CN102165662A - Electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection circuit and method - Google Patents
Electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection circuit and method Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN102165662A CN102165662A CN2008801313082A CN200880131308A CN102165662A CN 102165662 A CN102165662 A CN 102165662A CN 2008801313082 A CN2008801313082 A CN 2008801313082A CN 200880131308 A CN200880131308 A CN 200880131308A CN 102165662 A CN102165662 A CN 102165662A
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- China
- Prior art keywords
- gap
- signal input
- esd
- high pass
- input conductor
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05F—STATIC ELECTRICITY; NATURALLY-OCCURRING ELECTRICITY
- H05F3/00—Carrying-off electrostatic charges
- H05F3/04—Carrying-off electrostatic charges by means of spark gaps or other discharge devices
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
- H01P5/00—Coupling devices of the waveguide type
- H01P5/02—Coupling devices of the waveguide type with invariable factor of coupling
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H1/00—Details of emergency protective circuit arrangements
- H02H1/04—Arrangements for preventing response to transient abnormal conditions, e.g. to lightning or to short duration over voltage or oscillations; Damping the influence of dc component by short circuits in ac networks
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K1/00—Printed circuits
- H05K1/02—Details
- H05K1/0213—Electrical arrangements not otherwise provided for
- H05K1/0254—High voltage adaptations; Electrical insulation details; Overvoltage or electrostatic discharge protection ; Arrangements for regulating voltages or for using plural voltages
- H05K1/0257—Overvoltage protection
- H05K1/026—Spark gaps
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)
- Amplifiers (AREA)
- Semiconductor Integrated Circuits (AREA)
Abstract
There is disclosed an electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection device and method. An electronic device (100) that employs an exemplary embodiment of the present invention comprises an electronic component (106) having a signal input conductor (302). An exemplary ESD protection circuit (200) includes a spark gap (204) in series with a high pass quarter wave transformer (208). The exemplary ESD protection circuit (200) is adapted to discharge an ESD pulse from the signal input conductor (302) of the electronic component (106) to a ground plane (304) via the spark gap (204) and/or the high pass quarter wave transformer (208).
Description
Technical field
The present invention generally relates to the system and method that is used to protect electronic installation.Particularly, exemplary embodiment of the present invention relates to a kind of Electrostatic Discharge protective circuit, and it protects electronic component not damaged by esd pulse by damage before the electronic component path that is provided to ground plane for esd pulse at esd pulse.
Background technology
This section is intended to introduce the reader the various aspects of the technology relevant with following described and/or claimed various aspects of the present invention.Believe that this discussion helps to provide background information to help understanding various aspects of the present invention better for the reader.Therefore, should understand these statements and should read in this sense, rather than as admission of prior art.
Some microwave radios (RF) device impacts for ESD and has low-down tolerance limit.In fact, amplitude is not more than the senser that 100 or 200 volts esd pulse can damage some RF devices.This is very unfortunate, because the much bigger esd discharge of some RF application requirements tolerance, even reaches and surpasses 15kV.In addition, many RF devices are highstrung owing to its frequency of operation and to shunt capacitance.This sensitiveness extra demand esd protection circuit to shunt capacitance has low-down electric capacity, is below about a picofarad.
The exemplary systems scheme is the ESD energy to be directed to from signal path to return (ground connection) path as soon as possible, so that make any ESD senser that is connected to signal path be shielded from the ESD signal.Particularly, a kind of known method is to use shunting device over the ground.These shunting devices can comprise inductor, polymeric device and spark gap arrangement.The shunt inductor mode can be used as the RF choke, and wherein the RF impedance is not enough greatly to influence the RF performance.
The basic transient state equation of inductor is as follows:
Wherein V (t) is the voltage on the inductor when time t, and wherein L is the inductance of inductor.According to this equation, inductor can change in response to instantaneous voltage, but can not change in response to transient current.Because inductor does not have trigger voltage (as polymer and gap ESD device), inductor turns back to energy ground at first immediately, and its coil suffers maximum electric current.Therefore, hanging down electric capacity polymer and gap ESD device usually is set in parallel with inductor to help to increase the current capacity of whole esd protection circuit.Yet this typical esd protection circuit can not provide enough sane protection for the RF element in abominable ESD environment.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of electronic installation with esd protection circuit.Exemplary electronic installation comprises the electronic component with signal input conductor.Exemplary esd protection circuit comprises the gap of connecting with high pass quarter-wave transformer.Exemplary esd protection circuit by gap and/or high pass quarter-wave transformer with esd pulse from the signal input conductor of the electronic component ground plane of releasing.
