CN102154644A - Preparation method of composite coating for light alloy component - Google Patents
Preparation method of composite coating for light alloy component Download PDFInfo
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- CN102154644A CN102154644A CN2011100667365A CN201110066736A CN102154644A CN 102154644 A CN102154644 A CN 102154644A CN 2011100667365 A CN2011100667365 A CN 2011100667365A CN 201110066736 A CN201110066736 A CN 201110066736A CN 102154644 A CN102154644 A CN 102154644A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a preparation method of a composite coating for a light alloy component. The method comprises the following steps of: polishing a wear surface of the light alloy component; removing the impurities on the surface of the wear surface such as the oil contamination, the dust and the like; performing the microarc oxidation to the treated light alloy component to prepare a ceramic coating; ultrasonically cleaning the light alloy component; protecting a non-wear surface of the light alloy component; spraying an Ni-Cr-Cr3C2 coating or a Ni-Cr-Al-Y coating onto the surface of the light alloy by a plasma sprayer; and polishing the light alloy component with the prepared composite coating, wherein the light alloy component is an aluminum alloy component, a magnesium alloy component or a titanium alloy component. The preparation method is easy to operate, and is suitable for preparing the composite coating for the light alloy components of various shapes, so that the wear resistance and the corrosion resistance of the light alloy component are improved, and the prepared composite coating is compact, wear-resistant, corrosion-resistant and good in heat stability.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to light alloy material element surface coatings art, be specifically related to the preparation method of light alloy material element surface compound coating.
Background technology
Appearance along with relevant policies such as national energy-saving and emission-reduction, light alloy (as aluminium alloy, magnesium alloy or titanium alloy etc.) metallic substance such as steel has as an alternative obtained widely applying and advocating in Aeronautics and Astronautics, weapons and civilian industry with the weight that alleviates component, but there are defectives such as low, the easy adhesion of hardness, the easy oxidation of high temperature in light alloy, has seriously limited the range of application of light alloy.
In order to overcome the above-mentioned defective that light alloy material exists, the existing at present protective coating for preparing light alloy material by differential arc oxidization technique, but there is the ablation hole in the oxide ceramic coating by the differential arc oxidation preparation, forms certain thickness tectorium, cause that the coating frictional coefficient is big, abrasion resistance properties is poor, so need carry out sealing of hole to coating handles, existing hole sealing technology is single, is difficult to satisfy the long-time anti abrasive functional requirement of high temperature.
And the conduct that exists at present prepares plasma spraying technology wear-resisting, heat insulating coat, because flame temperature reaches about 20000 ℃ during plasma spraying, directly the spraying abrasion-proof compound coating is carried out in light alloy-based surface and easily cause the oxidation of light alloy element, ablation, and easily cause the distortion of light alloy element, especially at the spraying of thin-walled parts.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of preparation method of light alloy element compound coating, with wearability and the erosion resistance of improving the light alloy element.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this: a kind of preparation method of light alloy element compound coating, and it is characterized in that: it comprises:
(1) polishing light alloy component abrasion face makes the wearing surface surfaceness more than Ra0.47;
(2) impurity such as the greasy dirt that will exist by the light alloy component abrasion face surface after step (1) processing, dust are cleared up;
(3) will carry out differential arc oxidation Processing of Preparation ceramic coating by the light alloy element after step (2) processing;
(4) will adopt ultrasonic cleaning by the light alloy element after step (3) processing, and the non-wearing surface of light alloy element surface will be protected processing;
(5) will spray Ni_Cr_Cr by plasma spraying equipment by the light alloy element surface after step (4) processing
3C
2Coating or Ni_Cr_Al_Y coating;
(6) adopt Magnetic Force Mill that the light alloy element after handling by step (5) is carried out milled processed;
Described light alloy element is aluminum alloy member, magnesium alloy element or titanium alloy element.
The contriver is by secular theoretical investigation and a large amount of tests, the preparation method of light alloy element compound coating of the present invention is proposed, the easy oxidation of light alloy element, ablation when having solved the preparation coating, cause the light alloy deformed element, the coatingsurface of preparation has hole, fine and close, technical problem that wear resistance is not high inadequately, improve the abrasion resistance properties of light alloy element, and improved the corrosion resistance nature of light alloy element largely; The inventive method is not only applicable to small-sized light alloy element, is applicable to large-scale light alloy component yet; Be not only applicable to the light alloy element of circle, regular shape such as square, be applicable to the light alloy element of arbitrary shapes such as ellipse, flat yet.
