A kind of job practices of immersed tube tunnel pile foundation
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of job practices of building foundation, particularly the job practices of immersed tube tunnel pile foundation.
Background technology
Along with the development in city, when tunnel construction, on the one hand, require to increase the track quantity of institute's built tunnel; On the other hand, place, line position can be built in the tunnel, is subjected to track, tunnel absolute altitude to be connected the restriction of sloping absolute altitude with road, and the advantage that adopts immersed tunnelling method to build the tunnel highlights.The Foundation Design of immersed tunnelling method tunnel bottom is extremely important, and whether the based process Scheme Selection reasonable, can directly influence the investment, waterproof, distortion, later stage differential settlement or the like in immersed tunnelling method tunnel.In the prior art, the based process method that the immersed tunnelling method tunnel bottom is commonly used is scraped shop method, sand-blast, sand replacement method, pouch method, slip casting method or the like usually.But,, when the very poor rivers of geological conditions, seabed excavation groove, have problems such as water-bed soil stabilization, alluvial mud scum or bed-sit back-silt at the sand content height.According to the related data statistics, it is comparatively desirable to adopt pile foundation to handle.Pile foundation (containing broken stone pile) accounts for about 13% of immersed tunnelling method tunnel total amount.
Know according to existing data and engineering practice,, adopt pile foundation can effectively control the total settlement and the differential settlement in tunnel later stage in tunnel at the immersed tube tunnel that soft clay area is built.But immersed tube tunnel adopts the pile foundation form also to exist many technical problems to need to solve at present as Foundation Design.Existing immersed tube tunnel pile foundation adopts the high technology of adjusting of single stake stake top mark.The high technical requirements height of adjusting of single stake stake top mark each pile stake top mark height often occurs and differs, and the pressure that born separately of each pile is inhomogeneous like this.The high adjustment of single stake stake top mark, the processing time is long, and it is also long therefore to take the navigation channel time.When the stake top mark height of big bottom, section immersed tube tunnel central area is adjusted, need from drawing a large amount of Grouting Pipe under water, every Grouting Pipe needed to be finished by the diver with being connected of adjustable pile top, very the labor intensive physical resources and financial resources.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to propose a kind of job practices of immersed tube tunnel pile foundation, in the job practices of described immersed tube tunnel pile foundation, the immersed tube tunnel pile foundation of being built comprises a plurality of beaming type pile foundations, and in building work progress, the absolute altitude of described immersed tube tunnel pile foundation can be adjusted easily, the absolute altitude of described immersed tube tunnel pile foundation can reach design elevation easily, solve single stake stake top mark to a high-profile whole deposit each pile stake top mark height differ, take the problem of long, labor intensive physical resources and financial resources of navigation channel time.
The present invention solves the problems of the technologies described above by the following technical programs, reaches purpose of the present invention.
A kind of job practices of immersed tube tunnel pile foundation comprises the construction of each beaming type pile foundation, and the construction of described each beaming type pile foundation comprises following operation:
A) make guide pile, the water surface absolute altitude when making the absolute altitude of the end face of described guide pile be higher than construction;
B) play the stake of many foundation, make the absolute altitude of the end face of described foundation pile be lower than described immersed tube tunnel Design of pile foundation absolute altitude;
C) get the prefabricated pile cover that is used for the beaming type pile foundation, the described pile cover that is used for the beaming type pile foundation comprises cycle side plate, top board, the top board through hole, lifting portion, the inside of described cycle side plate can hold described many foundation stake, described top board covers the open top of described cycle side plate and into a single integrated structure with described cycle side plate, described top board through hole is arranged on the described top board, described top board through hole is communicated with the inside and outside of described cycle side plate, described lifting portion is arranged on the described top board, and the height value of the described pile cover that is used for the beaming type pile foundation is less than described immersed tube tunnel Design of pile foundation absolute altitude value;
By the described lifting portion that is used for the pile cover of the beaming type pile foundation described pile cover that is used for the beaming type pile foundation of slinging, by described top board through hole the described pile cover that is used for the beaming type pile foundation is enclosed within described guide pile, the described pile cover that is used for the beaming type pile foundation covers described many foundation stake, make the described bottom surface absolute altitude that is used for the pile cover of beaming type pile foundation be lower than the design elevation of described many foundation stake, the described end face absolute altitude that is used for the pile cover of beaming type pile foundation is lower than described immersed tube tunnel Design of pile foundation absolute altitude;
D) pile up rubble around the described pile cover that is used for the beaming type pile foundation and form debris;
E) pull out described guide pile;
F) by the described lifting portion that is used for the pile cover of the beaming type pile foundation described pile cover that is used for the beaming type pile foundation of slinging, promote the described pile cover that is used for the beaming type pile foundation, make the described end face absolute altitude that is used for the pile cover of beaming type pile foundation reach described immersed tube tunnel Design of pile foundation absolute altitude;
G) the top board through hole by the described pile cover that is used for the beaming type pile foundation injects cement concrete in the described pile cover that is used for the beaming type pile foundation;
H) wipe the cement concrete that exceeds described top board through hole off.
