CN102144627A - Method for controlling rice plant hopper in south rice-fish system - Google Patents
Method for controlling rice plant hopper in south rice-fish system Download PDFInfo
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- CN102144627A CN102144627A CN2011100664066A CN201110066406A CN102144627A CN 102144627 A CN102144627 A CN 102144627A CN 2011100664066 A CN2011100664066 A CN 2011100664066A CN 201110066406 A CN201110066406 A CN 201110066406A CN 102144627 A CN102144627 A CN 102144627A
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for controlling rice plant hopper in a south rice-fish system, wherein a water pushing tool, an oil holder and an oil dispersing tool are utilized, vegetal bio-oil is selected and an adhesion characteristic of the bio-oil to rice field pests which are disturbed to be in a feign death state and drop on the water surface of a rice field and an ecological habit of rapidly capturing and taking foods of field fishes are utilized to efficiently control harmful insects such as the rice plant hopper and the like in the south rice-fish system and greatly reduce and even avoid the use of agricultural chemicals; therefore, non-pesticide residue, organic, green and safe rice and fish products fitting the agricultural product standard are maintained, and in the meantime, agricultural production targets of low carbon and environment friendliness are realized and the characteristics of environment friendliness, low carbon and low cost are embodied. The invention provides an economical, effective and environmental friendly method for controlling the rice plant hopper and realizing green, organic and pollution-free rice-fish products.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the prevention and control field of rice insect pest, relate to a kind of method that is used for southern rice fish system rice fulgorid control.
Background technology
Paddy rice is China most important field crop in south, also is one of grain of cultivated area maximum.The variation of paddy field cultivation system is one of diversified sign of China's ecological agriculture type, and wherein rice field fish culture is the important traditional farming mode of production of China, has 2000 years of development history, still extensively adopts for the peasant in vast southern rice district at present.This traditional agricultural system both can ensure the paddy rice high and stable yield, can utilize the field fish to weeds in the rice field again, rice ineffective tillering, rice strain footing dead leaf, sclerotium and drop or hit the food of getting of the insect of dropping on the water surface etc., the inner discarded originally living resources of paddy ecosystem in the Rice Production process have synthetically been utilized preferably, and transform into fishery-ies product, thereby satisfy poor hill farmer to the demand of food protein and the demand of the improvement income of developing the economy), both developed grain-production, output because of fishery-ies product improves productivity effect again, paddy rice and fish symbiosis in the system, by the guiding of the inner natural, ecological coordination system and ecological process, realize complete sum ecological functions perfect of system architecture.Benefit based on aspects such as these productions, economy, society, ecology, culture; this traditional rice fish system was listed in first batch of important cultural heritage conservation of agriculture (the Globally-Important Agricultural Heritage Systems of system in the whole world in 2005 by FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nation) (FAO), UN Development Programme (UNDP) and Global Environment Facility (GEF); GIAHS), also be the important agricultural Culture legacy in the unique first batch of whole world in China and even Asia.Therefore; research protection and the technology that promotes this outstanding traditional farming production have the demonstration of the world agriculture of becoming system; and the significance that promote in similar area in the whole world, thereby be subjected to governments at all levels, relevant enterprise and numerous scientific workers' growing interest and attention.
But, different with common paddy rice nonoculture system, exist in the rice fish system very responsive to the agrochemical agricultural chemicals, be in the cultured fishes that food chain better nutritivity level has more accumulation organic agricultural chemicals risk again, so the rice field fish culture system can not a situation arises that arbitrarily use of insecticide, weed killer herbicide and bactericide are controlled the harm of pest such as inada's disease Chinese caterpillar fungus to paddy rice according to rice pest in season in whole growth.In order effectively to control pest in the rice fish system; especially the rice grub rice fulgorid that southern rice district has the greatest impact; need develop a class fish are not damaged, can significantly alleviate again the environmentally friendly control method non-chemically (comprising biological control) of environmental pollution, provide technical guarantee for producing residual healthy agricultural product of green organic nothing farming and the farm environment protection that continues.
