CN102155195B - Multi-control-unit multi-beam laser perforation device in oil well - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of oil well completion, and in particular relates to a multi-control unit multi-beam laser perforation device for oil wells. The device mainly includes a laser source, a high-pressure gas source and a downhole laser perforator. The laser source generates high-energy lasers. The downhole laser perforator includes multiple laser perforation devices arranged in an orderly manner, which controls the high-energy laser to carry out oil well perforation operations. And control the gas output from the high-pressure gas source to be ejected in the laser perforating device along the direction of laser emission, providing a clean channel for laser perforation. The device of the invention simultaneously controls multiple beams of high-energy lasers to carry out oil well perforation operations, and has high perforation efficiency, deep perforation depth, flexible and controllable perforation direction, increased formation permeability, and significantly improved oil well productivity.

Description

A multi-control unit multi-beam laser perforation device for oil wells

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of oil well completion, and in particular relates to a multi-control-unit multi-beam laser perforation device for downhole oil wells.

Background technique

Petroleum downhole perforation technology belongs to a kind of oil well completion technology, specifically refers to opening the well pipe, cement layer and formation, and establishing the flow channel between the formation and the well pipe. At present, bullets and shaped explosives are commonly used to perforate oil wells, but these methods have shallow perforation depths, uncontrollable perforation directions, and have a compaction effect on the formation, resulting in a decrease in the permeability of the formation. These problems have always affected the perforating and completion operations of oil wells, limiting the improvement of oil well productivity. The use of high-power lasers to carry out oil well perforation operations can effectively solve the above problems. There are few domestic research reports on this technology, and there is no oil well laser perforation device that can be put into practical application. Foreign reports on this technology Such as US4199034: Method and apparatus for perforating oil and gas wells, this patent introduces a laser perforating device for oil wells, which uses optical fiber to transmit high-energy laser to the downhole, and changes the direction of the laser through optical elements, so that it can irradiate to the waiting area. perforated formation. Using this device to perforate oil wells significantly increases the depth of the perforation channel, and the direction of the perforation can be precisely controlled by adjusting the optical elements. However, there is only one set of optical elements for controlling the laser in this device, and the perforation efficiency is not high. In addition, when the device is used for perforating operations, the complex environment downhole and the sundries generated during perforation will affect the laser, reducing the efficiency of laser perforation operations.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a multi-control unit multi-beam laser perforation device for oil wells, so as to use high-energy lasers to carry out oil well perforation operations and improve the efficiency of laser perforation operations.

In order to realize above-mentioned technical purpose, the present invention adopts following technical solution:

A multi-control unit multi-beam laser perforating device for oil wells, including a laser source, a high-pressure gas source and a downhole laser perforator, wherein:

The downhole laser perforator includes at least two groups of laser perforation units, wherein at least two groups of laser perforation units are connected in sequence, and each group of laser perforation units includes at least two sets of laser perforation devices;

Each set of laser perforating devices includes a laser control unit and a gas cleaning unit, and the laser control unit and the gas cleaning unit are connected to each other; wherein:

The laser control unit includes a housing, an optical fiber, a focusing lens installed in the housing, a reflector and a mirror rotation control frame, and a first light-transmitting window is provided on the side wall of the housing; one end of the optical fiber communicates with the inside of the housing through the housing , the other end is connected to the laser source; the focusing lens is located below the optical fiber; the reflector is installed on the mirror rotation control frame and located below the focus lens, the reflector is a variable pitch angle mirror, and the pitch angle changes When the reflecting mirror faces the first light-transmitting window;

The gas cleaning unit includes a high-pressure gas pipe, a fixed casing, a rotating casing and a rotating casing controller; one end of the high-pressure gas pipe communicates with the interior of the gas cleaning unit through the fixed casing, and the other end is connected to a high-pressure gas source; the fixed casing has an open The housing is equipped with a rotating housing that can slide up and down relative to the fixed housing at the opening. The rotating housing is provided with a nozzle, and a second light-transmitting housing is provided on the side wall of the fixed housing opposite to the side wall where the opening is located. window, the side wall provided with the second light-transmitting window is connected to the side wall provided with the first light-transmitting window in the housing, and the second light-transmitting window is opposite to the nozzle and the first light-transmitting window; the rotary housing controller Installed on the fixed housing and connected with the rotating housing.

