CN102162711A - A molding binding device of firecrackers tube cake - Google Patents
A molding binding device of firecrackers tube cake Download PDFInfo
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- CN102162711A CN102162711A CN2011100325832A CN201110032583A CN102162711A CN 102162711 A CN102162711 A CN 102162711A CN 2011100325832 A CN2011100325832 A CN 2011100325832A CN 201110032583 A CN201110032583 A CN 201110032583A CN 102162711 A CN102162711 A CN 102162711A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a molding binding device of firecrackers tube cake, comprising a vertical feeding system, a loading molding system, a binding system and a control system. The beneficial effects of the molding binding device of firecrackers tube cake are lie in that(1) the arrangement, combination molding and binding of the firecrackers tube cake are completed in full-automation, the molding speed is fast, the binding is tight and the shape of the firecrackers tube cake is regular and beautiful; more than 300 firecrackers tube cakes can be finished per hour, which saves the human resources significantly, improves the work efficiency and solves the problem of labor shortage; (2) each part of the molding binding device is modular designed and installed, the size can be adjusted in accordance with the product, and the operation is convenient and the maintenance is fast; the abrasion of the contact site is low by employing a pneumatic roller structure, so that the device can be used for a long time without worrying about the precision to be effected.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of manufacturing machine of firecrackers, especially a kind of firecracker cylinder cake moulding knot installation.
Background technology
The fireworks volume of production and marketing significantly increase with the day by day high background of recruitment cost under, the mechanization that fireworks is produced requires also more and more stronger.Separation in the firecracker production, cut a sheet of paper, plant and draw, pull tube, knot whip, encapsulation, medicine-feeding and operations such as medicine, tight mouth and all constantly using popularization mechanization production.The moulding of whip firecracker cylinder cake is tied up in the operation only, the machinery that does not also have to be suitable for can satisfy this requirement, what adopt mostly all still is traditional manual mode: the whip firecracker cylinder of a large amount of in disorder placements is put in order by manual, sets of numbers merges the hexagonal barrels cake that is bundled into rule in accordance with regulations, the whip firecracker cylinder could be sent into next process and process.Its production efficiency is extremely low.Become one of bottleneck of restriction firecrackers large-scale production.
Though some associated mechanical are also arranged in the prior art, all just solved from a moulding problem of loosing to the tube cake, can not finish automatically and tie up; And because design is reasonable inadequately, its forming process also be unable to do without artificial assistance, is difficult to satisfy the full-automatic actual needs of producing.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve above-mentioned drawback, technical problem to be solved by this invention is: provide a kind of and can put the plant equipment that a plurality of firecracker cylinders of combination become regular shape tube cake and tie up automatically in order.In order to solve the technical problem, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is, a kind of firecracker cylinder cake moulding knot installation comprises vertical blanking system, the formation system that connects material, bounding system and control system:
Described vertical blanking system comprises by feed hopper and feed hopper vibrating device, Y shape blanking channel and the Y shape blanking channel vibrating device of bearing block support at frame top, connect the import of Y shape blanking channel under the feed hopper outlet, Y shape blanking channel is made up of fixed base plate, side plate and cover plate, fixed base plate is fixed on the frame perpendicular to horizontal plane, two blocks of side plates are " Y " font and are arranged on the fixed base plate, cover plate is installed on the side plate, adjustable before and after the cover plate installation site, to adapt to the firecracker cylinder of different length specification.The outlet of Y shape blanking channel is provided with pneumatic insertion plate door, closes the outlet of Y shape blanking channel when the following shaping frame mould material that connects material is full.
As a kind of improvement, described feed hopper is provided with feeding device, as conveyer belt, so that add firecracker cylinder in feed hopper.
As a kind of preferred, described feed hopper vibrating device is meant that feed hopper connects motor by connecting rod, eccentric wheel, big belt wheel, small pulley in regular turn, forms 420-450 time/minute vibration frequency, satisfies defeatedly to expect and the demand of moulding.
As a kind of preferred, described Y shape blanking channel vibrating device is made up of passage electromagnetic vibrator and oscillating plate, and oscillating plate is embedded in the interior fixed base plate of described Y shape blanking channel.
