CN102157016A - IDL based method for three-dimensionally visualizing medical images - Google Patents
IDL based method for three-dimensionally visualizing medical images Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to an IDL based method for three-dimensionally visualizing medical images. The method comprises the following steps of: converting DICOM data into three-dimensional visualized medical images through volume rendering algorithm, converting the medical images into a virtual reality data model through VRML interactive description, and controlling the displayed graphics state through a human-computer interface on a GUI (Graphical User Interface) and a control interface so as to form visualized virtual images, wherein the volume rendering algorithm comprises the following steps of: defining an object in an object graphics system; calling the object through an object-creating OBJ_NEW function; respectively calling a pattern object, a viewing object, viewing group objects and a scene object by utilizing ADD calling format; drawing the scene object in a window object by utilizing a window object DRAW method; and completely deleting the objects by utilizing the OBJ_DESTROY function after display is accomplished. The method has the advantages of meeting the basic requirements of visualization of the medical images, and being capable of carrying out corresponding operations, such as volume rendering, slicing, and the like.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the visualization in scientific computing technology, relate in particular to medical image three-dimensional visualization method based on the IDL language.
Background technology
Visualization in scientific computing is meant utilization computer graphics and image processing techniques, converts the data in the scientific computing process and result of calculation to graph image and shows on screen, and carry out theory, method and the technology of interaction process.In recent years, be accompanied by being extensive use of of modernized medical instrument equipment such as MRI, CT, B ultrasonic, various medical digital images are being brought into play the effect that becomes more and more important in clinical diagnosis and medical research, " medical image is visual " this emerging research field immediately has been born.The medical image visualization technique is meant utilization artificial intelligence, pattern-recognition, computer graphics and image processing techniques, from experiment, obtain, scanner records, rebuild in the medical data that computation model synthesizes and generate the 3-D view model, and carry out qualitative and quantitative analysis, the doctor can carry out convergent-divergent to it by man-machine interaction, rotation, displacement, dissect, operation such as cut apart, make people more clearly be familiar with the labyrinth that contains in volume data, auxiliary doctor carries out multi-angle to anatomical structure and relevant range, multi-level qualitative analysis and quantitative measurment, the speed and the efficient of raising medical diagnosis.
At present, abroad some research institutions and commercial company have developed some medical image visual analyzing systems towards clinical practice successively, and they much depend on the hardware supported that image documentation equipment manufacturer provides, and cost an arm and a leg.Developed country mostly implements hardware, the processing of software double-encryption to the large-scale medical image equipment of China's import, and because the incomplete numerous factors such as unification, incompatible, the local PACS system reform of image documentation equipment IO interface expense costliness of various device dicom standard, present China medical image three-dimensional visualization can't break away from the workstation and the attached software platform thereof of import image documentation equipment mostly.
