CN102168112B - Method for preparing ethanol by using tuber raw materials - Google Patents
Method for preparing ethanol by using tuber raw materials Download PDFInfo
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- CN102168112B CN102168112B CN2010101150008A CN201010115000A CN102168112B CN 102168112 B CN102168112 B CN 102168112B CN 2010101150008 A CN2010101150008 A CN 2010101150008A CN 201010115000 A CN201010115000 A CN 201010115000A CN 102168112 B CN102168112 B CN 102168112B
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for preparing ethanol by using tuber raw materials, which comprises the following steps of: crushing the tuber raw materials, preparing pulp from the crushed product, mixing the pulp with enzyme to perform enzymolysis to obtain an enzymolysis product, and fermenting the enzymolysis product, wherein a tuber crushing system is used in the crushing method. The tuber crushing system comprises a peeling device (1) and a crushing device (2), wherein the crushing device (2) is a subsequent processing device of the peeling device (1), and the peeling device (1) comprises tuber peeling equipment (21) and a housing (22). Because the peeling device in the tuber crushing system comprises the housing (22), the peeling device not only can be used for crushing dry tuber raw materials but also can be used for crushing fresh tuber raw materials. Therefore, the method for preparing ethanol, provided by the invention, not only is applicable to dry tuber raw materials but also is applicable to fresh tuber raw materials, so that the equipment utilization rate can be increased.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method that adopts potato raw material to prepare ethanol.
Background technology
The potato class, for example Ipomoea batatas, potato, cassava etc., therefore rich in starch is widely used in the fields such as fermentation ethanol processed, starch.
Employing potato raw material in prior art prepares in the employed crushing system of method of ethanol, at the potato raw material of doing and fresh potato raw material, is respectively arranged with a cover e Foerderanlage before entering shredding unit.The course of processing with cassava is example, in the crushing system that new fresh cassava is processed, is being provided with the peeling equipment (as disclosed potato class peeling equipment in CN 101288500A) with peeling function before the shredding unit; In the crushing system that dried cassava is processed, before shredding unit, only be provided with common feeding unit.Yet in actual production, the amount of finish of dried cassava more particularly, was only used 2-3 month the crushing system that new fresh cassava is processed much larger than new fresh cassava every year.And, because the dried cassava of common buying is belt leather not, and have a lot of granuliform cassavas, thereby if directly carry the cassava that does with the peeling equipment with peeling function, then will inevitably cause most of granuliform cassava from the cylinder of described peeling equipment, to spill, therefore, existing fresh cassava crushing system can not be used for the cassava that processing is done.Therefore, the crushing system of in the remaining time new fresh cassava being processed then is not fully utilized, thereby causes usage ratio of equipment very low.Simultaneously, when the amount of finish of dried cassava breaks down than big or the dried cassava crushing system of part, because existing fresh cassava crushing system can not be used for the dried cassava of processing, thereby cause the dried cassava crushing system overload operation of all or part, thereby cause economic benefit to reduce owing to having accelerated ageing equipment.
Summary of the invention
The present invention can not be used for the potato raw material that processing is done for the employed fresh potato raw material crushing system of method that overcomes existing employing potato raw material and prepare ethanol, and the lower defective of the plant factor that causes fresh potato raw material crushing system, provide a kind of and can make fresh potato raw material crushing system be used for the potato raw material that processing is done, improved the method for the plant factor of fresh potato raw material crushing system.
The invention provides a kind of method that adopts potato raw material to prepare ethanol, this method comprises pulverizes potato raw material, product after pulverizing is made slurry, slurry is mixed with enzyme carry out enzymolysis, obtain enzymolysis product, and this enzymolysis product that ferments, wherein, described pulverizing is carried out in potato class crushing system, this potato class crushing system comprises peeling device and shredding unit, described peeling device comprises potato class peeling equipment and housing, this peeling equipment comprises support, cylinder, spiral feeder and drive unit, cylinder is installed in rotation on the support, described spiral feeder is arranged in cylinder and fixedlys connected with the inwall of cylinder, and described drive unit is used for head roll and spiral feeder rotates together, and described housing is removably mounted in the cylinder, and described spiral feeder is between described housing and cylinder, and the method for described pulverizing comprises at least a in the following grinding mode:
Mode one, described housing is installed in the cylinder, potato raw material is supplied in the housing of peeling device, and potato raw material is entered in the shredding unit behind the device by peeling pulverize the potato raw material of described potato raw material for doing;
Mode two disassembles housing in cylinder, potato raw material is supplied in the cylinder of peeling equipment, and enter in the shredding unit after making potato raw material by peeling equipment and pulverize, and described potato raw material is fresh potato raw material.