The method that can be used for the Pest Control non-chemically of paddy rice at present mainly contains:
(1) electricity is installed and is driven type alternating current frequency ventilating type light trap: as the AC system frequency ventilating type insecticidal lamp is installed on the paddy field limit, various pests such as rice-stem borer, rice leaf roller, rice fulgorid, pink rice borer, leafhopper, rice green caterpillar had certain trapping effect, 5.69 yuan of saving pesticide cost per mu (Chen Nianxian, 2007).Major product mostly is the frequency ventilating type insecticidal lamp that adopts alternating current in the market, its shortcoming is to use the interchange frequency ventilating type insecticidal lamp to exist with the electric line shop and puts up Ben Taigao, open-air Electrical Safety (being exposed to field and corrosion-vulnerable and other damages) and electricity usage cost (every year is more than at least 108 yuan) problem, mainly be used in the power taking insect pest monitoring of plant protection website more easily and the pest control of booth gardening, be not suitable for generally using in the rice field, vast massif district.(2) solar energy frequency ventilating type light trap is installed: solar insect-killing light utilizes the light characteristic that becomes of insect, adopts the light source, the glistening light of waves that insect there are extremely strong trapping effect, effectively lures and the harmful adult of paddy rice such as the rice leaf roller that tags, rice fulgorid.Applied solar energy desinsection lamp desinsection can reduce field insect radix, and little to the natural enemy injury; Pesticide dosage can be effectively reduced, 18.4 yuan of pesticide cost can be saved for every mu.Add being used in combination of solar energy new and high technology, also can save certain electricity charge, therefore, remarkable in economical benefits.Domestic have three brand solar insect-killings such as good many, providence, eastern treasured etc. at present, and occupy the staple market.Shen Guifa etc. (2010) research in the construction district is demonstrated in the two controls of the fertile medicine of Hangzhou Yuhang District has been compared solar insect-killing light, light-operated power supply desinsection lamp and excellent No. 8 insecticidal effect and the economic benefit in applications of pesticide control single cropping late rice river in Zhejiang Province of passing through commonly used and has been compared, the discovery solar insect-killing light on average Duos 20.2% than light-operated power supply desinsection lamp collection worm amount, what solar insect-killing light was described lures the worm effect better than automatically controlled power lights, because electric cost has also been save in environmental protection more.But the major defect of this method be the equipment purchasing cost than higher (every more than 5000 yuan), use in the open air also to have some safety factors such as robbed or burgled.(3) intermingle sense, anti-kind: studied pest-resistant cultivar and felt the worm kind by the control effect of 2:1 mixed planting to white-backed planthopper as China Paddy Rice Inst.The result shows, in not dispenser experimental group, indexs such as the white-backed planthopper adult amount of moving into, every female egg laying amount, intermingle is not with singly to plant difference remarkable, but 2 indexs of food ingestion (with the honeydew amount of measuring of secretion) in the nymph density after the breeding, average every female worm 24 hours, intermingle is handled and all significantly is lower than single kind of sense worm kind, and intermingle and pest-resistant cultivar list kind are in par, show that intermingle has the control effect to white-backed planthopper.This method shortcoming is, different resistance type ripe phases of kind, plant height, rich water demand etc. are difficult to be consistent, to cause agronomy management and results difficulty to increase these dissimilar kind intermingles, the product regularity descends easily, and natural hybrization causes that heredity mixes etc. between the kind of field.(4) adjust the phase of planting of broadcasting: carry out the test of paddy rice different sowing dates and rice borer extent of injury relation at river Nan Daoqu as Inst of Plant Protection, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, the result shows: the paddy rice of sowing on March 5, the 1st generation rice borer harm strain rate average out to 8.33%, what March 20 was sowed is 2.15%, and both differ 3.87 times; The 2nd generation the borer pest rate be followed successively by 2.19% and 2.17%, both differ not obvious; The 3rd generation the borer pest rate be followed successively by 44.35% and 7.67%, the former is 5.78 times of the latter, shows suitable adjusting sowing time, can effectively alleviate the harm of worm.This method shortcoming is, the foundation of this control technology is based on the variation of weather and affects that the growth of insect colony realizes, so its effect is relevant with annual concrete Changes in weather, effect is difficult to guarantee.
