CN102162878B - Double optical fiber ring cascading depolarization device irrelevant to input polarization state - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to a double optical fiber ring cascading depolarization device irrelevant to an input polarization state. The depolarization device is formed by cascading two optical fiber rings, namely the depolarization device is formed by welding any one port optical fiber of one optical fiber ring with any one port optical fiber of the other optical fiber ring. The depolarization device is characterized in that each optical fiber ring consists of a single mode optical fiber of which the length is greater than the coherence length of depolarized light and a 2*2 single mode optical fiber coupler; the optical fibers in the rings are wound in a plurality of circles, so that the optical fibers not only has the double refraction effect led in by bending and twisting, but also has the depolarization conversion effect of a half wave plate; each optical fiber ring decomposes input light into straight light and optical components circulated in the ring for different times and has a function of carrying out depolarization decomposition on the input light, wherein the straight light and the light components circulated for even times have the same polarization state and the light components circulated for odd times have the same polarization state; when the splitting ratio of the coupler in each optical fiber ring is 1:2, optical powers of two groups of depolarization separation are equal; the two optical fiber rings realized according to a method are respectively fixed on die plates so as to keep the depolarization conversion characteristic stable; and after the two optical fiber rings are cascaded and welded, the two optical fiber ring die plates are twisted, so that depolarization conversion vectors of the two optical fiber rings are vertical and orthogonal mutually, and the input light in any polarization state can be depolarized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a double-fiber ring cascade depolarizer aiming at any input light polarization state, which does not need any adjustment in use, in particular to a fiber ring formed by a single-mode fiber coupler and a single-mode fiber, and the optimal design of the splitting ratio of the coupler is adopted; adjusting the optical fiber coiling in the ring, and realizing the half-wave plate effect of polarization conversion by the birefringence effect caused by bending and twisting of the optical fiber; by adjusting the main shaft azimuth angles of the linear birefringence effects of the two optical fiber rings, the polarization conversion vectors of the two optical fibers are orthogonal to each other, and the depolarization of input light in any polarization state can be realized.
Background
Polarization random disturbance is a problem which plagues high-code-rate optical communication and optical sensing systems for a long time. The optical sensing system is characterized by the effects of polarization dispersion, polarization loss and the like of light in the optical communication system, and polarization fiber noise and polarization fading problems caused by polarization disturbance in the optical sensing system.
Optical depolarization technology is the main method to solve the problems of polarization disturbance and polarization dependence. The current depolarizer technology mainly adopts a Lyot depolarizing method. Lyot depolarizers are mainly constructed using birefringent crystals or birefringent fibers, and require precise collimation and adjustment. Although the Lyot depolarizer has a simple structure, because of the limitation of the length of the birefringent crystal or the optical fiber, the depolarization is generally only effective for a wide spectrum light source, i.e., the coherence length of the depolarized light is very small, and the Lyot depolarizer is not suitable for an optical fiber communication system and an optical fiber sensing system with unequal interference arms.
The scheme for fiber ring depolarization was proposed in 1998 by Shen p. In the scheme proposed by Shen p. Palais, for input light of different polarization states, depolarization of the light is achieved by adjusting a polarization conversion matrix within the optical fiber ring. The adjustment of the polarization state within the ring must therefore be arbitrary within the full polarization state space for input light of different polarization states. Three degrees of freedom are required to realize arbitrary adjustability of the full polarization state space. The three degrees of freedom adjustment can be achieved by a polarization controller attached within the optical fiber ring. In practical applications, since three degrees of freedom are adjusted simultaneously, the adjustment results in the need to make the rotation vector of the polarization conversion of the fiber ring perpendicular to the polarization state vector of the incident light. Therefore, in practical application, the polarization conversion of the optical fiber ring is adjusted by three degrees of freedom for different polarization states of incident light, which is very inconvenient in practical use and has poor stability. M. Martinelli provides a depolarization method of double-fiber ring cascade. The method adopts the cascade connection of two optical fiber rings to realize the depolarization of input light, but a polarization controller is respectively inserted into each of the two optical fiber rings to realize the required optical fiber ring polarization conversion. Because each polarization controller not only has three degrees of freedom, but also has large volume and poor polarization state stability, the use process is very inconvenient.