The method that employing potato raw material of the present invention prepares ethanol is in implementation process, and when described housing was installed in the potato class peeling equipment in the potato class crushing system, this breaking method just can be directly used in pulverized the potato raw material of doing; When disassembling in the potato class peeling equipment of described housing from potato class crushing system, this breaking method just can be directly used in pulverizes fresh potato raw material.Therefore, the method that employing potato raw material of the present invention prepares ethanol is fully used fresh potato raw material crushing system, thereby has improved plant factor effectively.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 represents the structural representation of the employed potato class of the method crushing system that employing potato raw material provided by the invention prepares ethanol, and wherein the direction of arrow is represented flow direction of material;
Fig. 2 represents the sectional elevation of peeling device when housing is installed in the employed potato class of the method crushing system that employing potato raw material provided by the invention prepares ethanol;
Fig. 3 represents the front view of peeling device in the employed potato class of the method crushing system that employing potato raw material provided by the invention prepares ethanol;
Fig. 4 represents the longitudinal section of peeling device when housing disassembles in the employed potato class of the method crushing system that employing potato raw material provided by the invention prepares ethanol.
Embodiment
The method that employing potato raw material provided by the invention prepares ethanol is included in the potato class crushing system potato raw material is pulverized, product after pulverizing is made slurry, slurry is mixed with enzyme carry out enzymolysis, obtain enzymolysis product, and this enzymolysis product that ferments, wherein, the method for described pulverizing has been used a potato seed class crushing system.
Shown in Fig. 1-4, described potato class crushing system comprises peeling device 1 and shredding unit 2, described peeling device 1 comprises potato class peeling equipment 21 and housing 22, this peeling equipment comprises support 23, cylinder 24, spiral feeder 25 and drive unit, cylinder 24 is installed in rotation on the support 23, described spiral feeder 25 is arranged in cylinder 24 and fixedlys connected with the inwall of cylinder, described drive unit is used for head roll 24 and spiral feeder 25 rotates together, and described housing 22 is removably mounted in the cylinder 24, and described spiral feeder 25 is between described housing 22 and cylinder 24.The method that employing potato raw material provided by the invention prepares ethanol is applicable to the various potato raw materials of processing, and for example, Ipomoea batatas, potato, cassava are particularly useful for cassava.
The method of in described crushing system described potato raw material being pulverized comprises at least a in the following grinding mode:
Mode one, described housing 22 is installed in the cylinder 24, potato raw material is supplied in the housing 22 of peeling device 1, and potato raw material is entered in the shredding unit 2 behind the device 1 by peeling pulverize the potato raw material of described potato raw material for doing;
Mode two disassembles housing 22 in cylinder 24, potato raw material is supplied in the cylinder 24 of peeling equipment 21, and enter in the shredding unit 2 after making potato raw material by peeling equipment 21 and pulverize, and described potato raw material is fresh potato raw material.
In the present invention, described fresh potato raw material refers to that water content is the above potato raw materials of 45 weight %; Can be directly in ground, to adopt the potato class that Hui Houwei passes through any processing or only passes through simple desilt step.Described dried potato raw material refers to that water content is the following potato raw materials of 15 weight %.Described dried potato raw material can be by fresh potato raw material is dried the potato class that obtains after washing desilt, also can be the potato class of drying after anteroposterior diameter is crossed simple crushing.
In described peeling device 1, the axis of described housing 22 is parallel or overlapping with the axis of cylinder 24, the method that described housing 22 is installed in the cylinder 24 does not limit especially, the mounting means that can guarantee the various routines that described housing 22 disassembles from described peeling device all is applicable to this, for example, the two ends of described housing 22 removably are connected with the two ends of cylinder 24 respectively, the middle part of described housing 22 removably is connected with spiral feeder 25, described removably ways of connecting can connect to realize by bolt, in a kind of preferred implementation of the present invention, by bolt the two ends of described housing 22 are installed on the two ends (being feed end and discharge end) of cylinder 24 respectively.
Adopt above-mentioned preferred mode of connection, can guarantee that described housing 22 can disassemble and be installed in the described peeling device simply from described peeling device.
Described housing 22 can be just sticks together with the inwall of described potato class peeling equipment 21, also can make described housing 22 and the inwall of described potato class peeling equipment 21 have certain spacing.In order to guarantee that described housing 22 can disassemble or be installed in the described peeling device simply from described peeling device, simultaneously in order to prevent when the inwall of described housing 22 and described potato class peeling equipment 21 sticks together just, the described housing 22 of installation or removal is to the friction of its outer wall and the damage that brings, therefore, minor increment between the inboard of the outer wall of preferred described housing 22 and described potato class peeling equipment 21 is greater than 0, be preferably the 0.1-3 millimeter, more preferably the 0.5-2 millimeter.Minor increment between the inboard of the outer wall of described housing 22 and described potato class peeling equipment refers to the spiral feeder 25 of described potato class peeling equipment and the distance between the housing 22.