Description of drawings
By with reference to below in conjunction with the specific descriptions of accompanying drawing to one embodiment of the invention, above-mentioned and other feature and advantage of the present invention and implementation thereof will become clear and be better understood, wherein:
Fig. 1 is the block diagram of electronic installation according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the schematic circuit of esd protection circuit according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is to making up the top view of the useful gap circuit of esd protection circuit according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is to making up the schematic circuit of the useful high pass quarter-wave transformer of esd protection circuit according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention; And
Fig. 5 makes up the flow chart of the method for esd protection circuit according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
Corresponding Reference numeral is represented corresponding part in several accompanying drawings.Example described here has been set forth the preferred embodiments of the present invention with a kind of form, and these examples should not be understood that to limit the scope of the invention by any way.
Embodiment
Will be described below one or more specific embodiment of the present invention.Describe these embodiment for the sake of simplicity, in specification, do not describe all features of actual implementation.Will be appreciated that, in the exploitation of any this implementation, for example in any engineering or design object, must make much and realize developer's specific objective, for example obey relevant with system and relevant with commerce constraints (constraints may become with implementation) at the decision-making of specific implementation mode.And, will be appreciated that this development effort may be complicated and time-consuming, but the normal work to do that for the those skilled in the art that benefit from present disclosure, remains design, makes and produce.
Fig. 1 is the block diagram of electronic installation according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.This electronic installation is always represented with Reference numeral 100.Exemplary electronic device 100 shown in Fig. 1 is RF receiving system (for example auto radios), is used for receiving and playing RF audio signal etc.It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that, electronic installation 100 can comprise the device of other types in other exemplary embodiments, for example computer system or element, television set, TV set-top box, DVD player, personal audio player, camera etc., what mentioned here only is several examples.In addition, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that exemplary embodiment of the present invention all is useful for the electronic installation that any esd pulse that discharged of protection destroys.In addition, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various functional modules shown in Figure 1 can comprise hardware element (comprising circuit), software element (comprising the computer code that is stored on the machine readable media) or hardware and software combination of elements.
Exemplary electronic device 100 shown in Figure 1 comprises stimulus part 102.Stimulus part 102 can comprise the input from RF antenna or other signal sources.As following abundant elaboration, esd protection circuit 104 is applicable to that protection electronic component (for example handling electronic module 106) is not subjected to the infringement of esd pulse discharge.Electronic component 106 can comprise the RF treatment circuit, and it is applicable to the input signal of reception from stimulus part 102.Electronic installation 100 comprises that further one or more loud speakers 108 (it can comprise headphone) are used for transmitting audio output signal and give the user.
Fig. 2 is the schematic circuit of esd protection circuit according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.Esd protection circuit is always represented with Reference numeral 200.Stimulus part 202 is applicable to the input signal of reception corresponding to for example RF audio program etc.
As elaborating below, esd protection circuit 200 utilizes gap 204 and high pass quarter-wave transformer 208 to connect for the responsive RF device 210 of ESD esd protection is provided.Exemplary embodiment of the present can comprise in addition that the low electric capacity ESD element 206 in parallel with gap 204 and high pass quarter-wave transformer 208 comes to provide additional esd protection for the responsive RF device 210 of ESD.
Fig. 3 is to making up the top view of the useful gap circuit of esd protection circuit according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.This gap circuit is always represented with Reference numeral 300.It will be understood by those skilled in the art that gap circuit shown in Figure 3 300 representative is arranged on the layout of the part of the RF connector on the printed circuit board component of electronic installation.
Gap circuit 300 comprises signal input conductor 302, and it is applicable to and transmits for example signal of RF audio input signal etc.In Fig. 3, signal input conductor 302 is implemented as the connector pad of printed circuit board (PCB).In exemplary embodiment of the present, signal input conductor 302 goes for transmitting the input signal that receives by stimulus part 202 (Fig. 2).Gap circuit 300 comprises ground plane (ground plane) 304.In exemplary embodiment of the present, when surpassing the esd pulse impact signal input conductor 302 of threshold voltage, gap circuit 300 is applicable between signal input conductor 302 and ground plane 304 provides electrical path.
