CN102162783A - Mass-classification-based device and method for measuring yarn capillary pore radius distribution - Google Patents
Mass-classification-based device and method for measuring yarn capillary pore radius distribution Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a mass-classification-based device and method for measuring yarn capillary pore radius distribution. The distortion caused by pressurization or vacuumization in the size measurement on flexible yarn pores by a conventional capillary measurement method can be avoided; aiming at the flexibility and thin and complex structure of the yarn, a framework suspending device and a multi-template combination cutting plate are designed to carry out bonding, cutting and measurement on each section of liquid-containing yarn, hundreds of yarn can be measured at one time, and error is reduced. According to the invention, an equation about the relationship between height and pore radius is set up according to capillary pressure and weight balance principle, liquid-containing amount difference subtraction is carried out on yarn classification of adjacent heights from low to high sequentially when wicking is balanced, and the liquid-containing amount of the corresponding size pore in the yarn classification with lower height is obtained; data is calculated according to the disclosed percentage formula of the yarn classification liquid-containing amount, and a pore radius distribution column diagram, a curve diagram and a cumulative diagram are drawn; and the method and the device are simple to operate, have high accuracy and good data repeatability, and the problem of quantitative measurement of yarn pore radius distribution is solved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of yarn capillary aperture Determination of distribution method.
Background technology
Wettability of fabrics all is vital for its wet processing and the wet comfortableness of heat.Pore aggregate as both ends open, partial order, wettability of fabrics is common and its pore distribution is closely related, because no matter be to wet to process or take in the process, transporting of moisture, organic solvent and sweat all mainly is to carry out in pore, and processes such as the absorption that wherein relates to, diffusion, infiltration, evaporation all depend on the structure (shape, roughness, size, distribution etc.) of pore.Complicacy in view of fabric construction, the method of measuring wetting property of the fabric for a long time all is than the pore tolerance on the large scale more, mainly comprise: capillary wicking method, sessile drop method, sedimentation etc., the pore structure direct correlation with fabric owing to fail, restricted the essence of further investigation fabric wetting behavior and further quantification measure.All be to calculate fabric pore radius by formula both at home and abroad according to the geometry of deth parameter, or be reduced to the processing of average pore size and maximum, minimum-value aperture, be difficult to satisfy the difference of the wetting behavior that the numerous and complicated fabric construction of quantitatively characterizing kind causes, restricted control the performances such as the wet comfortableness of heat of dyeing, back finishing process even fabric.200910194353.9) but also do not see relevant mensuration along the report of yam axis pore through distributing so far Qi Hongjin etc. have declared the patent of invention along the pore diameter distribution method of testing on fabric plane based on the quality grading method (application number:.As everyone knows, yarn is greatly different with the configuration of fabric, and yarn is the chief component of fabric, and the pore structure of yarn has determined the pore structure of fabric to a great extent.But we discover, the pore diameter distribution of fabric and be not equal to the yarn pore diameter distribution simply add and.Therefore further accurately wet processing of control and fiber heat moisture performance are necessary to understanding the fabric pore structure in depth to measure yarn micron order line pore structure.Although it is that 200910194353.9 fabric pore diameter distribution is measured basic identical that the quality grading method that the present invention proposes is measured along the principle of yam axis pore through distributing and the application number that proposes early stage, but because the special wire configuration and the littler size of yarn are obviously different with device to the assay method of yarn based on this principle.And, difference is subtracted computing formula improve, new liquid content percentage computing formula has been proposed
Calculating and measuring accuracy have been improved.The present invention has narrated the quality grading principle and has proposed a kind of new assay method emphatically and designed corresponding new equipment, can adopt histogram, the differential curve figure of the cotton capillary pore diameter distribution of different fractions number mensuration.This is not to obtain according to geometry calculation, but by capillary rise measure directly and yarn even the related pore diameter distribution of fabric wetting behavior.According to this two class figure, can analyze the precision and the reappearance of contrast yarn pore diameter distribution and data quantitatively.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention provides a kind of electric measuring method that adopts the quality grading method to the yarn capillary pore diameter distribution of flexibility, and quick, easy and accurate mensuration is along the distribution in capillary aperture, fabric plane.
