CN102166134A - 骨螺钉 - Google Patents

骨螺钉 Download PDF

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CN102166134A
CN102166134A CN2011100426547A CN201110042654A CN102166134A CN 102166134 A CN102166134 A CN 102166134A CN 2011100426547 A CN2011100426547 A CN 2011100426547A CN 201110042654 A CN201110042654 A CN 201110042654A CN 102166134 A CN102166134 A CN 102166134A
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bone screw
tubular body
bone
head
tubular
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CN102166134B (zh
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L·比德尔曼
W·马蒂斯
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Biedermann Technologies GmbH and Co KG
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Biedermann Motech GmbH and Co KG
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/56—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
    • A61B17/58—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
    • A61B17/68—Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
    • A61B17/84—Fasteners therefor or fasteners being internal fixation devices
    • A61B17/86—Pins or screws or threaded wires; nuts therefor
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/56—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
    • A61B17/58—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
    • A61B17/68—Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
    • A61B17/84—Fasteners therefor or fasteners being internal fixation devices
    • A61B17/86—Pins or screws or threaded wires; nuts therefor
    • A61B17/8625—Shanks, i.e. parts contacting bone tissue
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/56—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
    • A61B17/58—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
    • A61B17/68—Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
    • A61B17/84—Fasteners therefor or fasteners being internal fixation devices
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/56—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
    • A61B17/58—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
    • A61B17/68—Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
    • A61B17/84—Fasteners therefor or fasteners being internal fixation devices
    • A61B17/86—Pins or screws or threaded wires; nuts therefor
    • A61B17/8625—Shanks, i.e. parts contacting bone tissue
    • A61B17/8635—Tips of screws
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/56—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
    • A61B17/58—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
    • A61B17/68—Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
    • A61B17/84—Fasteners therefor or fasteners being internal fixation devices
    • A61B17/86—Pins or screws or threaded wires; nuts therefor
    • A61B17/864—Pins or screws or threaded wires; nuts therefor hollow, e.g. with socket or cannulated
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/28—Bones
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/56—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
    • A61B17/58—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
    • A61B17/68—Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
    • A61B17/84—Fasteners therefor or fasteners being internal fixation devices
    • A61B17/86—Pins or screws or threaded wires; nuts therefor
    • A61B17/8605—Heads, i.e. proximal ends projecting from bone
    • A61B17/861—Heads, i.e. proximal ends projecting from bone specially shaped for gripping driver
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/56—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
    • A61B17/58—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
    • A61B17/68—Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
    • A61B17/84—Fasteners therefor or fasteners being internal fixation devices
    • A61B17/86—Pins or screws or threaded wires; nuts therefor
    • A61B17/866—Material or manufacture

Abstract

本发明提供了一种骨螺钉，所述骨螺钉包括：管状主体(1)，所述管状主体(1)具有第一端(2)和第二端(3)，其中所述管状主体具有管状壁，所述管状壁限定腔，其中所述管状壁沿径向方向的厚度(d)小于所述腔的内半径(r)，并且多个开口(5，5′)设置成完全延伸穿过所述管状壁而通向所述腔；在所述管状壁的管状外表面部分上的外部骨螺纹(4，4′)；位于所述第一端(2)处的头部(8)，所述头部(8)构造成与螺丝起子接合，以便将所述骨螺钉推进到骨中；以及位于所述第二端处的尖端(9，9′)；其中所述管状主体、所述头部和所述尖端形成一体件。