Gap circuit 300 comprises one or more gap pads 306.In the exemplary embodiment of gap circuit 300 shown in Figure 3, gap pad 306 is leg-of-mutton substantially and forms the integral part of ground plane 304.Because gap pad 306 forms the integral part of ground plane 304, the shunt capacitance of gap pad 306 is very little and can sees through the frequency of operation that reaches about 4GHz most.In addition, each general direction of the summit directional signal input conductor 302 of triangle gap pad 306 substantially.With respect to using single group gap pad, expectation provides one group of standby gap pad to prolong the life-span of gap circuit 300.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that can be by being placed on gap pad 306 result who obtains to expect on the fully high point of signal input conductor 302 current densities.This position may be considered and difference with system design separately.It will be apparent to one skilled in the art that the accurate dimension and the shape that can adopt multiple criterion to design gap pad 306.An example of this design criterion is the atmospherical discharges value at supposition 30 volts at every millimeter interval between signal input conductor 302 and ground plane 304.In one exemplary embodiment, signal input conductor 302 is placed on the position apart from ground plane 304 about 4mm.In such embodiments, gap circuit 300 has 120 volts activation voltage.In other words, surpassing the esd pulse of about 120 volts of threshold voltages will be by gap pad 306 ground plane 304 of releasing.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the general area on the printed circuit board (PCB) between desired signal input conductor 302 and the gap pad 306 does not have solder mask.In exemplary embodiment shown in Figure 3, there is not solder mask by solder mask negative line 308 (shown in dotted line) institute area surrounded.
Fig. 4 is to making up the schematic circuit of the useful high pass quarter-wave transformer of esd protection circuit according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.Exemplary high pass quarter-wave transformer shown in Figure 4 is always represented with Reference numeral 400.As mentioned above, esd protection circuit comprises and the high pass quarter-wave transformer high pass quarter-wave transformer 400 gap circuit of connecting gap circuit 300 (Fig. 3) for example for example according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
Exemplary high pass quarter-wave transformer 400 comprises capacitive element 402, is connected in parallel with first inductive element 404 (being connected to the first terminal of capacitive element 402) as shown in Figure 4 and is connected in parallel with second inductive element 406 (being connected to second terminal of capacitive element 402).It will be apparent to one skilled in the art that following equation is useful when selecting the value of capacitive element 402, first inductive element 404 and second inductive element 406:
Wherein L is the inductance of first inductive element 404 and second inductive element 406, Z
OBe the characteristic impedance of high pass quarter-wave transformer 400, and F
OIt is centre frequency; And
Wherein C is the electric capacity of capacitive element 402, F
OBe centre frequency, and Z
OIt is the characteristic impedance of high pass quarter-wave transformer 400.Those skilled in the art will be further understood that the characteristic impedance of capacitive element 402, first inductive element 404 and second inductive element 406 can utilize following formula to calculate:
Wherein Zs is a source impedance and Zl is a load impedance.
It is useful alleviating aspect the ESD impact that the characteristic of high pass quarter-wave transformer 400 makes it.For example, each in first inductive element 404 and second inductive element 406 is as the bypass inductive element, and it has than Low ESR to allow the more ESD energy of high pass quarter-wave transformer 400 transmission to ground plane 304 (Fig. 3).In addition, the capacitive element in the exemplary embodiment of the present 402 has smaller value to provide the high impedance tandem paths to the responsive RF device of shielded ESD 210 (Fig. 2).The high impedance of capacitive element 402 forces more ESD energy to be bypassed to ground plane 304 (Fig. 3) by first inductive element 404 and second inductive element 406.
In exemplary embodiment of the present, high pass quarter-wave transformer 400 is single-stage transformers, has narrow relatively bandwidth, makes the most of energy that is received by high pass quarter-wave transformer 400 be reflected back toward the source.It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the negative 90 degree phase places that high pass quarter-wave transformer device structure expectation employing according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention takes place in transformer output place.By this way, the ESD energy from esd pulse removes and returns by ground plane 304 (Fig. 3) from signal input conductor 302 (Fig. 3) to a great extent.
In esd protection circuit according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, use high pass quarter-wave transformer that coupling from the actual source impedance to the actual loading impedance is provided.In addition, the quarter-wave transformer is used for isolating with the harmless RF of source and load impedance, because maximum power transfer only occurs over just the odd-multiple of quarter-wave.In exemplary embodiment of the present, isolate being provided between esd protection circuit 200 (Fig. 2) and the responsive RF device of protected ESD 210 (Fig. 2).And high pass quarter-wave transformer 208 provides with the isolation of wide band energy does not sacrifice voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR).The characteristic of the isolated part ground of and wide band energy that provide by high pass quarter-wave transformer 208 and the Fourier transform of esd pulse is relevant.The signal waveform and the exponential damping that it will be understood by those skilled in the art that esd pulse are similar.Those skilled in the art will be further understood that the Fourier transform of exponential damping is similar with the ultra-broadband energy that passes spectrum.