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the present invention proposes a kind of apparatus and method of measuring yarn capillary pore diameter distribution based on the quality grading method.
Its device comprises: yarn hangs the rectangular frame device, liquid tank and yarn cutting plate, wherein:
The rectangular frame device is used to hang yarn and carries out wicking, this device is by two Rectangular Rigid Plate and four support posts are formed up and down, many parallel penetrating grooves are arranged on two plates, well width is greater than yarn diameter, between the groove distance as far as possible closely but capillary action can not take place, the length of groove and number need decision according to mensuration, groove is many more, long more, the yarn number that hangs is many more, and the liquid content DATA REASONING precision that obtains of averaging is high more; Liquid tank places under the rectangle yarn frame hanging device, is used to accept the yarn that dangles, and makes it to immerse in the liquid;
The yarn cutting plate is used for each section as the statistics fraction contained the cutting of liquid yarn, and cutting plate is made up of liner plate and template, and liner plate is a Rectangular Rigid Plate, and its length is greater than the limit lifting height of liquid in the yarn, and its width is equal to or greater than the length of template; Template is a Rectangular Rigid Plate, be fixed on above the liner plate side by side, its length direction is vertical with the length direction of liner plate, the template width promptly needs the length of each section yarn of cutting, template width d multiply by template and counts the limit lifting height h that n just equals liquid in the yarn, width d is big more, and the yarn number that once sticks is many more.The template number is exactly the level mark of quality grading, the slit width degree is the 0.01-0.5 millimeter between template, only cutter can be held or wave beam puts in cutting, the length of cutting plate is greater than the limit lifting height of liquid in the yarn, width is determined according to the yarn radical that will cut, once Qie Ge yarn is many more, and the cutting plate width is big more;
Adopt the quality grading method that yarn capillary aperture Determination of distribution method is comprised:
A. prepare the yarn be used to measure, this yarn can be made of natural and/or man-made fiber, and yarn by splitting out in the fabric, is carried out pre-treatment according to the material difference, dirt on the yarn is removed flushing, drying for standby with washing agent and/or organic solvent;
B. prepare the liquid be used to measure, comprise the liquid that all are wetting to yarn, promptly liquid to the contact angle of yarn less than 90 degree;
C. observe limit capillary rise height and time of repose, in order to determine the level mark of cutting.Liquid is added the inertia dyestuffs such as methyl orange that do not produce absorption and reaction with fiber, yarn is mounted on the suspender, print keeps stretching with vertical, correct under it and imbed liquid level, being placed on 10-60 ℃, relative humidity is in 5-100% and atmospheric constant temperature and humidity of 0.7-1.2 and the gas-pressure ring border, leaves standstill that liquid level no longer rises in yarn;
D. hang yarn with the rectangular frame device, the 10-300 one thread is fixed in the upper plate groove, pass the groove of base plate then, every lower end is fastened a little weight and is immersed in the liquid, keep vertical suspention not contact with groove, keep one section 1-2cm between base plate and the liquid level at interval, this is that yarn swims to distinguish;
E. device being put into 10-60 ℃, relative humidity is 5-100% and atmospheric constant temperature and humidity of 0.7-1.2 and gas-pressure ring border, leaves standstill to reach the described time of c, can determine that liquid level no longer rises in the yarn, can cut;
F. under the constant temperature and humidity and air pressure conditions of step f, with the close one group of yarn that is dangling that will cut of cutting plate, post double faced adhesive tape on each template, one group of yarn of width and cutting plate coupling is sticked on each and every one template, lower end and upper end that yarn sticks are cut off, cut the upper end earlier and cut off end again with pocket knife, mobile again cutting plate is near another group yarn, paste and cut, operate equally one by one, finish until all being hung yarns cutting;
G. along slit between each template of cutting plate yarn is slit into n segment, will respectively contains liquid section yarn and weigh respectively together with template and double faced adhesive tape and obtain weight in wet base, drying is removed to be placed under the constant temperature and humidity condition of step f behind the liquid and is reached balance, and weighing obtains dry weight again;
H. the yarn fraction of gained, the small test strip sequence number increases progressively from the bottom up, and n+1 small test strip deducts dry weight by the weight in wet base with each small test strip altogether, obtains the contained liquid weight of small test strip and is respectively m
1, m
2... m
n, m
N+1, by the new formula of the present invention's proposition