Described housing 22 can be made by various anti-abrasive materials, for example, and carbon steel, stainless steel, alloy, rubber or hard plastics.There is no particular limitation to the thickness of described housing 22 in the present invention, and all thickness size that can proof strength on the basis of waste material not is applicable to all in the described housing that under the preferable case, the thickness of described housing is the 1.5-3 millimeter.Described housing 22 can be preferably cylinder for being installed to the different shape in the described peeling device 1.The length of described housing 22 is not less than the length of cylinder 24.
In order to guarantee that potato class material can waltz through described peeling device, preferably described peeling device 1 is tilted to place, and the axis of described housing 22 and the angle between the horizontal plane are the 2-8 degree.Under with described peeling device 1 tilted-putted situation, the position of feed end is than discharge end height, so potato raw material can move down (namely moving forward) by the action of gravity of self.
In described potato class peeling equipment 21, described cylinder 24 can be made by various anti-abrasive materials, for example, and steel, rubber or rigid plastics.Can be provided with spray equipment in the described cylinder 24, spray equipment can be fixedly mounted on the inwall of cylinder 24, and is positioned at the position near the opening for feed of cylinder.Described spray equipment can be the various spray equipments of routine, is used in fresh potato raw material added man-hour water to be sprayed on the potato raw material, and the dirt (as earth, impurity etc.) on the fresh potato raw material of needs peeling is got rid of.
Under the situation of handling fresh potato raw material, because fresh potato raw material needs peeling, thereby in order to reach better decortication effect, can be provided with friction structure on the inwall of described cylinder 24.Described friction structure can be preferably one or more Ribbed Bar, more preferably multi-ribbon rib steel muscle for various shaggy structures.Ribbed Bar has cross rib, can use hot rolled ribbed steel bar and the cold rolled reinforcing steel bar with ribs of conventional all size, as meets the Ribbed Bar of GB1499-1998 regulation.The nominal diameter of Ribbed Bar can be the 6-25 millimeter, is preferably the 8-20 millimeter; The cross rib spacing can be the 3-16 millimeter, is preferably the 4-12 millimeter.The trade mark of Ribbed Bar includes but not limited to HRB335, HRB400 and HRB500.Described Ribbed Bar is fixedlyed connected with the inwall of cylinder 24, and in the cylinder rotation process, Ribbed Bar can play rubbing effect to fresh potato raw material.For the ease of fixedly connected Ribbed Bar on the inwall of cylinder 24, Ribbed Bar is preferably parallel with the central axis of cylinder 24.
In the present invention, there is no particular limitation for the interior diameter of described cylinder 24, can remove the peel the amount of the potato raw material of processing as required and select suitable cylinder interior diameter, and generally speaking, the cylinder interior diameter can be 1-2 rice.
Described spiral feeder 25 can be the various spiral feeder of mechanical field routine.Described spiral feeder 25 can be connected by the various fixedly connected mode of routine on the inwall of cylinder 24, for example, is fixedly connected on by fastening piece on the inwall of cylinder 24.Can obtain better decortication effect when handling fresh potato raw material in order to make, the pitch of described spiral feeder 25 is preferably 0.3-0.8 rice, and thread depth is preferably 0.1-0.4 rice.Described spiral feeder 25 can be made by various anti-abrasive materials, for example, and steel, rubber, nylon.
The present invention is not particularly limited described drive unit, as long as energy head roll 24 and spiral feeder 25 rotate together.For example, described drive unit can comprise drive source, transmission chain and sprocket 27.As shown in Figure 4, sprocket wheel 27 is fixed on cylinder 24 outside surfaces, preferably sprocket wheel 27 is installed in the middle part of cylinder 24.Because cylinder 24 is installed in rotation on the support 23, so transmission chain is when giving sprocket wheel 27 with the transmission of power of drive source, and sprocket wheel 27 can drive cylinder and rotate.Described cylinder 24 is installed in rotation on the support 23, and rotating mounting means can be the whole bag of tricks of routine, for example, can use supporting roll or bracing frame that roller shelves is located on the support, and cylinder can be rotated around central shaft.Drive source can be for the various devices that can produce power, as electric motor.