In order further to improve over-all propertieies such as light alloy element wearability and erosion resistance, in the above-mentioned steps (3), when above-mentioned light alloy was aluminium alloy, the parameter that its differential arc oxidation is handled was: current density 4～6A/dm
2, voltage 0～600V, dutycycle 30～50%, frequency 700～1000Hz, treatment temp be room temperature～35 ℃, treatment time 90～150min; When above-mentioned light alloy was magnesium alloy, its differential arc oxidation was treated to: current density 1.3A/dm
2, voltage 0～380V, dutycycle 20%, frequency 600～800Hz, treatment temp be room temperature～35 ℃, treatment time 50～80min; When above-mentioned light alloy was titanium alloy, its differential arc oxidation was treated to: current density 1.8A/dm
2, voltage 0～400V, dutycycle 30%, frequency 700～900Hz, treatment temp be room temperature～35 ℃, treatment time 30～50min.
In order further to improve over-all propertieies such as light alloy element wearability and erosion resistance, in the above-mentioned steps (5), spray Ni_Cr_Cr
3C
2During coating, the processing parameter of described spraying is: voltage 75V, electric current 460～500A, spray distance 100mm, argon pressure 0.7Mpa, argon flow amount 80Lh
-1, H
2Pressure 0.4Mpa, H
2Flow 15Lh
-1During spraying Ni_Cr_Al_Y coating, the processing parameter of described spraying is: voltage 80V, electric current 500～520A, spray distance 100mm, argon pressure 0.8Mpa, argon flow amount 90Lh
-1, H
2Pressure 0.4Mpa, H
2Flow 16Lh
-1
At aluminum alloy member, in order to improve the Al that handles in the aluminum alloy member surface preparation by above-mentioned differential arc oxidation
2O
3Thickness of ceramic coating and surfaceness, the parametric optimization that described differential arc oxidation is handled is: current density 6A/dm
2, dutycycle 30～50%, frequency 700～1000Hz, treatment temp be room temperature～35 ℃, treatment time 120～150min.
For over-all propertieies such as the bonding force that improves above-mentioned light alloy element abrasion-resistant coatings and homogeneities, above-mentioned steps (5) preferably before plasma spraying with aluminum alloy member 100～150 ℃ of thermal pretreatment, and within 1 minute aluminum alloy member is carried out plasma spraying after the thermal pretreatment and handles.
Handle coat-thickness and the surfaceness for preparing at above-mentioned light alloy element surface in order to improve by above-mentioned differential arc oxidation, described differential arc oxidation is handled and is specially: light alloy element clamping is handled on the frock at differential arc oxidation, make light alloy element and frock mortise, the light alloy element that clamping is good is put into the differential arc oxidation electrolyzer and is carried out the differential arc oxidation processing, it is alkaline silicate-phosphate system that described differential arc oxidation is handled the electrolytic solution that adopts, preferably prepare with deionized water, quality of de-ionized water requires preferred 10M Ω more than cm@25 ℃, and other raw material of preparing described electrolytic solution all preferably adopts other raw material of analytical pure level; In described differential arc oxidation is handled, loosening phenomenon can not appear after light alloy element clamping is good, can prepare special-purpose clamping frock according to light alloy component structure characteristics, perhaps at light alloy workpiece surface preparation technology screw, and preparation light alloy screw is connected with fabrication hole.
Polishing preferably adopts sand paper that wearing surface is polished described in the above-mentioned steps (1), and the sand paper granularity is below 800 orders, if surfaceness is bigger, need take sand paper polishing mode from coarse to fine.
Impurity such as the greasy dirt that described in the above-mentioned steps (2) light alloy component abrasion face surface is existed, dust are cleared up, preferably at first adopt alcohol, the oil removing of ethyl acetate equal solvent, adopt ultrasonic cleaning again, adopt deionized water that the light alloy element is washed at last.
In order to remove the alkaline coagulum of above-mentioned light alloy member coating surface by micro-arc oxidation solution better, and the surface clearness of raising coating, ultrasonic cleaning described in the above-mentioned steps (4), preferably at first adopt ethyl acetate or dehydrated alcohol that differential arc oxidation coating was fully cleaned more than 10 minutes, adopt deionized water to carry out ultrasonic cleaning more than 20 minutes again.
Described in the above-mentioned steps (4) the non-wearing surface of light alloy element surface is protected processing; the preferred protection coating materials such as high temperature gummed tape, aluminium sheet that adopt are pasted, are wrapped up non-wearing surface, so that remove described protection coating materials behind above-mentioned steps (5) plasma spraying.
The preparation method of above-mentioned light alloy element compound coating is preferably back in above-mentioned steps (5), above-mentioned steps (6) is preceding, and coating light alloy element is carried out ultrasonic oil removing.