Carry out data processing, obtain the number percent C that amount of liquid in each section yarn fraction endoporus accounts for the total liquid content of whole print
n, m in the formula
n, m
N+1Be respectively in adjacent two sections small test strip the liquid content of below and top small test strip; Liquid tank places under the rectangle yarn frame hanging device, is used to accept the yarn that dangles, and makes it to immerse in the liquid;
The yarn cutting plate is used for each section as the statistics fraction contained the cutting of liquid yarn, and cutting plate is made up of liner plate and template, and liner plate is a Rectangular Rigid Plate, and its length is greater than the limit lifting height of liquid in the yarn, and its width is equal to or greater than the length of template;
Template is a Rectangular Rigid Plate, be fixed on above the liner plate side by side, its length direction is vertical with the length direction of liner plate, the template width promptly needs the length of each section yarn of cutting, template width d multiply by template and counts the limit lifting height h that n just equals liquid in the yarn, width d is big more, and the yarn number that once sticks is many more.The template number is exactly the level mark of quality grading, the slit width degree is the 0.01-0.5 millimeter between template, only cutter can be held or wave beam puts in cutting, the length of cutting plate is greater than the limit lifting height of liquid in the yarn, width is determined according to the yarn radical that will cut, once Qie Ge yarn is many more, and the cutting plate width is big more;
Adopt the quality grading method that yarn capillary aperture Determination of distribution method is comprised:
A. prepare the yarn be used to measure, this yarn can be made of natural and/or man-made fiber, and yarn by splitting out in the fabric, is carried out pre-treatment according to the material difference, dirt on the yarn is removed flushing, drying for standby with washing agent and/or organic solvent;
B. prepare the liquid be used to measure, comprise the liquid that all are wetting to yarn, promptly liquid to the contact angle of yarn less than 90 degree;
C. observe limit capillary rise height and time of repose, in order to determine the level mark of cutting.Liquid is added the inertia dyestuffs such as methyl orange that do not produce absorption and reaction with fiber, yarn is mounted on the suspender, print keeps stretching with vertical, correct under it and imbed liquid level, being placed on 10-60 ℃, relative humidity is in 5-100% and atmospheric constant temperature and humidity of 0.7-1.2 and the gas-pressure ring border, leaves standstill that liquid level no longer rises in yarn;
D. hang yarn with the rectangular frame device, the 10-300 one thread is fixed in the upper plate groove, pass the groove of base plate then, every lower end is fastened a little weight and is immersed in the liquid, keep vertical suspention not contact with groove, keep one section 1-2cm between base plate and the liquid level at interval, this is that yarn swims to distinguish;
E. device being put into 10-60 ℃, relative humidity is 5-100% and atmospheric constant temperature and humidity of 0.7-1.2 and gas-pressure ring border, leaves standstill to reach the described time of c, can determine that liquid level no longer rises in the yarn, can cut;
F. under the constant temperature and humidity and air pressure conditions of step f, with the close one group of yarn that is dangling that will cut of cutting plate, post double faced adhesive tape on each template, one group of yarn of width and cutting plate coupling is sticked on each and every one template, lower end and upper end that yarn sticks are cut off, cut the upper end earlier and cut off end again with pocket knife, mobile again cutting plate is near another group yarn, paste and cut, operate equally one by one, finish until all being hung yarns cutting;
G. along slit between each template of cutting plate yarn is slit into n segment, will respectively contains liquid section yarn and weigh respectively together with template and double faced adhesive tape and obtain weight in wet base, drying is removed to be placed under the constant temperature and humidity condition of step f behind the liquid and is reached balance, and weighing obtains dry weight again;
H. the yarn fraction of gained, the small test strip sequence number increases progressively from the bottom up, and n+1 small test strip deducts dry weight by the weight in wet base with each small test strip altogether, obtains the contained liquid weight of small test strip and is respectively m
1, m
2... m
n, m
N+1, by the new formula of the present invention's proposition
Carry out data processing, obtain the number percent C that amount of liquid in each section yarn fraction endoporus accounts for the total liquid content of whole print
n, m in the formula
n, m
N+1Be respectively in adjacent two sections small test strip the liquid content of below and top small test strip;
I. set up the relational expression between aperture and small test strip respective heights
Obtain the respective heights small test strip and include liquid
The radius R in hole j., γ, θ, ρ, h and g are respectively surface tension of liquid, contact angle, density, height and the acceleration of gravity of each small test strip in hanging print in the formula.