For the ease of charging, in described potato class crushing system, described peeling device 1 can also comprise windmill feeder 26.As shown in Figure 4, windmill feeder 26 is installed on the feed end of cylinder, to described cylinder 24 or housing 22 feed.Windmill feeder 26 can be the various windmill feeders of mechanical field routine.
When adopting a pair of dried potato raw material of described mode to pulverize, described dried potato raw material is supplied in the housing 22 of peeling device 1, and enter in the shredding unit 2 after making potato raw material by peeling device 1 and pulverize.
When adopting two pairs of fresh potato raw materials of described mode to pulverize, described housing 22 is disassembled in cylinder 24, potato raw material is supplied to the cylinder 24 of peeling equipment 21, and enter in the shredding unit 2 after making potato raw material by peeling equipment 21 and pulverize.For the rolling that can effectively utilize cylinder is removed the peel fresh potato raw material, described fresh potato raw material accounts for the 1/5-2/3 of cylinder solvent in the preferred cylinder.In addition, by rotating speed and the described residence time of fresh potato raw material in described cylinder of controlling described cylinder, the clearance of the prussiate that described fresh potato raw material epidermis contains is reached more than 70%.The present inventor finds, be 5-25 rev/min, the residence time 0.5-3 of described fresh potato raw material in described cylinder minute by the rotating speed of controlling described cylinder, the clearance of the prussiate that described fresh potato raw material epidermis contains is reached more than 70%, be preferably 75-95%, loss rate of raw materials can remain on below the 5 weight %, thereby is conducive to improve ethanol yield.
There is no particular limitation for described shredding unit 2 in the present invention, can be for potato raw material being crushed to the various shredding units below 3.5 millimeters.For example, described shredding unit 2 can be roller crusher, and described roller crusher comprises two opposed rollers, forms a lot of projectioies on described two opposed roller surfaces, Yi Bian by one side pressurization between roller roller is rotated, broken by the raw material between this; Described shredding unit 2 can also be hammer mill, and described hammer mill comprises toe and screen cloth, and is broken by described toe high speed rotating is hammered into shape repeatedly to raw material, up to the mesh of the screen cloth that passes through the toe periphery; Described shredding unit 2 can also be jaw crusher, and described jaw crusher comprises jaw and the vibration jaw of V-shaped opening, raw material is placed between the jaw and vibration jaw of the V-shaped opening that makes progress, and makes raw material crushing by pressurization; Described shredding unit 2 can also be pin formula crusher, described pin formula crusher arranges the discoidal rotary disk that a lot of pins are arranged on the vertical direction and faces the fixed disc that a lot of pins are arranged on the face of this rotating disk, after raw material being added to the center of rotary disk, utilize centrifugal force to enter to be contained in the gap of the pin on rotary disk and the shaft collar, be subjected to impact that pin causes and the effect of bounce-back, thereby make raw material crushing; Described shredding unit 2 can also be ball formula crusher.In one embodiment of the invention, described shredding unit 2 is beater disintegrating machine, preferred model is the beater disintegrating machine of JFS-2000-72, this beater disintegrating machine comprises rotor, hammer leaf, sieve plate, drive system and Controlling System, in operational process, by Controlling System control hammer leaf high speed rotating, hammer leaf and material are rubbed, thereby material is crushed to the particle size range of requirement.In addition, in described potato class crushing system, the quantity of described shredding unit 2 does not limit especially, can be according in the following process requirement of the potato raw material particle size through pulverizing being determined, usually the quantity of shredding unit is more many, potato raw material particle size through pulverizing is more little, yet power consumption is also more many in the course of processing.Therefore, take all factors into consideration in the production technique requirement and the energy consumption factor of potato raw material particle size, be provided with two shredding units in the common described potato class crushing system, and the average particulate diameter of the product after pulverizing through shredding unit is the 1.0-2.5 millimeter.
In described potato class crushing system, described peeling device 1 can be directly to shredding unit 2 feed, also can be provided with e Foerderanlage between described peeling device 1 and the shredding unit 2, pulverize thereby just be transported in the described shredding unit 2 from the raw material of described peeling device 1.Described e Foerderanlage can be the e Foerderanlage of various routines, for example, and scraper conveyor, rotary conveyor.
Prepare in the method for ethanol at employing potato raw material provided by the invention, the potato raw material after pulverizing is made slurry can realize by pulping device.Described slurrying can be finished by the method for routine, for example starts pulping device, by adding water while stirring, thereby makes the material after the pulverizing become slurry.In described slurry, be benchmark with the gross weight of described slurry, the content of described potato raw material is 15-35 weight %, is preferably 20-30 weight %.In the present invention, described pulping device can be for well known to a person skilled in the art various pulping devices.
