CN102158106B - Parallel structure of voltage source type PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) rectifier and control method of the rectifier - Google Patents

Parallel structure of voltage source type PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) rectifier and control method of the rectifier Download PDF

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CN102158106B
CN102158106B CN 201110075024 CN201110075024A CN102158106B CN 102158106 B CN102158106 B CN 102158106B CN 201110075024 CN201110075024 CN 201110075024 CN 201110075024 A CN201110075024 A CN 201110075024A CN 102158106 B CN102158106 B CN 102158106B
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颜湘武
曲伟
董清
谷建成
张波
冯文宏
王树岐
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Baoding Active Power Technology Co.,Ltd.
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North China Electric Power University
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Abstract

The invention discloses a parallel structure of a voltage source type PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) rectifier and a control method of the rectifier, belonging to the technical field of power electrical application. A topology circuit structure of the voltage source type PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) rectifier includes a parallel structure of a single-phase voltage source type PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) rectifier and a parallel structure of a three-phase voltage source type PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) rectifier. The control method is a vector control technology based on power system voltage orientation, which comprises the following steps of: by use of voltage outer ring and current inner ring control way, separating out an outer ring voltage regulator of a control circuit of the parallelvoltage source type PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) rectifier to form a common uniform voltage regulator, outputting a unique outer ring control voltage, simplifying a control policy into single closed ring current control to solve consistency problem of energy flow direction of the parallel voltage source type PWM(Pulse Width Modulation) rectifier so as to avoid generation of ring current and to provide technical supports for high power, modularization and large-scale application of the multi-module parallel connection of the voltage source type PWM (Pulse Width Modulation)rectifier.

Description

The parallel-connection structure of voltage-source type PWM rectifier and rectifier control method thereof
Technical field
The invention belongs to the power electronics applied technical field, particularly a kind of parallel-connection structure of voltage-source type PWM rectifier and rectifier control method thereof.Be that renewable energy power generation is incorporated into the power networks about distributed power source specifically, discharge and recharge and novel electric power electric rectifier high-power, modular parallel technology and the method for system such as energy storage.
Background technology
Ac-dc conversion shared ratio in whole power electronic equipment is very big, and most direct currents (DC) power supply all needs to carry out rectification and obtain by exchanging (AC) power supply.Traditional rectifying device is half-wave, all-wave or the bridge rectifier that adopts diode to form; Or adopt the phase control rectifier of thyristor, but these rectifying devices exist power factor low, exchange shortcomings such as the side waveform distortion is serious.Begin PWM (pulse width modulation) technology is introduced in the rectifier control since the later stage eighties 20th century, this High Power Factor PWM rectifier technology has become the focus of domestic and international research.Voltage-source type PWM commutation technique is a kind of novel electric power electric commutation technique, compares with traditional commutation technique, and the rectifier current on line side approaches sinusoidal wave, and harmonic content is little; Net side power factor is controlled, for example unity power factor control, and the reactive power that perhaps participates in points of common connection (PCC) is as required regulated, and absorbs or sends reactive power; Tangible technical advantage is arranged:
1) energy of voltage-source type PWM rectifier can two-way changing, realizes the two-way flow of energy automatically, and does not need to change the topological mode of connection of circuit on the direct voltage basis of constant guaranteeing.
2) Fast Dynamic transmission response ability.