K. the cloth specimen differing heights that draws according to the data processed result of step f
Small test strip liquid content number percent Cn, formula is tried to achieve the corresponding aperture that little of corresponding height of test includes liquid pores among the integrating step i again, the two obtains the capillary aperture distribution histogram that print by volume calculates to paintings figure, and further obtains the curve map and the cumulative chart of aperture continuous distribution;
L. according to the above-mentioned weight data C that respectively organizes
nWith the pore radius data of correspondence, by the weighted mean formula
Calculate the average pore size of print.
Wherein, the radical that is used to the yarn measured among the step a should be selected according to accuracy requirement, is generally the 10-2000 root, also can be more.Cutting method is machinery, chemistry, electric heating, photochemistry, galvanochemistry, laser, electromagnetic wave and beam-plasma method among the step f.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: the present invention utilizes traditional the mercury platen press and the gas adsorption method that are applicable to rigid material, but at the very thin yarn of flexibility, the direct pore diameter distribution related that measures by capillary rise with the liquid wetting behavior, obtain the histogram of pore through distributing of yarn, differential curve and summation curve, can avoid in the mensuration process because distortion of flexible space and distortion as a result that pressurization or vacuum cause, thereby can be according to the micrometer grade hole structure of contrast different structure of correct analysis as a result and material yarn, also can be according to these data analyses and control bafta institutional framework and pore diameter distribution, wet processing of further accurate control fabric and hot wet comfortableness.In addition, can also be according to the wet difference of capillary liquid when adding physiological activity such as man-hour or perspire campaign, difference characterizes yarn pore diameter distribution characteristic and figure.
Description of drawings
The present invention is further detailed explanation below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments.
Fig. 1 is that yarn hangs rectangular frame device synoptic diagram
Fig. 2 cutting plate synoptic diagram;
Fig. 3 is that two groups of 25 30 cotton yarn 1# samples record capillary aperture distribution histogram and the curve map that data are averaged and obtained in distilled water;
Fig. 4 is that two groups of 100 30 cotton yarn 2# samples record capillary aperture distribution histogram and the curve map that data are averaged and obtained in distilled water;
Embodiment
Below embodiments of the invention are elaborated, present embodiment is implemented under the technical solution of the present invention prerequisite, has provided detailed embodiment and concrete operating process, but protection scope of the present invention is not limit the following embodiment of what.
The present invention proposes a kind of quality grading method and coalignment is measured yarn capillary pore diameter distribution, and its device comprises: yarn hangs the rectangular frame device, liquid tank and yarn cutting plate, wherein:
The rectangular frame device is used to hang yarn and carries out wicking, this device is by two Rectangular Rigid Plate and four support posts are formed up and down, many parallel penetrating grooves are arranged on two plates, well width is greater than yarn diameter, between the groove distance as far as possible closely but capillary action can not take place, the length of groove and number need decision according to mensuration, groove is many more, long more, the yarn number that hangs is many more, and the liquid content DATA REASONING precision that obtains of averaging is high more;
Liquid tank places under the rectangle yarn frame hanging device, is used to accept the yarn that dangles, and makes it to immerse in the liquid; The yarn cutting plate is used for each section as the statistics fraction contained the cutting of liquid yarn.Cutting plate is made up of liner plate and template, and liner plate is a Rectangular Rigid Plate, and its length is greater than the limit lifting height of liquid in the yarn, and its width is equal to or greater than the length of template;
Template is a Rectangular Rigid Plate, be fixed on above the liner plate side by side, its length direction is vertical with the length direction of liner plate, the template width promptly needs the length of each section yarn of cutting, template width d multiply by template and counts the limit lifting height h that n just equals liquid in the yarn, width d is big more, and the yarn number that once sticks is many more.The template number is exactly the level mark of quality grading, the slit width degree is the 0.01-0.5 millimeter between template, only cutter can be held or wave beam puts in cutting, the length of cutting plate is greater than the limit lifting height of liquid in the yarn, width is determined according to the yarn radical that will cut, once Qie Ge yarn is many more, and the cutting plate width is big more.