Rice fulgorid is the important insect pest of paddy rice, and the important method of controlling rice fulgorid at present is to use chemical insecticide.The rice fulgorid of control non-chemically license situation from paddy rice both domestic and external, the patent of authorizing at present mainly contain Lv Zhongxian's " improving the method for paddy field parasitic bee control plant hopper, rice leaf roller ability ", " compound method of a kind of plant medical agent control rice fulgorid worm " of Wang Xingpeng, " control rice fulgorid botanical pesticide " of Liu Zhiliang, and be exclusively used in that the rice fulgorid of rice fish system is non-chemically controlled, utilize bio oil and the special water conservancy project tool that pushes away to control the patent of the method aspect of rice fulgorid in traditional rice fish system and do not retrieve.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of method that is used for southern rice fish system rice fulgorid control.Be a kind of economy, effectively, environmental protection and realize the method for the green organic non-harmful control rice fulgorid of rice fishery-ies product.
The technical solution used in the present invention is as follows:
(1) the preparation particular oils pushes away instrument, form by pushing away water conservancy project tool, oil-holder and diffusing oily instrument three parts, wherein push away the water conservancy project tool and be made of handle and base, the oily instrument that looses is made of long handle and shred, shred binding long handle end, the diameter of oil-holder is advisable to contain down shred;
(2) preparation vegetalitas bio oil is selected rape oil (peasant household is self-produced or commercially available) for use, and proportioning fully stirs stand-by with the recovery waste oil (can suitably increase mixed ratio when temperature is high) of volume ratio 0% ~ 20%;
(3) in use, the shred of the oily instrument that looses is put in the oil-holder that fills the vegetalitas bio oil, make shred in oil-holder, be stained with the vegetalitas bio oil, submerge in the paddy field water either being stained with oily shred again, utilize the immiscible and oily character that is lighter than water of profit that oil is laid on the water surface, with oil mass is 0.25 kilogram/mu, for oil can be evenly distributed on the water surface, the operator need walk up and down in the rice field, push away instrument with oil and push away water, the water that splashes can shoot down plant hopper to pasta, pushing away water must have suitable dynamics and repetition, shoots down with all plant hoppers the paddy rice base portion as far as possible, and is adhered to and can't break away from by the oil film on the water surface, after the water surface was static, the field fish will be got the rice fulgorid that food drops to pasta rapidly;
(4) use in back 1 ~ 7 day, adopt parallel duplicate rows jump method (GB/T17980.4-2000) investigation field plant hopper insect density, reuse 1-2 time, until handle the actual insect density of field piece drop to 10/clump and below, reach rice fulgorid and prevent and treat the experience standard that industry is commonly used.
When field rice fulgorid density surpasses 10/clump (rice fulgorid prevents and treats industry experience standard, sees: Cheng Jiaan, " rice grub ". Beijing: and Chinese agriculture publishing house, 1996 publish the 100th page), the operation of beginning step (3).Also can be simultaneously in conjunction with the rice fulgorid explosion time of prediction then at local plant protection department or forecast of disease and pest station.
Another object of the present invention provides the application of described method in the southern rice fish system brown planthopper of control.