Along with the in-depth of voltage-source type PWM rectifier level of application, it is imperative that high-power, scale engineering is used.Yet voltage-source type PWM rectifier adopts the method for modular system expansion capacity in parallel to run into problem.Because general two closed-loop control strategies, the outer shroud control rectifier DC output voltage U of adopting of voltage-source type PWM rectifier Dc, interior ring control rectifier net top-cross stream electric current; And satisfying constant control direct voltage U DcTarget under, the conversion of energy automatic bidirectional is that is: when dc voltage is higher than set-point, in the time of controller action, energy flows to rectifier net side from DC side automatically, when dc voltage is lower than set-point, in the time of controller action, energy automatically from rectifier net effluent to DC side.Because the given parameter of each rectifier and the dispersiveness of regulating parameter, may cause the tiny difference of given parameter, and the adjusting parameter is inconsistent, when two or more voltage-source type PWM rectifiers are in parallel, at synchronization, the partial rectification device may occur and be operated in rectification state, the partial rectification device is operated in the active inversion state.Because the internal resistance of each voltage-source type PWM rectifier is all minimum, the situation of this partial rectification, part active inversion may form big circulation between voltage-source type PWM rectifier in parallel, light then influence the operate as normal of rectifier, influence the stability of whole system, reduce the performance of system; Heavy then harm, even damage voltage-source type PWM rectifier systems in parallel.Therefore, generally do not allow voltage-source type PWM rectifier parallel operation.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to propose a kind of parallel-connection structure and rectifier control method thereof of voltage-source type PWM rectifier.To satisfy the technical need of voltage-source type PWM rectifier high-power, unitization, modular applications.
The parallel-connection structure of described voltage-source type PWM rectifier, it is characterized in that, the topological circuit structure of described voltage-source type PWM rectifier be divided into single-phase electricity potential source type PWM rectifier parallel-connection structure, three-phase voltage source type PWM rectifier parallel-connection structure and be the parallel-connection structure of the multimode three-phase voltage source type PWM rectifier of module with the parallel-connection structure of three-phase voltage source type PWM rectifier;
The parallel-connection structure of described single-phase electricity potential source type PWM rectifier refers to that main circuit constitutes upper arm and underarm by the power switch pipe that employing has the inverse parallel diode, and upper and lower arm series connection constitutes a brachium pontis; Two brachium pontis compose in parallel single-phase full bridge, and DC side parallel filtering capacitor C constitutes typical single-phase electricity potential source type PWM rectifier.A plurality of single-phase electricity potential source type PWM rectifier circuits compose in parallel the parallel-connection structure of single-phase electricity potential source type PWM rectifier, be characterized in: same AC power is taken from the interchange of each bridge rectifier, dc terminal formation in parallel dc bus is shared DC load RL jointly.
The parallel-connection structure of described three-phase voltage source type PWM rectifier refers to the circuit that main circuit is composed in parallel by three single-phase electricity potential source type PWM rectifier circuits, each adopts the power switch pipe with inverse parallel diode to constitute upper arm and underarm mutually, and upper and lower arm series connection constitutes a brachium pontis; Three brachium pontis compose in parallel three-phase bridge circuit, and the three-phase alternating-current supply live wire inserts the last underarm junction of each phase brachium pontis through the three-phase linear inductance L, and DC side parallel filtering capacitor C constitutes typical three-phase voltage source type PWM rectifier circuit; Wherein, same AC power is taken from the interchange of each bridge rectifier, and dc terminal formation in parallel dc bus is shared DC load RL jointly; The AC power live wire inserts the last underarm junction of a phase brachium pontis through linear inductance L, and zero line directly connects the last underarm junction of another phase brachium pontis.
The parallel-connection structure of described multimode three-phase voltage source type PWM rectifier is that the parallel-connection structure of three-phase voltage source type PWM rectifier is a module, 1-N in parallel, wherein, same AC power is taken from the interchange of each bridge rectifier, dc terminal formation in parallel dc bus is shared DC load RL jointly.
The control method of described a plurality of voltage-source type PWM rectifier parallel running, it is characterized in that, the outer shroud voltage regulator of the voltage-source type PWM rectifier that each is in parallel is independent, forms a public unified voltage regulator, makes the control of each parallel rectifier be reduced to single closed loop current control.Like this, on the one hand, the dispersiveness that has overcome the given parameter of parallel rectifier and regulated parameter, avoided that the part rectifier is operated in rectification state in the parallel running process, the partial rectification device is operated in the active inversion state, has got rid of the factor that forms circulation between voltage-source type PWM rectifier in parallel; On the other hand, the control strategy of each parallel rectifier is reduced to the closed-loop control of net top-cross stream electric current list, be converted into the sharing control between parallel rectifier in fact, thereby, the invention solves the voltage-source type PWM rectifier in parallel consistency problem that each voltage-source type PWM rectifier energy flows to when parallel running, avoided the generation of circulation; Simultaneously, also solved the current-sharing difficult problem of voltage-source type PWM rectifier parallel connection, be the parallel connection of voltage-source type PWM rectifier multimode, realized that high-power, unitization, scale application provide technical guarantee.
