CN101289675B - Process for producing ethanol by using potatoes as raw material - Google Patents

Process for producing ethanol by using potatoes as raw material Download PDF

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CN101289675B
CN101289675B CN200810056215XA CN200810056215A CN101289675B CN 101289675 B CN101289675 B CN 101289675B CN 200810056215X A CN200810056215X A CN 200810056215XA CN 200810056215 A CN200810056215 A CN 200810056215A CN 101289675 B CN101289675 B CN 101289675B
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cylinder
raw material
potato
peeling
enzymolysis
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CN101289675A (en
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姜勇
高士良
刘志民
林海龙
王旭
张永新
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Cofco Corp
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Cofco Corp
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Priority to PCT/CN2008/073880 priority patent/WO2009092274A1/en
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
    • C12P7/00—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds
    • C12P7/02—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds containing a hydroxy group
    • C12P7/04—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds containing a hydroxy group acyclic
    • C12P7/06—Ethanol, i.e. non-beverage
    • C12P7/08—Ethanol, i.e. non-beverage produced as by-product or from waste or cellulosic material substrate
    • C12P7/10—Ethanol, i.e. non-beverage produced as by-product or from waste or cellulosic material substrate substrate containing cellulosic material
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel

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Abstract

The invention provides a method of using potato raw material to prepare ethanol. The method comprises the steps of peeling the potato raw material, crushing the peeled potato raw material, mixing the crushed product with enzyme for enzyme digestion to obtain a zymohydrolysis product; fermenting the zymohydrolysis product, wherein potato peeling equipment is used in the potato raw material peeling method, which comprises a machine base, a roller, a spiral feeder and a driving device, the roller can be arranged on the machine base rotationally and is provided with a feeding port and a discharging port, the spiral feeder is arranged in the roller and is fixedly connected with the inner wall of the roller, and the driving device is used to drive the roller and the spiral feeder to rotate together; the peeling method comprises the steps of placing the potato raw material into the roller via the feeding port and using the driving device to drive the roller and the spiral feeder to rotate together. The method can improve the productivity of the ethanol.

Description

Utilize potato raw material to prepare the alcoholic acid method
Technical field
The invention relates to the alcoholic acid preparation method, more specifically about utilizing potato raw material to prepare the alcoholic acid method.
Background technology
The potato class, for example Ipomoea batatas, potato, cassava etc., therefore rich in starch being widely used in fields such as fermentation sugaring, system starch.
Cassava is tropical and the subtropics is perennial, the annual potato in temperate zone belongs to shrub, originates in South America, and suiting in medial temperature is 25-29 ℃, the low latitudes growth of quantity of precipitation 1000-1500 millimeter every year.Before 1820, cassava is passed to southern china greatly, mainly in Guangdong, the plantation of Guangxi and Hainan, expand provinces such as Yunnan, Fujian, Guizhou now gradually to.Cassava is divided into two classes: bitter manioc (poisonous cassava) and sweet taste cassava (nontoxic cassava).The main chemical compositions of fresh tapioca root is a water, secondly is carbohydrate, also has less protein, fat and the pectin of some content.The fresh cassava starch content reaches 25-30 weight %.
The general thick 4-8 of sophisticated cassava centimetre, long 20-30 centimetre, potato shape tubbiness, be the short cylindrical shape, cassava structure from inside to outside is followed successively by potato meat and epidermis, and epidermis comprises entocuticle and exterior skin, exterior skin is a Vandyke brown, and an adularescent circular fringes, entocuticle and potato meat are white.
The epidermis of cassava particularly contains prussiate and a kind of cyanogen glucoside---phaseolunatin that can cause food poisoning in the entocuticle.Phaseolunatin is hydrolyzed the back and produces prussic acid.Prussic acid and prussiate all have severe toxicity, and it is very fast to poison.The prussiate toxin if do not remove the inactivation that can cause enzyme in the enzymolysis process and fermenting process in the yeast poison deactivation, thereby influence follow-up enzymolysis and fermenting process.Therefore, existing utilize potato raw material particularly cassava prepare the alcoholic acid method and generally comprise earlier, and then pulverizing, enzymolysis and fermentation the potato raw material peeling.
