is as shown in Figure 3.Observation and analysis 2 can confirm that with Fig. 3 the aluminium borate whisker coating surfaces is evenly distributed and coating is made up of CuO.
Claims (6)
1.CuO apply the preparation method of aluminum boric acid crystal whisker reinforcing aluminum base composite material, it is characterized in that CuO applies aluminum boric acid crystal whisker reinforcing aluminum base composite material and carries out according to the following steps:
One, cupric nitrate and Hydrocerol A are by in 1: 1 the mol ratio adding zero(ppm) water, and magnetic agitation reflux 1～2h makes transparent CuO colloidal sol then;
Two, aluminium borate whisker is added in the CuO colloidal sol and use ultrasonic dispersing, dry then, obtain the aluminium borate whisker of CuO gel coating;
Three, the aluminium borate whisker of CuO gel coating is put into 400～600 ℃ of environment roasting 1～3h, process the aluminium borate whisker that CuO applies, put into water ultrasonic dispersing 1～2h again;
Four, with the method for compression molding the aluminium borate whisker of the CuO coating of step 3 ultrasonic dispersing is processed prefab, drying at room temperature is put into 800～1000 ℃ of environment roasting 1～3h more then, obtains CuO and applies the aluminium borate whisker prefab;
Five, extrusion casting: 500 ℃ of preheating CuO apply aluminium borate whisker prefab and mould; Pour into a mould the duraluminum of molten state then; Teeming temperature is 800 ℃; Under 20MPa pressure, tentatively push again, then increase pressure, make CuO and apply aluminium borate whisker enhanced aluminum matrix composite to 100MPa and pressurize 5min;
Wherein, the reflux temperature is 80～100 ℃ in the step 1, and the quality of zero(ppm) water is cupric nitrate and Hydrocerol A total mass 50～200 times; The quality of step 2 mesoboric acid aluminium whiskers is 5～40 times of CuO quality in the CuO colloidal sol; CuO applies the aluminium borate whisker prefab and accounts for 15%～30% of aluminum matrix composite TV in the step 5.
2. CuO according to claim 1 applies the preparation method of aluminum boric acid crystal whisker reinforcing aluminum base composite material, it is characterized in that the ultrasonic dispersing time is 1～3h in the step 2, and ultrasonic power is 1000～2000W, and ultrasonic frequency is 50～80Hz.
3. CuO according to claim 1 applies the preparation method of aluminum boric acid crystal whisker reinforcing aluminum base composite material, it is characterized in that CuO coating aluminium borate whisker prefab accounts for 17%～28% of aluminum matrix composite TV in the step 5.
4. CuO according to claim 1 applies the preparation method of aluminum boric acid crystal whisker reinforcing aluminum base composite material, it is characterized in that CuO coating aluminium borate whisker prefab accounts for 19%～25% of aluminum matrix composite TV in the step 5.
5. CuO according to claim 1 applies the method for aluminum boric acid crystal whisker reinforcing aluminum base composite material, it is characterized in that CuO coating aluminium borate whisker prefab accounts for 20% of aluminum matrix composite TV in the step 5.
6. CuO according to claim 1 applies the preparation method of aluminum boric acid crystal whisker reinforcing aluminum base composite material, and the quality that it is characterized in that step 2 mesoboric acid aluminium whiskers is 6～38 times of CuO quality in the CuO colloidal sol.
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| CN2011100784585A CN102168232B (en) | 2011-03-30 | 2011-03-30 | Preparation method of aluminum based composite material reinforced by aluminium borate whisker coated with CuO |
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| CN2011100784585A CN102168232B (en) | 2011-03-30 | 2011-03-30 | Preparation method of aluminum based composite material reinforced by aluminium borate whisker coated with CuO |
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| CN102296255B (en) * | 2011-09-01 | 2013-01-09 | 哈尔滨理工大学 | Preparation method of low-volume-fraction aluminum borate crystal whisker reinforced aluminum-based composite material |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1100154A (en) * | 1993-09-08 | 1995-03-15 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Method for blackening crystal whisker reinforced aluminium-based composite |
| CN101195885A (en) * | 2007-12-19 | 2008-06-11 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | ZnO coating aluminum boric acid crystal whisker reinforcing aluminum base composite material and method for producing the same |
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2011
- 2011-03-30 CN CN2011100784585A patent/CN102168232B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1100154A (en) * | 1993-09-08 | 1995-03-15 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Method for blackening crystal whisker reinforced aluminium-based composite |
| CN101195885A (en) * | 2007-12-19 | 2008-06-11 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | ZnO coating aluminum boric acid crystal whisker reinforcing aluminum base composite material and method for producing the same |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
| Title |
|---|
| 吴叶伟.表面涂覆Al_(18)B_4O_(33)w增强6061Al复合材料界面结构与力学性能研究.《中国优秀硕士学位论文全文数据库》.2009,第14页第2.2节、第20页第3.1节-第22页第3.3节. * |
| 吴叶伟等.ABOw/ZnAl2O4/6061Al复合材料拉伸性能与时效行为研究.《哈尔滨理工大学学报》.2008,第13卷(第4期),114-116. * |
| 孙金梅等.硼酸铝晶须增强铝基复合材料研究现状.《材料热处理技术》.2009,第38卷(第18期),48-50. * |
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