In the present invention, datum is the water-bed ground of building described immersed tube tunnel pile foundation.The absolute altitude of the end face of described guide pile is the end face of described guide pile and the distance between the described datum.The absolute altitude of the end face of described foundation pile be described foundation pile end face and described datum between distance.
The described height value that is used for the pile cover of beaming type pile foundation is the bottom surface of the described pile cover that is used for the beaming type pile foundation and the distance value between the end face; Described immersed tube tunnel Design of pile foundation absolute altitude value is the end face of immersed tube tunnel pile foundation described in the design and the distance value between the described datum.The described end face absolute altitude that is used for the pile cover of beaming type pile foundation is meant the end face of the described pile cover that is used for the beaming type pile foundation and the distance between the described datum, and the absolute altitude of described immersed tube tunnel pile foundation is meant the end face of described immersed tube tunnel pile foundation and the distance between the described datum.
In the present invention, the described pile cover that is used for the beaming type pile foundation can adapt to the foundation pile of different-diameter, because the inside of described cycle side plate can hold described many foundation stake, and the height value of the described pile cover that is used for the beaming type pile foundation is less than described immersed tube tunnel Design of pile foundation absolute altitude value, so can build the beaming type pile foundation, and can adjust the absolute altitude of described immersed tube tunnel pile foundation by adjusting the described end face absolute altitude that is used for the pile cover of beaming type pile foundation.Because be provided with described top board through hole, so can be easily to the described pile cover placing cement concrete in injection that is used for the beaming type pile foundation.The setting of described lifting portion, the described pile cover that is used for the beaming type pile foundation of being convenient to sling also is installed in the precalculated position with the described pile cover that is used for the beaming type pile foundation, also be convenient to promote the described pile cover that is used for the beaming type pile foundation, to adjust the absolute altitude of described immersed tube tunnel pile foundation by adjusting the described end face absolute altitude that is used for the pile cover of beaming type pile foundation.Because be provided with lifting portion, so can on the water surface, adjust the operation of the end face absolute altitude of the described pile cover that is used for the beaming type pile foundation.In the job practices of immersed tube tunnel pile foundation of the present invention, the described pile cover that is used for the beaming type pile foundation has covered described many foundation stake, promptly is the absolute altitude that promotes described immersed tube tunnel pile foundation so promote the described end face absolute altitude that is used for the pile cover of beaming type pile foundation.Because being piled up around the described pile cover that is used for the beaming type pile foundation by described rubble, described debris forms, so when promoting the described pile cover that is used for the beaming type pile foundation, described rubble can tumble automatically under the described pile cover that is used for the beaming type pile foundation, for the described pile cover that is used for the beaming type pile foundation rebasing.In the described pile cover that is used for the beaming type pile foundation, inject described cement concrete, so just described many foundation stake and the described pile cover that is used for the beaming type pile foundation are connected as a single entity.Adopt the job practices of immersed tube tunnel pile foundation of the present invention, need not to adjust single stake stake top mark, the problem that does not exist each pile stake top mark height to differ; Adjustment is used for the end face absolute altitude of the pile cover of beaming type pile foundation, than adjusting the high shared navigation channel time of each pile stake top mark shorter, and do not need under the diver water operation and draw Grouting Pipe, financial resources more use manpower and material resources sparingly.
