CN102167140B - Method for measuring continuously-variable load precision of large-scale floating dock in floating state - Google Patents
Method for measuring continuously-variable load precision of large-scale floating dock in floating state Download PDFInfo
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- CN102167140B CN102167140B CN201110070450.4A CN201110070450A CN102167140B CN 102167140 B CN102167140 B CN 102167140B CN 201110070450 A CN201110070450 A CN 201110070450A CN 102167140 B CN102167140 B CN 102167140B
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of engineering ships, in particular to a method for measuring continuously-variable load precision of a large-scale floating dock in a floating state. The deck plane of the floating dock and the deck plane of a ship body are measured respectively by two electronic total stations (total stations for short), deformation data generated by the two electronic total stations in the ship body dragging process are fed back to a central control room at the same time based on a uniform reference, and the central control room is guided to perform water compressing adjustment or water discharging adjustment on the ballast tank of the floating dock. The method has the advantages that: the dynamic deformation of the floating dock and the ship body in the ship dragging process are instantly and statically fed back, and the instant deformation states of the floating dock and the ship are effectively measured, so that the central control room of the floating dock is guided to adjust the water compression in each ballast tank, the deformation precision and the launching safety of the ship body in the dragging process are ensured, a great number of working hours are saved, and the launching dragging efficiency is improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to engineering ship technical field, specifically refer to lasting variable load accuracy measurement method under the floading condition of a kind of large-scale floating drydock.
Background technology
After large ship is repaiied, has been made on the building berth of shipyard, known launching method is to adopt floating drydock Xia Shui, with instruments such as loop wheel machines, boats and ships are drawn on the slideway moving in floating drydock along the slideway of laying by building berth, floating drydock is a huge concave shape cabin, both sides have wall, front and back end to open wide, and are a kind of special flute profile flat-bottomed boats of constructing.The wing wall of dock bottom and both sides is box type construction, longitudinally and is laterally divided into the ballast tank of some sealings, is used for setting-out and draining, makes dock sink-float.The effect of hold buoyancy, can also be supported boats and ships except guaranteeing.The effect of wing wall is to guarantee that dock has necessary rigidity and the stability of swimming, and provides production required space.When hull enters floating drydock, as shown in Figure 1, docking floating drydock 101 and building berth 104, in ballast tank 103, pour water and make floating drydock 101 sink down into depressed place inner slide 102 to butt up against same plane with arine railway 102, the central axis of hull 105 is aimed at floating drydock 101, the four sides system at floating drydock 101 is connect to hawser and fix; With the winch being located on the 101 left and right wing walls of floating drydock, hull 105 is lain up along slideway 102 tractions.When hull 105 undocks, operating sequence is contrary, first ballast tank 103 is filled to water floating drydock 101 is sunk, and when hull 105 floats on the water surface, then allows the hull 105 of repairing, making roll voluntarily floating drydock 101 away from.
But hull 105 is drawing the stability of docking that must guarantee floating drydock 101 and building berth 104 in moving past journey, wigwag motion and the heave and set that can not make the generation of 101 sea, floating drydock exceed work permit scope change, and can not make arine railway 102 and right alignment and the building berth 104 of floating drydock slideway 102 exceed technique tolerance band with the difference of height of hull 105; Otherwise will make hull 105 produce irreversible deflection deformation, as high low on one side on one side, low between the senior middle school of two, low centre, two is high, the phenomenon that stem, ship stern misalign, thus cause ship to prop up structural damage.
The method of measurement adopting while utilizing at present water under floating drydock, to allow staff operate draft and slide rail right alignment that the measurers such as chi are measured floating drydock, and rely on centralized control room loading instrument to regulate ballast tank, and this method of measurement can only, at floating drydock when static state, just can draw floating drydock draft and slide rail right alignment accurately.In practical operation, on the sea that it is indefinite that floating drydock is positioned at that swellings, heaving and subsiding, if the coordinate at manual measurement floating drydock, will at every moment be subject to the irregular wave impact of milli, thereby cannot draw accurate observed reading, the working face precision at floating drydock be can not dynamically reflect in time, cannot anticipation and adjustment be carried out to floating drydock.Therefore draw must be careful in the extreme in moving past journey, often draw and move the just necessary coordinate of measuring floating drydock of a bit of distance, and it is a little unsettled to judge whether hull occurs, if occur unsettledly, just must stop drawing moving hull, and utilize centralized control room to adjust each ballast tank setting-out, to guarantee that the lower water of hull draws, move precision and lower water security, thereby causing hull to draw to move past journey is repeatedly interrupted, in order to wait for the adjustment at floating drydock, increase hull and drawn the time of moving lower water, expended a large amount of manpower and materials.On the other hand, because floating drydock is long tenure of use, all kinds of ship turnover depressed place methods different (just lying up and lying up with counter), can produce expendable permanent deformation to dock bottom, floating drydock plane, cause centralized control room loading instrument can not react actual value, cannot accurately learn the immediate status at floating drydock.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, and provide a kind of assurance under depressed place inner slide and arine railway level in the whole process that launches a ship and the higher large-scale floating drydock floading condition of the involutory precision of line of centers to continue variable load accuracy measurement method, in order to timely guidance, adjust floating dock state.