Specifically, a kind of preparation method of light alloy element compound coating is characterized in that: described light alloy is an aluminium alloy, and it comprises:
(1) adopts the sand papering aluminum alloy member wearing surface of granularity below 800 orders, make the wearing surface surfaceness more than Ra0.47;
(2) aluminum alloy member after handling by above-mentioned steps (1) is adopted alcohol or ethyl acetate oil removing, adopt ultrasonic cleaning again, adopt deionized water that aluminum alloy member is washed at last;
(3) will carry out differential arc oxidation Processing of Preparation ceramic coating by the aluminum alloy member after above-mentioned steps (2) processing; Described differential arc oxidation is treated to: the aluminum alloy member clamping is handled on the frock at differential arc oxidation, make aluminum alloy member and frock mortise, the aluminum alloy member that clamping is good is put into the differential arc oxidation electrolyzer and is carried out the differential arc oxidation processing, electrolytic solution is alkaline silicate-phosphate system, and the parameter that described differential arc oxidation is handled is: current density 6A/dm
2, voltage 0～600V, dutycycle 30～50%, frequency 700～1000Hz, treatment temp be room temperature～35 ℃, treatment time 120～150min;
(4) at first adopt ethyl acetate or dehydrated alcohol to clean more than 10 minutes to the aluminum alloy member coating after handling through the described differential arc oxidation of above-mentioned steps (3), adopt deionized water to carry out ultrasonic cleaning more than 20 minutes again, adopt high temperature gummed tape or aluminium sheet to paste, wrap up non-wearing surface;
(5) will under 100～150 ℃ of conditions, carry out thermal pretreatment by the aluminum alloy member after above-mentioned steps (4) processing, and within after the described thermal pretreatment 1 minute, described aluminum alloy member be sprayed Ni_Cr_Cr by plasma spraying equipment
3C
2Coating or Ni_Cr_Al_Y coating, spraying Ni_Cr_Cr
3C
2The processing parameter of coating is: voltage 75V, electric current 460～500A, spray distance 100mm, argon pressure 0.7Mpa, argon flow amount 80Lh
-1, H
2Pressure 0.4Mpa, H
2Flow 15Lh
-1The processing parameter of spraying Ni_Cr_Al_Y coating is: voltage 80V, electric current 500～520A, spray distance 100mm, argon pressure 0.8Mpa, argon flow amount 90Lh
-1, H
2Pressure 0.4Mpa, H
2Flow 16Lh
-1
(6) aluminum alloy member after handling by above-mentioned steps (5) is carried out ultrasonic oil removing, adopt Magnetic Force Mill that it is carried out milled processed again.
The beneficial effect that the present invention has:
The inventive method is easy to operate, the preparation the densification of light alloy element compound coating, wear-resisting, corrosion-resistant, thermostability is good, (with the aluminium alloy is example to have improved the abrasion resistance properties of light alloy element, abrasion-resistant coatings is behind the wear test of 7200s, frictional coefficient average out to 0.0179, abrasion loss is 0.0042g, and the 7200s wear rate is 6.7 * 10
-4), and improved the corrosion resistance nature (with the aluminium alloy is example, and it is that 5% NaCl salt mist experiment reaches more than the 640h that compound coating can satisfy concentration) of light alloy element largely.The inventive method is not only applicable to small-sized light alloy element, is applicable to large-scale light alloy component yet; Be not only applicable to the light alloy element of circle, regular shape such as square, be applicable to the light alloy element of arbitrary shapes such as ellipse, flat yet.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the sectional drawing of the aluminum alloy member compound coating of embodiment 6 preparations, and wherein: I is an alloy matrix aluminum; II is the Al of differential arc oxidation Processing of Preparation
2O
3Ceramic coating; III is the Ni_Cr_Cr of plasma spraying preparation
3C
2Coating;
Fig. 2 is aluminum alloy member Al
2O
3/ Ni_Cr_Cr
3C
2Compound coating is wear-resistant test synoptic diagram, wherein: 1 is experimental pressure; 2 is the spheroidal graphite cast iron test ring; 3 is that preparation has Al
2O
3/ Ni_Cr_Cr
3C
2The aluminum alloy member of compound coating;
Fig. 3 is according to GB11834-2000, and the aluminum alloy member of embodiment 6 preparations is carried out frictional coefficient and the test period graph of a relation that wearing test is tested;
Fig. 4 is the Al that has to embodiment 6 preparations
2O
3/ Ni_Cr_Cr
3C
2The aluminum alloy member of compound coating is carried out the abrasion loss of wearing test test and the graph of a relation of test pressure.
Embodiment
Below by embodiment the present invention is carried out concrete description; be necessary to be pointed out that at this following examples only are used for the present invention is further specified; can not be interpreted as limiting the scope of the invention, those skilled in the art can make some nonessential improvement and adjustment to the present invention according to the invention described above content.
The preparation method of 1 one kinds of light alloy elements of embodiment compound coating is characterized in that: described light alloy element is the titanium alloy element, and it comprises:
(1) polishing titanium alloy component abrasion face makes the wearing surface surfaceness more than Ra0.47;
(2) impurity such as the greasy dirt that the titanium alloy component abrasion face surface after step (1) processing is existed, dust are cleared up;
(3) the titanium alloy element after step (2) processing is carried out differential arc oxidation Processing of Preparation ceramic coating;
(4) the titanium alloy element after step (3) processing is adopted ultrasonic cleaning, and the non-wearing surface of titanium alloy element surface is protected processing;
(5) the titanium alloy element surface after step (4) processing is sprayed Ni_Cr_Cr by plasma spraying equipment
3C
2Coating;
(6) adopt Magnetic Force Mill that the titanium alloy element after handling by step (5) is carried out milled processed.