Description

骨螺钉
技术领域
本发明涉及骨螺钉。特别地，本发明涉及能够用作锚固螺钉和与周围骨材料融合的融合螺钉(fusion screw)的骨螺钉。
背景技术
从US 2004/0015172A1中已知能够用作融合螺钉的骨螺钉。这种骨螺钉具有：管状螺纹部分，该管状螺纹部分在它的壁中具有骨螺纹和多个凹槽；头部和尖端，其能够连接到管状螺纹部分。使用中，可以用骨材料或其它促进生长的材料填充管状部分，然后将尖端和/或头部连接到管状部分。通常，将骨螺钉插入骨中的预先制备好的芯孔中。在将骨螺钉插入骨中之后，所述骨螺钉与周围骨材料发生融合。所述骨螺钉能够作为牵引元件，以便借助于所述骨螺钉将骨的粉碎部分或分裂部分连接在一起。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种改进的前述类型的骨螺钉，所述骨螺钉在骨中的位置可以在插入之后被校正，而且如果需要的话，所述骨螺钉在以后能够被容易地移除。
所述目的通过根据权利要求1所述的骨螺钉实现。其它研发成果在从属权利要求中给出。
根据本发明的骨螺钉能用支持融合的物质填充并且能被精确定位。当骨螺钉插入预先制备好的芯孔中时，外壁表面处的骨螺纹接合骨，并且骨螺钉通过借助于螺丝起子将骨螺钉更深地拧入骨中而被推进。为了调整骨螺钉的位置，可能需要倒退旋拧骨螺钉以便重新定位骨螺钉。这是方便的，因为骨螺钉的头部和管状主体牢固地相连而没有变松动或断开连接的风险。
所述骨螺钉可以作为骨锚固件，或者可以用于连接骨的骨折元件，或者可以作为支撑梁来加强退化的骨。
在某些情况下，临床上可能需要在后面阶段移除植入的骨螺钉，所述骨螺钉可能已经与周围骨材料融合。因为头部和管状主体整体形成，所以可以移除已经与周围骨材料融合的骨螺钉。
附图说明
从借助于附图对本发明的各个实施例的描述中，本发明的其它特征和优点将变得明了。
附图中：
图1示出根据第一实施例的骨螺钉的透视分解图。
图2示出沿着螺钉轴线截取的图1的骨螺钉的剖视侧视图。
图3示出图1的骨螺钉的仰视图。
图4示出在壁中的开口的改进实例中的图1的骨螺钉的管状主体的放大部分。
图5示出在一个改进实施例中的图1的骨螺钉的剖视图。
图6示出在另一个改进实施例中的图1的骨螺钉的剖视图。
具体实施方式
如图1-3中所示的根据一个实施例的骨螺钉包括管状主体1，该管状主体1具有第一端2和第二端3以及螺钉轴线L。所述管状主体基本上是圆筒形的。所述管状主体具有限定腔的管状壁。在管状壁的外表面上，设置有所谓的骨螺纹4。在所示的实施例中，骨螺纹4沿着管状主体1的整个长度设置。骨螺纹4构造成在骨螺钉拧入骨中时切割进骨中。此外，在管状壁中布置有多个开口5，所述开口5完全延伸穿过管状壁而通向所述腔。开口5示出为菱形形状的并且布置在骨螺纹4的螺纹牙顶之间。然而，可以想到开口5的形状和位置的任何其它变型。
由管状主体1提供的腔具有适合容纳骨材料(例如骨碎片)的容积。管状主体1的壁厚小于由所述管状主体形成的腔的内半径r。更优选地，所述管状主体的壁厚小于所述管状主体的外径的大约15％。
在邻近第一端2处，头部8与管状主体1形成一体件。在邻近第二端3处，尖端9与管状主体1形成一体件。因此，所述骨螺钉是一件式螺钉。头部8具有大于管状主体1的骨螺纹的外径的最大外径。特别地如在图2中看到的，头部8具有背离管状主体1的上侧81和面向管状主体1的下侧82。上侧81的表面可以是透镜形状的、拱顶形状的、平坦的或者其它形状的。下侧82的表面包括用于抵靠骨表面的平坦部分。在所示的实施中，整个下侧82是平坦的。
同轴孔83从上侧81延伸到下侧82，并且与管状主体1所形成的腔相连续。另外，在上侧81处设置有用于与螺丝起子接合的凹槽84。在所示的实施例中，所述凹槽是星形的。然而，所述凹槽可以具有任何其它合适的形状，诸如六角形或允许与螺丝起子形状配合接合的其它多边形形状。凹槽84的内径大于同轴孔83的内径。可以用骨碎片或其它骨材料经由凹槽84和同轴孔83填充所述骨螺钉，因为同轴孔83的尺寸大到足以允许引入小的骨部分。
尖端9形成为实心尖端，而没有延伸穿过其中的通道。
所述骨螺钉由生物相容材料制成，所述生物相容材料诸如生物相容金属(例如不锈钢或钛)、生物相容金属合金(例如镍钛合金(诸如镍钛诺))或者生物相容塑料材料(例如PEEK)。
骨螺钉的管状主体或其它部分可以涂覆有促进生长的材料，或者可以被粗糙化以便促进骨或血管的生长。
使用中，首先将骨碎片填充进由管状主体1提供的腔中。然后，可以将这样制备好的骨螺钉插入骨中的预先制备好的芯孔中。骨螺钉在芯孔中的位置可以通过在相反的方向上转动螺丝起子使得螺钉被倒退旋拧而略微进行校正。在一些临床应用中，所述骨螺钉用作压紧螺钉，这种压紧螺钉通过压紧骨折骨的碎片而连接它们。设置在下侧的平坦表面作为抵靠骨表面的抵接部。经过一定时间之后，周围骨与骨螺钉发生融合。可以在骨螺钉可能已经与它周围的骨材料发生融合的后面阶段移除植入的骨螺钉。
可以提供具有不同容积的腔、不同直径以及不同长度的若干骨螺钉的套件(kit)。外科医生选定合适的骨螺钉并用骨材料填充该选定的骨螺钉并将它插入骨中。因为所述骨螺钉是一体件，所以操控是简单的。
图4中示出一个改进实施例的骨螺纹。骨螺纹的螺纹牙顶4′在规则的间距处中断，即螺纹牙顶部分4a′布置在围绕管状主体1的外壁表面的螺旋线上。螺纹牙顶部分可以具有沿着螺旋的方向和沿着相反方向延伸的倾斜表面4b。开口5′是卵形的。
此外，图5中示出一个改进的实施例。该改进实施例的骨螺钉与图1-3中所示的实施例的不同之处在于附加地设置有塞元件10用于在头部8那侧闭合所述腔。塞元件10所具有的轮廓和尺寸适于装配到凹槽84中，从而闭合孔83，因此闭合所述腔。塞元件10可以具有用于与螺丝起子或保持器具接合的接合部分11。
使用中，可以在用骨材料填充所述腔之后、在将骨螺钉插入芯孔之前插入塞元件10。可供选择地，可以在将骨螺钉插入芯孔并将骨螺钉带入它的最终位置之后插入塞元件。
图6中示出另一个改进的实施例。根据该改进实施例的骨螺钉具有中空的(cannulated)尖端9′，尖端9′具有通道91，通道91所具有的尺寸使得导丝100可以被引导穿过其中。另外，可以设置能插入管状主体中的引导元件20。引导元件20可以是塞状元件，该塞状元件的尺寸制成为使得塞状元件20通过摩擦力被保持在管状主体1内。引导元件20具有同轴孔21，该同轴孔21的尺寸制成为使得导丝100可以穿过其中并且使得导丝100由引导元件20引导。
在又一个改进的实施例中，代替引导元件20，图5中所示的塞元件10包括用于引导导丝100穿过其中的同轴孔。
能够与导丝一起使用的改进实施例特别地应用在微创外科手术(MIS)中。在这种情况下，经由患者的皮肤引入导丝并推进导丝使之穿过组织，直到导丝到达必须放置骨螺钉的位置。将导丝插入骨中到达合适的方向和深度。然后，沿着延伸穿过骨螺钉的导丝引导骨螺钉，直到骨螺钉到达骨表面，然后通过导丝的引导将骨螺钉拧入骨中。
可以有其它的改进实施例。例如，尖端可以形成为构造成切割骨的自切割尖端。
头部8可以具有等于或小于管状主体1的最大外径的最大外径，从而骨螺钉能够没入骨中到达一定深度，而骨螺钉的任何部分都不会伸出到骨表面之上。