Along with China's Medical Devices are brought in constant renewal in and the medical level sustainable development, China also has the part Study personnel actively developing the R﹠D work of medical image visual software system.For example the 3D Med system of the Artificial Intelligence Laboratory of Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of sociences exploitation is under the Windows environment, adopts Object Oriented method and soft project standard, uses
Programming with Pascal Language realizes.In addition, Zhejiang University has researched and developed the 4DView of real-time visual system of medical images such as being used for MRI, CT by in conjunction with VTK and Volume Pro system.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is, utilize IDL 6.4 based on the programming technique of object graphics system and iso-surface patch, object plotting method with the medical image of medical science DICOM data conversion for three-dimensional visualization, and the virtual reality that can realize this medical image is visual, makes the doctor carry out convergent-divergent, rotation, displacement, operation such as to dissect, cut apart medical image by man-machine interaction.Above-mentioned purpose is implemented by the following technical programs:
The DICOM data of the two-dimensional medical images obtained are carried out three-dimensional reconstruction by volume rendering algorithm, generate corresponding 3 D medical visual image, and by the interactive data model that described 3 D medical visual image is converted to virtual reality of describing of VRML, described data model is by man-machine interface and control interface on the graphic user interface GUI, the Graphic State that shows is controlled, generate the corresponding visual virtual image of 3 D medical, wherein:
Described volume rendering algorithm comprises the steps:
1) the various objects in the definition object graphics system, described object comprises window object IDLgrWindow, scenario objects IDLgrScene, sets of views object ID LgrViewgroup, view object IDLgrView, schema object IDLgrMode and element figure object Atomic Graphic Object;
2) use OBJ_NEW function and the following call format of creating object
Various objects in the above-mentioned object graphics system are carried out the establishment of following steps:
A) create window object by window class IDLgrWindow,
B) create scenario objects by scene class IDLgrScene,
C) create the sets of views object by view category IDLgrViewgroup,
D) create view object by view IDLgrView,
E) by mode class IDLgrModel creation mode object,
F) create the element figure object by the parent map metaclass,
3) utilize the ADD call format, schema object, view object, sets of views object and scenario objects carried out following calling respectively:
G) the element figure object is added in the schema object,
H) schema object is added in the view object,
I) view object is added in the sets of views object,
J) the sets of views object is added in the scenario objects,
4) utilize the DRAW method of window object, draw scenario objects in window object, its call format is
5) after demonstration finishes, utilize the OBJ_DESTROY function to delete all objects, its call format is
The interactive description of described VRML comprises the description of TimeSensor node, OrientalInterpolator node and TouchSensor node:
Described TimeSensor node will be created a clock that drives animation effect in the Virtual Space,
Key point and key value that described OrientalInterpolator node specifies some space rotation parameters to form,
Described TouchSensor node is used for detecting the cursor action of viewer in the VRML browse window, and exports some parameters and trigger and control animation effect.
Said method further design is that described element figure object comprises: coordinate axis class IDLgrAxis, buffer zone class IDLgrBuffer, colour band class IDLgrColorbar, outline line class IDLgrContour, font class IDLgrFont, images category IDLgrImage, legend class IDLgrLegend, light class IDLgrLight, palette class IDLgrPalette, fill pattern class IDLgrPattern, line class IDLgrPlot, area-of-interest class IDLgrROI, area-of-interest category IDLgrROIGroup, curved surface class IDLgrSurface, text class IDLgrText, volume class IDLgrVolume and VRML (Virtual Reality Modeling Language) class IDLgrVRML.
Said method further design is, described graphic user interface GUI comprises that model picks up, model editing, scene walkthrough, parameter setting and other setting.
Said method further design is, described graphic user interface GUI only comprises a top basic container and other assemblies, comprise a basic container in other assemblies, basic container is the next stage assembly of top basic container, basic container comprises the next stage assembly, remaining component all is basic modules, can not comprise the next stage assembly.
Said method further designs and is, the next stage assembly of described top basic container also comprises menu system and toolbar, and the next stage assembly of basic container comprises trigger button, radio button, text editing, check button, text label, slider bar, list box, drawing district, following list box, form component, tree construction assembly and page assembly.
The inventive method can be finished the visual basic demand of general medical image, functions such as volume drawing, sectioning and the various rotation of realization medical image, convergent-divergent, subdivision, and respond well, can satisfy the requirement of real-time processing.In addition, this system also has following characteristics: 1) extensive applicability can be applied to the processing and the analysis of various medical image types (as gray level image, RGB image, DICOM image etc.) and various medical image form (bmp, jpeg, tiff etc.); 2) You Hao user interface and man-machine interaction, operating personnel can be used for the operation of mutual control program by making of parameter setting, slider bar and button; 3) extensibility easily, modular Programming Methodology is convenient to further expand from now on the function of whole software platform; 4) good portability, the IDL program can run on operating systems such as Windows, Unix and Macintosh, also can program compilation be generated independently executable file (EXE), trouble-free operation on the computing machine of IDL language is not installed at other by project manager; 5) visual efficiently, be attached in the system virtual reality is visual, can replace traditional two-dimensional medical images with the dynamic 3 D stereo-picture easily, and can check, rotate and split three dimensional object arbitrarily as actual object, can be widely used in each medical domain.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the process flow diagram of medical image three-dimensional visualization method of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the composition structural drawing of the various objects in the object graphics system.
