CN102149492B - Method for the continuous casting of a metal strand - Google Patents

Method for the continuous casting of a metal strand Download PDF

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CN102149492B
CN102149492B CN200980118623.6A CN200980118623A CN102149492B CN 102149492 B CN102149492 B CN 102149492B CN 200980118623 A CN200980118623 A CN 200980118623A CN 102149492 B CN102149492 B CN 102149492B
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continuous casting
casting billet
strand
considering
metal
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CN102149492A (en
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K·迪滕伯格
U·费施尔
K·豪瑟
W·基布勒
P·彭纳斯托尔弗
H·瓦尔
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Primetals Technologies Austria GmbH
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Siemens VAI Metals Technologies GmbH Austria
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22DCASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/12Accessories for subsequent treating or working cast stock in situ
    • B22D11/1206Accessories for subsequent treating or working cast stock in situ for plastic shaping of strands
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22DCASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/16Controlling or regulating processes or operations
    • B22D11/20Controlling or regulating processes or operations for removing cast stock

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for the continuous casting of a metal strand in a continuous casting plant, a strand being withdrawn from an in-line die, supported in a strand support unit, cooled by a coolant and optionally metallurgically reduced, thermodynamic changes in the entire strand being calculated in a mathematical model containing a thermal conduction equation. The aim of the invention is to provide a method which can be used to improve the product quality of a metal strand, for example by reducing the porosity and/or liquation and by improving the surface quality and form stability. Said aim is achieved by a method, according to which the natural shrinkage of the strand is calculated in real time in the mathematical simulation model, taking into consideration the physical parameters of the metal, the temperature in the casting distributor, the frequently measured withdrawal speed, the cooling of the strand and the thickness of the strand and strand guide rollers of the strand support unit, said rollers being placed against the strand, are set by taking into consideration the natural shrinkage of the metal strand.