In the job practices of immersed tube tunnel pile foundation of the present invention, preferably, described operation a) in, described guide pile is located by GPS.
In the job practices of immersed tube tunnel pile foundation of the present invention, preferably, the described pile cover that is used for the beaming type pile foundation also comprises truss, and described truss is arranged on described cycle side plate inside, and described truss connects described cycle side plate.Described truss can play booster action.Further, described truss is a steel truss.Described steel truss can be used as the concrete steel of described immersed tube tunnel pile foundation.
In the job practices of immersed tube tunnel pile foundation of the present invention, preferably, the bottom of described cycle side plate is the sword pin.Described sword pin has guide effect in place, and when the described pile cover that is used for the beaming type pile foundation injected cement concrete, described sword pin made that described cement concrete is easier to be wrapping to the described pile cover bottom periphery that is used for the beaming type pile foundation.
In the job practices of immersed tube tunnel pile foundation of the present invention, preferably, described top board through hole is arranged on the center of described top board, described top board is a variable cross-section, the thickness of described top board diminishes to the center of described top board from the periphery of described top board, and the soffit of described top board extremely is the shape that is inclined upwardly in the center of described top board from the periphery of described top board.Such shape helps strengthening the intensity of described top board.When injecting described cement concrete, such shape helps some rubbish and makes progress away along the described soffit that is used for the pile cover of beaming type pile foundation, until walking out the described pile cover that is used for the beaming type pile foundation from described top board through hole.
In the job practices of immersed tube tunnel pile foundation of the present invention, preferably, described cycle side plate is cylindrical plate or polygon cylindricality plate, and described top board is circular slab or the polygonal panel corresponding with described cycle side plate.Described changeable cylindricality such as triangle cylindricality, rectangular cylindricality, square cylindricality, water chestnut cylindricality, positive five side column shapes, positive hexagon cylindricality, positive eight side column shapes or the like.Further, in the job practices of immersed tube tunnel pile foundation of the present invention, preferably, described cycle side plate is the reinforced cement concrete cylindrical plate, and described top board is the reinforced cement concrete circular slab; Perhaps described cycle side plate is a cylindrical steel plate, and described top board is circular steel plate.
In the job practices of immersed tube tunnel pile foundation of the present invention, preferably, described foundation pile is pile tube or broken stone pile.
Be described further below with reference to the technique effect of accompanying drawing, so that those skilled in the art understands purpose of the present invention, feature and effect fully design of the present invention, concrete structure and generation.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the used pile cover that is used for the beaming type pile foundation of the job practices of the immersed tube tunnel pile foundation in the specific embodiment;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the job practices of the immersed tube tunnel pile foundation in the specific embodiment immersed tube tunnel pile foundation of building;
Fig. 3 is a structural representation of immersed tube tunnel pile foundation in the job practices implementation process of immersed tube tunnel pile foundation in the specific embodiment.
The specific embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, implement the job practices of immersed tube tunnel pile foundation of the present invention, need a kind of pile cover 1 that is used for the beaming type pile foundation, the pile cover 1 that is used for the beaming type pile foundation comprises cycle side plate 11, top board 12, top board through hole 13, lifting portion 14 and truss 15.