Fig. 3 is the classification synoptic diagram of medical image three-dimensional reconstruction technique.
Fig. 4 is the composition structural representation of GUI design.
Fig. 5 is the guiding interface of application program.
Fig. 6 is the password check interface of application program.
Fig. 7 is a User Interface.
Fig. 8 is the menu setting on the application program user interface.
Fig. 9 is the medical image that gymnastics is done.
Figure 10 is the medical image of sectioning.
Figure 11 is the medical image of gymnastics work and sectioning.
Figure 12 is the visualization result behind the MRA image reconstruction of normal heart.
Figure 13 is the visualization result behind the CTA image reconstruction of normal heart.
Figure 14 is the virtual visualization result behind the MRA image reconstruction of normal heart.
Figure 15 is the virtual visualization result behind the CTA image reconstruction of normal heart.
Embodiment
The key step that realizes the inventive method sees also Fig. 1, at first is that the DICOM data of the two-dimensional medical images that will obtain are carried out three-dimensional reconstruction by volume render operation (algorithm), generates the 3 d medical images of correspondence.Described volume rendering algorithm is to adopt IDL 6.4 object-oriented programmings, and it is that design in advance and the packaged class of utilizing IDL 6.4 language systems to provide are created the various objects of satisfying the demand, and realizes control corresponding.So need pre-defined object class at the beginning of the volume render operation, promptly define the various objects in the graphics system.Every class is encapsulated in the specific visable representation, defined object class comprises: window object IDLgrWindow, scenario objects IDLgrScene, sets of views object ID LgrViewgroup, view object IDLgrView, schema object IDLgrMode and element figure object Atomic Graphic Object, these objects structural relation such as Fig. 2 in the object graphics system.Wherein: scenario objects IDLgrScene is contained among the window object IDLgrWindow; Sets of views object ID LgrViewgroup is contained among the scenario objects IDLgrScene; View object IDLgrView is contained among the sets of views object ID LgrViewgroup and (has omitted one in the description originally); Schema object IDLgrMode is contained among the view object IDLgrView; Element figure object Atomic Graphic Object is contained among the schema object IDLgrMode.
Adopt corresponding OBJ_NEW function and the following call format of creating object during to above-mentioned Object Creation
Concrete foundation step is as follows:
A) create window object by window class IDLgrWindow, attribute keywords wherein is: picture quality QUALITY; Property value 0 expression inferior quality, 1 expression fair average quality, 2 expression high-quality.
B) create scenario objects by scene class IDLgrScene, attribute keywords wherein is: image concealing HIDE; Property value 0 expression display image, 1 expression hidden image.
C) create the sets of views object by view category IDLgrViewgroup, attribute keywords wherein is: image concealing HIDE; Property value 0 expression display image, 1 expression hidden image.(different classes can have identical attribute keywords, so the attribute keywords of B and C all is HIDE)
D) create view object by view IDLgrView, attribute keywords wherein is: projection P ROJECTION; Property value 1 expression rectangular projection, property value 2 expression perspective projections.
E) by mode class IDLgrModel creation mode object, attribute keywords wherein is: illumination LIGHTING; The unglazed photograph of property value 0 expression, the monolateral illumination of 1 expression, the bilateral illumination of 2 expressions.