The example method is easy to operate, the titanium alloy element compound coating densification of preparation, wear-resisting, corrosion-resistant, thermostability is good, the example method is not only applicable to small-sized titanium alloy element, is applicable to the large titanium alloy component yet; Be not only applicable to the titanium alloy element of circle, regular shape such as square, be applicable to the titanium alloy element of arbitrary shapes such as ellipse, flat yet.
The preparation method of 2 one kinds of light alloy elements of embodiment compound coating is characterized in that: described light alloy element is an aluminum alloy member, and it comprises:
(1) polishing aluminum alloy member wearing surface makes the wearing surface surfaceness more than Ra0.47;
(2) impurity such as the greasy dirt that the aluminum alloy member wearing surface surface after step (1) processing is existed, dust are cleared up;
(3) aluminum alloy member after step (2) processing is carried out differential arc oxidation Processing of Preparation ceramic coating, it is alkaline silicate-phosphate system that its differential arc oxidation is handled the electrolytic solution that adopts, and the concrete parameter that described differential arc oxidation is handled is: current density 6A/dm
2, voltage 0～600V, dutycycle 30%, frequency 800Hz, treatment temp be room temperature, treatment time 135min;
(4) aluminum alloy member after step (3) processing is adopted ultrasonic cleaning, and the non-wearing surface in aluminum alloy member surface is protected processing;
(5) the aluminum alloy member surface after step (4) processing is sprayed the Ni_Cr_Al_Y coating by plasma spraying equipment;
(6) adopt Magnetic Force Mill that the aluminum alloy member after handling by step (5) is carried out milled processed.
The example method is easy to operate, the aluminum alloy member compound coating densification of preparation, wear-resisting, corrosion-resistant, thermostability is good, the example method is not only applicable to small-sized aluminum alloy member, is applicable to the large aluminum alloy component yet; Be not only applicable to the aluminum alloy member of circle, regular shape such as square, be applicable to the aluminum alloy member of arbitrary shapes such as ellipse, flat yet.
The preparation method of 3 one kinds of light alloy elements of embodiment compound coating is characterized in that: described light alloy element is the magnesium alloy element, and it comprises:
(1) polishing magnesium alloy component abrasion face makes the wearing surface surfaceness more than Ra0.47;
(2) impurity such as the greasy dirt that the magnesium alloy component abrasion face surface after step (1) processing is existed, dust are cleared up;
(3) the magnesium alloy element after step (2) processing is carried out differential arc oxidation Processing of Preparation ceramic coating, it is alkaline silicate-phosphate system that its differential arc oxidation is handled the electrolytic solution that adopts, and the concrete parameter that described differential arc oxidation is handled is: current density 1.3A/dm
2, voltage 0～380V, dutycycle 20%, frequency 600Hz, treatment temp be 35 ℃, treatment time 50min;
(4) the magnesium alloy element after step (3) processing is adopted ultrasonic cleaning, and the non-wearing surface of magnesium alloy element surface is protected processing;
(5) the magnesium alloy element surface after step (4) processing is sprayed the Ni_Cr_Al_Y coating by plasma spraying equipment;
(6) adopt Magnetic Force Mill that the magnesium alloy element after handling by step (5) is carried out milled processed.
The example method is easy to operate, the magnesium alloy element compound coating densification of preparation, wear-resisting, corrosion-resistant, thermostability is good, the example method is not only applicable to small-sized magnesium alloy element, is applicable to large-scale magnesium alloy component yet; Be not only applicable to the magnesium alloy element of circle, regular shape such as square, be applicable to the magnesium alloy element of arbitrary shapes such as ellipse, flat yet.
The preparation method of 4 one kinds of light alloy elements of embodiment compound coating is characterized in that: described light alloy element is the titanium alloy element, and it comprises:
(1) polishing titanium alloy component abrasion face makes the wearing surface surfaceness more than Ra0.47;
(2) impurity such as the greasy dirt that the titanium alloy component abrasion face surface after step (1) processing is existed, dust are cleared up;
(3) the titanium alloy element after step (2) processing is carried out differential arc oxidation Processing of Preparation ceramic coating, it is alkaline silicate-phosphate system that its differential arc oxidation is handled the electrolytic solution that adopts, and the concrete parameter that described differential arc oxidation is handled is: current density 1.8A/dm
2, voltage 0～400V, dutycycle 30%, frequency 700Hz, treatment temp be 35 ℃, treatment time 30min;
(4) the titanium alloy element after step (3) processing is adopted ultrasonic cleaning, and the non-wearing surface of titanium alloy element surface is protected processing;
(5) the titanium alloy element surface after step (4) processing is sprayed the Ni_Cr_Al_Y coating by plasma spraying equipment, its processing parameter is: voltage 80V, electric current 510A, spray distance 100mm, argon pressure 0.8Mpa, argon flow amount 90Lh
-1, H
2Pressure 0.4Mpa, H
2Flow 16Lh
-1
(6) adopt Magnetic Force Mill that the titanium alloy element after handling by step (5) is carried out milled processed.