Claims (13)

1.一种骨螺钉，包括：
管状主体(1)，所述管状主体(1)具有第一端(2)和第二端(3)，其中所述管状主体具有管状壁，所述管状壁限定腔，其中所述管状壁沿径向方向的厚度(d)小于所述腔的内半径(r)，并且多个开口(5，5′)设置成完全延伸穿过所述管状壁而通向所述腔；
在所述管状壁的管状外表面部分上的外部骨螺纹(4，4′)；
位于所述第一端(2)处的头部(8)，所述头部(8)构造成与螺丝起子接合，以便将所述骨螺钉推进到骨中；以及
位于所述第二端处的尖端(9，9′)；
其中所述管状主体、所述头部和所述尖端形成一体件。
2.根据权利要求1所述的骨螺钉，其中所述头部(8)具有同轴孔(83)，所述同轴孔(83)的直径等于或大于所述管状主体在所述第一端(2)处的内径。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的骨螺钉，其中所述头部(8)所具有的最大外径大于所述管状主体的外径。
4.根据权利要求1-3之一所述的骨螺钉，其中所述头部(8)包括邻近所述管状主体的第二端的基本平坦的表面部分。
5.根据权利要求2-4之一所述的骨螺钉，所述骨螺钉还包括塞元件(10，20)，所述塞元件(10，20)能插入骨中以便闭合所述同轴孔(83)。
6.根据权利要求1-5之一所述的骨螺钉，其中所述头部(8)在它的背离所述管状主体的第二端(2)的上侧(81)具有凹槽(24)，所述凹槽(84)具有用于提供与螺丝起子的形状配合接合的结构。
7.根据权利要求1-6之一所述的骨螺钉，其中所述管状主体的壁厚(d)小于所述管状主体的外径的大约15％。
8.根据权利要求1-7之一所述的骨螺钉，其中所述骨螺纹(4)沿着所述管状壁的整个外表面延伸。
9.根据权利要求1-8之一所述的骨螺钉，其中所述管状主体(1)是圆筒形的。
10.根据权利要求1-9之一所述的骨螺钉，其中所述尖端(9)构造成用于在所述第二端处闭合所述管状主体。
11.根据权利要求1-9之一所述的骨螺钉，其中所述尖端(9′)包括完全延伸穿过所述尖端的同轴孔(91)。
12.根据权利要求11所述的骨螺钉，其中设置有引导元件(10，20)，所述引导元件(10，20)具有用于引导导丝(100)穿过其中的同轴孔(21)。
13.根据权利要求12所述的骨螺钉，其中所述引导元件能插入所述管状主体中。
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