Now general artificial peeling or the simple machine barking of adopting rubs the epidermis of cassava or the epidermis of cassava reamed by rubbing effect.Because the epidermis of cassava particularly entocuticle is close on the potato meat, therefore, when removing the peel by rubbing effect, decortication effect is bad, also have quite a few epidermis to remain in the cassava surface, thereby make prussiate in the cassava residual big (the prussiate clearance is about 40-50%), cause yeast poison deactivation in the inactivation of enzyme in the enzymolysis process and the fermenting process, and then influence alcohol yied; Perhaps, when the epidermis of cassava is reamed, be easy to potato meat is got rid of, thereby lose a large amount of raw materials, also reduce alcohol yied inevitably.Existing utilize potato raw material particularly cassava to prepare the alcohol yied of alcoholic acid method lower.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome the lower shortcoming of the existing alcohol yied that utilizes potato raw material to prepare the alcoholic acid method, provide a kind of potato raw material that utilizes that can improve alcohol yied effectively to prepare the alcoholic acid method.
The invention provides a kind of potato raw material that utilizes and prepare the alcoholic acid method, this method comprises to be pulverized potato raw material peeling with the potato raw material after the peeling, with the product after pulverizing mix with enzyme, enzymolysis, obtain enzymolysis product; This enzymolysis product ferments, wherein, the method of described potato raw material peeling is used a potato seed class peeling equipment, this potato class peeling equipment comprises support 1, cylinder 2, spiral feeder 3 and drive unit, cylinder 2 is installed in rotation on the support 1, cylinder 2 has opening for feed 4 and discharge port 5, and described screwfeed device 3 is arranged in cylinder 2 and fixedlys connected with the inwall of cylinder, and described drive unit is used for head roll 2 and screwfeed device 3 rotates together; The method of this potato raw material peeling comprises to be put into potato raw material in the described cylinder 2 by described opening for feed 4, utilizes described drive unit head roll 2 and screwfeed device 3 to rotate together.
According to barking method of the present invention the cassava raw material is removed the peel, the clearance of prussiate can reach more than 75%, and loss rate of raw materials can remain on below the 5 weight %, thereby helps improving ethanol yield.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the front view of the used potato class peeling equipment of potato raw material barking method of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the vertical profile synoptic diagram of described potato class peeling equipment;
Fig. 3 is the cross-sectional synoptic diagram of the annexation of expression sprocket wheel and cylinder.
Embodiment
The potato raw material that utilizes provided by the invention prepares the alcoholic acid method, and this method comprises to be pulverized potato raw material peeling with the potato raw material after the peeling, with the product after pulverizing mix with enzyme, enzymolysis, obtain enzymolysis product; This enzymolysis product that ferments, wherein, the method for described potato raw material peeling is used a potato seed class peeling equipment.
As depicted in figs. 1 and 2, this peeling equipment comprises support 1, cylinder 2, spiral feeder 3 and drive unit (not shown), cylinder 2 rotationally, be mounted obliquely within on the support 1, cylinder 2 has opening for feed 4 and discharge port 5, described screwfeed device 3 is arranged in cylinder 2 and fixedlys connected with the inwall of cylinder, and described drive unit is used for head roll 2 and screwfeed device 3 rotates together.The method of potato raw material peeling is comprised that potato raw material puts in the described cylinder 2 by described opening for feed 4, utilize described drive unit head roll 2 and screwfeed device 3 to rotate together.The velocity of rotation of head roll 2 and screwfeed device 3 can be 2-50 rev/min, is preferably 5-25 rev/min.Under the pushing effect of screwfeed device 3, potato raw material constantly moves forward; Potato raw material is along with cylinder 2 and screwfeed device 3 rotate simultaneously, in rotation process, rub between the potato raw material, also rub between potato raw material and cylinder wall and the screwfeed device, thereby the epidermis of potato class is got rid of, and the potato class after the peeling is discharged from discharge port 5.
Described cylinder 2 can be made by various anti-abrasive materials, for example, and steel, rubber or rigid plastics.Can also be provided with spray equipment in the described cylinder 2, spray equipment can be fixedly mounted on the inwall of cylinder, and is positioned at the position near the opening for feed of cylinder.Described spray equipment can be the various spray equipments of routine.According to the present invention, this method can also be included in the peeling process water sprayed on the potato raw material by spray equipment the dirt on the potato raw material (as earth, impurity etc.) is got rid of.Described injection flow rate is not particularly limited, as long as guarantee the dirt on the potato raw material is removed.