Other features of the device of the present invention are:

The surface of the focusing lens is coated with a laser anti-reflection coating.

The surface of the mirror is coated with a laser high reflection film layer.

The first light-transmitting window is coated with a laser anti-reflection film layer.

The gas cleaning unit also includes a gas valve, which is connected to the high-pressure gas pipe and installed on the fixed shell.

The second light-transmitting window is coated with a laser anti-reflection film layer.

The nozzle is arranged at the center of the rotating shell.

The nozzle is a conical nozzle.

The downhole laser perforator also includes a rotary controller installed at one end of the downhole laser perforator.

The downhole laser perforator also includes a centralizer, which is installed at one end of the downhole laser perforator, or, the downhole laser perforator also includes two centralizers, which are respectively installed on Both ends of a downhole laser perforator.

Compared with prior art, the present invention has following advantage:

(1) The perforating device uses laser to perforate oil wells. During the perforating process, not only will it not cause compaction to the formation, but the permeability of the surrounding rocks will be improved after laser ablation.

(2) The perforating device can precisely control the laser beam when using laser to perforate oil wells, so it will not damage the well pipe.

(3) The perforating device uses laser to carry out oil well perforating operations, which can continuously ablate the rock at the end of the perforation channel, greatly increasing the perforation depth.

(4) The pitch angle of the mirror can be adjusted by the mirror rotation control frame, and the laser emission angle can be precisely controlled, so that the perforation operation can be carried out according to the specified inclination angle.

(5) The high-pressure gas is continuously ejected from the gas nozzle, which effectively cleans the perforation channel and greatly improves the efficiency of laser perforation operations.

(6) There are multiple sets of laser control units arranged in an orderly manner in the device, which can simultaneously control multiple laser beams for perforation operations, which greatly improves the efficiency of laser perforation operations.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a structural representation of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is the structural representation of each set of laser perforating devices in each group of laser perforating units;

Fig. 3 is the A direction view of Fig. 2;

Fig. 4 is a horizontal section view of a group of laser perforating units in the embodiment.

The present invention will be described in further detail below in conjunction with the embodiments and accompanying drawings.

Detailed ways

As shown in Figures 1 to 3, the device of the present invention includes a laser source 1, a high-pressure gas source 2 and a downhole laser perforator 3, wherein:

The downhole laser perforator 3 includes at least two groups of laser perforation units, wherein at least two groups of laser perforation units are connected in sequence along the longitudinal direction, each group of laser perforation units includes at least two sets of laser perforation devices, and at least two sets of laser perforation units The perforating devices are connected together by welding or mechanical devices, and at least two sets of laser perforating devices are on the same level;

Each laser perforating device includes a laser control unit and a gas cleaning unit, and the laser control unit is connected to the gas cleaning unit; wherein:

The laser control unit includes a housing 5, an optical fiber 4, and a focusing lens 6, a reflector 7, and a mirror rotation control frame 8 installed in the housing 5; the side wall of the housing 5 is provided with a first light-transmitting window 9, and the One end of the optical fiber 4 communicates with the inside of the housing 5 through the housing 5, and the other end is connected to the laser source 1. The focusing lens 6 is located below the optical fiber 4, and the reflector 7 is installed on the mirror rotation control frame 8 and is located below the focusing lens 6. , the reflector 7 is a rotatable reflector, and when turning, the reflector 7 faces the first light-transmitting window 9, that is, the pitch angle of the reflector 7 can be changed according to the work needs, and the reflector 7 faces the first light window 9 when changing. Light-transmitting window 9; each combined component in this unit adjusts the outgoing direction of the laser beam in order to accurately and effectively control the inclination angle of the perforation channel.