The inside of cycle side plate 11 can hold the stake of many foundation.The bottom of cycle side plate 11 is a sword pin 111.Cycle side plate 11 is Reinforced Concrete Circular Cylinder shape plates.Top board 12 covers the open top of cycle side plate 11 and into a single integrated structure with cycle side plate 11.Top board 12 is reinforced concrete circular plates.Top board through hole 13 is arranged on the top board 12, and top board through hole 13 is communicated with the inside and outside of cycle side plate 11.Top board through hole 13 is arranged on the center of top board 12, and top board 12 is variable cross-sections, and the thickness of top board 12 diminishes to the center of top board 12 from the periphery of top board 12, and the center to top board 12 is the shape that is inclined upwardly to the soffit of top board 12 from the periphery of top board 12.Lifting portion 14 is arranged on the top board 12, and lifting portion 14 can be pre-buried lifting plate or pre-buried hook, and in this specific embodiment, lifting portion 14 is pre-buried lifting plates, and the lifting plate is the steel plate that is provided with hanging hole.Truss 15 is arranged on cycle side plate 11 inside, and truss 15 connects cycle side plate 11.The material of truss 15 is steel.
The height value of pile cover 1 that is used for the beaming type pile foundation is less than immersed tube tunnel Design of pile foundation absolute altitude value.
This construction method that is used for the pile cover 1 of beaming type pile foundation comprises the steps:
1) cage of reinforcement of bundle cycle side plate 11, the cage of reinforcement of bundle top board 12;
2) truss 15 is provided with (as welding) on the cage of reinforcement of cycle side plate 11 (certainly, this step also can be implemented) after following step 5);
3) cage of reinforcement of top board 12 and the cage of reinforcement of cycle side plate 11 are bound together;
4) set the template of cycle side plate 11 and top board 12;
5) joints cement concrete, moulding.
Hold concurrently referring to Fig. 2.Implement the job practices of immersed tube tunnel pile foundation of the present invention, can build a kind of immersed tube tunnel pile foundation, this immersed tube tunnel pile foundation comprises a plurality of beaming type pile foundations, and each beaming type pile foundation comprises: the pile cover 1, many foundation stake 2, debris 3, the cement concrete 4 that are used for the beaming type pile foundation.
The pile cover 1 that is used for the beaming type pile foundation is as the described pile cover 1 that is used for the beaming type pile foundation of this specific embodiment.The number of the foundation pile 2 that each beaming type pile foundation comprises can be adjusted according to loading condition, is generally 6~8, and foundation pile 2 is pile tube or broken stone pile.Hold concurrently referring to Fig. 3, the beaming type pile foundation that Fig. 3 shows comprises 6 root canal piles 21,22,23,24,25,26,6 root canal piles 21,22,23,24,25,26 distribute around guide pile 6,6 root canal piles 21,22,23,24,25,26 equate that with the distance of guide pile 6 distance between the two adjacent root canal piles (as pile tube 21 and pile tube 22) equates; The truss of the beaming type pile foundation that Fig. 3 shows comprises 151,152, transverse truss 153 of two longitudiual truss.Longitudiual truss 151,152 is connected cycle side plate 11 with transverse truss 153.The pile cover 1 that is used for the beaming type pile foundation covers foundation pile 2.In this specific embodiment, each pile cover 1 that is used for the beaming type pile foundation covers six roots of sensation foundation pile 2.Debris 3 is piled up around the pile cover 1 that is used for the beaming type pile foundation.Cement concrete 4 is filled in the pile cover 1 that is used for the beaming type pile foundation.