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions, utilize two electronic total stations (Electronic Total Station, hereinafter to be referred as total powerstation) respectively floating drydock deck level and deck in ship structure plane are measured, both are drawn to the deformation data that produces in the moving past journey benchmark based on unified at hull, side by side feed back to centralized control room, and guide centralized control room to carry out setting-out or draining adjustment to the ballast tank at floating drydock.Concrete steps are:
Concrete steps are as follows:
(1) draw and move the coarse adjustment of front floating drydock and carry, docking floating drydock and building berth, two parallel slideways are laid to floating drydock along building berth, utilize laser measuring apparatus to measure the bow on every slideway driving surface at floating drydock, midship, three points of stern (α, β, γ), and feed back to the loading instrument of centralized control room, thereby tentatively adjust the draft at floating drydock, the horizontal difference that is arranged on the slideway working face on Deck Working Space territory, floating drydock is controlled in the deviation range of technological requirement.
(2) draw and move the accurate adjustment of front floating drydock and carry, (square body line of centers is X-axis to utilize total powerstation self to give tacit consent to the system of axes of setting up, vertical hull line of centers is Y-axis, hull height direction is Z axis), slideway working face (comprising left and right slideway) is carried out to horizontal difference measurement, on slideway corresponding to each ballast tank, all there is correspondingly measurement point, according to result of a measurement, instruct centralized control room actv. to adjust and carry for each ballast tank, the horizontal difference of slideway working face (comprising left and right slideway) is controlled in the deviation range of technique formulation, the aviation value of all measurement points of calculating after adjustment completes
(n is measurement point quantity).
(3) determine lower water process monitoring point
(3.1) set monitoring point, floating drydock: definite slideway work center line after the slideway working face adjustment at floating drydock completes, and carry out mark, bench mark P1 point is got respectively at the two ends on a wherein slideway line of centers of determining
, P2 point
, and at depressed place bow, Zhong Ji depressed place, depressed place stern is provided with the mark post that posts light target that facilitates total powerstation monitoring, coordinate is respectively depressed place bow F
, depressed place midship M
, depressed place stern A
, Y wherein
=Y
=Y
=y, y is constant, and the convenience of measuring after lying up for the ease of ship, is advisable to exceed the width of hull, and hull just can not stop or interfere coordinate like this, thus impact is measured; Z
=Z
=Z
=
+ b,
for constant, according to the size of each ship, determine, b is the aviation value of slideway horizontal survey point, for convenience of immediately showing in monitor procedure that data-guiding centralized control room is adjusted, carries;
(3.2) set hull monitoring point: by total powerstation, at hull outside face, tabula rasa control point s1 ~ s7 is set, first with the position, tabula rasa control point of s1, s7 as the measurement point of total powerstation to determine the X-axis (square body center line) of total powerstation, and then determine successively the position of each tabula rasa control point, the center of all tabula rasas control point is in same level, and the spacing of tabula rasa control point X-direction is L; By measuring the tabula rasa control point on hull, each measures the variable quantity of moment drawing in moving past journey to calculate hull, thereby show that the amount of deflection in each region of hull changes, and adjusts the state at floating drydock in advance.
(4) process monitoring
(4.1) utilize total powerstation 61 monitoring monitoring points, floating drydock:
Choose benchmark, in building berth region, press the line of centers specification test line at definite floating drydock, the distance of check line-spacing line of centers is y+y
(y
for constant offset, according to the size of all kinds of ships, determine), in building berth bow stern appropriate location, select B1 point
, B2 point
as bench mark, set up system of axes, according to right-hand rule, can learn that (it is X-axis that thumb points to B2 by B1 to each change in coordinate axis direction; All the other four finger points upwards are Z axis; Pointing to oneself is Y-axis).