Fig. 5 makes up according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention for example flow chart of the method for esd protection circuit 200 (Fig. 2) of esd protection circuit.This process is always represented with Reference numeral 500.This process starts from piece 502.
As mentioned above, the esd protection circuit that obtains from process 500 is applicable to the electronic installation 100 (Fig. 1) with signal input conductor 302 (Fig. 3).In piece 504, provide for example gap 204 (Fig. 2) of gap.In piece 506, gap and high pass quarter-wave transformer for example high pass quarter-wave transformer 208 (Fig. 2) are connected in series.The esd protection circuit that obtains is applicable to by gap 204 (Fig. 2) and/or high pass quarter-wave transformer 208 (Fig. 2) esd pulse from signal input conductor 302 (Fig. 3) ground plane 304 (Fig. 3) of releasing.This process ends at piece 508.
Specific embodiment is illustrated and here describes in detail in the mode of the example in the accompanying drawing, but the present invention can carry out various modifications and replacement at an easy rate.Yet, will understand the present invention and be not limited to particular forms disclosed.On the contrary, the present invention covers all modifications, equivalent and the replacement that falls into the spirit and scope of the present invention, as following claims are defined.
Claims (20)
1. an electronic installation (100) comprising:
Electronic component (106) has signal input conductor (302); And
Electrostatic Discharge protective circuit (200); it comprises the gap (204) of connecting with high pass quarter-wave transformer (208), and this esd protection circuit (200) is applicable to by gap (204) and/or high pass quarter-wave transformer (208) esd pulse from signal input conductor (302) ground plane (304) of releasing.
2. the electronic installation in the claim 1 (100) comprises low electric capacity ESD element (206), and it is in parallel with gap (204) and high pass quarter-wave transformer (208).
3. the electronic installation in the claim 1 (100), wherein gap (204) comprises at least one gap pad (306), it is applicable to when esd pulse reaches voltage threshold, allow to spark with esd pulse from signal input conductor (302) ground plane (304) of releasing.
4. the electronic installation in the claim 3 (100), wherein this at least one gap pad (306) comprises the general triangular part of ground plane (304), and wherein the summit of this at least one gap pad (306) is oriented to the general direction of directional signal input conductor (302).
5. the electronic installation in the claim 3 (100), wherein the path between this at least one gap pad (306) and the signal input conductor (302) does not have solder mask.
6. the electronic installation in the claim 3 (100), wherein this at least one gap pad (306) is placed on the point that current density is fully high with respect to signal input conductor (302).
7. the electronic installation in the claim 3 (100), wherein this at least one gap pad (306) comprises the second gap pad (306), it is as the backup of this at least one gap pad (306).
8. the electronic installation in the claim 1 (100), wherein high pass quarter-wave transformer (208) comprises capacitive element (402), by first end of capacitive element (402), first inductive element (404) in parallel with capacitive element (402), and second end, second inductive element (406) in parallel with capacitive element (402) that passes through capacitive element (402).
9. the electronic installation in the claim 1 (100), wherein high pass quarter-wave transformer (208) comprises the single-stage transformer.
10. the electronic installation in the claim 1 (100), wherein electronic installation (100) comprises auto radio.
11. a method (500) that makes up Electrostatic Discharge protective circuit (200), this esd protection circuit (200) is suitable for being used in the electronic component (106) with signal input conductor (302), and this method comprises:
(504) gap (204) is provided;
This gap (204) and high pass quarter-wave transformer (208) are connected in series (506), and wherein esd protection circuit (200) is applicable to by gap (204) and/or high pass quarter-wave transformer (208) esd pulse from the signal input conductor (302) of electronic component (106) ground plane (304) of releasing.
12. the method in the claim 11 (500) comprises low electric capacity ESD element (206) and gap (204) and high pass quarter-wave transformer (208) are connected in parallel.
13. the method in the claim 11 (500), wherein gap (204) comprises at least one gap pad (306), it is applicable to when esd pulse reaches voltage threshold, allow to spark with esd pulse from signal input conductor (302) ground plane (304) of releasing.
14. the method in the claim 13 (500), wherein this at least one gap pad (306) comprises the general triangular part of ground plane (304), and wherein the summit of this at least one gap pad (306) is oriented the general direction of directional signal input conductor (302).
15. the method in the claim 13 (500), wherein the path between this at least one gap pad (306) and the signal input conductor (302) does not have solder mask.
16. the method in the claim 13 (500), wherein this at least one gap pad (306) is placed on the point that current density is fully high with respect to signal input conductor (302).