The job practices of immersed tube tunnel pile foundation of the present invention is earlier to excavate corresponding groove in the tunnel location that is designed for the sinking immersed tube tunnel, each beaming type pile foundation of construction then, and the construction of each beaming type pile foundation comprises following operation:
A) make guide pile 6, the water surface absolute altitude the when absolute altitude of the end face of guide pile 6 is higher than construction, promptly guide pile 6 surfaces, and is convenient to the operation construction of back like this; Guide pile 6 is by GPS location, with the accurate location of the foundation pile that guarantees whole beaming type pile foundation and beaming type pile foundation;
B) play many foundation stake 2, the absolute altitude of the end face of every foundation stake 2 all is lower than immersed tube tunnel Design of pile foundation absolute altitude, and the absolute altitude of the end face of each foundation stake 2 can be different; The location of many foundation stake 2 if foundation pile 2 is pile tubes, can be located with in advance prefabricated locating rack; Locating rack comprises inserted link, many cantilevers, a plurality of centring ring, one end of each cantilever all is connected with inserted link, the other end of each cantilever all is connected with a centring ring, relative position between relative position between the centring ring and the foundation pile 2 that will locate coincide, and the size of centring ring just in time can be entangled foundation pile 2; During use, inserted link is inserted in the stake hole of guide pile 6, foundation pile 2 is injected centring ring, lay foundation pile 2, promptly realized the accurate location of foundation pile 2;
C) get prefabricated as the described pile cover 1 that is used for the beaming type pile foundation of this specific embodiment, top board through hole 13 internal diameters that are used for the pile cover 1 of beaming type pile foundation equal the external diameter of guide pile 6, the pile cover 1 that the lifting portion 14 of the pile cover 1 by being used for the beaming type pile foundation slings and is used for the beaming type pile foundation, the pile cover 1 that will be used for the beaming type pile foundation by top board through hole 13 is enclosed within guide pile 6, the pile cover 1 that is used for the beaming type pile foundation covers foundation pile 2, the bottom surface absolute altitude that is used for the pile cover 1 of beaming type pile foundation this moment hangs down 0~1500mm than the design elevation of foundation pile 2, the end face absolute altitude that is used for the pile cover 1 of beaming type pile foundation is lower than immersed tube tunnel Design of pile foundation absolute altitude, and whole operation is carried out on the water surface;
D) pile up rubble around the pile cover 1 that is used for the beaming type pile foundation and form debris 3, when specifically implementing, topple over rubble around the pile cover 1 that is used for the beaming type pile foundation and can realize piling up rubble around the pile cover 1 that is used for the beaming type pile foundation;
E) pull out guide pile 6;
F) pile cover 1 of slinging and being used for the beaming type pile foundation in the lifting portion 14 of the pile cover 1 of the water surface by being used for the beaming type pile foundation, promote the pile cover 1 that is used for the beaming type pile foundation at a slow speed, allow rubble multiple spot (more than 3 points) insert automatically under the sword pin 111 of cycle side plate 11 of the pile cover 1 that is used for the beaming type pile foundation, the end face absolute altitude that is used in the pile cover 1 of beaming type pile foundation reaches immersed tube tunnel Design of pile foundation absolute altitude, error can be controlled in ± 50mm, and whole operation is carried out on the water surface;
G) conduit of insertion disturbing concrete in top board through hole 13, the top board through hole 13 of the pile cover 1 by being used for the beaming type pile foundation injects cement concrete 4 in the pile cover 1 that is used for the beaming type pile foundation, cement concrete 4 can diffuse into cylindric at the columniform pile cover 1 that is used for the beaming type pile foundation automatically, some rubbish are then continued to use in the soffit of the pile cover 1 of beaming type pile foundation and are made progress away, until walk out the pile cover 1 that is used for the beaming type pile foundation from top board through hole 13;
H) wipe the cement concrete 4 that exceeds top board through hole 13 off.
The pile cover 1 that is used for the beaming type pile foundation can be prefabricated in batches in factory, the construction so that each beaming type pile foundation goes into operation simultaneously.
Certainly, the shape of cycle side plate 11 also can be polygon cylindricality, as triangle cylindricality, rectangular cylindricality, square cylindricality, water chestnut cylindricality, positive five side column shapes, positive hexagon cylindricality, positive eight side column shapes or the like.The shape of top board 12 also can with the corresponding polygon of cycle side plate.The material of cycle side plate 11, top board 12 also can be steel.
More than describe preferred embodiment of the present invention in detail.The ordinary skill that should be appreciated that this area need not creative work and just can design according to the present invention make many modifications and variations.Therefore, all technician in the art all should be in the determined protection domain by claims under this invention's idea on the basis of existing technology by the available technical scheme of logical analysis, reasoning, or a limited experiment.