Description

The method of continuous casting of metal continuous casting billet
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method, be used for continuous casting of metal continuous casting billet in continuous casting installation for casting.
Particularly, the present invention relates to a kind of method, be used for continuous casting of metal continuous casting billet in continuous casting installation for casting (especially steel continuous casting billet), the continuous casting billet wherein with the fluidised form core being surrounded by continuous casting billet shell pulls out from cooling straight-through crystallizer, and be supported on and be connected on straight-through crystallizer continuous casting billet bracing or strutting arrangement below, and undertaken cooling by cooling agent, also carry out if desired the attenuate on metallurgy, wherein the common thermodynamic (al) state variation of calculating whole continuous casting billet in the mathematical simulation model that comprises heat conduction equation.
Background technology
The method of known a kind of continuous casting of metal continuous casting billet from DE 4417808 A1, the continuous casting billet in the method with the fluidised form core being surrounded by continuous casting billet shell pulls out from cooling crystallizer, and then be supported on continuous casting billet bracing or strutting arrangement, and undertaken cooling by cooling agent.The state variation occurring in the process of continuous casting process is that whole continuous casting billet calculates in real time jointly by the mathematical simulation model that comprises heat conduction equation, and adjusts the cooling of continuous casting billet according to the thermodynamic (al) state variation of calculating.
The method of known a kind of continuous casting from DE 10122118 A1, in the method, metal strand pulls out from crystallizer, and be supported on continuous casting billet bracing or strutting arrangement, and undertaken cooling by cooling agent, and carry out the attenuate on metallurgy by least one pair of continuous casting billet guide rollers, be to reduce the reduced thickness as form take liquid core particularly.
Professional is also known, and metal strand can experience shrink in the time of continuous casting in process of setting, and the size of continuous casting billet can change.The degree that the continuous casting billet occurring shrinks is relevant with the operational factor of continuous casting installation for casting, and for example the physical parameter of metal to be cast, cast temperature, casting rate, thickness of strand or continuous casting billet are cooling.
The spacing that the operational factor of the continuous casting installation for casting occurring in continuous casting process changes the continuous casting billet guide rollers of (variation that for example casting rate or continuous casting billet are cooling) relative continuous casting billet bracing or strutting arrangement is still left in the basket, and causes reducing the quality of metal strand.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is, create a kind of method of aforementioned type, for example pass through to reduce porous and/or segregation by the method, and by improving surface quality and/or shape retention, can further improve the product quality of metal strand.
This object is achieved by the method for aforementioned type, wherein in the physical parameter, metal of considering metal the cooling and thickness of strand of temperature, the pull-out speed of continuous measurement, the continuous casting billet in casting distributor, in mathematical simulation model, jointly calculate in real time the natural shrinking of continuous casting billet, and in the case of considering the natural shrinking of metal strand, that adjusts continuous casting billet bracing or strutting arrangement is reliably incorporated into the continuous casting billet guide rollers on continuous casting billet.
In the time calculating the natural shrinking of continuous casting billet, the cooling and thickness of strand of temperature, the pull-out speed of continuous measurement, continuous casting billet in the physical parameter, metal of considering metal in casting distributor, numerical solution heat conduction equation in real time in mathematical simulation model.For this reason, continuous casting billet is discrete, for example split into many volume elements, and in the situation that considering initial conditions and boundary condition by process computer be many discrete period of element solve heat conduction equation, therefore whole continuous casting billet has produced time dependent humidity province.The thermal expansivity relevant with variations in temperature of continuous casting billet is called natural shrinking.After the thermodynamic (al) state variation of known each discrete element from the solving of heat conduction equation, the natural shrinking of each element for example can be from volumetric expansion or shrinking calculation out.If metal strand should further not carry out the attenuate on metallurgy, the spacing that is reliably combined in the continuous casting billet guide rollers on continuous casting billet regulates like this in thickness of strand direction, and this spacing is followed the natural shrinking of metal strand on continuous casting billet pull-out direction.
By two other favourable embodiment of method of the present invention be, in the case of considering the natural shrinking of metal strand, metal strand carries out the attenuate on further metallurgy in continuous casting billet bracing or strutting arrangement, and for example liquid core reduces, gently reduces (especially Dynamic Light reduces) or surface treatment.Liquid core reduces and gently reduces professional is known, therefore no longer sets forth the attenuate on this metallurgy.From EP 1289691 B1, draw equally, in continuous casting billet bracing or strutting arrangement, metal strand is carried out to the surface treatment on metallurgy.By considering that the natural shrinking of metal strand can guarantee, can be on all operating points of continuous casting process (rather than as prior art on an operating point) carry out in an advantageous manner the attenuate on further metallurgy.
If considering the variable density relevant with temperature of metal strand, numerical solution heat conduction equation in mathematical simulation model, can implement by method of the present invention with especially accurately and therefore favourable mode and method.Professional is known, and the variable density of metal is relevant with temperature to a great extent.Therefore for example in continuous casting process, (temperature of molten steel in casting distributor) about 7000kg/m in the time of 1550 ℃ 3steel density rises to (continuous casting billet solidifying) about 7800kg/m in the time of 300 ℃ 3.