As a kind of improvement, described Y shape blanking channel is provided with current divider near the centre position of import, makes the firecracker cylinder of admission passage evenly distribute.
As a kind of improvement, the axis of described Y shape blanking channel is provided with at least one decompression rod, distributes to improve channel inner pressure, avoids stopping up because of firecracker cylinder causes passage.
As a kind of improvement, the outlet of described Y shape blanking channel top is provided with pneumatic reason material pin, and described pneumatic reason material pin is move left and right under cylinder drives, and guarantees that discharging is smooth and easy.
The described formation system that connects material mainly comprises connect material shaping frame mould and pusher, the connect material size and the position of shaping frame mould top opening exports corresponding with Y shape blanking channel, the shaping frame that connects material is installed on the support that connects material by the electromagnetic vibrator that connects material, support below connection master cylinder connects material, the support both sides that connect material are installed on the guide rail by linear bearing, and guide rail is installed on the described fixed base plate;
Pusher comprises and is arranged on described fixed base plate and the scraping wings between the shaping frame mould of connecting material, the shape of scraping wings and position are corresponding with the shaping frame mould that connects material, the scraping wings back side connects stepper motor by rack and pinion drive mechanism, and inductor is provided with some induction points along driving rack.Adopt the high accuracy stepper motor, the Magnetic Induction location, precision can be controlled in the 0.2MM.
The described shaping frame mould that connects material is made into the module group of different size with timber, makes easily, and it is convenient to change, and correspondence is applicable to all size firecracker cylinder of diameter 5-16mm.
Consider and to the following of traditional habit, the described shaping frame mould preferable shape that connects material is a regular hexagon for tying up closely.But other shapes do not influence enforcement of the present invention.
As a kind of improvement, the described shaping frame mould that connects material is made up of two parts up and down, is connected with shell fragment with hinge between two parts, and the both side edges of opening is provided with roller above the described shaping frame mould that connects material, and the side plate outside of described Y shape blanking channel is provided with the roller guide plate.Master cylinder promotes to connect material in the process that the shaping frame mould rises, the described side plate outside of shaping frame mould top opening sleeve that connect material at described Y shape blanking channel, under the effect of described shell fragment, described roller is pressed in to roll on the roller guide plate and rises, and enlarges the volume of the described shaping frame mould that connects material slightly.Its role is to, one, after returning when connecting material, firecracker cylinder in the mould is held on mould top tightly under the shell fragment effect, makes that the tube cake is more tight; Its two, when there was scale error in the firecracker cylinder that prevents same specification, the firecrackers number that enters in the shaping frame mould that connects material reduced.As further preferred, described roller is provided with the installation site governor motion, and left and right adjusting roller installation site adapts to different scale error rates easily.
The possible ejection of firecracker cylinder in the process of connecting material, as a kind of improvement, the described shaping frame mould that connects material is provided with pneumatic anti-channeling door.When mould begins to return decline, close, open when dropping to initial point.
Described bounding system comprises directed frame mould, binding apparatus, knotting device, directed frame mould is installed on the described shaping frame mould the place ahead that connects material, its shape and position are corresponding with the described shaping frame mould that connects material, and binding apparatus is positioned at directed frame mould the place ahead, is provided with in opposite directions with directed frame mould.
As a kind of preferred, be provided with clamping clip before the tube cake outlet of described directed frame mould, its shape is corresponding with directed frame mould.Can be mated and dress up one,, its role is to clamp treating in the directed frame mould and tie up a cake, guarantee bundling quality by the clamp air cylinder driven.
Described knotting device is a mechanical type tightrope knotter, can adopt multiple knotting mode or device, as the still widely used so far olecranon knotter that comes out from 20th century, the tightrope knotter of external moulding mainly contains two kinds of D type knotter (Deering) and C type knotters (cormic), can be referring to U.S. US3416824 patent in 1967 or U.S. US4157063 patent in 1978.Other knottings of the present invention and the mode of tying up also can be used for reference disclosed knotting form or the device tied up in the correlation technique that present those of ordinary skills can inquire on open source literature.