The invention designs the polarization conversion characteristic in the optical fiber ring in advance to enable the optical fiber ring to have the working characteristic of a half-wave plate, and optimizes the coupling coefficient of a coupler in the optical fiber ring. The cascade depolarizer of the cascade fiber ring designed according to the method can depolarize light in any polarization state, and does not need polarization adjustment in the using process, and polarization control adjustment is not needed in the light ring, so that the device has small volume and high stability.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a double-optical-fiber-ring cascade depolarizer irrelevant to input polarization states, which can depolarize any input polarization state without any polarization control or polarization adjustment, and has high integration level and good stability.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a double-optical-fiber-ring cascade depolarizer irrelevant to input polarization state is composed of two cascaded optical fiber rings, i.e. any one optical fiber port of one optical fiber ring is fused with any one optical fiber port of the other optical fiber ring. The method is characterized in that: each optical fiber ring is composed of a single-mode optical fiber with the length larger than the depolarized coherent length and a 2 x 2 single-mode optical fiber coupler. The optical fibers in the ring are coiled so that the birefringence effect introduced by bending and twisting of the optical fibers has the polarization conversion effect of a half-wave plate. The optical fiber ring splits the input light into direct light and light components circulating in the ring for different times, and has the function of carrying out polarization splitting on the input light, wherein the direct light and the light components circulating for even times have the same polarization state, and the light components circulating for odd times have the same polarization state. When the splitting ratio of the optical fiber ring inner coupler is 1: and 2, the optical power for realizing the polarization separation of the two groups is equal. The two optical fiber rings realized by the method are respectively fixed on the mould disc so as to keep the stability of polarization conversion characteristics. After the two optical fiber rings are in cascade fusion, the two optical fiber ring mould discs are twisted to ensure that the polarization conversion vectors of the two optical fiber rings are perpendicular and orthogonal to each other, so that the depolarization of input light in any polarization state can be realized.
When the ring length of the optical fiber is designed, the coherent length L of the input light source is aimed atcTwo optical fiber ring length L1And L2The method comprises the following steps:to achieve mutual incoherence between the split light components.
The optimal value of the splitting ratio of the optical fiber coupler forming the optical fiber ring is 1: 2; the splitting ratio of the coupler needs to be adjusted in consideration of the loss of the optical fiber in the optical fiber ring and the loss of the optical fiber coupler.
The optical fiber used in the device is a general single mode optical fiber.
The polarization conversion of the optical fibers in the optical fiber ring forming the device has the property of a half-wave plate, and the polarization conversion characteristic of the half-wave plate is realized by a linear birefringence effect introduced by bending the optical fibers.
The realized device does not need any regulation in use and can realize depolarization of input light in any polarization state.
When the optical fiber ring required by the method is realized, the key for realizing the depolarization is to ensure that the polarization conversion effect of the optical fiber winding in the optical fiber ring has the polarization conversion property of a half-wave plate. The polarization conversion effect of the optical fiber winding is ensured to have the detection of the property of the half-wave plate, and the method can be realized by winding the optical fiber winding in a rotating manner and monitoring the change track of the polarization state of output light. The method specifically comprises the following steps: when the optical fiber rotates 180 degrees around the ring around the optical fiber propagation direction as an axis, the output light polarization state locus is an 8-shaped locus on the poincar sphere. When two circles of the 8-shaped track are overlapped, the optical fiber winding coil has the ideal property of a half-wave plate; when the 8-shaped track is reduced to one point, the polarization of the optical fiber winding is converted into the property of a full wave plate; when the included angle between two circles of the 8-shaped track is 90 degrees, the 8-shaped track is 1/4 wave plate in nature.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following prominent substantive characteristics and remarkable advantages:
(1) the linear birefringence effect introduced by bending the optical fiber inside the optical fiber ring is utilized to realize that the optical fiber inside the ring has the polarization conversion characteristic of a half-wave plate. By adjusting the relative positions of the two optical fiber rings, when the rotation vectors of the polarization conversion of the two optical fiber rings are orthogonal to each other, the depolarization of any polarized light can be realized.