Adopt the quality grading method that yarn capillary aperture Determination of distribution method is comprised:
A. prepare the yarn be used to measure, this yarn can be made of natural and/or man-made fiber, and yarn by splitting out in the fabric, is carried out pre-treatment according to the material difference, dirt on the yarn is removed flushing, drying for standby with washing agent and/or organic solvent;
B. prepare the liquid be used to measure, comprise the liquid that all are wetting to yarn, promptly liquid to the contact angle of yarn less than 90 degree;
C. observe limit capillary rise height and time of repose, in order to determine the level mark of cutting.Liquid is added the inertia dyestuffs such as methyl orange that do not produce absorption and reaction with fiber, yarn is mounted on the suspender, print keeps stretching with vertical, correct under it and imbed liquid level, being placed on 10-60 ℃, relative humidity is in 5-100% and atmospheric constant temperature and humidity of 0.7-1.2 and the gas-pressure ring border, leaves standstill that liquid level no longer rises in yarn;
D. hang yarn with the rectangular frame device, the 10-200 one thread is fixed in the upper plate groove, pass the groove of base plate then, every lower end is fastened a little weight and is immersed in the liquid, keep vertical suspention not contact with groove, keep one section 1-2cm between base plate and the liquid level at interval, this is the yarn district of swimming, and does not weigh and counts the yarn hole dimension;
E. device being put into 10-60 ℃, relative humidity is 5-100% and atmospheric constant temperature and humidity of 0.7-1.2 and gas-pressure ring border, leaves standstill to reach the described time of c, can determine that liquid level no longer rises in the yarn, can cut;
F. under the constant temperature and humidity and air pressure conditions of step f, with the close one group of yarn that is dangling that will cut of cutting plate, post double faced adhesive tape on each template, one group of yarn of width and cutting plate coupling is sticked on each and every one template, lower end and upper end that yarn sticks are cut off, cut off end earlier and cut the upper end again with pocket knife, mobile again cutting plate is near another group yarn, paste and cut, operate equally one by one, finish until all being hung yarns cutting;
G. along slit between each template of cutting plate yarn is slit into n segment, bonding all yarns of corresponding measure wicking height on every section template, to respectively contain liquid section yarn weighs respectively together with template and double faced adhesive tape and obtains weight in wet base, drying is removed to be placed under the constant temperature and humidity condition of step f behind the liquid and is reached balance, and weighing obtains dry weight again;
H. the yarn fraction of gained, the small test strip sequence number increases progressively from the bottom up, and n+1 small test strip deducts dry weight by the weight in wet base with each small test strip altogether, obtains the contained liquid weight of small test strip and is respectively m
1, m
2... m
n, m
N+1, by the new formula of the present invention's proposition
Carry out data processing, obtain the number percent C that amount of liquid in each section yarn fraction endoporus accounts for the total liquid content of whole print
n, m in the formula
n, m
N+1Be respectively in adjacent two sections small test strip the liquid content of below and top small test strip;
Transposition then can obtain the quantitative relation formula (4) that the present invention measures foundation:
In the formula: R is kapillary equivalent redius (m); ρ is test fluid density (kg/m3); G is liquid gravity acceleration (N/kg); H is a fabric vertical uplift height (m); γ is the interfacial tension (N/m) of liquid-gas; θ be fabric and test fluid contact angle (°).Obtain each amount of formula the right by measuring or tabling look-up, just can calculate the pore radius of respective heights.