As a kind of preferred, the olecranon knotter of described knotting device below directed frame mould formed.Described knotting device drives and controls itself and the work of bounding system coordinate synchronization by gear wheel by Large Gear Shaft During, cam inductor, cam.Gear wheel connects drive transmission.Described cam revolves and turns around, and the olecranon knotter is finished knotting, broken string action automatically.
As a kind of optimal way, described binding apparatus comprises presses rope mechanism, strainer,
Described pressure rope mechanism places on the saddle of binding apparatus header board, is made up of stage clip, pinch roller, guide wheel A, air-cored axis; Its role is to make tie string to guarantee that by air-cored axis a cake binds smoothly.
Air-cored axis on the fork of described strainer and the binding apparatus header board is assembled into one, and fork is provided with guide wheel B, regulating wheel, lead ring, guide pin bushing, distaff, and distaff places the right side of folder tube pincers front at the fork tail end; The tie string fag end that described strainer is drawn is fixed by knotter.Driving distaff by gear wheel by three identical middle gear, air-cored axis, forks of the number of teeth ties up around the tube cake.Gear wheel connects drive transmission.
Described gear wheel is divided into full-depth tooth, half tooth two-stage structure, and half tooth position is provided with the edge, location.Its operating principle is: gear wheel driving distaff rotation enters half tooth position after finishing and tying up, and this moment, gear wheel no longer drove the distaff rotation, finished knotting work but drive knotter by cam.
As a kind of preferred, whole gear wheel 105 teeth, half tooth position is 37 teeth, the position of this 37 tooth is provided with edge, location, 10 rev/mins of rotating speeds; Pinion 15 teeth, middle gear 35 teeth are with scarce 1 tooth of the middle gear of gear wheel engagement.Playing the location meshes again with smooth and gear wheel.
The advantage of described bounding system is, adopts gear drive, has effectively dwindled equipment volume, to adapt to the dimensional requirement that the firecracker cylinder cake is tied up; Can finish once same firecracker cylinder cake as required or secondary is tied up.
Described control system is gathered signal feedback to single-chip microcomputer by inductor, and single-chip microcomputer is controlled the action of each motor and cylinder thereof according to pre-set programs, realizes the operation of complete machine coordinate synchronization.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is: one, automatically finish arrangement, the combination forming of firecracker cylinder cake and tie up, shaping speed is fast, ties up that knotting is tight, tube cheese shape rule is attractive in appearance.Per hour can finish more than 300 cakes, greatly save human resources, increase work efficiency, solve labour's problem in short supply.Two, each component models design, installation can be regulated size according to product, and be easy to operate, safeguards quick; Adopt pneumatic, roller structure, contact site wearing and tearing are low, can use for a long time and needn't worry to influence precision.
The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a specific embodiment complete machine structure front view;
Fig. 2 is specific embodiment complete machine structure left view A (reflects vertical blanking, the formation system structure connects material);
Fig. 3 is specific embodiment complete machine structure left view B (a reflection bounding system structure);
Fig. 4 is a specific embodiment complete machine structure vertical view;
Fig. 5 is the part enlarged drawing (pressing the concrete structure of rope mechanism and strainer in the reflection bounding system) of specific embodiment complete machine structure vertical view;
Fig. 6 is that the K of Fig. 5 is to view;
Fig. 7 is a specific embodiment control system operation principle flow chart.
The specific embodiment
Referring to accompanying drawing, reflect a kind of concrete structure of the present invention, described firecracker cylinder cake moulding knot installation comprises vertical blanking system, the formation system that connects material, bounding system and control system.Its concrete structure and workflow are as follows:
Feed hopper 103 is bearing in frame 102 upper stratas by two groups of bearing block groups 101, and frame 102 is adjusted through six adjustable shockproof deep bid station pin 109, guarantees that equipment operation is steady, effectively reduces the requirement to the place.Feed hopper 103 forms 420-450/ by connecting rod 104, eccentric wheel 106, balance weight 111, big belt wheel 105, small pulley 107, main motor 108 and divides vibration frequency, satisfies the demand of expecting with moulding of failing.Main motor 108 is installed on the middle level fixed head of frame.