F) create the element figure object by the parent map metaclass, the parent map metaclass here comprises coordinate axis class IDLgrAxis, buffer zone class IDLgrBuffer, colour band class IDLgrColorbar, outline line class IDLgrContour, font class IDLgrFont, images category IDLgrImage, legend class IDLgrLegend, light class IDLgrLight, palette class IDLgrPalette, fill pattern class IDLgrPattern, line class IDLgrPlot, area-of-interest class IDLgrROI, area-of-interest category IDLgrROIGroup, curved surface class IDLgrSurface, text class IDLgrText, volume class IDLgrVolume and VRML (Virtual Reality Modeling Language) class IDLgrVRML.Above-mentioned parent map metaclass all has separately attribute keywords and property value as follows:
The attribute keywords of coordinate axis class IDLgrAxis is: image concealing HIDE; Property value 0 expression display image, 1 expression hidden image.
The attribute keywords of buffer zone class IDLgrBuffer is: color mode COLOR_MODEL; Property value 0 expression RGB coloured image, 1 expression thumbnail.
The attribute keywords of colour band class IDLgrColorbar is: display bezel SHOW_OUTLINE; Property value 0 is represented not display bezel, 1 expression display bezel.
The attribute keywords of outline line class IDLgrContour is: image concealing HIDE; Property value 0 expression display image, 1 expression hidden image.
The attribute keywords of font class IDLgrFont is: font size SIZE; Property value is represented font size with floating number, and default value is 12.0.
The attribute keywords of images category IDLgrImage is: gray scale yardstick GREYSCALE; Palette is used in property value 0 expression, and palette is not used in 1 expression.
The attribute keywords of legend class IDLgrLegend is: show and fill SHOW_FILL; Background is not filled in property value 0 expression, and background is filled in 1 expression.
The attribute keywords of light class IDLgrLight is: intensity of light INTENSITY; Property value is the darkest between 0.0() and 1.0(the brightest) between floating number, be used for the indication lamp light intensity.
The attribute keywords of palette class IDLgrPalette is: colored number N_COLORS; Property value is the number with color-element in the palette of integer representation.
The attribute keywords of fill pattern class IDLgrPattern is: live width THICK; Property value is to use floating number between 1.0 and 10.0 to represent the width of interstitial wire.
The attribute keywords of line class IDLgrPlot is: color COLOR; Property value is the foreground component with vector representation.
The attribute keywords of area-of-interest class IDLgrROI is: type STYLE; Property value 0 expression point, 1 represents not closure fold line, 2 expression closure fold line.
The attribute keywords of area-of-interest category IDLgrROIGroup is: image concealing HIDE; Property value 0 expression display image, 1 expression hidden image.
The attribute keywords of curved surface class IDLgrSurface is: data DATA; Property value is the array of any type, is used to define surface data.
The attribute keywords of text class IDLgrText is: image concealing HIDE; Property value 0 expression display image, 1 expression hidden image.
The attribute keywords of volume class IDLgrVolume is: boundary B OUNDS; Property value is sextuple floating number vector, represents the scope of volumetric region to be rebuild.
The attribute keywords of VRML (Virtual Reality Modeling Language) class IDLgrVRML is: color mode COLOR_MODEL; Property value 0 expression RGB coloured image, 1 expression thumbnail.
Utilize the following call format of ADD again:
Schema object, view object, sets of views object and scenario objects are carried out following calling respectively:
G) the element figure object is added in the schema object;
H) schema object is added in the view object;
I) view object is added in the sets of views object;
J) the sets of views object is added in the scenario objects.
Then utilize the DRAW method of window object, its call format is: "
", in window object, draw scenario objects.After object shows end, utilize the OBJ_DESTROY function, delete all objects and releasing memory, the form of its call function is: "
".
Above-mentioned volume rendering algorithm is used for 3-dimensional reconstruction.According to showing purpose, select a certain reconstruction the in the three-dimensional reconstruction algorithm shown in Figure 3.3 d medical images after the reconstruction is by the interactive data model that is converted to virtual reality of describing of VRML.