Described enzymolysis step can be finished by this area method commonly used, such as adding microbes producing cellulase and/or enzyme in crushed products, is incubated under the growth temperature of microbes producing cellulase and/or the great-hearted temperature of enzyme and finishes.Described microbes producing cellulase be can secreting amylase microbes producing cellulase.Described enzyme comprises amylase.
Because microorganism growth can produce by product, therefore preferably directly add enzyme.The consumption of described enzyme is The more the better, for cost consideration, the dry weight basis of the product after preferably pulverizing with every gram, described diastatic consumption is the 4-50 enzyme activity unit, the dry weight basis of the product after more preferably pulverizing with every gram, described diastatic consumption is the 10-30 enzyme activity unit.
The enzyme activity unit of enzyme of the present invention can in the pH value be 6.0, temperature is that 1 minute is converted into the required enzyme amount of glucose with 1 milligram of starch is an enzyme activity unit under 70 ℃ the condition.
The temperature of described enzymolysis can be diastatic any optimum temperature, is generally 50-110 ℃, more preferably 60-70 ℃.The longer the better on the time theory of described enzymolysis, considers plant factor, and the time of preferred described enzymolysis is 20-240 minute, more preferably 30-120 minute.The pH value of described enzymolysis can be generally 3.0-7.0 for diastatic the suitableeest any action pH, and more preferably the pH value is 5.0-6.0.Because the fluctuation of pH value is little in the enzymolysis process, therefore the pH value of described enzymolysis can be regulated before adding enzyme according to this area method commonly used, for example earlier crushed products and water or substratum (are enzyme-addedly generally mixed with water, add microbes producing cellulase generally with the substratum of this microorganism) mix, the solid content that generally makes the gained mixture is 20-40 weight %, pH value according to the gained mixture, the mixture pH regulator that to treat enzymolysis with sulphuric acid soln or sodium hydroxide more preferably is adjusted to the pH value and is 5.0-6.0 to 3.0-7.0.
Amylase is the general name of class of enzymes that can the starch-splitting glycosidic link, and described amylase generally comprises α-Dian Fenmei, beta-amylase, saccharifying enzyme and isoamylase.Enzyme of the present invention comprises amylase.
α-Dian Fenmei claims starch 1 again, the 4-dextrinase, and it can cut the α-1 of starch chain inside at random, brokenly, and the 4-glycosidic link is hydrolyzed to starch maltose, contains the oligosaccharides of 6 glucose units and has the oligosaccharides of side chain.The microorganism that produces this enzyme mainly has Bacillus subtilus, aspergillus niger, aspergillus oryzae and head mold.
Beta-amylase claims starch 1 again, and 4-maltoside enzyme can cut 1,4-glycosidic link from the starch molecule non reducing end, generates maltose.The product that this enzyme acts on starch is maltose and limit dextrin.This enzyme is mainly produced by aspergillus, head mold and endomyces.
Saccharifying enzyme claims starch α-1 again, the 4-glucuroide, and this enzyme acts on the non reducing end of starch molecule, is unit with glucose, acts on the α-1 in the starch molecule successively, and the 4-glycosidic link generates glucose.The product that this enzyme acts on behind the amylopectin has glucose and has α-1, the oligosaccharides of 6-glycosidic link; The product that acts on after the amylose starch almost all is glucose.This enzyme produces bacterium mainly to be aspergillus niger (left U.S. aspergillus, Aspergillus awamori), head mold (snow-white enzyme, De Shi head mold), to intend endomyces, monascus.
Isoamylase claims starch α-1 again, and 6-glucuroide, branching enzyme, this enzyme act on the α-1 at amylopectin molecule branching-point place, and the 6-glycosidic link downcuts the whole side chain of amylopectin and becomes amylose starch.It mainly is to dislike bacteriums such as gas bacillus, genus bacillus and some false monospore bacillus that this enzyme produces bacterium.
The enzyme that preferred described enzymolysis uses also comprises phosphoesterase.Because the phosphoric acid dextrin hydrolysis that phosphoesterase can make phosphoric acid and alcoholic hydroxyl be combined into ester becomes glucose, and discharge phosphoric acid, have the power that extremely significantly liquefies, so the enzyme that enzymolysis uses comprises phosphoesterase, hydrolyzed starch more fully is to increase alcohol yied.
The microorganism of monose such as glucose and/or fructose, oligosaccharides such as sucrose and/or semi-lactosi of can fermenting may be used to fermenting process of the present invention, because yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae is the microorganism of the zymohexose that ethanol-tolerant, by product are few, alcohol yied is high of widespread usage on the wine industry, therefore the employed yeast of preferred described fermentation is yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae.