17. the method in the claim 13 (500), wherein this at least one gap pad (306) comprises the second gap pad (306), and it is as the backup of this at least one gap pad (306).
18. the method in the claim 11 (500), wherein high pass quarter-wave transformer (208) comprises capacitive element (402), by first end of capacitive element (402), first inductive element (404) in parallel with capacitive element (402), and second end, second inductive element (406) in parallel with capacitive element (402) that passes through capacitive element (402).
19. the method in the claim 11 (500), wherein high pass quarter-wave transformer (208) comprises the single-stage transformer.
20. one kind is applicable to that protection has the Electrostatic Discharge protective circuit of the electronic component (106) of signal input conductor (302), this esd protection circuit comprises:
Gap (204);
The high pass quarter-wave transformer (208) that is connected in series with gap (204), wherein esd protection circuit (200) is applicable to by gap (204) and/or high pass quarter-wave transformer (208) esd pulse from the signal input conductor (302) of electronic component (106) ground plane (304) of releasing.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US2008/011118 WO2010036218A1 (en) | 2008-09-25 | 2008-09-25 | Electrostatic discharge (esd) protection circuit and method |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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CN102165662A true CN102165662A (en) | 2011-08-24 |
Family
ID=42059970
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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CN2008801313082A Pending CN102165662A (en) | 2008-09-25 | 2008-09-25 | Electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection circuit and method |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP2329573A4 (en) |
JP (1) | JP5209119B2 (en) |
KR (1) | KR101478870B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN102165662A (en) |
WO (1) | WO2010036218A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN107534385A (en) * | 2015-02-25 | 2018-01-02 | La-Z-男孩有限公司 | Electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection and method in supply of electric power |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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KR102352307B1 (en) | 2015-08-05 | 2022-01-19 | 삼성디스플레이 주식회사 | Protection circuit and organic light emittng display device including the protection circuit |
FR3087976B1 (en) * | 2018-10-31 | 2022-01-21 | Valeo Comfort & Driving Assistance | TELEMATICS BOX FOR MOTOR VEHICLE |
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US20040027779A1 (en) * | 2002-08-09 | 2004-02-12 | Byrne Daniel J. | Electrostatic discharge protection |
US20040264095A1 (en) * | 2001-09-28 | 2004-12-30 | Christian Block | Circuit arrangement, switching module comprising said circuit arrangement and use of said switching module |
CN201063677Y (en) * | 2007-07-24 | 2008-05-21 | 华为技术有限公司 | Mobile equipment and portable electronic system |
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JP3010820B2 (en) * | 1991-09-10 | 2000-02-21 | ソニー株式会社 | Printed board |
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WO2001061732A2 (en) * | 2000-02-18 | 2001-08-23 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Device for protecting an electric and/or electronic component arranged on a carrier substrate against electrostatic discharges |
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JP2005505186A (en) * | 2001-09-28 | 2005-02-17 | エプコス アクチエンゲゼルシャフト | Circuit device, switching module having the circuit device, and method of using the switching module |
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2008
- 2008-09-25 WO PCT/US2008/011118 patent/WO2010036218A1/en active Application Filing
- 2008-09-25 JP JP2011528987A patent/JP5209119B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2008-09-25 KR KR1020117009162A patent/KR101478870B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2008-09-25 EP EP08816319A patent/EP2329573A4/en not_active Ceased
- 2008-09-25 CN CN2008801313082A patent/CN102165662A/en active Pending
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US20040264095A1 (en) * | 2001-09-28 | 2004-12-30 | Christian Block | Circuit arrangement, switching module comprising said circuit arrangement and use of said switching module |
US20040027779A1 (en) * | 2002-08-09 | 2004-02-12 | Byrne Daniel J. | Electrostatic discharge protection |
CN201063677Y (en) * | 2007-07-24 | 2008-05-21 | 华为技术有限公司 | Mobile equipment and portable electronic system |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN107534385A (en) * | 2015-02-25 | 2018-01-02 | La-Z-男孩有限公司 | Electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection and method in supply of electric power |
CN107534385B (en) * | 2015-02-25 | 2019-11-29 | La-Z-男孩有限公司 | Electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection and method in power supply |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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EP2329573A1 (en) | 2011-06-08 |
JP2012503928A (en) | 2012-02-09 |
JP5209119B2 (en) | 2013-06-12 |
KR101478870B1 (en) | 2015-01-02 |
KR20110059785A (en) | 2011-06-03 |
EP2329573A4 (en) | 2013-03-20 |
WO2010036218A1 (en) | 2010-04-01 |
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Application publication date: 20110824 |