According to choosing benchmark, measure F point, M point, A point, by comparing
the positive and negative relation of size (just representing to be partial to Y-axis forward, negative indication deflection Y-axis negative sense) instructs centralized control room to pass through the line of centers that depressed place bower anchor winch is adjusted floating drydock, and the centerline deviation of floating dock and building berth is controlled in the accuracy rating of formulation;
Draw and move past in journey, utilize total powerstation constantly to monitor F point, M point, A point three point coordinate values, according to the positive and negative and Z value of contrast each point Y value and
(
for constant, according to the size of all kinds of ships, determine) difference instruct centralized control room to adjust to carry, guarantee whole draw move past journey in floating drydock in level, Shaft alignment state;
(4.2) utilize total powerstation monitoring hull monitoring point:
The tabula rasa control point s1 of take is bench mark
, not drawing the height value that moves front all measurement points is all zero.Move in ship process, utilize the altitude information Z of total powerstation Timing measurement ship hull plate glazing plate monitoring point
ivalue.At each state, by measuring the height value of s1 to s7 point, can calculate the deflection deformation of hull, thereby symbolize the distortion at floating drydock, instruct centralized control room to adjust the ballast of ballast tank.
The invention has the advantages that, by the conjunction measuring of two total powerstations, the feedback of instant static go out boats and ships draw move past journey in the dynamic deformation of floating drydock and hull, effectively measure the instant deformation state of floating dock and boats and ships, and both deformation datas are fed back in time to the centralized control room at floating drydock in unified benchmark, thereby instruct floating drydock centralized control room to adjust each ballast tank setting-out, guaranteed hull draw move past journey in deformation accuracy and lower water security, saved a large amount of man-hours, improved time water and drawn and move efficiency.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 draws the tune that moves past journey prior art to carry schematic diagram;
Fig. 2 is that the present invention draws the tune that moves past journey to carry schematic diagram;
Fig. 3 is that measurement point schematic diagram is carried in slideway coarse adjustment;
Fig. 4 is that measurement point schematic diagram is carried in slideway accurate adjustment;
Fig. 5 is monitoring point, floating drydock schematic diagram;
Fig. 6 is hull monitoring point schematic diagram;
Fig. 7 is total powerstation and monitoring point schematic diagram.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with 2 to 7 pairs of the preferred embodiments of the present invention of accompanying drawing, be described further, for guaranteeing that hull 5 is in lower water process, the involutory precision of floating drydock slideway 2 and arine railway 2 levels and line of centers, utilize two electronic total stations (Electronic Total Station, hereinafter to be referred as total powerstation) 61, 62 measure floating drydock 1 deck level and hull 5 deck levels respectively, both are drawn to the deformation data that produces in the moving past journey benchmark based on unified at hull 5, side by side feed back to centralized control room, and guide centralized control room to carry out setting-out or draining adjustment to the ballast tank 3 at floating drydock 1.
Concrete steps are as follows:
(1) draw and move the coarse adjustment of front floating drydock and carry, referring to Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, docking floating drydock 1 and building berth 4, two parallel slideways 2 are laid to floating drydock 1 along building berth 4, utilize laser measuring apparatus to measure the bow on every slideway 2 driving surfaces at floating drydock 1, midship, three points of stern (α, β, γ), and feed back to the loading instrument of centralized control room, thereby tentatively adjust the draft at floating drydock 1, the horizontal difference that is arranged on slideway 2 working faces on 1 Deck Working Space territory, floating drydock is controlled in the deviation range of technological requirement.
(2) draw and move the accurate adjustment of front floating drydock and carry, referring to accompanying drawing 4, (square body line of centers is X-axis to utilize total powerstation 61 self to give tacit consent to the system of axes of setting up, vertical hull line of centers is Y-axis, hull height direction is Z axis), slideway 2 working faces (comprising left and right slideway) are carried out to horizontal difference measurement, on the slideway 2 of each ballast tank 3 correspondence, all there is correspondingly measurement point, according to result of a measurement, instruct centralized control room actv. to adjust and carry for each ballast tank 3, the horizontal difference of slideway 2 working faces (comprising left and right slideway) is controlled in the deviation range of technique formulation.The aviation value of all measurement points of calculating after adjustment completes
(n is measurement point quantity).