In every gram enzymolysis product, the inoculum size of the employed yeast of described fermentation is 10
3-10
8Colony-forming unit, more preferably 10
4-10
6Colony-forming unit.
Described colony-forming unit is defined as the method for a certain amount of bacterium liquid after the dilution by cast or coating, allows unicellular being dispersed in one by one on the culture medium flat plate of microorganism in it, and after waiting to cultivate, each viable cell just forms a bacterium colony.It is the single celled number that contains in every milliliter of bacterium liquid.
Employed yeast is fermented in the present invention can be for being purchased yeast solids preparation (such as dried yeast powder) or barms, such as No. 2 (Rasse II) yeast in Lars, have another name called No. two yeast of Germany, No. 12 (Rasse XII) yeast in Lars, have another name called Germany No. 12 yeast, K word yeast, No. five yeast in Nanyang (1300) and Nanyang mixed yeasts (1308).The colony-forming unit of described yeast can be measured by means commonly known in the art, such as the methylene blue staining viable bacteria counting method.The concrete grammar of methylene blue staining viable bacteria counting method is as follows:
1 gram dried yeast powder is dissolved in 10 ml sterile waters, or 1 milliliter of actication of culture liquid is diluted to 10 milliliters with sterilized water, add 0.5 milliliter of 0.1 weight % methylene blue, be incubated 30 minutes down at 35 ℃.Under 10 times of opticmicroscopes, with the number (dead bacterium dyeing, viable bacteria is not dyeed) of viable bacteria in the solution after the blood counting chamber counting insulation, can get the number of viable bacteria in 1 gram dry yeast or the 1 milliliter of actication of culture liquid, i.e. colony forming single-digit.
Described yeast can adopt conventional method inoculation, for example adds the seed liquor of 5-15 volume % in the enzymolysis product.Described seed liquor can be the aqueous solution or the culture medium solution of dry yeast, also can or be purchased the activated seed liquid of bacterial classification for dry yeast.
The temperature of described fermentation can be any temperature that is suitable for yeast growth, is preferably 30-36 ℃, more preferably 30-33 ℃.The pH value is 4-6, is preferably 4-4.5.The time of described fermentation can be for beginning from inoculation to occur to the decline phase of yeast growth the time of (being that fermentation time is that lag phase, logarithmic phase add stationary phase), and the time of preferred fermentation is 55-70 hour, more preferably 60-70 hour.
Material just can obtain tunning ethanol after by fermentation, according to the requirement (requiring the purity of ethanol to reach more than 99% such as fuel alcohol) of different Industrial products, can adopt diverse ways to extract ethanol, for example distills, concentrates, dewaters.
Introduce the method enforcement principle that employing potato raw material provided by the invention prepares ethanol below in conjunction with Fig. 1-4.
Process under the fresh potato raw material situation in the method for using employing potato raw material provided by the invention to prepare ethanol, described housing 22 disassembles from potato class peeling equipment 21.Start drive unit, described cylinder 24 and spiral feeder 25 are rotated around central shaft; Under the pushing effect of windmill feeder 26, fresh potato raw material is added in the cylinder 24, because the feed end of described peeling device is higher than discharge end, therefore, fresh potato raw material is under downward gravity and action of centrifugal force, and under the pushing effect of spiral feeder 25, fresh potato raw material constantly moves forward; Simultaneously fresh potato raw material rotates with described cylinder 24 and spiral feeder 25, in rotating process, rub between the fresh potato raw material, also rub between fresh potato raw material and cylinder wall and the spiral feeder 25, thereby the epidermis of fresh potato raw material is removed.Potato raw material after the peeling is transported in the shredding unit 2 and pulverizes, the product after pulverizing is made slurry, slurry is mixed with enzyme carry out enzymolysis, obtain enzymolysis product, and by fermentation unit enzymolysis product is fermented, thereby make ethanol.
Under the situation of the potato raw material that the method processing of using employing potato raw material provided by the invention to prepare ethanol is done, in the described potato class peeling equipment 21 housing 22 is installed.Under the pushing effect of windmill feeder 26, the potato raw material of doing is added in the housing 22, and because the feed end of described peeling device is higher than discharge end, therefore, the potato raw material of doing constantly moves forward, and is transported in the shredding unit 2 and pulverizes, and the product after pulverizing is made slurry, slurry is mixed with enzyme carry out enzymolysis, obtain enzymolysis product, and make the enzymolysis product fermentation by fermentation unit, thereby make ethanol.