Connect material mould 212, linear bearing 213, rail brackets 201, guide rail 202 is installed in the front of the fixed base plate 114 of Y shape blanking channel.The support 214 that connects material on the master cylinder 216 connects linear bearing 213 with the electromagnetic vibrator 215 that connects material, and the mould 212 that connects material is installed on the connect material support 214 and the electromagnetic vibrator 215 that connects material.The mould 212 that connects material is done descending motion along guide rail 202 in vibration.Connecting material connects with hinge 220, shell fragment 211 between mould 212 top and the bottom, and there is the roller 219 that rises along roller guide plate 218 the upper opening both sides.The mould 212 that connects material is provided with pneumatic anti-channeling door 204, is driven by anti-channeling door cylinder 221.
When the mould 212 that connects material upwards connects material by master cylinder 216, pneumatic anti-channeling door 204 is closed, when master cylinder 216 arrives upper limit, insertion plate door 119 is opened blowing automatically, at this moment, electromagnetic vibrator 215 connects material, passage electromagnetic vibrator 116, pneumatic reason material pin air cylinder group 117 starts simultaneously, meeting horse back rollback when master cylinder 216 arrives upper limit, in the process of rollback, reach the effect of the vibration moulding on one side of blanking on one side, when master cylinder 216 is retracted into lower limit, close two vibrators and pneumatic reason material pin air cylinder group 117, open anti-channeling door 207, plate cylinder 118 ejects forward closes feed opening insertion plate door 119, makes no longer blanking of feed opening.
Pusher action will connect material, and in type tube cakes are pushed in the directed frame mould 301 of bounding system in the mould 212, when being pushed to desired location (inductor first sets up an office 208), folder tube pincers 317 on the directed frame mould 301 can clamp the tube cake, binding apparatus and olecranon knotter 319 are finished and are tied up for the first time, then folder tube pincers 317 unclamp under 318 actions of clamp cylinder, pusher continues to push to second desired location (inductor second sets up an office 209) to the tube cake, folder tube pincers 317 clamp the tube cake once more simultaneously, and scraping wings 203 returns initial point (inductor initial point 207).Master cylinder 216 rises once more and begins to connect material, meanwhile binding apparatus and olecranon knotter 319 are finished and are tied up for the second time, unclamp clamping clip 317, when next cake is pushed in the directed frame mould 301, the preceding tube cake of tying up for twice of having finished is ejected the directed frame mould 301 of disengaging and slides finished product chute 110.Automatically periodic duty according to this.
Binding apparatus joins the front end that is positioned frame 102 with channel-section steel, is provided with in opposite directions with directed frame mould 301.Olecranon knotter 319 places under directed frame mould 301 carriages.The pinion 308 of small machine 305 on small belt pulley 306, big belt pulley 307, large belt wheel, gear wheel 310 becomes 10 rev/mins of rotating speeds.Gear wheel 310 drives olecranon knotter 319 by Large Gear Shaft During 304 end cams 302 and finishes knotting, broken string action.Gear wheel 310 also drives by middle gear A312, middle gear C314, middle gear B313, hollow shaft 316 and presses rope mechanism 322, strainer 323 to finish the conveying of tie string 321 and tie up work simultaneously.
As a kind of preferred, described pressure rope mechanism 322 places on the saddle 324 of binding apparatus header board, is made up of stage clip 327, pinch roller 326, guide wheel A328, air-cored axis 316;
The fork 315 of described strainer 323 is assembled into one with the air-cored axis 316 on the binding apparatus header board, fork 315 is provided with guide wheel B332, regulating wheel 329, lead ring 330, guide pin bushing 331, distaff 303, and distaff 303 places the right side of folder tube pincers 317 fronts at fork 315 tail ends;
By pinch roller 326, guide wheel A328, air-cored axis 316, guide wheel B332, regulating wheel 329, lead ring 330, guide pin bushing 331 etc., tie string 321 is delivered to directed frame mould 301 fronts scratch a cake rotation.Tie string 321 fag ends are fixing by the wire clamp 325 of olecranon knotter 319.
Described gear wheel 310 is divided into full-depth tooth, half tooth two-stage structure, and half tooth position is provided with the location along 309.Its operating principle is: gear wheel 310 driving distaffs 303 rotations enter half tooth position after finishing and tying up, and this moment, gear wheel 310 no longer drove the distaff rotation, finished knotting work but drive the olecranon knotter by cam.