This technical scheme has the innovation on following technology and the method:
1) method of proposition voltage-source type PWM rectifier multimode parallel connection has solved the technical barrier that voltage-source type PWM rectifier high-power, unitization, scale are used.
2) the outer shroud voltage regulator of the voltage-source type PWM rectifier that each is in parallel is independent, forms a public unified voltage regulator, has solved the consistency problem that each voltage-source type PWM rectifier energy flows to when parallel running, has avoided the generation of circulation.
3) control voltage as the given component of each shunt voltage source type PWM rectifier active current with the output of unifying voltage regulator, power factor or net side reactive power are scaled the given component of reactive current, each shunt voltage source type PWM rectifier adopts closed loop current control to realize current sharing control, the equal flow problem when having solved each voltage-source type PWM rectifier parallel running.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is typical electrical potential source type PWM rectifier main circuit topological structure schematic diagram, and wherein, a is the structural representation of single-phase electricity potential source type PWM rectifier, and b is the structural representation of three-phase voltage source type PWM rectifier.
Fig. 2 is the control block diagram of three-phase voltage source type PWM rectifier.
Fig. 3 is the embodiment block diagram of three-phase voltage source type PWM rectifier multimode parallel connection.
Embodiment
The logical relation of its control as shown in Figure 3.Be described in detail as follows: the electric topological structure of main circuit is divided into the parallel connection of single-phase electricity potential source type PWM rectifier, the parallel connection of three-phase voltage source type PWM rectifier, and the parallel-connection structure of multimode three-phase voltage source type PWM rectifier, typical voltage-source type PWM rectifier topological circuit such as Fig. 1 (a), (b) shown in.Main circuit adopts the power switch pipe with inverse parallel diode to constitute and goes up (or down) arm, and upper and lower arm series connection constitutes a brachium pontis; Two brachium pontis compose in parallel single-phase bridge circuit such as Fig. 1 (a), and three brachium pontis compose in parallel three-phase bridge circuit such as Fig. 1 (b).
The parallel-connection structure of described single-phase electricity potential source type PWM rectifier refers to that main circuit constitutes upper arm and underarm by the power switch pipe that employing has the inverse parallel diode, and upper and lower arm series connection constitutes a brachium pontis; Two brachium pontis compose in parallel single-phase full bridge, and DC side parallel filtering capacitor C constitutes typical single-phase electricity potential source type PWM rectifier.A plurality of single-phase electricity potential source type PWM rectifier circuits compose in parallel the parallel-connection structure of single-phase electricity potential source type PWM rectifier, be characterized in: same AC power is taken from the interchange of each bridge rectifier, dc terminal formation in parallel dc bus is shared DC load R jointly L, shown in Fig. 1 (a).
The parallel-connection structure of described three-phase voltage source type PWM rectifier refers to the circuit that main circuit is composed in parallel by three single-phase electricity potential source type PWM rectifier circuits, each adopts the power switch pipe with inverse parallel diode to constitute upper arm and underarm mutually, and upper and lower arm series connection constitutes a brachium pontis; Three brachium pontis compose in parallel three-phase bridge circuit, and the three-phase alternating-current supply live wire inserts the last underarm junction of each phase brachium pontis through the three-phase linear inductance L, and DC side parallel filtering capacitor C constitutes typical three-phase voltage source type PWM rectifier circuit; Wherein, same AC power is taken from the interchange of each bridge rectifier, and dc terminal formation in parallel dc bus is shared DC load RL jointly; The AC power live wire inserts the last underarm junction of a phase brachium pontis through linear inductance L, and the last underarm that zero line directly connects another phase brachium pontis connects, and locates shown in Fig. 1 (b).