Above-mentioned VRML is a kind of file layout of describing interactive three-dimensional object and three-dimensional world, and is by name by the expansion that file header and various node are formed
File, wherein file header is that each vrml file is prerequisite.The animation effect of VRML is exactly to rely on a given timer and a series of various interpolation node to control various animation effects in the scene in essence.Basic skills is exactly to be determined the clock of control animation effect by timer, this clock comprises start time, stand-by time, the time interval of animation effect and parameter such as whether circulate, output by this clock drives various interpolation nodes and produces corresponding effects in virtual world then, and in the interpolation node, providing the key point and the key value of various animation effects, the VRML browser will be finished whole animation according to these key points by approach based on linear interpolation automatically.The interactive description of the present invention comprises following VRML node description: the TimeSensor node will be created a clock that drives animation effect in the Virtual Space; Key point and key value that the OrientalInterpolator node specifies some space rotation parameters to form; The TouchSensor node is used for detecting the cursor action of viewer in the VRML browse window, and exports some parameters and trigger and control animation effect.
Through the interactive data model that is converted to virtual reality of describing of VRML, the Graphic State that shows is controlled by man-machine interface on the graphic user interface GUI and control interface.The composition structure as Fig. 4 is adopted in GUI design of the present invention, and top basic container is the basic container of the superiors, can only comprise a top basic container among each GUI, and it can comprise other random component; Basic container is included in the basic container in the top basic container, and it can comprise other random component; Remaining component all is basic modules, and they can not comprise the next stage assembly again.
Present embodiment has been stipulated the space navigation mode that VRML is the most basic in human-computer interaction interface, i.e. walking (WALK, be called for short W), check three kinds of situations of (EXAMINE is called for short E) and flight (FLY, abbreviation F).In given browsing mode, can also change the surfing of viewer in the Virtual Space, its unit is the single bps of VRML.For the browsing mode of walking or flight, be exactly the speed of viewer scapegoat's translation all around in the space, and for the mode of checking, be the viewer rotates or the speed of a spatial modelling of translation.After the user has selected browsing mode, pick up by the data model of the control panel on the graphic user interface GUI virtual reality, realization comprises scene walkthrough and the isoparametric setting of lighting condition that moves up and down with any direction rotation, finally reaches the visual target of medical image real-time virtual.
The operation embodiment of the inventive method
Present embodiment is that the computing machine (Intel P4 2.93G processor, 256 MB of memory, 128M video card) in common configuration is gone up realization.
Double-click the program icon that the corresponding this method on the computer desktop is set up, program designation interface as shown in Figure 5 occurs, then user cipher is imported in prompting, as shown in Figure 6, check the user interface shown in Figure 7 of correctly being allowed for access until password, the setting of each menu as shown in Figure 8 in this user interface.Fig. 9～Figure 11 is seen at the interface of medical image being carried out various gymnastics works, sectioning and synthetic operation for details, and wherein the setting and the function of main button all mark on the figure.Be respectively normal heart MRA image (image size shown in Figure 12～15
, voxel size
) and CTA image (image size
, voxel size
) reconstructed results.By the virtual reality control panel can control chart look like to move up and down, any direction rotation and image lighting condition etc.