(2) The depolarization of light in any polarization state can be realized.
(3) During use, no polarization control or adjustment is required.
(4) Other polarization control devices are not required to be inserted in the light ray ring except for the optical fiber, so that the device is small in size and high in stability;
(5) relative to the Lyot type optical fiber depolarizer, the dual-optical fiber ring cascade depolarization can realize the depolarization of the narrow spectrum light source.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a structure of a dual-fiber ring cascade depolarizer of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a block diagram of a debugging system for a dual fiber ring cascaded depolarizer.
Fig. 3 is a geometric representation of the principle of depolarization by a dual fiber ring cascaded depolarizer on a poincar sphere.
FIG. 4 is a geometric representation of the splitting of the polarization state of input light having polarization state A into four groups of light having polarization states A, A ', B, B', respectively, after fiber ring 1 and fiber ring 2 have been cascaded; where a corresponds to light components where m and n are both even numbers, a 'corresponds to light components where m is an even number and n is an odd number, B corresponds to light components where m is an odd number and n is an even number, and B' corresponds to light components where m and n are both odd numbers.
FIG. 5 is a detection system for detecting the winding of optical fiber within an optical fiber ring having half-wave plate characteristics.
FIG. 6 shows the transformation trajectory of the polarization state of the output light when the fiber windings are rotated by 180 degrees for different birefringence characteristics of the fiber windings. When two circles of the 8-shaped change track are overlapped, the wound optical fiber winding has the property of a half-wave plate.
The principle of the invention is as follows:the principle structure of the optical fiber ring depolarizer is shown in fig. 1. The optical fiber in the ring is a single-mode optical fiber with the length larger than the depolarized coherent length. The optical fiber is as followsThe principle requires coiling and fixing on a die plate. The birefringence effect of the fiber windings due to bending and twisting can be expressed as:
wherein,
for circular birefringence induced by fiber twist, M is for linear birefringence polarization conversion induced by bend twist. θ is the azimuthal angle of the principal axis of linear birefringence. M and R (θ) are respectively expressed as:
wherein,
indicating elliptical birefringence induced by both bending and twisting.
For twist induced circular birefringence, G is the shear modulus, C is the optical stress coefficient, and τ is the twist rate (degrees/meter) of the fiber.
Is the linear birefringence induced by bending, E is Young's modulus, λ is the wavelength of the transmitted light, r is the fiber cladding radius, and p is the fiber bending radius. If the light is coiledIn fibres, the effect caused by twisting the fibre is much smaller than the effect caused by bending, i.e. bending
Then, it can be:
if the bending radius of the optical fiber coil is adjusted so that
Then M isb The four elements of (a) are represented as:
for n times of circulating light components around the optical fiber ring, the polarization conversion matrix can be expressed as:
namely:
(7)
vector
In the equatorial plane. Even-cycle light component winding
Rotating by even times of pi, and locating the polarization state at A point; and odd-cycle light component winding
Rotated by an odd multiple of pi, the polarization state is at point B, as shown in fig. 3.
If the fiber ring is rotated by an angle ζ, the four elements of the rotated polarization conversion are represented as:
thus for a polarization conversion that cycles n and m times in the first and second fiber rings, respectively, where fiber ring 2 is twisted by an angle as a whole, the four elements of the polarization conversion are expressed as:
wherein when
The method comprises the following steps:
thus, when m, n are both odd:
the polarization state is rotated 180 degrees about the S3 axis.
When m is an odd number and n is an even number,
polarization conversion rotation vector of polarization state around optical fiber ring 1
Rotated 180 degrees.
When m is an even number, n is an odd number,
polarization conversion rotation vector of polarization state around optical fiber ring 2
Rotated 180 degrees.
When m and n are both even numbers,
the polarization state remains unchanged.