Figure 2 shows that the control block diagram of three-phase voltage source type PWM rectifier.Control method is based on the vector control technology of line voltage orientation, adopts two closed-loop controls, and outer shroud is voltage control loop, and interior ring is the current on line side control ring, a. outer shroud with the VD signal as the voltage feedback quantity, through R 1, R 2Resistor network 1 dividing potential drop, DC bus-bar voltage sampling 2 obtain voltage feedback quantity U Dc, with given voltage U Dc *Be constant target, U DcAnd U Dc *Handle through the 3rd adder 16, carry out ratio-integral operation output control current i by voltage regulator 3 d *B. ring is divided into d shaft current adjuster 4 and q shaft current adjuster 5 in, its process be earlier with the instantaneous alternating current of three-phase through mathematic(al) manipulation, decoupling zero obtains and the equidirectional direct-current component i of voltage resultant vector d, the direct-current component i vertical with the voltage resultant vector qBecause i dEquidirectional with the voltage resultant vector, so i dBe called the active component of current, control i dCan regulate the active power of rectifier, i.e. DC bus-bar voltage among the figure, in like manner i qBe called the reactive component of current, control i qCan regulate the reactive power of rectifier; The logical relation of its control as shown in Figure 2.Be the example explanation with the three-phase, in the three-phase voltage source type PWM rectifier main circuit topological structure shown in Fig. 1 (b), establishing the three phase network electromotive force is e a, e b, e c, inserting the last underarm junction of each phase brachium pontis through the three-phase linear inductance L, the three-phase current on line side is respectively i a, i b, i c, DC side parallel filtering capacitor C and DC load resistance R LIts control section is to be e in three-phase linear inductance L and three phase network electromotive force a, e b, e cThe three-phase of junction in any one go up mutually, with e aBe example, namely at e aSeries connection phase-locked loop 8 and sinusoidal, cosine signal generator 9 on the phase line, sinusoidal, cosine signal generator 9 is exported sine, cosine signal to dq/ α β conversion 11, and dq/ α β conversion 11 is connected with the PWM rectifier through the 2nd abc/ α β conversion 12, the SVPWM signal generator 13 of series connection again; Each the phase node 6 that is connected with the PWM rectifier in the three-phase linear inductance L connects an abc/ α β conversion 7, the one abc/ α β conversion 7 respectively and connects α β/dq conversion 10 again, the α β/output of dq conversion 10 two-way, wherein i qSignal is through the u of first adder 14, q shaft current adjuster 5 and dq/ α β conversion 11 q *Input connects, i dSignal is through the u of second adder 15, d shaft current adjuster 4 and dq/ α β conversion 11 d *Input connects; In filtering capacitor C and DC load resistance R LBetween R in parallel 1, R 2Resistor network 1 is connected with second adder 15 through DC bus-bar voltage sampling the 2, the 3rd adder 16, voltage regulator 3.
The concrete operation process now is described in detail as follows:
1) the alternating current i that at first extracts from each phase node 6 a, i b, i cBe the current feedback amount, the three phase static coordinate system by abc/ α β conversion 7 is to the conversion of two-phase rest frame, with the three-phase current i of 120 ° of phase place mutual deviations a, i b, i cBe transformed to the biphase current i of 90 ° of phase place mutual deviations α, i β
2) choose electrical network three-phase synthesized voltage vector simultaneously as the directed benchmark of d axial vector, by phase-locked loop circuit 8 real-time detection of grid A emf phase e aPhase place, through angular position theta sinusoidal, that cosine signal generator 9 is determined voltage oriented vectors, try to achieve sine, the cosine function of θ;
3. by α β/dq conversion 10 α β two-phase rest frame is converted into dq rotation synchronously again and ends coordinate system, with sinusoidal component i under the rest frame α, i βFinally be transformed to DC component i under the synchronous rotating frame d, 1 q
Outer shroud with the VD signal as the voltage feedback quantity, through R 1, R 2Resistor network 1 dividing potential drop, DC bus-bar voltage sampling 2 obtain voltage feedback quantity U Dc, with given voltage U Dc *Be constant target, U DcAnd U Dc *Handle through the 3rd adder 16, carry out ratio-integral operation output control current i by voltage regulator 3 d *i d *As the given parameter of d shaft current adjuster 4, the DC component i that the alternating current decoupling zero obtains dAs the feedback of d shaft current adjuster 4, i d *And i dControl voltage u through second adder 15 by d shaft current adjuster 4 ratios-integral operation output together d *
5. the reactive current component i that converts with reactive power or power factor q *As the given parameter of q shaft current adjuster 5, the DC component i that the alternating current decoupling zero obtains qAs the feedback of q shaft current adjuster 5, i q *And i qControl voltage u through first adder 14 by q shaft current adjuster 5 ratios-integral operation output together q *
6.d, the control voltage u of q shaft current adjuster output d *, u q *, through dq/ α β conversion 11 conversion, it is α β two-phase rest frame that dq rotation is synchronously ended coordinate system transformation, with DC component u under the synchronous rotating frame d *, u q *Be transformed to sinusoidal component u under the rest frame α *, u β *
7. sinusoidal component u under the rest frame α *, u β *Further carry out α β to abc conversion through abc/ α β conversion 12, the two-phase rest frame is transformed to the three phase static coordinate system, the PWM rectifier net side three-phase voltage that obtains expecting
Figure BDA0000052319160000072
Figure BDA0000052319160000073
After 13 pulse-width modulations of SVPWM signal generator, the control signal of output PWM rectifier bridge arm power tube.