This shows that the method that employing potato raw material provided by the invention prepares ethanol both had been applicable to dried potato raw material, also was applicable to fresh potato raw material, thereby had improved plant factor greatly, had reduced cost.
The invention will be further described by the following examples.
Present embodiment is used for the method for explanation employing of the present invention cassava feedstock production ethanol.
(1) peeling and the pulverizing of new fresh cassava raw material
Shown in Fig. 1-4, described housing 22 is disassembled from potato class peeling equipment 21, in described potato class peeling equipment 21, described cylinder 24 is made by stainless steel, and interior diameter is 1.6 meters; Fix the hot rolled ribbed steel bar (trade mark is HRB335, and nominal diameter is 12 millimeters) that 40 length are 1.5 meters on the inner wall of rotary drum, cylinder 24 is mounted obliquely within on the support 23, and the angle of inclination is 5 degree.Screwfeed device 25 is made by rubber, and pitch is 0.5 meter, and thread depth is 0.2 meter; Screwfeed device 25 is fixedly connected on the inwall of cylinder 24 by fastening piece.Drive unit comprises electric motor, transmission chain and sprocket 27; Sprocket wheel 27 is fixed on the cylinder 24, and transmission chain is given sprocket wheel with the transmission of power of electric motor, and power of electric motor is 5.5 kilowatts.
Actuating motor makes cylinder 24 and screwfeed device 25 rotate (rotating speed is 7 rev/mins) around the central shaft of cylinder; The new fresh cassava of double centner surface clean of results is added in the cylinder 24 continuously.In the cylinder rotating process, rub between the new fresh cassava, also rub between new fresh cassava and cylinder wall and the spiral feeder 25, thereby remove the peel.Then, cassava after will removing the peel by the MS40 scraper conveyor is transported in the SFSP series beater disintegrating machine and pulverizes, and obtaining average particulate diameter is 96 kilograms of crushed products of 2.1 millimeters (using the AccuSizerTM 780 optics particle diameter detectors of U.S. PPS company to record).
Get the above-mentioned crushed products of 20 grams, utilize the standard detecting method EPA335.3 of American National Environmental Protection Agency detection cyanide content wherein, note is C
1
The fresh cassava of the surface clean before the peeling is pulverized (average particulate diameter is 0.8mm) form slurry, from the slurry that obtains, get 20 grams, add 180 gram distilled water, make sample to be detected, utilize the standard detecting method EPA335.3 of American National Environmental Protection Agency detection cyanide content wherein, note is C
2
Calculate the clearance of peeling back prussiate by following formula:
ε
2＝(C
2-0.96C
1)/C
2×100％
The prussiate clearance that calculates is 76%.
(2) slurrying, enzymolysis and fermentation
The crushed products of step (1) is mixed with 35 kg water, in powder slurry jar, carry out slurrying; The slurry that makes is injected enzymatic vessel, regulates pH value to 5, be heated to 80 ℃ after, with the dry weight basis of every gram crushed products, add the α-Dian Fenmei (Novozymes Company buys) of 20 enzyme activity units, and be incubated enzymolysis down at 80 ℃ and obtain enzymolysis product after 60 minutes; Make the temperature of enzymolysis product be down to 33 ℃, in the weight of every gram enzymolysis product, inoculation 10
5The distillery yeast of colony-forming unit (the super highly active dry yeast in Angel, Hubei Angel Yeast stock company), the gained mixture under 33 ℃ in fermentor tank stir culture 65 hours, at 100 ℃ of distillation gained tunnings, the gained distillation fraction can get 13.9 kilograms of ethanol at 78.3 ℃ of following second distillations.
Present embodiment is used for the method for explanation employing of the present invention cassava feedstock production ethanol.
(1) pulverizing of dried cassava raw material
Shown in Fig. 1-4, will in the described potato class peeling equipment 21 described housing 22 be installed, in described potato class peeling equipment 21, described cylinder 24 is formed from steel, and interior diameter is 1.6 meters; Fix the hot rolled ribbed steel bar (trade mark is HRB335, and nominal diameter is 12 millimeters) that 40 length are 1.5 meters on the inner wall of rotary drum, cylinder 24 is mounted obliquely within on the support 23, and the angle of inclination is 5 degree.Screwfeed device 25 is made by rubber, and pitch is 0.5 meter, and thread depth is 0.2 meter; Screwfeed device 25 is fixedly connected on the inwall of cylinder 24 by fastening piece.Drive unit comprises electric motor, transmission chain and sprocket 27; Sprocket wheel 27 is fixed on the cylinder 24, and transmission chain is given sprocket wheel with the transmission of power of electric motor, and power of electric motor is 5.5 kilowatts.