All light components decomposed by the first optical fiber ring enter the second optical fiber ring and rotate with respect to the polarization rotation vector of the second optical fiber ringEach light component can in turn be decomposed into two groups of light components at polarization state A, A ', or B, B'. If two optical fiber rings are selectedThe coupler splitting ratio of (1): 2, the light intensity of all light components in the four polarization states can be made equal. The ratio of the ring length of the optical ring is designed to satisfy
Wherein m, n, a and b are natural numbers but are not zero at the same time, so that all light components are irrelevant.
For the optical fiber ring designed according to the formula (9), if depolarization is to be realized, the vector is required to be enabled
And
are perpendicular to each other, i.e.
Or
Rotated by an angle of 2 ζ on the equatorial plane.
Can be achieved by rotating the entire fiber ring as shown in fig. 3.
By rotating the fiber ring 1 or 2 by an angle ζ, the vector is obtained
Or
Rotate 2 ζ angle in the equatorial plane. By choosing an appropriate rotation angle ζ, the following equation is satisfied:
polarization independent depolarization can be realized.
Detailed Description
The preferred embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
the first embodiment is as follows: referring to fig. 1, the dual-fiber ring cascade depolarizer with irrelevant input polarization state is formed by cascading two fiber rings (1, 2), that is, any one port fiber of the fiber ring 1 is fused with any one port fiber of the fiber ring 2. Each fiber loop (1, 2) is formed by a single mode fiber with a length larger than the depolarized coherent length and a 2 x 2 single mode fiber coupler (5, 6). The optical fiber in the ring is coiled by a plurality of turns, so that the birefringence effect introduced by bending and twisting of the optical fiber has the polarization conversion effect of a half-wave plate. The optical fiber ring decomposes the input light into direct light and light components which circulate in the ring for different times, and has the function of carrying out polarization decomposition on the input light, wherein the direct light and the light components which circulate for even times have the same polarization state, and the light components which circulate for odd times have the same polarization state; when the splitting ratio of the optical fiber ring inner coupler is 1: 2, the optical power for realizing the polarization separation of the two groups is equal; the two optical fiber rings realized by the method are respectively fixed on the die discs (3, 4) so as to keep the stability of polarization conversion characteristics; after the two optical fiber rings are in cascade fusion, the two optical fiber ring mould discs are twisted to ensure that the polarization conversion vectors of the two optical fiber rings are perpendicular and orthogonal to each other, so that the depolarization of input light in any polarization state can be realized.
Example two: the implementation and the characteristic measurement are given as follows:
the implementation of the depolarizer is as follows: see fig. 1. Intercepting two sections of single-mode bare fibers, wherein the lengths of the two sections of single-mode bare fibers are respectively greater than the coherence length of a depolarized light source, and the lengths L1 and L2 of the two sections of single-mode bare fibers meet the following requirements:
wherein m, n, a and b are natural numbers and are not simultaneousIs zero. The design satisfying the loop length of the above formula can make the light components with different cycle times irrelevant. Two optical fibers are arranged according to the formula (5)
And calculating the appropriate bending radius of the optical fiber, winding the optical fiber into an optical fiber winding coil with the function of a half-wave plate, and paying attention to the condition that the torsional birefringence is far smaller than the bending birefringence as less as possible when the optical fiber is coiled. Whether the optical fiber coil meets the design requirements or not can be judged, and the system shown in the figure 5 can be used for testing. And (3) the ratio of the wound optical fiber coil to the two light splitting parts is 1: the optical fiber couplers (5,6) of 2 are fused into optical fiber loops (1, 2). In order to prevent the change of polarization conversion characteristics caused by the deformation of the optical fiber in use, the optical fiber ring realized according to the design can be fixed on a non-deformation mold disc and can be fixed by adopting a proper adhesive means. The relative angle of the die plate 1 and the die plate 2 (3, 4) can be adjusted. And adjusting the relative angle zeta of the mold disc 1 and the mold disc 2, and locking the relative positions of the mold disc 1 and the mold disc 2 when the depolarization characteristic of the output light is detected by a polarization analyzer (7) to enable the depolarization characteristic to be minimum, so that the depolarizer irrelevant to the polarization state of the input light can be obtained. The locked depolarizer does not need any adjustment in the using process.