Claims (5)
1. based on the medical image three-dimensional visualization method of IDL language, the DICOM data of the two-dimensional medical images obtained are carried out three-dimensional reconstruction by volume rendering algorithm, generate corresponding 3 D medical visual image, and by the interactive data model that described 3 D medical visual image is converted to virtual reality of describing of VRML, described data model is by man-machine interface and control interface on the graphic user interface GUI, the Graphic State that shows is controlled, generate the corresponding visual virtual image of 3 D medical, it is characterized in that:
Described volume rendering algorithm comprises the steps:
1) the various objects in the definition object graphics system, described object comprises window object IDLgrWindow, scenario objects IDLgrScene, sets of views object ID LgrViewgroup, view object IDLgrView, schema object IDLgrMode and element figure object Atomic Graphic Object;
2) use OBJ_NEW function and the following call format of creating object
Various objects in the above-mentioned object graphics system are carried out the establishment of following steps:
A) create window object by window class IDLgrWindow,
B) create scenario objects by scene class IDLgrScene,
C) create the sets of views object by view category IDLgrViewgroup,
D) create view object by view IDLgrView,
E) by mode class IDLgrModel creation mode object,
F) create the element figure object by the parent map metaclass,
3) utilize the ADD call format, schema object, view object, sets of views object and scenario objects carried out following calling respectively:
G) the element figure object is added in the schema object,
H) schema object is added in the view object,
I) view object is added in the sets of views object,
J) the sets of views object is added in the scenario objects,
4) utilize the DRAW method of window object, draw scenario objects in window object, its call format is
5) after demonstration finishes, utilize the OBJ_DESTROY function to delete all objects, its call format is
The interactive description of described VRML comprises the description of TimeSensor node, OrientalInterpolator node and TouchSensor node:
Described TimeSensor node will be created a clock that drives animation effect in the Virtual Space,
Key point and key value that described OrientalInterpolator node specifies some space rotation parameters to form,
Described TouchSensor node is used for detecting the cursor action of viewer in the VRML browse window, and exports some parameters and trigger and control animation effect.
2. the medical image three-dimensional visualization method based on the IDL language according to claim 1 is characterized in that described element figure object comprises: coordinate axis class IDLgrAxis, buffer zone class IDLgrBuffer, colour band class IDLgrColorbar, outline line class IDLgrContour, font class IDLgrFont, images category IDLgrImage, legend class IDLgrLegend, light class IDLgrLight, palette class IDLgrPalette, fill pattern class IDLgrPattern, line class IDLgrPlot, area-of-interest class IDLgrROI, area-of-interest category IDLgrROIGroup, curved surface class IDLgrSurface, text class IDLgrText, volume class IDLgrVolume and VRML (Virtual Reality Modeling Language) class IDLgrVRML.
3. the medical image three-dimensional visualization method based on the IDL language according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described graphic user interface GUI comprises that model picks up, model editing, scene walkthrough, parameter setting and other setting.
4. the medical image three-dimensional visualization method based on the IDL language according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described graphic user interface GUI only comprises a top basic container and other assemblies, comprise a basic container in other assemblies, basic container is the next stage assembly of top basic container, basic container comprises the next stage assembly, and remaining component all is basic modules, can not comprise the next stage assembly.
5. the medical image three-dimensional visualization method based on the IDL language according to claim 4, it is characterized in that, the next stage assembly of described top basic container also comprises menu system and toolbar, and the next stage assembly of basic container comprises trigger button, radio button, text editing, check button, text label, slider bar, list box, drawing district, following list box, form component, tree construction assembly and page assembly.
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| CN102722338A (en) * | 2012-06-15 | 2012-10-10 | 杭州电子科技大学 | Touch screen based three-dimensional human model displaying and interacting method |
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| CN106687968A (en) * | 2014-09-05 | 2017-05-17 | 皇家飞利浦有限公司 | Methods and systems for visualizing gene expression data |
| CN106687968B (en) * | 2014-09-05 | 2020-08-25 | 皇家飞利浦有限公司 | Method for visualizing gene expression data |
| CN105657408A (en) * | 2015-12-31 | 2016-06-08 | 北京小鸟看看科技有限公司 | Method for implementing virtual reality scene and virtual reality apparatus |
| CN105657408B (en) * | 2015-12-31 | 2018-11-30 | 北京小鸟看看科技有限公司 | The implementation method and virtual reality device of virtual reality scenario |
| CN106898043A (en) * | 2017-02-08 | 2017-06-27 | 上海维尔盛视智能科技有限公司 | A kind of PACK based on virtual reality |
| CN107452074A (en) * | 2017-07-31 | 2017-12-08 | 上海联影医疗科技有限公司 | A kind of image processing method and system |
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