The example method is easy to operate, the titanium alloy element compound coating densification of preparation, wear-resisting, corrosion-resistant, thermostability is good, the example method is not only applicable to small-sized titanium alloy element, is applicable to the large titanium alloy component yet; Be not only applicable to the titanium alloy element of circle, regular shape such as square, be applicable to the titanium alloy element of arbitrary shapes such as ellipse, flat yet.
The preparation method of 5 one kinds of light alloy elements of embodiment compound coating is characterized in that: described light alloy element is an aluminum alloy member, and it comprises:
(1) is 700 purpose sand papering aluminum alloy member wearing surfaces with granularity, makes the wearing surface surfaceness more than Ra0.47;
(2) aluminum alloy member after step (1) is handled adopts the alcohol oil removing, adopts ultrasonic cleaning again, adopts the deionized water rinsing aluminum alloy member at last, clears up with impurity such as greasy dirt that aluminum alloy member wearing surface surface is existed, dusts;
(3) aluminum alloy member after step (2) processing is carried out differential arc oxidation Processing of Preparation ceramic coating, it is alkaline silicate-phosphate system that its differential arc oxidation is handled the electrolytic solution that adopts, electrolytic solution is prepared with deionized water, more than cm@25 ℃, other raw material of preparing described electrolytic solution all adopts other raw material of analytical pure level to the water quality of described deionized water at 10M Ω; The concrete parameter that described differential arc oxidation is handled is: current density 4A/dm
2, voltage 0～600V dutycycle 50%, frequency 700Hz, treatment temp be 35 ℃, treatment time 150min;
(4) adopt dehydrated alcohol to clean 10 minutes the aluminum alloy member after step (3) processing, adopt deionized water to carry out ultrasonic cleaning 20 minutes again, adopt high temperature gummed tape to paste, wrap up non-wearing surface at last, be used for the non-wearing surface in aluminum alloy member surface is protected processing;
(5) aluminum alloy member after step (4) processing is carried out thermal pretreatment under 125 ℃ of conditions, and sprayed the Ni_Cr_Al_Y coating on described aluminum alloy member surface by plasma spraying equipment within after the described thermal pretreatment 1 minute, its processing parameter is: voltage 80V, electric current 520A, spray distance 100mm, argon pressure 0.8Mpa, argon flow amount 90Lh
-1, H
2Pressure 0.4Mpa, H
2Flow 16Lh
-1
(6) adopt Magnetic Force Mill that the aluminum alloy member after handling by step (5) is carried out milled processed.
The preparation method of 6 one kinds of light alloy elements of embodiment compound coating is characterized in that: described light alloy element is an aluminum alloy member, and it comprises:
(1) adopting granularity is 600 purpose sand papering aluminum alloy member wearing surfaces, makes the wearing surface surfaceness more than Ra0.47;
(2) aluminum alloy member after handling by above-mentioned steps (1) is adopted the ethyl acetate oil removing, adopt ultrasonic cleaning again, adopt deionized water that aluminum alloy member is washed at last;
(3) will carry out differential arc oxidation Processing of Preparation ceramic coating by the aluminum alloy member after above-mentioned steps (2) processing; Described differential arc oxidation is treated to: the aluminum alloy member clamping is handled on the frock at differential arc oxidation, make aluminum alloy member and frock mortise, the aluminum alloy member that clamping is good is put into the differential arc oxidation electrolyzer and is carried out the differential arc oxidation processing, electrolytic solution is alkaline silicate-phosphate system, and the parameter that described differential arc oxidation is handled is: current density 6A/dm
2, voltage 0～600V, dutycycle 30%, frequency 1000Hz, treatment temp be 30 ℃, treatment time 120min;
(4) at first adopt ethyl acetate that the aluminum alloy member coating after handling through the described differential arc oxidation of above-mentioned steps (3) was cleaned 16 minutes, adopt deionized water to carry out ultrasonic cleaning 25 minutes again, adopt aluminium sheet to paste, wrap up non-wearing surface;
(5) will under 140 ℃ of conditions, carry out thermal pretreatment by the aluminum alloy member after above-mentioned steps (4) processing, and within after the described thermal pretreatment 1 minute, described aluminum alloy member be sprayed Ni_Cr_Cr by plasma spraying equipment
3C
2Coating, its processing parameter is: voltage 75V, electric current 500A, spray distance 100mm, argon pressure 0.7Mpa, argon flow amount 80Lh
-1, H
2Pressure 0.4Mpa, H
2Flow 15Lh
-1
(6) aluminum alloy member after handling by above-mentioned steps (5) is carried out ultrasonic oil removing, adopt Magnetic Force Mill that it is carried out milled processed again, reach more than the Ra0.08 through the surfaceness of coating after the milled processed.