The present invention uses special, oil with efficient spreading property pushes away instrument, utilize bio-oil to being subjected to disturbance seemingly-dead dropping in the adhesion characteristics of the rice pest of the rice field water surface, catch the ecological habit of getting food fast by means of the field fish, effective harmful insect such as rice fulgorid in the control rice fish system, reduce and even avoided the use of agricultural chemicals significantly, make rice, fishery-ies product keeps the agricultural product standard of the green organic safety of non agricultural chemical residuum, realize the eco-friendly agricultural production target of low-carbon (LC) simultaneously, embody green agricultural product non agricultural chemical residuums such as () rice fishes, environmental protection (pollution-free) to paddy environment, low-carbon (LC) (is save the production of chemical pesticide, transportation, store the various energy consumptions of being brought), the characteristics of low-cost (bio-oil is inexpensive easily to be obtained).The present invention compared with prior art in the production application of control rice fish system brown planthopper, has significant insect control effect, simultaneously because the use of chemical pesticide has reduced chemical energy source consumption, environmental pollution, agricultural product residue of pesticide.Compare with normal technology, have production process energy-saving and emission-reduction, production system environmental protection, produce the organic remarkable result such as pollution-free of product, agricultural output is stable, and quality increases substantially, the land area of one unit output value increases substantially, and has realized the value-added purpose of the steady grain of rice fish system.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 pushes away the water conservancy project structure schematic diagram of signing an undertaking.
Fig. 2 is the oil-holder structural representation.
Fig. 3 is the oily tool construction schematic diagram that looses.
Embodiment
The present invention is further described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
Mainly experimental field [Chinese Qingtian county, Zhejiang province] rice fish system basic condition is as follows.The Experimental Area belongs to mountain and hill landforms and subtropics monsoon climatic region, and warm and moist makes a clear distinction between the four seasons, 1431.5 millimeters of annual rainfalls, and year-round average temperature 17-18 ℃, cropping system is single cropping rice (rice field fish culture)-winter slack (breeding fish).The paddy rice varieties of plant is Zhejiang Province's main breed " excellent No. 1 of middle Zhejiang ", and paddy rice is transplanted at the beginning of 6 months in the late April seedling, harvesting at the beginning of 10 months.The paddy rice planting density is 30 cm * 35 cm.The initial breeding density of fish is 20kg/ha, and the bait material is a paddy, and feeding volume is that the 12.5%[of shoal of fish body biomass also can 12.5% calculating according to (full field piece fry is dropped into the bar number and multiply by every fish average weight)], threw something and fed 1 time in per 3 days.Whole process is not executed chemical pesticide (comprising insecticide and weed killer herbicide).The rice field depth of water is kept 10-20cm, irrigates the depth of water according to the earlier shallow back of fish body size deeply.
Embodiment 1The preparation particular oils pushes away instrument
Oil pushes away instrument and forms by pushing away water conservancy project tool 1, oil-holder 2 and diffusing oily instrument 3 three parts, wherein pushing away water conservancy project tool 1 is made of handle 4 and base 5, the oily instrument 3 that looses is made of long handle 6 and shred 7, shred 7 binding long handles 6 ends, and the diameter of oil-holder 2 is suitable mutually with the diameter of shred 7.
The concrete size of instrument each several part visual (1) operator's (peasant) height, physique, sex and work custom, (2) field situation (seeding row spacing, the depth of water) etc. is done suitable adjustment.Can produce multiple instrument model such as extra large size, large size, medium size, trumpet, special trumpet in the tool production process selects for the buyer.A kind of model is provided: push away the handle 4 long 1400mm of water conservancy project tool 1, the length of base 5 is 180mm, the wide 180mm of being, the thick 25mm of being; The length of the long handle 6 of diffusing oily instrument 3 is 600mm, and the length of shred 7 is 120mm, and the cloth number is the 10-15 bar; The diameter 100mm of oil-holder 2.
The screening of embodiment 2 bio oil types and combination
When the screening oil type, lard, the imperial fish oil of commercially available gold, Canola oil, tea oil, diesel oil and tung oil have been used.The freezing point of lard is 22-35 ℃, and field, the rice field water temperature most of the time is lower than this scope, very easily solidifies when Pork Dripping enters into the field water surface.And golden imperial fish oil though oil droplet does not solidify, still spreads bad when being sprinkled into the water surface.Tea oil and rape oil splash into the water surface and are easier to diffusion, are distributed to the whole water surface.Diesel oil and tung oil also can better spread, but after fish had eaten, the smell of oil residues influenced flesh quality in the flesh of fish.The tea oil price is more expensive, is not suitable for a large amount of uses, therefore selects rape oil for use.