(3) determine lower water process monitoring point
(3.1) set monitoring point, floating drydock: referring to accompanying drawing 5, definite slideway 2 work center lines after the slideway 2 working face adjustment at floating drydock 1 complete, and carry out mark.Bench mark P1 point is got respectively at two ends on wherein slideway 2 line of centerss of determining
, P2 point
, and at depressed place bow, Zhong Ji depressed place, depressed place stern is provided with the mark post that posts light target that facilitates total powerstation monitoring, coordinate is respectively depressed place bow F
, depressed place midship M
, depressed place stern A
, Y wherein
=Y
=Y
=y, y is constant, and the convenience of measuring after lying up for the ease of ship, is advisable to exceed the width of hull 5, and hull 5 just can not stop or interfere coordinate like this, thus impact is measured; Z
=Z
=Z
=
+ b,
for constant, according to the size of each ship, determine, b is the aviation value of slideway 2 horizontal survey points, carries, not the y of shipmate type, z value difference for convenience of immediately showing in monitor procedure that data-guiding centralized control room is adjusted;
(3.2) set hull monitoring point: referring to accompanying drawing 6, by total powerstation 62, at hull 5 outside faces, tabula rasa control point s1 ~ s7 is set, first with the position, tabula rasa control point of s1, s7 as the measurement point of total powerstation 62 to determine the X-axis (square body center line) of total powerstation, and then determine successively the position of each tabula rasa control point, the center of all tabula rasas control point is in same level, and the spacing of tabula rasa control point X-direction is L; By measuring the tabula rasa control point on hull 5, each measures the variable quantity of moment drawing in moving past journey to calculate hull 5, thereby show that the amount of deflection in each region of hull changes, and adjusts the state at floating drydock 1 in advance.
(4) process monitoring
(4.1) utilize total powerstation 61 monitoring monitoring points, floating drydock:
Choose benchmark, referring to accompanying drawing 7, in building berth 4 regions, press the line of centers specification test line at definite floating drydock 1, the distance of check line-spacing line of centers is y+y
(y
for constant offset, according to the size of all kinds of ships, determine), in building berth 4 bow stern appropriate locations, select B1 point
, B2 point
as bench mark, set up system of axes, according to right-hand rule, can learn that (it is X-axis that thumb points to B2 by B1 to each change in coordinate axis direction; All the other four finger points upwards are Z axis; Pointing to oneself is Y-axis).
According to choosing benchmark, measure F point, M point, A point, by comparing
the positive and negative relation of size (just representing to be partial to Y-axis forward, negative indication deflection Y-axis negative sense) instructs centralized control room to pass through the line of centers that depressed place bower anchor winch is adjusted floating drydock 1, and floating dock 1 and the centerline deviation of building berth 4 are controlled in the accuracy rating of formulation;
Draw and move past in journey, utilize constantly monitoring F point of total powerstation 61, M point, A point three point coordinate values, according to the positive and negative and Z value of contrast each point Y value and
(
for constant, according to the size of all kinds of ships, determine) difference instruct centralized control room to adjust to carry, guarantee whole draw move past journey in floating drydock 1 in level, Shaft alignment state;
(4.2) utilize total powerstation 62 monitoring hull monitoring points:
The tabula rasa control point s1 of take is bench mark
, not drawing the height value that moves front all measurement points is all zero.Move in ship process, utilize the altitude information Z of total powerstation 62 Timing measurement hull 5 outside plate glazing plate monitoring points
ivalue.At each state, by measuring the height value of s1 to s7 point, can calculate the deflection deformation of hull 5, thereby symbolize the distortion at floating drydock 1, instruct centralized control room to adjust the ballast of ballast tank 3.
Example: under a certain state, each point take off data height value is Z
i (i=1,2 ... 7)
K
=
, k
=
(wherein i=2,3,4,5,6)
time, hull now state on scratch.Value is
;
(5) hull 5 maximum immunity values that record according to total powerstation 62 and the length that lies up, and floating drydock 1 deflection value that records of total powerstation 61, comprehensively feed back to the centralized control room at floating drydock 1, and each ballast tank 3 is carried out anticipation effectively and adjusted in time.