Under the preferable case, as shown in Figure 1, described cylinder 2 comprises first section cylinder 2a and second section cylinder 2b from the entrance end to the exit end, and first section cylinder 2a and second section cylinder 2b are communicated with, and are provided with spray equipment among second section cylinder 2b.Spray equipment can be fixedly mounted on the inwall of second section cylinder 2b, and is positioned at the position near the opening for feed of second section cylinder.
According to method of the present invention,, also has friction structure on the inwall of described cylinder 2 in order to reach better decortication effect.Described friction structure can be preferably one or more Ribbed Bar, more preferably multi-ribbon rib steel muscle for various shaggy structures.Ribbed Bar has cross rib, can use the hot rolled ribbed steel bar and the cold rolled reinforcing steel bar with ribs of conventional all size, as meets the Ribbed Bar of GB1499-1998 regulation.The nominal diameter of Ribbed Bar can be the 6-25 millimeter, is preferably the 8-20 millimeter; The cross rib spacing can be the 3-16 millimeter, is preferably the 4-12 millimeter.The trade mark of Ribbed Bar includes but not limited to HRB335, HRB400 and HRB500.Described Ribbed Bar is fixedlyed connected with the inwall of cylinder 2, and in the cylinder rotation process, Ribbed Bar can play rubbing effect to potato raw material.For the ease of fixedly connected Ribbed Bar on the inwall of cylinder 2, Ribbed Bar is preferably parallel with the central axis of cylinder 2.
Described cylinder 2 can flatly or be mounted obliquely within on the support 1.When described cylinder was flatly installed, potato raw material moved forward under the pushing effect of screwfeed device 3, finally discharged from the discharge port of cylinder.When described cylinder was installed obliquely, the position of opening for feed was than discharge port height, and potato raw material can also move down (promptly moving forward) by the action of gravity of self.The angle of inclination of cylinder 2 can be the 0-15 degree, is preferably the 5-10 degree; The length of cylinder 2 can be 2-10 rice, is preferably 3.5-7 rice.When cylinder comprised described first section cylinder and second section cylinder, length herein was meant the length sum of first section cylinder and second section cylinder.Described angle of inclination is meant the central shaft and the horizontal angle of cylinder.There is no particular limitation to the interior diameter of cylinder, can remove the peel the amount of the potato raw material of processing as required and select suitable cylinder interior diameter, and generally speaking, the cylinder interior diameter can be 1-2 rice.
Described screwfeed device 3 can be the various screwfeed devices of mechanical field routine.Described screwfeed device 3 can be connected by the various fixedly connected mode of routine on the inwall of cylinder 2, and for example, as shown in Figure 2, screwfeed device 3 is fixedly connected on the inwall of cylinder 2 by fastening piece 8.In order to reach better decortication effect, the pitch of described screwfeed device 3 is preferably 0.3-0.8 rice, and thread depth is preferably 0.1-0.4 rice.The screwfeed device can be made by various anti-abrasive materials, for example, and steel, rubber, nylon.
The present invention is not particularly limited described drive unit, as long as energy head roll 2 and screwfeed device 3 rotate together.For example, described drive unit can comprise drive source, transmission chain and sprocket 6.As shown in Figure 3, sprocket wheel 6 is fixed on the cylinder 2.When cylinder 2 comprises first section cylinder 2a and second section cylinder 2b, preferably sprocket wheel 6 is installed between first section cylinder 2a and the second section cylinder 2b.Because cylinder 2 is installed in rotation on the support 1, so transmission chain is when giving sprocket wheel with the transmission of power of drive source, and sprocket wheel can drive cylinder and rotate.Rotating mounting means can be the whole bag of tricks of routine, for example, can use supporting roll or bracing frame that roller shelves is located on the support, and cylinder can be rotated around central shaft.Drive source can be for the various devices that can produce power, as electric motor.
For the ease of charging, this peeling equipment can also comprise windmill feeder 7.Shown in Fig. 1 or 2, windmill feeder 7 is installed on the opening for feed 4 of cylinder.Windmill feeder 7 can be the various windmill feeders of mechanical field routine.
To adopt potato class peeling equipment of the present invention be between the potato raw material that utilizes in cylinder and the effect of the frictional force between potato raw material and the barrel and potato raw material is removed the peel.According to barking method of the present invention the cassava raw material is removed the peel, the clearance of prussiate can reach more than 75%, and loss rate of raw materials can remain on below the 5 weight %, thereby helps improving ethanol yield.