By another favourable embodiment of method of the present invention be, in the time considering the variable density relevant with temperature of metal strand, in the time of numerical solution heat conduction equation, use the approximate equation of enthalpy, this equation has accurate quality and accurate enthalpy for whole continuous casting billet.Can guarantee by this embodiment, can be correctly not only about quality but also calculate the natural shrinking of metal strand about enthalpy, therefore can guarantee to solve and there is especially high accuracy, i.e. thermodynamic (al) state variation and natural shrinking.
If the computation model that mathematical simulation model comprises the formation of having described the tissue of expecting in metal strand, especially in an advantageous manner, by using the continuous phase transition model of pressing Avrami (Avrami), in by method of the present invention, advantageously considered development and the transformation between different tissues form.
By in another especially favourable structural scheme of method of the present invention, in the case of the thermodynamic (al) state variation of considering to calculate, regulate continuous casting billet cooling.By this measure, can guarantee that metal strand has very high product quality, because it is cooling that metal strand carries out in the situation that considering thermodynamic (al) state variation, and in the time adjusting the spacing of continuous casting billet guide rollers, also together consider that natural continuous casting billet shrinks.
In the time that casting has the metal strand of square billet, bloom, slab or sheet billet cross section of arbitrary dimension, can use without restriction by method of the present invention, to improve the quality of the metal strand of casting out.
By another favourable structural scheme of method of the present invention be, can adjust like this continuous casting billet guide rollers being reliably combined on continuous casting billet, the thickness of continuous casting billet is equivalent to rated value as far as possible.By this structural scheme of the method, can adjust like this can closing continuous casting billet guide rollers, be this thickness continuous casting billet pull-out direction really on allocation (for example, in the definite guide rollers at continuous casting billet bracing or strutting arrangement) be equivalent to as far as possible thickness rated value (being the target thickness of continuous casting billet), therefore continuous casting billet just can reach very high thickness accuracy in the time of continuous casting.
An embodiment is, by control strategy, and in the case of considering the natural shrinking of rated value and continuous casting billet, controller is determined controlled quentity controlled variable, this controlled quentity controlled variable is transported to the continuous casting billet guide rollers that at least one can closing, and therefore the thickness of continuous casting billet is equivalent to rated value as far as possible.In this embodiment, this controller or take the thickness of strand that calculates as starting point, or take the thickness of strand measured as starting point.In the first situation, the thickness calculating be used for determine controlled quentity controlled variable, therefore the spacing between thickness of strand or continuous casting billet guide rollers needn't detect individually.
In the second situation, thickness of strand detects by measurement mechanism, and is transferred in controller, wherein in the case of the thickness of strand of considering to detect, determines controlled quentity controlled variable.By this control method, thickness of strand can reach very high precision.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Never in the following description of the embodiment limiting, draw other advantage of the present invention and feature, wherein with reference to the following drawings, wherein:
Fig. 1 there is shown continuous casting installation for casting in schematic side-looking;
Fig. 2 show in the diagram continuous casting billet bracing or strutting arrangement can hydraulic pressure closing section.
The specific embodiment
Steel continuous casting billet 1 is formed by being cast in cooling straight-through crystallizer 3 by the molten steel 2 with specific chemical analysis.This molten steel 2 injects straight-through crystallizer 3 from steel ladle 4 by intermediate receptacle 5 and cast tubes 6, and this cast tubes 6 is under intermediate receptacle 5 extends to the casting liquid level forming straight-through crystallizer 3.Below straight-through crystallizer 3, be provided with the continuous casting billet guide rollers 7 of continuous casting billet bracing or strutting arrangement, be used for supporting steel continuous casting billet 1, this steel continuous casting billet 1 has the also core 8 of fluidised form, also has very thin continuous casting billet shell 9 when beginning.Buckled zone 10, proceed in arc orbit 11 with straight axis steel continuous casting billet 1 out from straight-through crystallizer, and supported by continuous casting billet guide rollers 7, this continuous casting billet guide rollers 7 be arranged on multiple can the section 13 of hydraulic pressure closing on.Being connected in arc orbit 11 aligning district 12 below, steel continuous casting billet 1 line oriented coming by discharging roller-way output again, or directly carry out online reduced thickness, for example, by the rolling-mill housing of online setting.For cooling steel continuous casting billet 1, it is undertaken coolingly by being provided with inner colded continuous casting billet guide rollers 7 directly or indirectly, therefore steel continuous casting billet 1 can be adjusted to certain temperature.The metal structure of expecting for steel continuous casting billet 1 being provided to steel continuous casting billet 1 by close loop control circuit by process computer 14 is necessary amount of coolant.Considering in the case of the thermodynamic state of line computation changes, cooling by applicant's the known this continuous casting billet of DE 4417818 A1.In the input block of process computer 14, for example also can input the thing amount parameter of steel 2, for example density, specific heat capacity and heat conductivity, and thickness of strand, the measured value of thickness of strand in section 13 and the casting rate of continuous measurement in the cooling parameter of other continuous casting billets, roller spacing, continuous casting billet width, crystallizer.By the simulation model of mathematics, the computation model that it comprises on heat conduction equation and metallurgy is used for considering by the phase transformation power of Avrami, calculates the cooling specified water yield of continuous casting billet in process computer 14.Steel continuous casting billet 1 is controllably cooling in each section, wherein cooling water inflow passes through respectively the cooling valve of continuous casting billet (in Fig. 1 in the single cooling zone of section, in section, only show a valve for vision is clear) regulate, this valve is the output unit control of processed computer 14 again.From the solving of heat conduction equation, also by formula