Aluminum alloy member compound coating by the example method preparation, make the aluminium alloy abrasion-resistant coatings through the wearing test of 7200s (with reference to Fig. 2, described compound coating is wear-resistant test synoptic diagram) after, frictional coefficient is 0.0179 (with reference to Fig. 3, according to GB11834-2000, there is the aluminum alloy member of described compound coating to carry out the frictional coefficient and the test period graph of a relation of wearing test test to preparation, test conditions is: to the mill part is spheroidal graphite cast iron, lubricating oil is rather oil of used for automobile air conditioning section, test temperature is 29 ℃ ± 0.5 ℃ of a room temp), abrasion loss is that 0.0042g is (with reference to Fig. 4, for the aluminum alloy member that preparation is had described compound coating is carried out the abrasion loss of wearing test test and the graph of a relation of test pressure), the 7200s wear rate is 6.7 * 10
-4, it is that 5% NaCl salt mist experiment reaches more than the 640h that described compound coating can satisfy concentration; With reference to Fig. 1, fine and close by the aluminium alloy compound coating of the inventive method preparation as can be known.
The example method is easy to operate, the aluminum alloy member compound coating densification of preparation, wear-resisting, corrosion-resistant, thermostability is good, the example method is not only applicable to small-sized light alloy element, is applicable to large-scale light alloy component yet; Be not only applicable to the light alloy element of circle, regular shape such as square, be applicable to the light alloy element of arbitrary shapes such as ellipse, flat yet.
In the method that the foregoing description 6 provides, we can also do other to wherein each kind of condition and select can obtain equally aluminium alloy compound coating of the present invention.In the following embodiments, if not otherwise specified, the parameters condition is all identical with previous embodiment 6 in the table.
Certainly, the ethyl acetate of using in step (2) and the step (4), can also replace using with dehydrated alcohol, with sand papering aluminum alloy member wearing surface, can be by the sand papering of corresponding granularity among the embodiment 6～11, can also polish to wearing surface with sand paper from coarse to fine, such as, by 300～800 purpose sand paper, earlier with 300 order sand paperings, use thinner sand papering then, use 800 sand papering at last.
The aluminum alloy member compound coating of embodiment 7～11 preparations, through the wearing test of 7200s (with reference to Fig. 2, described compound coating is wear-resistant test synoptic diagram) after, (test conditions according to the test of GB11834-2000 wearing test is: to the mill part is spheroidal graphite cast iron to frictional coefficient average out to 0.0179, lubricating oil is rather oil of used for automobile air conditioning section, test temperature is 29 ℃ ± 0.5 ℃ of a room temp), abrasion loss average out to 0.0042g, 7200s wear rate average out to 6.7 * 10
-4, it is that 5% NaCl salt mist experiment reaches more than the 640h that described compound coating all can satisfy concentration.
The preparation method of embodiment 12～17 a kind of light alloy element compound coating, it is characterized in that: described light alloy is an aluminium alloy, its concrete steps and processing parameter respectively with respective embodiments 6～11 (such as embodiment 12 with embodiment 6, embodiment 13 is with embodiment 7, by that analogy), different is: with the ethyl acetate of using in step (2) and the step (4), replace using with dehydrated alcohol; With spraying Ni_Cr_Cr in the step (5)
3C
2Coating replaces with spraying Ni_Cr_Al_Y coating, and its processing parameter is: electric current 460A, and voltage 75V, spray distance 100mm, argon pressure are 0.7MPa, flow is 70Lh
-1, hydrogen pressure is 0.4Mpa, flow is 15Lh
-1
The preparation method of 18 1 kinds of light alloy elements of embodiment compound coating, it is characterized in that: described light alloy is a magnesium alloy, and it comprises:
(1) will cast or mach magnesium alloy element puts dimensioned in place by machine-tooled method, and need leave the size surplus of preparation abrasion-resistant coatings, and at magnesium alloy element surface processing and loading clamp technology screw; To the pre-treatment of magnesium alloy component abrasion face, the wearing surface of magnesium alloy element is adopted sand paper order polishing from coarse to fine, by 300 order sand papering to 800 order sand paper (earlier with 300 order sand paperings, use thinner sand papering then, use 800 sand papering at last);
(2) the magnesium alloy element after handling by above-mentioned steps (1) is adopted the ethyl acetate oil removing, adopt ultrasonic cleaning again, adopt deionized water that the magnesium alloy element is washed at last;
(3) will carry out differential arc oxidation Processing of Preparation ceramic coating by the magnesium alloy element after above-mentioned steps (2) processing; Described differential arc oxidation is treated to: magnesium alloy element clamping is handled on the frock at differential arc oxidation, make magnesium alloy element and frock mortise, the magnesium alloy element that clamping is good is put into the differential arc oxidation electrolyzer and is carried out the differential arc oxidation processing, electrolytic solution is alkaline silicate-phosphate system, current density 1.4A/dm
2, voltage is 0～380V, frequency is 1000Hz, dutycycle 30%, 35 ℃ of treatment temps, treatment time 120min;
(4) at first adopt ethyl acetate that the magnesium alloy after handling through the described differential arc oxidation of above-mentioned steps (3) is carried out ultrasonic cleaning, adopt aluminium sheet to paste, wrap up non-wearing surface;
(5) will spray Ni_Cr_Cr by plasma spraying equipment by the magnesium alloy element after above-mentioned steps (4) processing
3C
2Coating, its processing parameter is: electric current 500A, voltage 75V, spray distance 100mm, argon pressure are 0.7MPa, flow is 80Lh
-1, hydrogen pressure is 0.4Mpa, flow is 15Lh
-1
(6) adopt Magnetic Force Mill that it is carried out milled processed to the magnesium alloy element after handling by above-mentioned steps (5), reach more than the Ra0.08 through the surfaceness of coating after the milled processed.