Because after the decoupling zero, the active power of PWM rectifier is directly proportional with d shaft current component, reactive power is directly proportional with q shaft current component, and its rule satisfies relational expression (1), wherein U GBe electrical network phase voltage effective value.
P = 3 2 U G i d Q = 3 2 U G i q - - - ( 1 )
Therefore, control d shaft current component can be regulated DC bus-bar voltage, and control q shaft current component can be regulated reactive power or power factor, realizes the direct voltage of PWM rectifier and the independent control of net side reactive power, and makes system have good static state and dynamic property.
Fig. 3 is the embodiment block diagram of multivoltage source type PWM rectifier parallel connection.The parallel-connection structure of described multimode three-phase voltage source type PWM rectifier is that the parallel-connection structure of three-phase voltage source type PWM rectifier is a module, by module I in parallel, module ii in parallel ..., module N in parallel, N three-phase voltage source type PWM rectifier parallel connection (in Fig. 3, shown in the sub-frame in upper, middle and lower " module in parallel ") altogether; Wherein N is the positive integer of 2-20.Each PWM rectifier exchanges side and connects from same AC power, as the sub-frame in left side " power supply input " of Fig. 3; Each PWM rectifier DC output-parallel is shared DC load R jointly to dc bus LPower, the key technology of its parallel running is:
1) the outer shroud voltage regulator of the voltage-source type PWM rectifier that each is in parallel is independent, forms a public unified voltage regulator (as the long rectangle frame in Fig. 3 the right), specifically be outer shroud with the VD signal as the voltage feedback quantity, through R 1, R 2Resistor network 1 dividing potential drop, DC bus-bar voltage sampling 2 obtain voltage feedback quantity U Dc, with given voltage U Dc *Be constant target, U DcAnd U Dc *Handle through the 3rd adder 16, carry out ratio-integral operation output control current i by voltage regulator 3 d *Given signal as each shunt voltage source type PWM rectifier closed loop current control d shaft current adjuster;
2) control of the closed loop current of module I in parallel is divided into d shaft current adjuster 4 and q shaft current adjuster 5, to unify the output control current i of voltage regulator d *Given voltage U as d shaft current adjuster 4 Dc *Signal, the DC component i that the alternating current decoupling zero obtains dAs the feedback of d shaft current adjuster 4, with given voltage U Dc *For the constant target is exported control voltage u by adder 16, voltage regulator 3 together after d shaft current adjuster 4 ratios-integral operation d *Reactive current component i with reactive power or power factor conversion q *As the given signal of q shaft current adjuster 5, the DC component i that the alternating current decoupling zero obtains qAs the feedback of q shaft current adjuster 5, output control voltage u after q shaft current adjuster 5 ratios-integral operation q *, the Current Vector Control process of module 1 in parallel is concrete identical with the interior circular current vector control of above-mentioned Fig. 2 three-phase voltage source type PWM rectifier.Module ii in parallel is identical with module I in parallel to the operation principle of module N in parallel,
Like this, on the one hand, the dispersiveness that has overcome the shunt voltage source given parameter of type PWM rectifier and regulated parameter, avoided that the part rectifier is operated in rectification state in the parallel running process, the partial rectification device is operated in the active inversion state, has got rid of the factor that forms circulation between voltage-source type PWM rectifier in parallel; On the other hand, the control strategy of the voltage-source type PWM rectifier that each is in parallel is reduced to the control of net top-cross stream current closed-loop, realized the sharing control between parallel rectifier in fact, thereby, the invention solves the consistency problem that each voltage-source type PWM rectifier energy flows to when parallel running, avoided the generation of circulation; Simultaneously, also solved the current-sharing difficult problem of voltage-source type PWM rectifier parallel connection, be the parallel connection of voltage-source type PWM rectifier multimode, realized that high-power, unitization, scale application provide technical guarantee.