dV=β·V 0·dT
Can calculate the volume contraction of the steel continuous casting billet 1 causing due to thermodynamic (al) state variation, wherein
The β coefficient of cubical expansion
The volume of V element
V 0volume under reference temperature
T temperature
If steel continuous casting billet 1 should not stand the attenuate on further metallurgy, for example liquid core reduces, gently reduces or the surface treatment of continuous casting billet, the spacing that is reliably combined in the continuous casting billet guide rollers 7 on continuous casting billet of section 13 is adjusted to the thickness of strand of calculating by one or more hydraulic cylinders 15, in the situation that considering natural shrinking.If but steel continuous casting billet should carry out the attenuate on further metallurgy,, in the situation that considering natural shrinking, should be superimposed on the thickness of strand of calculating to the varied in thickness of attenuate necessity.
Preferably, in the case of considering the variable density relevant with temperature of steel continuous casting billet, calculate the thermodynamic (al) state variation of steel continuous casting billet 1 by heat conduction equation.The heat conduction equation of two dimension is for example
( ∂ E trans ( x → , t ) ∂ t + v cast ( t ) ∂ E trans ( x → , t ) ∂ z ) = ∂ 2 u ( x → , t ) ∂ x 2 + ∂ 2 u ( x → , t ) ∂ y 2
Wherein
The t time (second)
Coordinate in x thickness of strand direction
Coordinate on y continuous casting billet pull-out direction
Figure BPA00001258072700061
the partial derivative of time t
Figure BPA00001258072700062
the partial derivative of position x, y
Figure BPA00001258072700063
position vector in rectangular coordinate system
Figure BPA00001258072700064
on the x of position in the time of time t the enthalpy relevant with quality
The nondimensional dummy variable of ξ
u ( x → , t ) = ∫ T ref T ( x → , t ) λ ( ξ ) · dξ
Figure BPA00001258072700066
temperature on the x of position in the time of time t
Figure BPA00001258072700067
the enthalpy relevant with quality converting in the time of time t on the x of position
Irrelevant by the dimension of method of the present invention and heat conduction equation, therefore also can be without restriction and for example, together with the equation (three-dimensional equation) of other dimension use.
Advantageously, used two expression formulas for the enthalpy in the correct conversion of the overall situation aspect quality and enthalpy
Figure BPA00001258072700068
On freezing point, expression formula is
E trans ( x → , t ) = ∫ T ref T ( x · , t ) [ ρ ( ξ ) · E · mass ( ξ ) - ρ · ( ξ ) ( E mass ( T iund ) - E mass ( ξ ) ) ] dξ .
On the contrary, under freezing point, use expression formula below
E trans ( x → , t ) = ∫ T ref T ( x · , t ) ρ ( ξ ) · E · mass ( ξ ) · dξ
T refrepresentative arbitrarily but constant reference temperature (normally 25 ℃)
T iundthe temperature [° K] of the metal of representative in casting liquid level
represent the time-derivative of the enthalpy relevant with quality
Simply, heat conduction equation transforms to Largrangian coordinates
Figure BPA000012580727000612
upper, that is to say, by observing with the mobile observer of continuous casting billet pull-out motion.Heat conduction equation in Largrangian coordinates can for example, solve by the standard method of numerical mathematics (finite volume method).
Fig. 2 at length shows adjustable section 13 of continuous casting billet bracing or strutting arrangement.Concerning each section 13, parallel (as shown in the figure) or the tapered profiles of the thickness of strand of adjustable steel continuous casting billet 1.At this, by hydraulic pressure closing section 13, the thickness of strand of adjustable steel continuous casting billet 1 is wherein measured physical location in the displacement measurement system of hydraulic cylinder 15, and therefore also measure the spacing between the continuous casting billet guide rollers 7 of relatively putting, and be delivered in process computer.This process computer 14 by heat conduction equation solve calculate natural continuous casting billet and shrink, and consider that this continuous casting billet shrinks concrete in the situation that in the time of the attenuate (being the LCR attenuate with fluidised form core 8) carrying out on next step metallurgy, and the therefore nominal thickness of steel continuous casting billet 1 given in advance.From unshowned positioner, by thickness of strand specified-actual specific, can calculate controlled quentity controlled variable and be delivered on electro-hydraulic valve, this electro-hydraulic valve is subordinated to hydraulic cylinder 15.In principle, section 13 is applied to natural continuous casting billet contraction in order to adjust continuous casting billet guide rollers 7 on the one hand again, can in continuous casting billet bracing or strutting arrangement, naturally realize by the relevant position of roller 7 on the other hand the attenuate on all metallurgy.Continuous casting billet 1 is crossed in the lower part that continuous casting billet guide rollers 7 is supported on section framework 17 at lateral surface, is supported in the upper part of section framework 16 by continuous casting billet guide rollers 7 at the medial surface of continuous casting billet.The pull-out direction of steel continuous casting billet 1 represents by arrow.
List of numerals
1 steel continuous casting billet
2 molten steel
3 straight-through crystallizers
4 steel ladle
5 intermediate receptacles
6 cast tubes
7 continuous casting billet guide rollers
The core of 8 fluidised forms
9 continuous casting billet shells
10 buckled zones
11 arc orbits
12 aligning districts
The section of 13 continuous casting billet bracing or strutting arrangements
14 process computers
15 hydraulic cylinders
The upper part of 16 section frameworks
The lower part of 17 section frameworks