The gas cleaning unit includes a high-pressure gas pipe 11, a fixed casing 13, a rotating casing 14 and a rotating casing controller 16; one end of the high-pressure gas pipe 11 communicates with the interior of the gas cleaning unit through the fixed casing 13, and the other end is connected to the high-pressure gas source 2; The fixed casing 13 is a shell with an opening, that is, there is an opening on the side wall of the fixed casing 13, and the fixed casing is a semi-closed casing, and a rotating shaft that can slide up and down relative to the fixed casing 13 is installed at the opening. Housing 14, this rotary housing 14 is provided with nozzle 15, is provided with the second light-transmitting window 10 on the other side wall of the fixed housing 13 opposite to the side wall where the opening is located, this is provided with the second light-transmitting window 10 The side wall is connected with the side wall provided with the first light transmission window 9 of the housing 5, and the second light transmission window 10 is opposite to the nozzle 15 and the first light transmission window 9 at the same time; the rotary housing controller 16 is mounted on a fixed The casing 13 is connected to the rotating casing 14 , and the unit controls the rotation of the rotating casing 14 , and then controls the direction of the airflow emitted by the nozzle 15 . During the perforation operation, it is necessary to adjust the direction of the mirror 7 and the nozzle 15 at the same time, so that the laser beam and the high-pressure gas flow are aligned with the direction to be perforated at the same time. It effectively cleans the perforation channel and achieves the purpose of assisting the laser in perforating operations.

In order to reduce laser energy loss, the surface of the focusing lens 6 is coated with a laser anti-reflection coating.

In order to reduce laser energy loss, the surface of the reflector 7 is coated with a laser high reflection film layer.

In order to reduce laser energy loss, the first light-transmitting window 9 is coated with a laser antireflection film.

The gas cleaning unit also includes a gas valve 12 , which is connected to the high-pressure gas pipe 11 and installed on the fixed shell 13 .

In order to reduce laser energy loss, the second light-transmitting window 10 is coated with a laser antireflection film.

In order to effectively clean the perforation channel, the nozzle 15 is arranged at the center of the rotating housing 14 .

In order to effectively clean the perforation channel, the nozzle 15 is a tapered nozzle.

In order to control the rotation of the downhole laser perforator 3 in the horizontal direction, that is, to improve the flexibility of the entire device during operation, the downhole laser perforator 3 also includes a rotation controller 22, which is installed on the downhole laser perforator. One end of the perforating device 3, that is, a group of laser perforating units installed on the upper or lower end of the downhole laser perforating device 3;

Further, in order to maintain the stability of the downhole laser perforator 3 during operation, the downhole laser perforator 3 also includes a centralizer 21, which is installed at one end of the downhole laser perforator 3, that is, the or installation On a group of laser perforating units at the upper end or lower end of the downhole laser perforator 3, or on the rotary controller 22, similarly: in order to meet the working requirements of the oversized instrument or when the working conditions are bad, Two centralizers 21 can be installed on the downhole laser perforator 3 , and the two centralizers 21 are respectively installed at the upper and lower ends of the downhole laser perforator 3 .

In order to save material and ensure the integrity of the entire device, the side wall of the fixed housing 13 in the gas cleaning unit provided with the second light transmission window 10 is integrated with the side wall of the housing 5 provided with the first light transmission window 9 , the second light-transmitting window 10 is integrated with the first light-transmitting window 9 .

A servo motor 17 , a transmission rod 19 and a gear 18 are installed inside the rotary housing controller 16 , and the servo motor 17 , transmission rod 19 and gear 18 are connected in sequence, wherein the gear 18 meshes with the side of the rotary housing 14 .