Described potato raw material can be various potato raw materials, and as Ipomoea batatas, potato, cassava etc., the potato raw material that adopts in the specific embodiments of the present invention is a cassava.Owing to may contain earth, sandstone impurity and iron contamination in the potato raw material, can cause damage to peeling equipment, therefore, according to method of the present invention, before can also comprising peeling potato raw material is carried out pretreated routine operation, described pretreated step generally comprises the step of removing impurity and cleaning.As, after fresh cassava is gathered, remove earth, root, palpus and impurity such as wooden part and sandstone on the cassava.And cassava cleaned, the method and apparatus of described cleaning is conventionally known to one of skill in the art.
According to the present invention, described breaking method can be the breaking method of this area routine, as long as the weave construction of cassava is destroyed, makes small starch granules can disintegrate from tapioca root, separate and get final product.For example, can adopt dry type to pulverize or case of wet attrition, the difference between two kinds of grinding modes mainly is whether cassava is mixed with water.Case of wet attrition comprises mixes the cassava after the peeling with water, carry out one or many then and pulverize.The average particulate diameter of the product after the pulverizing is preferably the 1.5-10 millimeter.The weight ratio of cassava and water can be 1: 0.2-5 is preferably 1: 0.5-2.Can use conventional various pulverizers, for example SFSP series beater disintegrating machine.
Described enzymolysis step can be finished by this area method commonly used, such as adding microbes producing cellulase and/or enzyme in crushed products, is incubated under the growth temperature of microbes producing cellulase and/or the great-hearted temperature of enzyme and finishes.Described microbes producing cellulase be can secreting amylase microbes producing cellulase.Described enzyme comprises amylase.
Because microorganism growth can produce by product, the therefore preferred enzyme that directly adds.The consumption of described enzyme is The more the better, for cost consideration, the dry weight basis of the product after preferably pulverizing with every gram, described diastatic consumption is the 4-50 enzyme activity unit, the dry weight basis of the product after more preferably pulverizing with every gram, described diastatic consumption is the 10-30 enzyme activity unit.
The enzyme activity unit of enzyme of the present invention can in the pH value be 6.0, temperature is that 1 minute is converted into the required enzyme amount of glucose with 1 milligram of starch is an enzyme activity unit under 70 ℃ the condition.
The temperature of described enzymolysis can be diastatic any optimum temperature, is generally 50-90 ℃, more preferably 60-70 ℃.The longer the better on the time theory of described enzymolysis, considers plant factor, and the time of preferred described enzymolysis is 20-240 minute, more preferably 30-120 minute.The pH value of described enzymolysis can be generally 3.0-7.0 for diastatic the suitableeest any action pH, and more preferably the pH value is 5.0-6.0.Because the fluctuation of pH value is little in the enzymolysis process, therefore the pH value of described enzymolysis can be regulated before adding enzyme according to this area method commonly used, for example earlier crushed products and water or substratum (are enzyme-addedly generally mixed with water, add microbes producing cellulase generally with the substratum of this microorganism) mix, the solid content that generally makes the gained mixture is 20-40 weight %, pH value according to the gained mixture, the mixture pH regulator that to treat enzymolysis with sulphuric acid soln or sodium hydroxide more preferably is adjusted to the pH value and is 5.0-6.0 to 3.0-7.0.
Amylase is the general name of class of enzymes that can the starch-splitting glycosidic link, and described amylase generally comprises α-Dian Fenmei, beta-amylase, saccharifying enzyme and isoamylase.Enzyme of the present invention comprises amylase.
α-Dian Fenmei claims starch 1 again, the 4-dextrinase, and it can cut the α-1 of starch chain inside at random, brokenly, and the 4-glycosidic link is hydrolyzed to starch maltose, contains the oligosaccharides of 6 glucose units and has the oligosaccharides of side chain.The microorganism that produces this enzyme mainly has Bacillus subtilus, aspergillus niger, aspergillus oryzae and head mold.
Beta-amylase claims starch 1 again, and 4-maltoside enzyme can cut 1 from the starch molecule non reducing end, and the 4-glycosidic link generates maltose.The product that this enzyme acts on starch is maltose and limit dextrin.This enzyme is mainly produced by aspergillus, head mold and endomyces.