By windmill feeder 26 40 kilograms of dried cassava raw materials are added in the housing 22 continuously, and be transported in the SFSP series beater disintegrating machine by the MS40 scraper conveyor and pulverize, obtaining average particulate diameter is 38.5 kilograms of crushed products of 2.2 millimeters (using the AccuSizerTM 780 optics particle diameter detectors of U.S. PPS company to record).
(2) slurrying, enzymolysis and fermentation
The crushed products of step (1) is mixed with double centner water, in powder slurry jar, carry out slurrying; The slurry that makes is injected enzymatic vessel, regulates pH value to 5, be heated to 80 ℃ after, with the dry weight basis of every gram crushed products, add the α-Dian Fenmei (Novozymes Company buys) of 20 enzyme activity units, and be incubated enzymolysis down at 80 ℃ and obtain enzymolysis product after 60 minutes; Make the temperature of enzymolysis product be down to 33 ℃, in the weight of every gram enzymolysis product, inoculation 10
5The distillery yeast of colony-forming unit (the super highly active dry yeast in Angel, Hubei Angel Yeast stock company), the gained mixture under 33 ℃ in fermentor tank stir culture 65 hours, at 100 ℃ of distillation gained tunnings, the gained distillation fraction can get 14.6 kilograms of ethanol at 78.3 ℃ of following second distillations.
Claims (14)
1. method that adopts potato raw material to prepare ethanol, this method comprises pulverizes potato raw material, product after pulverizing is made slurry, slurry is mixed with enzyme carry out enzymolysis, obtain enzymolysis product, and this enzymolysis product that ferments, it is characterized in that, described pulverizing is carried out in potato class crushing system, this potato class crushing system comprises peeling device (1) and shredding unit (2), described peeling device (1) comprises peeling equipment (21) and housing (22), this peeling equipment comprises support (23), cylinder (24), spiral feeder (25) and drive unit, cylinder (24) is installed in rotation on the support (23), described spiral feeder (25) is arranged in cylinder (24) and fixedlys connected with the inwall of cylinder, described drive unit is used for head roll (24) and spiral feeder (25) rotates together, and described housing (22) is removably mounted in the cylinder (24), and described spiral feeder (25) is positioned between described housing (22) and the cylinder (24), and the method for described pulverizing comprises:
Described housing (22) is installed in the cylinder (24), potato raw material is supplied in the housing (22) of peeling device (1), and make potato raw material pulverize the potato raw material of described potato raw material for doing by removing the peel to enter in the shredding unit (2) behind the device (1).
2. method according to claim 1, wherein, described housing (22) is cylinder.
3. method according to claim 1 and 2, wherein, the axis of described housing (22) is parallel or overlapping with the axis of cylinder (24).
4. method according to claim 1 and 2, wherein, the two ends of described housing (22) removably are connected with the two ends of cylinder (24) respectively.
5. method according to claim 1 and 2, wherein, the length of described housing (22) is not less than the length of cylinder (24).
6. method according to claim 1 and 2, wherein, the minor increment between the inboard of the outer wall of described housing (22) and described potato class peeling equipment is greater than 0.
7. method according to claim 6, wherein, the minor increment between the inboard of the outer wall of described housing (22) and described potato class peeling equipment is the 0.1-3 millimeter.
8. method according to claim 1 and 2, wherein, the thickness of described housing (22) is the 1.5-3 millimeter.
9. method according to claim 1 and 2, wherein, the axis of described housing (22) and the angle between the horizontal plane are the 2-8 degree.
10. method according to claim 1, wherein, described peeling device also comprises windmill feeder (26), this windmill feeder (26) is to described cylinder (24) or housing (22) feed.
11. method according to claim 1 wherein, in described slurry, is benchmark with the gross weight of slurry, the content of potato raw material is 15-35 weight %.
12. method according to claim 1, wherein, the enzyme that described enzymolysis uses comprises amylase, and with the dry weight basis of every gram potato raw material, described diastatic consumption is the 4-50 enzyme activity unit; The temperature of described enzymolysis is 50-110 ℃, and the time of described enzymolysis is 20-240 minute, and the pH value of described enzymolysis is 3-7.
13. method according to claim 12, wherein, described amylase is one or more in α-Dian Fenmei, saccharifying enzyme, transfering grape glycosidase and the phosphoesterase.
14. method according to claim 1, wherein, in every gram enzymolysis product, the inoculum size of the employed yeast of described fermentation is 10
3-10
8Colony-forming unit, the temperature of described fermentation are 30-36 ℃, and the time of fermentation is 55-75 hour.
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