The mirror rotation control frame 8 is equipped with a motor and a transmission device, the motor is connected to the transmission device, and the transmission device is connected to the reflector 7 to regulate the pitch angle of the reflector 7 to accurately and conveniently control the laser emission direction.

The rotation controller includes a motor and a transmission device, the motor is connected with the transmission device, and the transmission device is connected with the downhole laser perforator to control its rotation in the horizontal direction.

The whole device can be regulated by a ground operation console, wherein the motors in the rotation controller 22 and the mirror rotation control frame 8 are all connected with the ground operation console, and the servo motors in the rotary shell controller 16 are connected with the ground operation console. connection, the centralizer 21 is connected with the ground operation console, and the staff can control the stability of the downhole laser perforator 3 in the horizontal direction and the stability of the operation, and the elevation angle of the reflector 7 through the ground operation console according to the needs of the work. The transforming and rotating casing 14 slides up and down relative to the fixed casing 13; meanwhile, the ground operation console is connected with the gas valve 12 to control the switch and flow of high-pressure gas.

When working, the downhole laser perforator is first suspended to the formation to be perforated, and then the downhole laser perforator is adjusted through the ground operation console so that each perforation control unit points to the initial direction to be perforated, and finally the laser beam is controlled to complete the whole process. Perforating operations.

The working principle and process of each set of laser perforating devices are as follows: after the instrument arrives at the target formation, adjust the direction of the mirror 7 and the nozzle 15 so that they point to the direction to be perforated at the same time and keep them consistent. The high-energy laser beam is emitted from the optical fiber 4 and passes through the focusing lens. 6 is focused, reflected by the mirror 7, and then emitted through the first light transmission window 9, the second light transmission window 10 and the nozzle 15. When the high-energy laser is emitted, the nozzle 15 of the gas cleaning unit continuously ejects the protective airflow, providing a clean incident channel for the laser and taking the debris generated by the perforation out of the perforation hole, and the high-energy laser beam penetrates the wall of the well pipe successively , cement layer and formation, so as to achieve the purpose of establishing a flow channel between the formation and the well pipe.

The invention simultaneously controls multiple beams of high-energy lasers to carry out oil well perforation operations, has high perforation efficiency, deep perforation depth, flexible and controllable perforation direction, increases formation permeability, and significantly improves oil well productivity.

The following is a specific example given by the inventor, which is for further understanding of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to this example.

Example:

With reference to Fig. 1 to Fig. 3 and as shown in Fig. 4, the device in the present embodiment comprises laser source 1, high-pressure gas source 2 and downhole laser perforator 3, and laser source 1 and high-pressure gas source 2 are positioned on the ground, such a On the one hand, it avoids the impact of the complex environment downhole on the instrument, and on the other hand, it eliminates the limitation of the size of the well pipe on the size and volume of the instrument; the laser source 1 is a high-power all-solid-state laser, and the high-energy laser generated by it is transmitted to the Downhole laser perforator 3; where:

The downhole laser perforator 3 includes a centralizer 21, a rotary controller 22 and three groups of laser perforation units, wherein the three groups of perforation units are connected in sequence along the longitudinal direction, and the centralizer 21 is installed on the top of the downhole laser perforator 3 On the laser perforating unit, the rotary controller 22 is installed on the laser perforating unit at the bottom of the downhole laser perforating device 3, wherein each group of perforating units includes four sets of laser perforating devices, and the four sets of laser perforating devices are welded between together, and the four sets of laser perforating devices are installed on the same horizontal plane and evenly distributed in the horizontal plane;

Each set of laser perforating devices includes a laser control unit and a gas cleaning unit, and the laser control unit and the gas cleaning unit are connected to each other; wherein:

The laser control unit includes a housing 5, an optical fiber 4, and a focusing lens 6, a mirror 7, and a mirror rotation control frame 8 installed in the housing 5. The mirror rotation control frame 8 is installed on the bottom surface of the housing 5, and the mirror rotation control frame 8 A motor and a transmission device are installed in the middle, the motor is connected with the transmission device, wherein the transmission device is connected with the reflector 7 to control the rotation of the reflector, and the pitch angle of the reflector can be changed according to the work needs, wherein the side wall of the casing 5 is provided with a first lens Optical window 9; one end of the optical fiber 4 enters the laser control unit from the top of the shell 5 of the laser control unit, and the other end is connected with the laser source 1; the focusing lens 6 is located below the optical fiber 4 and plays the role of focusing the beam; the reflector 7 is installed on the reflector On the mirror rotation control frame 8 and located below the focusing lens 6, the mirror 7 can change the pitch angle around the top of the mirror rotation control frame 8, so as to realize the perforation operation in a large angle range, and when the pitch angle of the mirror 7 changes The mirror surface faces the first light transmission window 9; the laser beam is reflected by the mirror 7 and emitted through the first light transmission window 9, and is irradiated on the formation to be perforated; in order to reduce the loss of laser energy, the surface of the focusing lens 6 and the first light transmission window 9 are coated with a laser antireflection coating, and the surface of the mirror 7 is coated with a laser high reflection coating;

The gas cleaning unit includes a high-pressure gas pipe 11, a gas valve 12, a fixed casing 13, a rotating casing 14 and a rotating casing controller 15; On the fixed shell 13; one end of the high-pressure gas pipe 11 is connected with the high-pressure gas source 2, and the other end of the high-pressure gas pipe 11, the gas valve 12, and the top of the fixed shell 13 are connected in sequence, and the high-pressure gas enters the gas cleaning unit through this passage; Furthermore, the fixed shell 13 includes a side wall with an opening, and a rotating shell 14 that can slide up and down longitudinally relative to the fixed shell 13 is installed at the opening, and the center of the rotating shell 14 is provided with a Nozzle 15 is arranged, and this nozzle is conical nozzle, is provided with the second light-transmitting window 10 on the side wall of the fixed housing 13 opposite with opening place side wall, this is provided with the side wall of the second light-transmitting window 10 and The shell 5 is provided with the side wall of the first light transmission window 9 connected, and the second light transmission window 10 is opposite to the nozzle 15 and the first light transmission window 9 at the same time, and the second light transmission window 10 is connected to the first light transmission window 9 Coincidentally, in order to reduce the loss of laser energy, the second light-transmitting window 10 is coated with a laser anti-reflection film layer; the rotating housing controller 16 is installed on the bottom of the fixed housing 13 and connected with the rotating housing 14, and the rotating housing controller 16 is internally installed Servomotor 17, transmission lever 19 and gear 18 are arranged, and servomotor 17, transmission lever 19 and gear 18 are connected in sequence, and wherein gear 18 is engaged with the side of rotating casing 14 and controls rotating casing 14 to slide in the vertical direction, and During the rotation process, the high-pressure gas injection direction is always consistent with the laser emission direction; during the working process, the high-pressure gas ejected from the nozzle 15 on the rotating shell 14 on the one hand discharges the downhole liquid and provides a clean channel for laser perforation On the other hand, the debris generated by laser perforation is taken out of the perforation hole, which avoids the interaction between laser and liquid and debris, and improves the perforation efficiency.

The rotation controller 22 includes a motor and a transmission device, the motor is connected to the transmission device, and the transmission device is connected to the downhole laser perforator 3 to control its rotation in the horizontal direction.

The whole device can be regulated by a ground operation console, wherein the motors in the rotation controller 22 and the mirror rotation control frame 8 are all connected with the ground operation console, and the servo motors in the rotary shell controller 16 are connected with the ground operation console. connection, the centralizer 21 is connected with the ground operation console, and the staff can control the stability of the downhole laser perforator 3 in the horizontal direction and the stability of the operation, and the elevation angle of the reflector 7 through the ground operation console according to the needs of the work. The transforming and rotating casing 14 slides up and down relative to the fixed casing 13; meanwhile, the ground operation console is connected with the gas valve 12 to control the switch and flow of high-pressure gas.