68 of gear wheel 310 full-depth tooths and middle gear A312 engagement when tying up, enforcement is tied up for the first time to the tube cake, then middle gear A312 enters 37 hypodontia positions of gear wheel 310, middle gear A, B, C stop the rotation, this moment, gear wheel 310 still rotated, and drove olecranon knotter 319 by cam 302 and finished knotting, broken string action.
As a kind of preferred, three sensors and metal sensing chip thereof that described control system distributes by two sensors on the master cylinder 216, the inductor in pneumatic reason material pin air cylinder group 117 places, sensor of described bounding system (optimum position is at a cam sensor of described Large Gear Shaft During 304 ends in this example), along tooth bar 210 constitute the signal collecting element group, single-chip microcomputer integration module in the control cabinet constitutes central treatment element group, and the executive component group of a plurality of motors and cylinder formation is controlled.
Actions such as described control system can be provided with automatically and the manual work state, and auto state is a normal operating conditions, presses start key after the start and can enter duty, and machine finishes blanking, moulding automatically, tie up need not manual intervention.Manual state is the debugging and maintenance state, can carry out Nannal bundling after the start, drives/close the blanking motor, manually controls blanking, and moulding such as ties up at action.
The above-mentioned embodiment that the present invention describes only is for technical scheme of the present invention clearly is described, and can not be interpreted as the present invention is made any restriction.Technical scheme of the present invention has known multiple alternative or distortion in the present technique field, under the prerequisite that does not break away from essential meaning of the present invention, all fall into protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a firecracker cylinder cake moulding knot installation is characterized in that, comprises vertical blanking system, the formation system that connects material, bounding system and control system:
Described vertical blanking system comprises by feed hopper and the feed hopper vibrating device of bearing block support at frame top, Y shape blanking channel and Y shape blanking channel vibrating device, connect the import of Y shape blanking channel under the feed hopper outlet, Y shape blanking channel is by fixed base plate, side plate and cover plate are formed, fixed base plate is fixed on the frame perpendicular to horizontal plane, two blocks of side plates are " Y " font and are arranged on the fixed base plate, cover plate is installed on the side plate, adjustable before and after the cover plate installation site, the outlet of Y shape blanking channel is provided with pneumatic insertion plate door, and the outlet top of described Y shape blanking channel is provided with pneumatic reason material pin;
The described formation system that connects material mainly comprises connect material shaping frame mould and pusher, the connect material size and the position of shaping frame mould top opening exports corresponding with Y shape blanking channel, the shaping frame that connects material is installed on the support that connects material by the electromagnetic vibrator that connects material, support below connection master cylinder connects material, the support both sides that connect material are installed on the guide rail by linear bearing, guide rail is installed on the described fixed base plate, and the described shaping frame mould that connects material is provided with pneumatic anti-channeling door; Pusher comprises and is arranged on described fixed base plate and the scraping wings between the shaping frame mould of connecting material, and the shape of scraping wings and position are corresponding with the shaping frame mould that connects material, and the scraping wings back side connects stepper motor by rack and pinion drive mechanism;
Described bounding system comprises directed frame mould, binding apparatus, knotting device, directed frame mould is installed on the described shaping frame mould the place ahead that connects material, its shape and position are corresponding with the described shaping frame mould that connects material, and binding apparatus is positioned at directed frame mould the place ahead, is provided with in opposite directions with directed frame mould;
Described control system is gathered signal feedback to single-chip microcomputer by inductor, and single-chip microcomputer is controlled the action of each motor and cylinder thereof according to pre-set programs, realizes the operation of complete machine coordinate synchronization.
2. a kind of firecracker cylinder cake moulding knot installation as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described feed hopper vibrating device is meant that feed hopper connects motor by connecting rod, eccentric wheel, big belt wheel, small pulley in regular turn.
3. a kind of firecracker cylinder cake moulding knot installation as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that described Y shape blanking channel vibrating device is made up of passage electromagnetic vibrator and oscillating plate, and oscillating plate is embedded in the interior fixed base plate of described Y shape blanking channel.