The key property of the dissimilar oils of table 1 relatively
| ? | Rape oil | Salad oil | Lard | Tea oil | Diesel oil | Tung oil |
| Freezing point (℃) | -8~ -10 | 0 | 22-32 | -10~ -5 | -44~ 8 | 2~3 |
| Diffusion | Well | Well | Relatively poor | Generally | Generally | Relatively poor |
| Market price (unit/jin) | 5-8 | 5-10 | 10 | 15-25 | 4 | 15-20 |
| The influence of fishery-ies product local flavor | Improve | Improve | Constant | Constant | Variation | Variation |
Determining of 3 bio oil preparation service times of embodiment
Vegetative growth stage in whole paddy rice can use oily pushing manipulation.After paddy rice envelope row (especially reproductive growth middle and later periods),, probably influence rice yield because the comparatively closing of Rice Population density use oil to push away easy damage paddy rice cane and young fringe.Consider that from economic angle suggestion is carried out oil in outburst period of rice fulgorid before slightly and pushed away control.Plant hopper situation with 2010 young Tian Longxian villages is an example, and the outburst of rice fulgorid mainly is behind rice transplanting before 30-40 days and the paddy rice harvesting 20-30 days.We implemented not use agricultural chemicals to refuel in 1 month behind rice transplanting and push away control, and two weeks " Invest, Then Investigate " and contrast (no pesticide grown and do not implement the processing that oil pushes away) are compared, and rice fulgorid has reduced 73%.
Determining of embodiment 4 bio oil preparation usage amounts
By rape oil with oil mass experiment relatively, when 0.125 kilogram/mu of usage amount, oil can diffuse to the whole water surface, but the thinner thickness of oil, the plant hopper of falling into pasta can also rebound paddy rice cane.When usage amount is 0.25 kilogram/mu, no matter be after the nymph of plant hopper or adult are fallen into pasta, promptly to be clung firmly by oil, especially plant hopper adult wing has sticked rape oil, can't jump and circle in the air.When usage amount is 0.375 kilogram/mu, the mythimna separata better effects if, some oil of the water surface does not scatter, and considers from economic angle, does not need to use this usage amount.
The screening of table 2 bio oil preparation usage amount is determined
| Usage amount (kilogram/mu) | Result of use | Economic angle | Resultant effect |
| 0.125 | Difference | Excellent | Very |
| 0.250 | Excellent | Excellent | Excellent |
| 0.375 | Excellent | Very | Very |
The description of embodiment 5 oily pushing manipulation operation sequences
This is tested, and (first batch of important agricultural Culture legacy rice fish system protection ground, the whole world) carried out in the existing village of Zhejiang Province's Lishui City Qingtian County dragon in 2009.Paddy rice planting density and fish breeding density carry out with reference to the actual conditions of rice fish system protection ground, the blue or green field of first batch of important agricultural Culture legacy, whole world periphery.Not under the prerequisite of use of insecticide, use oily pushing manipulation to control the rice fulgorid in all rice fields in the whole gathering ground in full field.The control worm operation of 30 days beginning new technologies behind rice transplanting.The shred 5 of the oily instrument that looses is put into 3 li in Sheng oil drum, make shred 5 be stained with the vegetalitas bio oil for 3 li at the Sheng oil drum, submerging in the paddy field water either being stained with oily shred 5, utilize the immiscible and oily character that is lighter than water of profit that oil is laid on the water surface, is 0.25 kilogram/mu with oil mass.For oil can be evenly distributed on the water surface, the operator need walk up and down in the rice field, push away instrument with oil and push away water, the water that splashes can shoot down plant hopper to pasta, and pushing away water must have suitable dynamics and repetition, shoots down with all plant hoppers the paddy rice base portion as far as possible, and adhered to and can't break away from by the oil film on the water surface, after the water surface was static, the field fish will be got the rice fulgorid that food drops to pasta rapidly, thereby realized eliminating the purpose of rice fulgorid.Continuous 3 annual bearings show, do not adopt the contrast field of oily pushing manipulation to compare at the adjacent agricultural chemicals that do not use, adopt the field piece of the art of this patent, only do not rely on oily pushing manipulation 1 time not using agricultural chemicals, after processing in 1-3 days, insect density only is 19.4% of contrast field, and its insect density has been in the industry of rice fulgorid control and has commonly used below the experience standard lower bound (10/clump).