Claims (1)
1. under a large-scale floating drydock floading condition, continue variable load accuracy measurement method, utilize two electronic total stations (Electronic Total Station, hereinafter to be referred as total powerstation) respectively floating drydock deck level and deck in ship structure plane are measured, both are drawn to the deformation data that produces in the moving past journey benchmark based on unified at hull, side by side feed back to centralized control room, and guide centralized control room to carry out setting-out or draining adjustment to the ballast tank at floating drydock, it is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
(1) draw and move the coarse adjustment of front floating drydock and carry, docking floating drydock and building berth, two parallel slideways are laid to floating drydock along building berth, utilize laser measuring apparatus to measure the bow on every slideway driving surface at floating drydock, midship, three points of stern (α, β, γ), and feed back to the loading instrument of centralized control room, thereby tentatively adjust the draft at floating drydock, the horizontal difference that is arranged on the slideway working face on Deck Working Space territory, floating drydock is controlled in the deviation range of technological requirement;
(2) draw and move the accurate adjustment of front floating drydock and carry, the system of axes that utilizes total powerstation self acquiescence to set up, be that square body line of centers is X-axis, vertical hull line of centers is Y-axis, hull height direction is Z axis, slideway working face is carried out to horizontal difference measurement, on slideway corresponding to each ballast tank, all there is correspondingly measurement point, according to result of a measurement, instruct centralized control room actv. to adjust and carry for each ballast tank, the horizontal difference of slideway working face is controlled in the deviation range of technique formulation, has adjusted the aviation value of all measurement points of rear calculating
(3) determine lower water process monitoring point
(3.1) set monitoring point, floating drydock: definite slideway work center line after the slideway working face adjustment at floating drydock completes, and carry out mark, bench mark Pl point (0,0,0), P2 point (x are got respectively in the two ends on a wherein slideway line of centers of determining
2, 0, z
2), and at depressed place bow, Zhong Ji depressed place, depressed place stern is provided with the mark post that posts light target that facilitates total powerstation monitoring, coordinate is respectively depressed place bow F (X
1, Y
1, Z
1), depressed place midship M (X
2, Y
2, Z
2), depressed place stern A (X
3, Y
3, Z
3), Y wherein
1=Y
2=Y
3=y, y is constant, and the convenience of measuring after lying up for the ease of ship, is advisable to exceed the width of hull, and hull just can not stop or interfere coordinate like this, thus impact is measured; Z
1=Z
2=Z
3=z
1+ b, z
1for constant, according to the size of each ship, determine, b is the aviation value of slideway horizontal survey point, for convenience of immediately showing in monitor procedure that data-guiding centralized control room is adjusted, carries;
(3.2) set hull monitoring point: by total powerstation, at hull outside face, tabula rasa control point s1 ~ s7 is set, first with the position, tabula rasa control point of s1, s7 as the measurement point of total powerstation to determine the X-axis of total powerstation, and then determine successively the position of each tabula rasa control point, the center of all tabula rasas control point is in same level, and the tabula rasa control point axial spacing of X is L; By measuring the tabula rasa control point on hull, each measures the variable quantity of moment drawing in moving past journey to calculate hull, thereby show that the amount of deflection in each region of hull changes, and adjusts the state at floating drydock in advance;
(4) process monitoring
(4.1) utilize total powerstation (61) monitoring monitoring point, floating drydock:
Choose benchmark, in building berth region, press the line of centers specification test line at definite floating drydock, the distance of check line-spacing line of centers is y+y
1, in building berth bow stern appropriate location, select B1 point (0,0,0), B2 point (x
4, 0,0) and as bench mark, set up system of axes, y
1for constant offset, according to the size of all kinds of ships, determine, according to right-hand rule, can learn each change in coordinate axis direction, it is X-axis that thumb points to B2 by B1, and all the other four finger points upwards are Z axis, and pointing to oneself is Y-axis;
According to choosing benchmark, measure F point, M point, A point, by comparing Y
1, Y
2, Y
3the positive and negative relation of size instructs centralized control room to pass through the line of centers that depressed place bower anchor winch is adjusted floating drydock, and the centerline deviation of floating dock and building berth is controlled in the accuracy rating of formulation;
Draw and move past in journey, utilize total powerstation constantly to monitor F point, M point, A point three point coordinate values, according to positive and negative and Z value and the z of contrast each point Y value
1difference instruct centralized control room adjust to carry, z
1for constant offset, according to the size of all kinds of ships, determine, guarantee whole draw move past journey in floating drydock in level, Shaft alignment state;
(4.2) utilize total powerstation monitoring hull monitoring point:
Take tabula rasa control point s1 as bench mark (0,0,0), and not drawing the height value that moves front all measurement points is all zero;
Move in ship process, utilize the altitude information Z of total powerstation Timing measurement ship hull plate glazing plate monitoring point
ivalue;
At each state, by measuring the height value of s1 to s7 point, can calculate the deflection deformation of hull, thereby symbolize the distortion at floating drydock, instruct centralized control room to adjust the ballast of ballast tank;
(5) the hull maximum immunity value recording according to total powerstation and the length that lies up, and the deflection of floating dock value that records of total powerstation, comprehensively feed back to the centralized control room at floating drydock, and each ballast tank is carried out anticipation effectively and adjusted in time.
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| 梁志浩 等.实施全站仪、激光经纬仪在半船起浮落墩中的应用.《造船技术》.2011,(第1期),32-34,42. |
| 船体超大型总段快速测量技术研究;张殿桢;《中国优秀硕士学位论文全文数据库 工程科技II辑》;20100715(第7期);论文正文第8-16页 * |
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