Saccharifying enzyme claims starch α-1 again, the 4-glucuroide, and this enzyme acts on the non reducing end of starch molecule, is unit with glucose, acts on the α-1 in the starch molecule successively, and the 4-glycosidic link generates glucose.The product that this enzyme acts on behind the amylopectin has glucose and has α-1, the oligosaccharides of 6-glycosidic link; The product that acts on after the amylose starch almost all is a glucose.This enzyme produces bacterium mainly to be aspergillus niger (left U.S. aspergillus, Aspergillus awamori), head mold (snow-white enzyme, De Shi head mold), to intend endomyces, monascus.
Isoamylase claims starch α-1 again, and 6-glucuroide, branching enzyme, this enzyme act on the α-1 at amylopectin molecule branching-point place, and the 6-glycosidic link is with whole side chain cutting-out the becoming amylose starch of amylopectin.It mainly is to dislike bacteriums such as gas bacillus, genus bacillus and some false monospore bacillus that this enzyme produces bacterium.
The enzyme that preferred described enzymolysis uses also comprises phosphoesterase.Because the phosphoric acid dextrin hydrolysis that phosphoesterase can make phosphoric acid and alcoholic hydroxyl be combined into ester becomes glucose, and discharge phosphoric acid, have the power that extremely significantly liquefies, so the enzyme that enzymolysis uses comprises phosphoesterase, hydrolyzed starch more fully is to increase alcohol yied.
The microorganism of monose such as glucose and/or fructose, oligosaccharides such as sucrose and/or semi-lactosi of can fermenting may be used to fermenting process of the present invention, because yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae is the microorganism of the zymohexose that ethanol-tolerant, by product are few, alcohol yied is high of widespread usage on the wine industry, therefore the employed yeast of preferred described fermentation is a yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae.
In every gram enzymolysis product, the employed zymic inoculum size of described fermentation is 10 3-10 8Colony-forming unit, more preferably 10 4-10 6Colony-forming unit.
Described colony-forming unit is defined as the method for a certain amount of bacterium liquid after the dilution by cast or coating, allows unicellular being dispersed in one by one on the culture medium flat plate of microorganism in it, and after waiting to cultivate, each viable cell just forms a bacterium colony.It is the single celled number that contains in every milliliter of bacterium liquid.
Employed yeast is fermented in the present invention can be for being purchased yeast solids preparation (such as dried yeast powder) or barms, such as No. 2 (Rasse II) yeast in Lars, have another name called No. two yeast of Germany, No. 12 (Rasse XII) yeast in Lars, have another name called Germany No. 12 yeast, K word yeast, No. five yeast in Nanyang (1300) and Nanyang mixed yeasts (1308).Described zymic colony-forming unit can be measured by means commonly known in the art, such as the methylene blue staining viable bacteria counting method.The concrete grammar of methylene blue staining viable bacteria counting method is as follows:
1 gram dried yeast powder is dissolved in 10 ml sterile waters, or 1 milliliter of actication of culture liquid is diluted to 10 milliliters with sterilized water, add 0.5 milliliter of 0.1 weight % methylene blue, be incubated 30 minutes down at 35 ℃.Under 10 times of opticmicroscopes,, can get the number of viable bacteria in 1 gram dry yeast or the 1 milliliter of actication of culture liquid, i.e. colony forming single-digit with the number (dead bacterium dyeing, viable bacteria is not dyeed) of viable bacteria in the solution after the blood counting chamber counting insulation.
Described yeast can adopt conventional method inoculation, for example adds the seed liquor of 5-15 volume % in enzymolysis product.Described seed liquor can be the aqueous solution or the culture medium solution of dry yeast, also can or be purchased the activated seed liquid of bacterial classification for dry yeast.
The temperature of described fermentation can be any temperature that is suitable for yeast growth, is preferably 30-36 ℃, more preferably 30-33 ℃.The pH value is 4-6, is preferably 4-4.5.The time of described fermentation can be for beginning from inoculation to occur to the decline phase of yeast growth the time of (being that fermentation time is that lag phase, logarithmic phase add stationary phase), and the time of preferred fermentation is 55-70 hour, more preferably 60-70 hour.Tunning ethanol can be with conventional method, according to requirement (requiring alcoholic acid purity to reach more than 99% such as the fuel alcohol) separation and refining of different Industrial products, such as distilling, concentrate, dewatering.
The present invention will be described in more detail below by embodiment.
Used cassava raw material is the new fresh cassava with a collection of results among the embodiment, and thick 4-8 centimetre, long 20-30 centimetre, water content is about 65 weight %.