Claims (4)
1. a method that is used for southern rice fish system rice fulgorid control is characterized in that, is achieved through the following technical solutions:
A. prepare particular oils and push away instrument, form by pushing away water conservancy project tool (1), oil-holder (2) and diffusing oily instrument (3), push away water conservancy project tool (1) and be made of handle (4) and base (5), the oily instrument (3) that looses is made of long handle (6) and shred (7), shred (7) binding long handle (6) end;
B. prepare the vegetalitas bio oil, select rape oil for use, proportioning fully stirs stand-by with the recovery waste oil of volume ratio 0% ~ 20%;
When C. using, the shred (7) of oily instrument (3) of will loosing is put into oil-holder (2) lining that fills the vegetalitas bio oil, make shred (7) be stained with the vegetalitas bio oil in oil-holder (2) lining, submerge in the paddy field water either being stained with oily shred (7) again, utilize the immiscible and oily character that is lighter than water of profit that oil is laid on the water surface, with oil mass is 0.25 kilogram/mu, and the operator need walk up and down in the rice field, pushes away water with pushing away water conservancy project tool (1);
D. use in the back 1 ~ 7 day, adopt parallel duplicate rows jump method investigation field plant hopper insect density, reuses 1-2 time, until the actual insect density of processing field piece drop to 10/clump and below, reach rice fulgorid and prevent and treat the experience standard that industry is commonly used.
2. a kind of method that is used for southern rice fish system rice fulgorid control according to claim 1 is characterized in that, when field rice fulgorid density surpasses 10/clump, and beginning step (3).
3. a kind of method that is used for southern rice fish system rice fulgorid control according to claim 1 is characterized in that the vegetalitas bio oil of step (2) preparation is selected the self-produced or commercially available rape oil of peasant household for use.
4. a kind of application of method in control rice fish system brown planthopper that is used for southern rice fish system rice fulgorid control according to claim 1.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105941374A (en) * | 2016-06-23 | 2016-09-21 | 中国水稻研究所 | Oil dripping insect prevention and weed control apparatus for paddy fields |
| CN106105921A (en) * | 2016-06-23 | 2016-11-16 | 中国水稻研究所 | A kind of method that worm controlled by Organic Farming Rice Fields oil dripping |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1545849A (en) * | 2003-12-16 | 2004-11-17 | 花永芳 | Applied technology for production of pesticide-less greenhouse vegetable |
| CN1922994A (en) * | 2006-05-11 | 2007-03-07 | 李书林 | Integrated control method of diaphania indica saunders |
| CN101642088A (en) * | 2009-09-07 | 2010-02-10 | 山东农业大学 | Method for preventing and controlling vegetable root knot nematode disease by fumigating soil with aluminium phosphide |
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2011
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Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1545849A (en) * | 2003-12-16 | 2004-11-17 | 花永芳 | Applied technology for production of pesticide-less greenhouse vegetable |
| CN1922994A (en) * | 2006-05-11 | 2007-03-07 | 李书林 | Integrated control method of diaphania indica saunders |
| CN101642088A (en) * | 2009-09-07 | 2010-02-10 | 山东农业大学 | Method for preventing and controlling vegetable root knot nematode disease by fumigating soil with aluminium phosphide |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105941374A (en) * | 2016-06-23 | 2016-09-21 | 中国水稻研究所 | Oil dripping insect prevention and weed control apparatus for paddy fields |
| CN106105921A (en) * | 2016-06-23 | 2016-11-16 | 中国水稻研究所 | A kind of method that worm controlled by Organic Farming Rice Fields oil dripping |
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