Claims (15)

1. one kind is used for the method for in continuous casting installation for casting continuous casting of metal continuous casting billet, the continuous casting billet wherein with the fluidised form core being surrounded by continuous casting billet shell pulls out from cooling straight-through crystallizer, and be supported on and be connected in straight-through crystallizer continuous casting billet bracing or strutting arrangement below, and undertaken cooling by cooling agent, the wherein common thermodynamic (al) state variation of calculating whole continuous casting billet in the mathematical simulation model that comprises heat conduction equation, it is characterized in that, in the physical parameter of considering metal, the temperature of metal in casting distributor, the pull-out speed of continuous measurement, in the situation of the cooling and thickness of strand of continuous casting billet, in mathematical simulation model, jointly calculate in real time the natural shrinking of continuous casting billet, and in the case of considering the natural shrinking of metal strand, that adjusts continuous casting billet bracing or strutting arrangement is reliably incorporated into the continuous casting billet guide rollers on continuous casting billet, if wherein continuous casting billet should not stand the attenuate on further metallurgy, the spacing that is reliably combined in the continuous casting billet guide rollers on continuous casting billet is adjusted to the thickness of strand of calculating in the situation that considering natural shrinking, if continuous casting billet should carry out the attenuate on further metallurgy, in the situation that considering natural shrinking, should be superimposed on the thickness of strand of calculating to the varied in thickness of attenuate necessity, wherein continuous casting billet is discrete and in the situation that considering initial conditions and boundary condition by process computer be multiple discrete period of element solve heat conduction equation, therefore whole continuous casting billet has produced time dependent humidity province, and after the thermodynamic (al) state variation of known each discrete element from the solving of heat conduction equation, the natural shrinking of each element can be from volumetric expansion or shrinking calculation out.
2. by method claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described continuous casting billet carries out the attenuate on metallurgy.
3. by method claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that, in the case of considering the natural shrinking of metal strand, metal strand carries out the attenuate on described metallurgy in continuous casting billet bracing or strutting arrangement.
4. by method claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that, as the attenuate on metallurgy, or gently reduce, or carry out the surface treatment of metal strand.
5. by method claimed in claim 4, it is characterized in that, carry out liquid core and reduce as gently reducing.
6. by method claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, in the case of the variable density relevant with temperature of considering metal strand, numerical solution heat conduction equation in mathematical simulation model.
7. by method claimed in claim 6, it is characterized in that, in the time of numerical solution heat conduction equation, in the case of considering the variable density relevant with temperature of metal strand, use the approximate equation of enthalpy, this equation has accurate quality and accurate enthalpy for whole continuous casting billet.
8. by the method described in any one in claim 1,6 and 7, it is characterized in that, mathematical simulation model comprises computation model, and this computation model has been described the formation of the tissue of expecting in metal strand.
9. by the method described in any one in claim 1,6 and 7, it is characterized in that, in mathematical simulation model, be integrated with the phase transition model of metal.
10. by the method described in any one in claim 1 to 7, it is characterized in that, in the case of the thermodynamic (al) state variation of considering to calculate, regulate continuous casting billet cooling.
11. by the method described in any one in claim 1 to 7, it is characterized in that, the continuous casting billet guide rollers being reliably incorporated on continuous casting billet is so set, and makes the thickness of continuous casting billet be equivalent to as far as possible rated value.
12. by the method described in claim 11, it is characterized in that, by control strategy, and in the case of considering the natural shrinking of rated value and continuous casting billet, controller is determined controlled quentity controlled variable, this controlled quentity controlled variable is transported to the continuous casting billet guide rollers that at least one can closing, thereby makes the thickness of continuous casting billet be equivalent to as far as possible rated value.
13. by the method described in claim 12, it is characterized in that, thickness of strand detects by measurement mechanism, and is transferred in controller, wherein in the case of the thickness of strand of considering to detect, determines controlled quentity controlled variable.
14. by method claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described metal strand is steel continuous casting billet.
15. by method claimed in claim 9, it is characterized in that, is integrated with continuous in the phase transition model of Avrami in mathematical simulation model.
CN200980118623.6A 2008-05-21 2009-04-22 Method for the continuous casting of a metal strand Active CN102149492B (en)

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ATA816/2008 2008-05-21
ATA816/2008A AT506976B1 (en) 2008-05-21 2008-05-21 METHOD FOR CONTINUOUSLY GASING A METAL STRUCTURE
PCT/EP2009/054786 WO2009141206A1 (en) 2008-05-21 2009-04-22 Method for the continuous casting of a metal strand

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AT506976A1 (en) 2010-01-15
AT506976B1 (en) 2012-10-15
EP2279052B1 (en) 2016-11-09
KR20110020854A (en) 2011-03-03
WO2009141206A1 (en) 2009-11-26

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