Claims (10)

1. a multi-control-unit multi-beam laser perforation device in oil well, comprise lasing light emitter (1), high-pressure air source (2), it is characterized in that, this device also comprises down-hole laser perforator (3), wherein:

Described down-hole laser perforator (3) comprises at least two group laser perforation unit, and wherein at least two group laser perforation unit connect successively, and every group of laser perforation unit comprises at least two cover laser perforating systems;

Described every cover laser perforating system comprises laser controlling unit and gas cleaning unit, and the laser controlling unit is connected with the gas cleaning unit; Wherein:

The laser controlling unit comprises shell (5), optical fiber (4) and is installed on the interior condenser lens (6) of shell (5), speculum (7) and speculum rotation controls frame (8); Described shell (5) one sidewalls are provided with the first borrow light (9); Described optical fiber (4) one ends communicate in shell (5) and shell (5), and the other end is connected with lasing light emitter (1); Described condenser lens (6) is positioned at below optical fiber (4); Described speculum (7) is installed on speculum and rotate controls frame (8) and go up and be positioned at below condenser lens (6), and this speculum (7) is the variable speculum of the angle of pitch, and speculum (7) faces the first borrow light (9) during pitch angle variation;

The gas cleaning unit comprises high-pressure air pipe (11), fixed housing (13), rotational shell (14) and rotational shell controller (16); Described high-pressure air pipe (11) one ends communicate with inside, gas cleaning unit through fixed housing (13), and the other end is connected with high-pressure air source (2); Described fixed housing (13) is for having uncovered housing, the rotational shell (14) that can slide up and down with respect to fixed housing (13) is installed at this open-mouth, this rotational shell (14) is provided with nozzle (15), be provided with the second borrow light (10) on the sidewall of shell (13) being relatively fixed with uncovered place sidewall, this sidewall that is provided with the second borrow light (10) is connected with the sidewall that is provided with the first borrow light (9) of shell (5), and the second borrow light (10) is relative with the first borrow light (9) with nozzle (15); Described rotational shell controller (16) is installed on fixed housing (13) upward and is connected with rotational shell (14).

2. multi-control-unit multi-beam laser perforation device in oil well as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described condenser lens (6) surface is coated with the laser antireflective coating.

3. multi-control-unit multi-beam laser perforation device in oil well as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described speculum (7) surface is coated with laser highly reflecting films layer.

4. multi-control-unit multi-beam laser perforation device in oil well as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, is coated with the laser antireflective coating on described the first borrow light (9).

5. multi-control-unit multi-beam laser perforation device in oil well as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described gas cleaning unit also comprises a gas valve (12), and this gas valve (12) is connected with high-pressure air pipe (11) and is installed on fixed housing (13).

6. multi-control-unit multi-beam laser perforation device in oil well as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, is coated with the laser antireflective coating on described the second borrow light (10).

7. multi-control-unit multi-beam laser perforation device in oil well as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described nozzle (15) is located at the center of rotational shell (14).

8. multi-control-unit multi-beam laser perforation device in oil well as described in claim 1 or 7, is characterized in that, described nozzle (15) is conical nozzle.

9. multi-control-unit multi-beam laser perforation device in oil well as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described down-hole laser perforator (3) also comprises a Rotation Controllers (22), and this Rotation Controllers (22) is installed on an end of down-hole laser perforator (3).

10. multi-control-unit multi-beam laser perforation device in oil well as described in claim 1 or 9, it is characterized in that, described down-hole laser perforator (3) also comprises a centralizer (21), this centralizer (21) is installed on an end of down-hole laser perforator (3), perhaps, described down-hole laser perforator (3) also comprises two centralizers (21), and these two centralizers (21) are installed on respectively the two ends of down-hole laser perforator (3).

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