Claims (10)
1. the preparation method of a light alloy element compound coating, it is characterized in that: it comprises:
(1) polishing light alloy component abrasion face makes the wearing surface surfaceness more than Ra0.47;
(2) impurity such as the greasy dirt that the light alloy component abrasion face surface after step (1) processing is existed, dust are cleared up;
(3) the light alloy element after step (2) processing is carried out differential arc oxidation Processing of Preparation ceramic coating;
(4) the light alloy element after step (3) processing is adopted ultrasonic cleaning, and the non-wearing surface of light alloy element surface is protected processing;
(5) the light alloy element surface after step (4) processing is sprayed Ni_Cr_Cr by plasma spraying equipment
3C
2Coating or Ni_Cr_Al_Y coating;
(6) adopt Magnetic Force Mill that the light alloy element after handling by step (5) is carried out milled processed;
Described light alloy element is aluminum alloy member, magnesium alloy element or titanium alloy element.
2. the preparation method of light alloy element compound coating as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that:
It is alkaline silicate-phosphate system that differential arc oxidation described in the step (3) is handled the electrolytic solution that adopts;
When described light alloy was aluminium alloy, the parameter that its differential arc oxidation is handled was: current density 4～6A/dm
2, voltage 0～600V, dutycycle 30～50%, frequency 700～1000Hz, treatment temp be room temperature～35 ℃, treatment time 90～150min;
When described light alloy was magnesium alloy, the parameter that its differential arc oxidation is handled was: current density 1.3A/dm
2, voltage 0～380V, dutycycle 20%, frequency 600～800Hz, treatment temp be room temperature～35 ℃, treatment time 50～80min;
When described light alloy was titanium alloy, the parameter that its differential arc oxidation is handled was: current density 1.8A/dm
2, voltage 0～400V, dutycycle 30%, frequency 700～900Hz, treatment temp be room temperature～35 ℃, treatment time 30～50min.
3. the preparation method of light alloy element compound coating as claimed in claim 1 or 2 is characterized in that:
Step sprays Ni_Cr_Cr described in (5)
3C
2Coating, its processing parameter is: voltage 75V, electric current 460～500A, spray distance 100mm, argon pressure 0.7Mpa, argon flow amount 80Lh
-1, H
2Pressure 0.4Mpa, H
2Flow 15Lh
-1
The Ni_Cr_Al_Y of spraying described in the step (5) coating, its processing parameter is: voltage 80V, electric current 500～520A, spray distance 100mm, argon pressure 0.8Mpa, argon flow amount 90Lh
-1, H
2Pressure 0.4Mpa, H
2Flow 16Lh
-1
4. the preparation method of light alloy element compound coating as claimed in claim 1 or 2 is characterized in that: when described light alloy was aluminium alloy, the parameter that described differential arc oxidation is handled was: current density 6A/dm
2, voltage 0～600V, dutycycle 30～50%, frequency 700～1000Hz, treatment temp be room temperature～35 ℃, treatment time 120～150min.
5. the preparation method of light alloy element compound coating as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that: when described light alloy was aluminium alloy, the parameter that described differential arc oxidation is handled was: current density 6A/dm
2, voltage 0～600V, dutycycle 30～50%, frequency 700～1000Hz, treatment temp be room temperature～35 ℃, treatment time 120～150min.
6. the preparation method of light alloy element compound coating as claimed in claim 4, it is characterized in that: described by before the plasma spraying equipment spray-on coating, described aluminum alloy member is carried out thermal pretreatment under 100～150 ℃ of conditions, and within after the described thermal pretreatment 1 minute, described aluminum alloy member is carried out plasma spraying and handle.
7. the preparation method of light alloy element compound coating as claimed in claim 5, it is characterized in that: described by before the plasma spraying equipment spray-on coating, described aluminum alloy member is carried out thermal pretreatment under 100～150 ℃ of conditions, and within after the described thermal pretreatment 1 minute, described aluminum alloy member is carried out plasma spraying and handle.