Embodiment 1
Present embodiment is used to illustrate employing cassava feedstock production alcoholic acid method of the present invention.
(1) peeling of cassava raw material and pulverizing
Be prepared as follows the peeling equipment shown in Fig. 1,2 and 3.
Cylinder 2 comprises first section cylinder 2a and second section cylinder 2b from top to bottom, and first section cylinder 2a and second section cylinder 2b are communicated with, and the length of first section cylinder 2a and second section cylinder 2b is respectively 1.8 meters and 1.6 meters; Described cylinder 2 is formed from steel, and interior diameter is 1.6 meters; (trade mark is HRB335 to fix the hot rolled ribbed steel bar that 40 length are 1.5 meters on the inwall of first section cylinder 2a, nominal diameter is 12 millimeters), each bar hot rolled ribbed steel bar is parallel with the central axis of cylinder, each bar hot rolled ribbed steel bar distributes equally spacedly along the circumference of inner wall of rotary drum, and the circumferential distance between adjacent two hot rolled ribbed steel bars is 0.125 meter; (trade mark is HRB500 to fix the hot rolled ribbed steel bar that 50 length are 1.2 meters on the inwall of second section cylinder 2b, nominal diameter is 16 millimeters), each bar hot rolled ribbed steel bar is parallel with the central axis of cylinder, each bar hot rolled ribbed steel bar distributes equally spacedly along the circumference of inner wall of rotary drum, and the circumferential distance between adjacent two hot rolled ribbed steel bars is 0.1 meter; Cylinder 2 is mounted obliquely within on the support 1, and the angle of inclination is 5 degree.Screwfeed device 3 is made by rubber, and pitch is 0.5 meter, and thread depth is 0.2 meter; Screwfeed device 3 is fixedly connected on the inwall of cylinder 2 by fastening piece 8.Drive unit comprises electric motor, transmission chain and sprocket 6; Sprocket wheel 6 is fixed on the cylinder 2, and transmission chain is given sprocket wheel with the transmission of power of electric motor, and power of electric motor is 5.5 kilowatts.
Actuating motor makes cylinder 2 and screwfeed device 3 rotate (rotating speed is 7 rev/mins) around the central shaft of cylinder; The new fresh cassava of double centner surface clean of results is joined in the cylinder 2 by opening for feed 4 continuously, and the cassava after the peeling is discharged from discharge port 5, collects and obtains 96 kilograms of cassava raw materials after the peeling.
With the disk after being cut into about 1 centimetre after these 96 kilograms of cassava raw materials cleanings, with SFSP series beater disintegrating machine the cassava slice after removing the peel is pulverized then, the method of described pulverizing comprises that the cassava after will removing the peel earlier pulverizes, and obtaining average particulate diameter is 96 kilograms of crushed products of 6 millimeters (using the AccuSizerTM 780 optics particle diameter detectors of U.S. PPS company to record).
Get the above-mentioned crushed products of 20 grams, utilize the standard detecting method EPA335.3 of American National Environmental Protection Agency detection cyanide content wherein, note is C1.
The fresh cassava of the surface clean before the peeling is pulverized (average particulate diameter is 0.8mm) form slurry, from the slurry that obtains, get 20 grams, add 180 gram distilled water, make sample to be detected, utilize the standard detecting method EPA335.3 of American National Environmental Protection Agency detection cyanide content wherein, note is C2.
Calculate the clearance of peeling back prussiate by following formula:
ε 2＝(C2-0.96C1)/C2×100％
The prussiate clearance that calculates is 76%.
(2) enzymolysis
The crushed products of step (1) is mixed with 35 kg water, regulate pH value to 5, be heated to 80 ℃ after, with the dry weight basis of every gram crushed products, the α-Dian Fenmei (Novozymes Company buys) that adds 20 enzyme activity units, and the insulation enzymolysis obtained enzymolysis product after 60 minutes under 80 ℃.
(3) fermentation
Make the temperature of enzymolysis product reduce to 33 ℃, in the weight of every gram enzymolysis product, inoculation 10 5The distillery yeast of colony-forming unit (the super highly active dry yeast in Angel, Hubei Angel Yeast stock company), the gained mixture under 33 ℃ in fermentor tank stir culture 65 hours, at 100 ℃ of distillation gained tunnings, the gained distillation fraction can get 13.9 kilograms of ethanol at 78.3 ℃ of following second distillations.Calculate alcohol yied according to following formula:
The fresh weight of alcohol yied=100% * ethanol weight/cassava raw material
Calculating alcohol yied is 13.9%.