(II) measuring the polarization conversion characteristic of the optical fiber winding half-wave plate: in the actual manufacturing process, according to
The calculation method given by the formula is only a preliminary estimation, whether the coiled optical fiber winding has the property of the half-wave plate needs to be detected, and the invention comprises the detection method of the optical fiber half-wave plate. A block diagram of the detection system is shown in fig. 5. The light output by the laser is linearly polarized after passing through the polarizer, the linearly polarized light enters the twistable tested optical fiber winding, the change track of the polarization state of the output light on the polarization analyzer in the twisting process is observed, and the polarization conversion characteristic of the wound optical fiber winding can be detected. When the optical fiber winding is twisted by 180 degrees, the polarization state track of the output light is an 8-shaped track on a huge sphere. When two circles of the figure-8 locus coincideThe optical fiber winding has the property of a half-wave plate; when the 8-shaped track is reduced to one point, the polarization of the optical fiber winding is converted into the property of a full wave plate; when the included angle between the planes of the two circles of the 8-shaped locus is 90 degrees, the 8-shaped locus is 1/4 wave plate in nature, and is shown in FIG. 6. Therefore, whether the wound optical fiber winding has the property of the half-wave plate can be detected by the detection method, and the optical fiber winding can be adjusted on line to have the property of the half-wave plate.
Claims (4)
1. The utility model provides an input polarization state irrelevant two optical fiber ring cascade depolarizer, is cascaded by two optical fiber ring (1, 2) and constitutes, and arbitrary one port optic fibre of optical fiber ring 1 and arbitrary one port optic fibre butt fusion of optical fiber ring 2 constitute its characterized in that: each optical fiber ring (1, 2) is composed of a single mode optical fiber with the length larger than the depolarized coherent length and a 2 multiplied by 2 single mode optical fiber coupler (5, 6); the optical fiber in the ring is coiled by a plurality of circles, so that the birefringence effect of the optical fiber introduced by bending and twisting has the polarization conversion effect of a half-wave plate; the optical fiber ring decomposes the input light into direct light and light components which circulate in the ring for different times, and has the function of carrying out polarization decomposition on the input light, wherein the direct light and the light components which circulate for even times have the same polarization state, and the light components which circulate for odd times have the same polarization state; when the splitting ratio of the optical fiber ring inner coupler is 1: 2, the optical power for realizing the polarization separation of the two groups is equal; the two optical fiber rings realized by the method are respectively fixed on the die discs (3, 4) so as to keep the stability of polarization conversion characteristics; after the two optical fiber rings are in cascade fusion, the two optical fiber ring mould discs are twisted to ensure that the polarization conversion vectors of the two optical fiber rings are perpendicular and orthogonal to each other, so that the depolarization of input light in any polarization state can be realized.
2. The input polarization state independent dual-fiber ring cascade depolarizer of claim 1, wherein: the optimal value of the splitting ratio of the optical fiber coupler forming the optical fiber ring is 1: 2; the splitting ratio of the coupler needs to be adjusted in consideration of the loss of the optical fiber in the optical fiber ring and the loss of the optical fiber coupler.
3. The input polarization state independent dual-fiber ring cascade depolarizer of claim 1, wherein: the optical fiber used in the device is a general single mode optical fiber.
4. The input polarization state independent dual-fiber ring cascade depolarizer of claim 1, wherein: the key for realizing depolarization is to ensure that the polarization conversion effect of the optical fiber winding in the optical fiber ring has the polarization conversion property of a half-wave plate; the detection for ensuring that the polarization conversion effect of the optical fiber winding has the property of a half-wave plate is as follows: through the rotatory good optic fibre winding of coiling, monitor the change orbit of the polarization state of output light: when the optical fiber is rotated by 180 degrees around the optical fiber transmission direction as an axis, the output light polarization state locus is an 8-shaped locus on the poincar sphere; when two circles of the 8-shaped track are overlapped, the optical fiber winding coil has the ideal property of a half-wave plate; when the 8-shaped track is reduced to one point, the polarization of the optical fiber winding is converted into the property of a full wave plate; when the included angle between the two circles of the 8-shaped locus is 90 degrees, the 8-shaped locus is 1/4 wave plate property.
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