Along the vertical hanging direction, because the rising rule of cylindrical pore is obeyed in the wicking behavior of yarn, we can regard the space in the yarn as the combination of different, the parallel cylindrical pore of a large amount of radiuses, be referred to as equivalent pore, and the capillary effect of yarn is exactly moisture raises in these pores integral body and macroscopic behavior.Therefore, the yarn thing of different tissues structure, no matter how complicated its structure is, its pore cluster can be converted to equivalent pore, and then under unified standard, carries out quantitative and comparison trickleer aspect to its capillary effect.Because yarn texture is uniformly along axis direction, being distributed in of these different radii holes all is identical on the fabric arbitrary height, so all be identical in the ratio of the various apertures of any height pore.But when the rising of yarn capillary reached thermodynamic equilibrium, the contained liquid in the inside was different.By (1) and (4) formula as can be known, the aperture is more little, and Laplace pressure is big more, and gravity is constant, and moisture rises just high more in the hole.So liquid is all contained in the height lower in the sample of yarn in gross porosity, mesopore and the pore, higher position then has only mesopore and pore to contain liquid, and more eminence then has only pore moisture.The present invention utilizes the variation with height of water cut in this different radii hole just, and the liquid content of the small test strip by adjacent two horizontal clips of differing heights poor obtains in the following small test strip quality than liquid in the coarse wool pore.Obviously, liquid content equals top small test strip and adds in the small test strip of top and bottom than liquid content in the coarse wool pore than liquid content in the pore in the following small test strip, because what can reach top small test strip also can reach following small test strip certainly than the liquid in the pore, just can obtain the quality that all can reach contained liquid in the pairing pore of following small test strip height so deduct top small test strip water cut with following small test strip liquid content.Subtract by the liquid content difference of carrying out successively from down to up, just can obtain the liquid content in the relevant radii pore of each respective heights.Because quality equals the product of volume and density, so by formula
The pore diameter distribution that calculates is the distribution that pore by volume calculates.Certainly, the small test strip of each height has certain width, and corresponding is the interior mean value of a narrower pore diameter range, also is the width of each post in the histogram.When small test strip narrows down when reaching capacity, width is condensed to a bit, and histogram is converted into the continually varying curve map.Theoretically, should make small test strip narrow as far as possible in the experiment, can obtain the distribution plan of more refinement, but bring the error of weighing to increase thereupon.Contrast by experiment, the present invention generally is controlled at width 0.5～6 centimetre according to the different requirements of measuring accuracy.
Although wetting in the yarn in the pore is a complex process, comprise the transporting of laminar flow fluid, spread, to variation of static state or the like, but capillary rising limiting altitude is the net result of various effects by dynamically for the change of absorption, surface energy (Gu Gu liquid/vapour, liquid/and vapour /), contact angle.When reaching thermodynamic equilibrium, in when height of just reaching capacity, its kinetic factor just no longer exerts an influence, and for same fabric/liquid system, its pore diameter distribution is exactly a monodrome.
According to formula (4), after the capillary rising reached balance with action of gravity, arbitrary height h had the capillary aperture R of a correspondence in the fabric, all can reach this height smaller or equal to the liquid in the pore in this aperture.And for height intervals different in the yarn (be in this experiment the width of a series of little small test strip of cutting of level) successively, all the mean value Ra of a corresponding pore radius (being the radius mean value of small test strip upper limb and following marginal pore) and liquid content accordingly.Its average pore size is tending towards the aperture value that a ultimate value is reduced to respective heights when the small test strip narrowed width.But the too narrow relative error that then can cause cutting little of yarn and weighing of small test strip width increases, so through the general small test strip that adopts 0.5～6cm of preliminary experiment the present invention, the small test strip width that adopts for same experiment sustained height should be identical, but little of the experiment of adopting for same experiment differing heights can be the same or different, because get over eminence, liquid content is few more, and little longer, the error that can reduce to weigh for same balance.For per two adjacent small test strip, since highly different, amount of liquid difference in two small test strip, more in the small test strip of below.The weight in wet base that each small test strip is moisture deducts the small test strip dry weight earlier, obtain water cut, whenever the water cut difference of adjacent two small test strip subtracts again, can get in the small test strip of below correspondingly to the liquid content in the coarse wool pore, also respective heights contains the quantity of the gross porosity of liquid in this print of promptly representing with weight.Liquid content in all corresponding pore radius average of the every small test strip of cutting successively from bottom to top and this hole, this value and the percentage by weight that the total liquid content number percent of whole yarn is corresponding hole, this aperture are represented by the new formula (5) that the present invention proposes
C in the formula
nFor liquid in the hole of small test strip accounts for the number percent of total liquid content, m
N+1, m
nBe respectively in adjacent two sections small test strip the liquid content of below and top small test strip.The micropore mean radius of yarn then can utilize formula (1-6) to obtain by each small test strip aperture weighted sum:
Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 hang rectangular frame device synoptic diagram and cutting plate synoptic diagram for yarn.
Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 are respectively pore diameter distribution histogram and the curve map of sample 1# and 2#.1# is that two groups of 25 30 cotton yarns record data and average and obtain histogram and curve map in distilled water, 2# is that two groups of 100 30 cotton yarns record data and average and obtain histogram and curve map in distilled water, all be to calculate number percent by the difference of liquid content in the pore in the little small test strip of each classification of experiment print to obtain, curve map is the continuous curve that utilizes the graphic differentiation match to obtain on the histogram basis, the two all is normalized, at the hole number percent that can obtain different apertures correspondence in varying degrees.These two kinds of figure obtain according to geometry calculation, but the direct pore diameter distribution related with the fabric wetting behavior that measures by capillary rise.They never ipsilateral reflected the pore diameter distribution feature of fabric sample.
From the figure contrast as can be known, the figure that yarn radical difference obtains is similar on the whole, all is along with the aperture increases, and the boring ratio example is sharply reduced by second largest value earlier, slightly increases again, slightly reduces again, sharply is increased to maximal value at last.The micrometer grade hole structure that this method can the quantitatively characterizing yarn is described, can be for controlling its wettability and wet processing provide believable basic data.But the fine degree difference of the different figure of radical, the histogram of 1# have only the i.e. ratio of 6 hole dimensions of 6 posts, and the histogram of 2# then has the i.e. ratio of 9 hole dimensions of 9 posts, and the radical of obviously testing yarn increases the fine degree increase of figure.The pore diameter range of 1# figure is 159-478 μ m, and the pore diameter range of 2# figure is 114-478 μ m, the radical increase of illustrative experiment yarn also increases the pore diameter range of test, and show the extension of aperture scope, this is because under the prerequisite that the balance precision is determined, yarn increases and causes the liquid total amount that contains of eminence yarn more to increase, and can be recorded by balance.
The relative deviation that per two groups of samples record liquid content is also different, and 1# is less than 10%, and 2# illustrates that less than 5% this method reappearance is totally better, and along with the radical and the group number of experiment yarn increases, reappearance also increases.
This enforcement has only provided the concrete examples of applications of part, but for the patent personnel that are engaged in yarn pore structure mensuration, also can design the modified product of multiple mode according to above enlightenment, and this still is considered to be covered by among the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. according to claim 1 based on the device of quality grading method measurement yarn pore through distributing, it is characterized in that described liquid tank places under the rectangle yarn frame hanging device, is used to accept the yarn that dangles, and makes it to immerse in the liquid;
2. according to claim 1 based on the device of quality grading method measurement yarn pore through distributing, it is characterized in that: described yarn cutting plate is used for each section as the statistics fraction contained the cutting of liquid yarn.Cutting plate is made up of liner plate and template, and liner plate is a Rectangular Rigid Plate, and its length is greater than the limit lifting height of liquid in the yarn, and its width is equal to or greater than the length of template;
3. according to claim 1 based on the device of quality grading method measurement yarn pore through distributing, it is characterized in that: described cutting plate is a Rectangular Rigid Plate, be fixed on above the liner plate side by side, its length direction is vertical with the length direction of liner plate, the template width promptly needs the length of each section yarn of cutting, template width d multiply by template and counts the limit lifting height h that n just equals liquid in the yarn, and width d is big more, and the yarn number that once sticks is many more.The template number is exactly the level mark of quality grading, the slit width degree is the 0.01-0.5 millimeter between template, only cutter can be held or wave beam puts in cutting, the length of cutting plate is greater than the limit lifting height of liquid in the yarn, width is determined according to the yarn radical that will cut, once Qie Ge yarn is many more, and the cutting plate width is big more;
One kind with the measuring the method for yarn pore based on the quality grading method and it is characterized in that of said apparatus coupling through distributing
A. prepare the yarn be used to measure, this yarn can be made of natural and/or man-made fiber, and yarn by splitting out in the fabric, is carried out pre-treatment according to the material difference, dirt on the yarn is removed flushing, drying for standby with washing agent and/or organic solvent;