Comparative Examples 1
This Comparative Examples is used to illustrate existing employing cassava feedstock production alcoholic acid method.
Method according to embodiment 1 prepares ethanol, makes 12.6 kilograms of ethanol, and different is that the method for the artificial peeling of employing scrapes off with the entocuticle of cutter with the cassava raw material in step (1), collects and obtains 96 kilograms of cassava raw materials after the peeling.Calculating alcohol yied according to the method identical with embodiment 1 is 12.6%.Measure cyanide content before and after the peeling according to the method identical, and to calculate the prussiate clearance be 62% with embodiment 1.
From The above results as can be seen, alcohol yied is 13.9% among the embodiment 1, and alcohol yied is 12.6% in the Comparative Examples 1, compares with Comparative Examples 1, and the alcohol yied among the embodiment 1 has improved 10.3%; From the prussiate clearance, the prussiate clearance of embodiment 1 is 76%, and the prussiate clearance of Comparative Examples 1 is 62% only, illustrates to adopt method of the present invention can greatly improve ethanol yield.

Claims (11)

1. one kind is utilized potato raw material to prepare the alcoholic acid method, and this method comprises to be pulverized potato raw material peeling with the potato raw material after the peeling, with the product after pulverizing mix with enzyme, enzymolysis, obtain enzymolysis product; This enzymolysis product ferments, it is characterized in that, the method of described potato raw material peeling is used a potato seed class peeling equipment, this potato class peeling equipment is by support (1), cylinder (2), spiral feeder (3) and drive unit are formed, cylinder (2) is installed in rotation on the support (1), cylinder (2) has opening for feed (4) and discharge port (5), described screwfeed device (3) is arranged in cylinder (2) and fixedlys connected with the inwall of cylinder, described cylinder (2) comprises first section cylinder (2a) and second section cylinder (2b) from the entrance end to the exit end, first section cylinder (2a) and second section cylinder (2b) are communicated with, and are provided with spray equipment in second section cylinder (2b); Described drive unit is used for head roll (2) and screwfeed device (3) rotates together; The method of this potato raw material peeling comprises to be put into potato raw material in the described cylinder (2) by described opening for feed (4), utilizes described drive unit head roll (2) and screwfeed device (3) to rotate together.
2. method according to claim 1 wherein, has friction structure on the inwall of described cylinder (2).
3. method according to claim 2, wherein, described friction structure is one or more Ribbed Bar.
4. method according to claim 3, wherein, described Ribbed Bar is parallel with the central axis of cylinder (2).
5. method according to claim 1, wherein, the angle of inclination of described cylinder (2) is the 0-15 degree, length is 2-10 rice; The velocity of rotation of cylinder (2) and screwfeed device (3) is 2-50 rev/min.
6. method according to claim 1 or 5, wherein, the pitch of described screwfeed device (3) is 0.3-0.8 rice, thread depth is a 0.1-0.4 rice.
7. method according to claim 1, wherein, described drive unit comprises drive source, transmission chain and sprocket (6), and sprocket wheel (6) is fixed on the cylinder (2), and transmission chain is given sprocket wheel with the transmission of power of drive source.
8. method according to claim 1, wherein, the average particulate diameter of the product after the pulverizing is the 1.5-10 millimeter.
9. method according to claim 1, wherein, the enzyme that described enzymolysis uses comprises amylase, with the dry weight basis of every gram potato raw material, described diastatic consumption is the 4-50 enzyme activity unit; The temperature of described enzymolysis is 50-90 ℃, and the time of described enzymolysis is 20-240 minute, and the pH value of described enzymolysis is 5-6.
10. method according to claim 9, wherein, described amylase is one or more in α-Dian Fenmei, saccharifying enzyme, transfering grape glycosidase and the phosphoesterase.
11. method according to claim 1, wherein, in every gram enzymolysis product, the employed zymic inoculum size of described fermentation is 10 3-10 8Colony-forming unit, the temperature of described fermentation are 30-33 ℃, and the time of fermentation is 50-75 hour.
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CN101289675B (en) * 2008-01-15 2011-03-09 中粮集团有限公司 Process for producing ethanol by using potatoes as raw material
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