8. the preparation method of light alloy element compound coating as claimed in claim 6 is characterized in that:
Polishing described in the step (1) adopts sand paper that wearing surface is polished, and the sand paper granularity is below 800 orders;
Impurity such as the greasy dirt that the surface of light alloy component abrasion face described in the step (2) exists, dust are cleared up, and adopt alcohol or ethyl acetate oil removing, adopt ultrasonic cleaning again, adopt deionized water that the light alloy element is washed at last;
Differential arc oxidation described in the step (3) is handled the electrolytic solution that adopts and is prepared with deionized water, and more than cm@25 ℃, other raw material of preparing described electrolytic solution all adopts other raw material of analytical pure level to its water quality requirement of described deionized water at 10M Ω;
In the step (4): described the non-wearing surface of light alloy element surface is protected processing, adopt high temperature gummed tape or aluminium sheet to paste, wrap up non-wearing surface; Described ultrasonic cleaning at first adopts ethyl acetate or dehydrated alcohol that the coating after handling through described differential arc oxidation was cleaned more than 10 minutes, adopts deionized water to carry out ultrasonic cleaning more than 20 minutes again.
9. the preparation method of light alloy element compound coating as claimed in claim 7 is characterized in that:
Polishing described in the step (1) adopts sand paper that wearing surface is polished, and the sand paper granularity is below 800 orders;
Impurity such as the greasy dirt that the surface of light alloy component abrasion face described in the step (2) exists, dust are cleared up, and adopt alcohol or ethyl acetate oil removing, adopt ultrasonic cleaning again, adopt deionized water that the light alloy element is washed at last;
Differential arc oxidation described in the step (3) is handled the electrolytic solution that adopts and is prepared with deionized water, and more than cm@25 ℃, other raw material of preparing described electrolytic solution all adopts other raw material of analytical pure level to its water quality requirement of described deionized water at 10M Ω;
In the step (4): described the non-wearing surface of light alloy element surface is protected processing, adopt high temperature gummed tape or aluminium sheet to paste, wrap up non-wearing surface; Described ultrasonic cleaning at first adopts ethyl acetate or dehydrated alcohol that the coating after handling through described differential arc oxidation was cleaned more than 10 minutes, adopts deionized water to carry out ultrasonic cleaning more than 20 minutes again.
10. the preparation method of light alloy element compound coating as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: described light alloy is an aluminium alloy, and it comprises:
(1) adopts the sand papering aluminum alloy member wearing surface of granularity below 800 orders, make the wearing surface surfaceness more than Ra0.47;
(2) aluminum alloy member after handling by above-mentioned steps (1) is adopted alcohol or ethyl acetate oil removing, adopt ultrasonic cleaning again, adopt deionized water that aluminum alloy member is washed at last;
(3) will carry out differential arc oxidation Processing of Preparation ceramic coating by the aluminum alloy member after above-mentioned steps (2) processing; Described differential arc oxidation is treated to: the aluminum alloy member clamping is handled on the frock at differential arc oxidation, make aluminum alloy member and frock mortise, the aluminum alloy member that clamping is good is put into the differential arc oxidation electrolyzer and is carried out the differential arc oxidation processing, electrolytic solution is alkaline silicate-phosphate system, and the parameter that described differential arc oxidation is handled is: current density 6A/dm
2, voltage 0～600V, dutycycle 30～50%, frequency 700～1000Hz, treatment temp be room temperature～35 ℃, treatment time 120～150min;
(4) at first adopt ethyl acetate or dehydrated alcohol to clean more than 10 minutes to the aluminum alloy member coating after handling through the described differential arc oxidation of above-mentioned steps (3), adopt deionized water to carry out ultrasonic cleaning more than 20 minutes again, adopt high temperature gummed tape or aluminium sheet to paste, wrap up non-wearing surface;
(5) will under 100～150 ℃ of conditions, carry out thermal pretreatment by the aluminum alloy member after above-mentioned steps (4) processing, and within after the described thermal pretreatment 1 minute, described aluminum alloy member be sprayed Ni_Cr_Cr by plasma spraying equipment
3C
2Coating or Ni_Cr_Al_Y coating, spraying Ni_Cr_Cr
3C
2The processing parameter of coating is: voltage 75V, electric current 460～500A, spray distance 100mm, argon pressure 0.7Mpa, argon flow amount 80Lh
-1, H
2Pressure 0.4Mpa, H
2Flow 15Lh
-1The processing parameter of spraying Ni_Cr_Al_Y coating is: voltage 80V, electric current 500～520A, spray distance 100mm, argon pressure 0.8Mpa, argon flow amount 90Lh
-1, H
2Pressure 0.4Mpa, H
2Flow 16Lh
-1
(6) aluminum alloy member after handling by above-mentioned steps (5) is carried out ultrasonic oil removing, adopt Magnetic Force Mill that it is carried out milled processed again.
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