4. a kind of firecracker cylinder cake moulding knot installation as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described Y shape blanking channel is provided with current divider near the centre position of import.
5. a kind of firecracker cylinder cake moulding knot installation as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, the axis of described Y shape blanking channel is provided with at least one decompression rod.
6. a kind of firecracker cylinder cake moulding knot installation as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the described shaping frame mould that connects material is made up of two parts up and down, be connected with shell fragment with hinge between two parts, the described both side edges that connects material shaping frame mould top opening is provided with roller, described roller is provided with the installation site governor motion, and the side plate outside of described Y shape blanking channel is provided with the roller guide plate.
7. a kind of firecracker cylinder cake moulding knot installation as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, is provided with the pneumatic clamps clencher before the tube cake outlet of described directed frame mould, and its shape is corresponding with directed frame mould.
8. a kind of firecracker cylinder cake moulding knot installation as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described binding apparatus comprises presses rope mechanism, strainer: described pressure rope mechanism places on the saddle of binding apparatus header board, is made up of stage clip, pinch roller, guide wheel A, air-cored axis; Air-cored axis on the fork of described strainer and the binding apparatus header board is assembled into one, fork is provided with guide wheel B, regulating wheel, lead ring, guide pin bushing, distaff, distaff places the right side of folder tube pincers front at the fork tail end, the tie string fag end that described strainer is drawn is fixed by knotter, is scratched a cake and ties up by three identical middle gear, air-cored axis, forks driving distaffs of the number of teeth by gear wheel; Described gear wheel is divided into full-depth tooth, half tooth two-stage structure, and half tooth position is provided with the edge, location; The olecranon knotter of described knotting device below directed frame mould formed, and driven by Large Gear Shaft During, cam by gear wheel.
9. a kind of firecracker cylinder cake moulding knot installation as claimed in claim 8 is characterized in that, whole gear wheel 105 teeth, and half tooth position is 37 teeth, the position of this 37 tooth is provided with the edge, location; Pinion 15 teeth, middle gear 35 teeth are with scarce 1 tooth of the middle gear of gear wheel engagement.
10. a kind of firecracker cylinder cake moulding knot installation as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, three sensors and metal sensing chip thereof that described control system distributes by two sensors on the described master cylinder, the inductor in described pneumatic reason material pin place, sensor of described bounding system, along described scraping wings driving rack constitute the signal collecting element group, single-chip microcomputer integration module in the control cabinet constitutes central treatment element group, and the executive component group of a plurality of motors and cylinder formation is controlled.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 201110032583 CN102162711B (en) | 2011-01-29 | 2011-01-29 | A molding binding device of firecrackers tube cake |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 201110032583 CN102162711B (en) | 2011-01-29 | 2011-01-29 | A molding binding device of firecrackers tube cake |
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| CN102162711A true CN102162711A (en) | 2011-08-24 |
| CN102162711B CN102162711B (en) | 2013-07-31 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN 201110032583 Expired - Fee Related CN102162711B (en) | 2011-01-29 | 2011-01-29 | A molding binding device of firecrackers tube cake |
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| CN103033096A (en) * | 2013-01-04 | 2013-04-10 | 黄永秋 | Forming system of sparkler tube washing machine |
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| CN103968716A (en) * | 2014-05-26 | 2014-08-06 | 浏阳市荷花周德水机械模具经营部 | Vertical firework tube shaper |
| CN107478099A (en) * | 2017-05-31 | 2017-12-15 | 林德胜 | Tube generating fluate sound shaping bundler |
| CN107478100A (en) * | 2017-05-31 | 2017-12-15 | 林德胜 | Sibilant rale pipe bundler |
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| CN107478099A (en) * | 2017-05-31 | 2017-12-15 | 林德胜 | Tube generating fluate sound shaping bundler |
| CN107478100A (en) * | 2017-05-31 | 2017-12-15 | 林德胜 | Sibilant rale pipe bundler |
| CN107478099B (en) * | 2017-05-31 | 2018-11-23 | 林德胜 | Tube generating fluate sound shaping bundler |
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| CN102162711B (en) | 2013-07-31 |
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