B. prepare the liquid be used to measure, comprise the liquid that all are wetting to yarn, promptly liquid to the contact angle of yarn less than 90 degree;
C. observe limit capillary rise height and time of repose, in order to determine the level mark of cutting.Liquid is added the inertia dyestuffs such as methyl orange that do not produce absorption and reaction with fiber, yarn is mounted on the suspender, print keeps stretching with vertical, correct under it and imbed liquid level, being placed on 10-60 ℃, relative humidity is in 5-100% and atmospheric constant temperature and humidity of 0.7-1.2 and the gas-pressure ring border, leaves standstill that liquid level no longer rises in yarn;
D. hang yarn with the rectangular frame device, the 10-300 one thread is fixed in the upper plate groove, pass the groove of base plate then, every lower end is fastened a little weight and is immersed in the liquid, keep vertical suspention not contact with groove, keep one section 1-2cm between base plate and the liquid level at interval, this is the yarn district of swimming, and does not weigh and counts the yarn hole dimension;
E. device being put into 10-60 ℃, relative humidity is 5-100% and atmospheric constant temperature and humidity of 0.7-1.2 and gas-pressure ring border, leaves standstill to reach the described time of c, can determine that liquid level no longer rises in the yarn, can cut;
F. under the constant temperature and humidity and air pressure conditions of step f, cutting plate near the one group of yarn that is dangling that will cut, is posted double faced adhesive tape on each template, one group of yarn that width and cutting plate are mated sticks on each and every one template, with pocket knife yarn is sticked
G. cut off lower end and upper end, cuts off end earlier and cut the upper end again, and mobile again cutting plate is pasted and cut near another group yarn, operates equally one by one, finishes until all are hung yarns cutting;
H. along slit between each template of cutting plate yarn is slit into n segment, will respectively contains liquid section yarn and weigh respectively together with template and double faced adhesive tape and obtain weight in wet base, drying is removed to be placed under the constant temperature and humidity condition of step f behind the liquid and is reached balance, and weighing obtains dry weight again;
I. the yarn fraction of gained, the small test strip sequence number increases progressively from the bottom up, and n+1 small test strip deducts dry weight by the weight in wet base with each small test strip altogether, obtains the contained liquid weight of small test strip and is respectively m
1, m
2M
n, m
N+1, by the new formula of the present patent application people proposition
Carry out data processing, obtain the number percent C that amount of liquid in each section yarn fraction endoporus accounts for the total liquid content of whole print
n, m in the formula
n, m
N+1Be respectively in adjacent two sections small test strip the liquid content of below and top small test strip;
J. set up the relational expression between aperture and small test strip respective heights
Obtain the respective heights small test strip and include liquid
The radius R in hole, γ, θ, ρ, h and g are respectively surface tension of liquid, contact angle, density, height and the acceleration of gravity of each small test strip in hanging print in the formula.
K. the cloth specimen differing heights that draws according to the data processed result of step f is surveyed
L. try little liquid content number percent Cn, formula is tried to achieve the corresponding aperture that little of corresponding height of test includes liquid pores among the integrating step i again, the two obtains the capillary aperture distribution histogram that print by volume calculates to paintings figure, and further obtains the curve map and the cumulative chart of aperture continuous distribution.
M. according to the above-mentioned weight data C that respectively organizes
nWith the pore radius data of correspondence, by the weighted mean formula
Calculate the average pore size of print.
5. employing quality grading method according to claim 5 is characterized in that step f to yarn capillary aperture Determination of distribution method, and cutting method is machinery, chemistry, electric heating, photochemistry, galvanochemistry, laser, electromagnetic wave and beam-plasma method among the g.
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| CN105136644A (en) * | 2015-09-07 | 2015-12-09 | 华东交通大学 | Equivalent method of aperture for hole between clay particles |
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| CN102539298B (en) * | 2011-12-13 | 2015-06-24 | 五邑大学 | Measuring method for dynamic capillary aperture distribution of flexible material based on parameter classification and measuring device therefor |
| CN105136644A (en) * | 2015-09-07 | 2015-12-09 | 华东交通大学 | Equivalent method of aperture for hole between clay particles |
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