Claims (1)

1. the control method of the parallel-connection structure of a voltage-source type PWM rectifier, the topological circuit structure of described voltage-source type PWM rectifier be divided into single-phase electricity potential source type PWM rectifier parallel-connection structure, three-phase voltage source type PWM rectifier parallel-connection structure and be the parallel-connection structure of the multimode three-phase voltage source type PWM rectifier of module with the parallel-connection structure of three-phase voltage source type PWM rectifier;
The parallel-connection structure of described single-phase electricity potential source type PWM rectifier refers to that main circuit constitutes upper arm and underarm by the power switch pipe that employing has the inverse parallel diode, and upper and lower arm series connection constitutes a brachium pontis; Two brachium pontis compose in parallel single-phase full bridge, and DC side parallel filtering capacitor C constitutes typical single-phase electricity potential source type PWM rectifier; Composed in parallel the parallel-connection structure of single-phase electricity potential source type PWM rectifier again by a plurality of single-phase electricity potential source type PWM rectifiers, same AC power is taken from the interchange of each bridge rectifier, and dc terminal formation in parallel dc bus is shared DC load R jointly L
The parallel-connection structure of described three-phase voltage source type PWM rectifier refers to the circuit that main circuit is composed in parallel by three single-phase electricity potential source type PWM rectifiers, each adopts the power switch pipe with inverse parallel diode to constitute upper arm and underarm mutually, and upper and lower arm series connection constitutes a brachium pontis; Three brachium pontis compose in parallel three-phase bridge circuit, and the three-phase alternating-current supply live wire inserts the last underarm junction of each phase brachium pontis through the three-phase linear inductance L, and DC side parallel filtering capacitor C constitutes typical three-phase voltage source type PWM rectifier; Dc terminal formation in parallel dc bus is shared DC load R jointly L
The parallel-connection structure of described multimode three-phase voltage source type PWM rectifier is that the parallel-connection structure with three-phase voltage source type PWM rectifier is a module, and 1-N in parallel, and wherein, N is the positive integer of 2-20; Dc terminal formation in parallel dc bus is shared DC load R jointly L
It is characterized in that this control method is independent with the voltage regulator of outer shroud, form a public unified voltage regulator; Based on the vector control technology of line voltage orientation, adopt two closed-loop controls, outer shroud is voltage control loop, interior ring is the current on line side control ring, a. outer shroud with the VD signal as the voltage feedback quantity, through R 1, R 2Resistor network (1) dividing potential drop, DC bus-bar voltage sampling (2) obtain voltage feedback quantity Udc, with given voltage U Dc *Be constant target, U DcAnd U Dc *Handle through the 3rd adder (16), carry out ratio-integral operation output control current i by voltage regulator (3) d *B. ring is divided into d shaft current adjuster (4) and q shaft current adjuster (5) in, process be first with the instantaneous alternating current of three-phase through mathematic(al) manipulation, decoupling zero obtains and the equidirectional direct-current component i of voltage resultant vector d, the direct-current component i vertical with the voltage resultant vector qBecause i dEquidirectional with the voltage resultant vector, so i dBe called the active component of current, control i dCan regulate the active power of rectifier, i.e. DC bus-bar voltage, in like manner i qBe called the reactive component of current, control i qCan regulate the reactive power of rectifier.
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