CN102142711A - Control system of wind driven generator - Google Patents
Control system of wind driven generator Download PDFInfo
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- CN102142711A CN102142711A CN2011100739378A CN201110073937A CN102142711A CN 102142711 A CN102142711 A CN 102142711A CN 2011100739378 A CN2011100739378 A CN 2011100739378A CN 201110073937 A CN201110073937 A CN 201110073937A CN 102142711 A CN102142711 A CN 102142711A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a control system of a wind driven generator. The control system comprises a main controller which is connected with a generator and a storage battery respectively, and is characterized in that: the main controller comprises a rectifying device, a pulse width modulation device and a control device, wherein the rectifying device is connected with an output end of the generator; the pulse width modulation device is connected with an output end of the rectifying device; and the main controller also comprises an inverter connected between the generator and the storage battery. Through the invention, the requirement on wind speed for generator start is low, electric energy can be output under a relatively low wind speed, and the utilization rate of wind power is high; the power control on the wind driven generator is optimized, and the generator efficiency is high; the power supply of the controller is stable and power failure caused by undervoltage of the storage battery is avoided so that the controller works more stably and the reliability is high; and an electromotor does not need to be added for auxiliary start, the cost is low, and the operation is reliable.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of control system, relate in particular to a kind of control system of wind-driven generator.
Background technology
Wind power generation more and more comes into one's own as the generation mode of a kind of cleaning, environmental protection; But because in the reality, natural wind instability very, and wind power generation is to rely on natural wind to promote wind wheel to rotate, drive wind-driven generator and produce electric energy, therefore the operating state of wind-driven generator is also extremely unstable, thereby must carry out good control to wind-driven generator, the safety of assurance system, efficiently, but different wind-driven generator power curve difference, and the unstable working condition of wind-driven generator, power output changes frequent, irregular, traditional wind power generation controller adopts the mode of timing sampling, the master controller of wind-driven generator is by the adjustment to the load size, make the power match of load and generator, improve the efficient of generator, traditional controller adopts the curve automatic tracking method to adjust load, by sampling calculates data to the generator power slope of a curve, when sampling point is many more, degree of regulation is high more, but the operating state complexity of generator in the reality, the sampling difficulty, and different wind-driven generator power curve is widely different, and versatility is poor, and controller sampling frequency commonly used at present is about 10KHz, degree of regulation is not high, is difficult to realize optimized power control.
Present most wind-driven generator is directly driven by wind wheel fully, but traditional wind-driven generator all adopts three-phase permanent magnet alternator, and its static torque is bigger, and wind speed can't start when low, causes the generator for electricity generation inefficiency; The Chinese patent of application number 200810066917 discloses a kind of wind-driven generator, has increased the motor monomer on the basis of original generator, can be when wind-force be not enough the actuating motor monomer, auxiliary wind-driven generator starts, but this scheme cost is higher, and device is complicated, the control difficulty, reliability is low.
Summary of the invention
The present invention provides a kind of power to adjust the control system of the high wind-driven generator of efficient for solving the prior art problem.
Technical scheme of the present invention is: a kind of control system of wind-driven generator, comprise master controller, master controller is connected with generator and storage battery respectively, it is characterized in that: described master controller comprises the rectifying device that is connected with the output of generator, the pulse width modulation apparatus and the control device that are connected with the output of rectifying device, described master controller also comprises the inverter that is connected between generator and the storage battery, described inverter is provided with control switch, this control switch links to each other with control device, and the control of controlled device; Described control device comprises with the output of rectifying device and is connected, detects the checkout gear that output end voltage changes, and checkout gear is connected with from checkout gear reading of data and the calculation element that calculates, and calculation element is connected with the pulsewidth adjusting device.
When wind speed lower, when generator can't start because of higher static torque, control device is opened control switch, inverter is gone into the electric energy reverse pumping of storage battery in the generator, make generator become motor, overcome static torque and begin to rotate, when generator arrives the appointment rotating speed, control device closing control switch stops the assistant starting to generator; Checkout gear is to the change in voltage of rectifying device output, and promptly Δ U samples, when the rising of voltage trend, then load is too little, and the pulsewidth adjusting device is through adjusting, add heavy load, when the decline of voltage trend, then load is overweight, the pulsewidth adjusting device reduces load through adjusting, and amount of calculation is quite little, and adjust more accurate, therefore can accomplish higher sample frequency, make the power curve of controller and the power curve of generator more mate, optimize power control.
As preferably, described control system also comprises anemobiagraph, and described anemobiagraph links to each other with control device, and with transfer of data to control device.Anemobiagraph detects wind speed, then air speed data is transferred to control device, and when wind speed arrives the speed that generating needs, but when being not enough to overcome static torque, the control device control inverter is opened, and auxiliary generator starts generating.
As preferably, described control system also comprises overspeed tripping device, and described overspeed tripping device comprises the brake gear that can brake alternator shaft, and described brake gear is connected with control device, and the control of controlled device.Excessive when wind-force, when system can't bear, the protection whole system was slowed down in the effect of control device control brake gear to generator.
As preferably, described control device also is provided with the conversion equipment that is used to connect external electrical network.The controller of generator all adopts storage battery power supply, crosses when low when calm and battery tension, and controller can cut out because of electricity shortage, causes uncontrollablely, brings difficulty to practical application; The present invention utilizes external electrical network that storage battery is mended; connection provides the voltage that is slightly larger than storage battery under-voltage protection point with the conversion equipment of external electrical network; storage battery is supplied with in output; this voltage is lower than the operating voltage of storage battery in using at ordinary times; can not extract electric energy from external electrical network; when storage battery because of overrunning or during fault; the voltage of storage battery is lower than the voltage that conversion equipment provides; by conversion equipment to storage battery power supply; support controller works on; and when the voltage of storage battery was put near under-voltage protection, load was thrown off automatically, can be to external electrical network and conversion equipment build-up of pressure.
As preferably, described conversion equipment comprises reduction voltage circuit and the voltage stabilizing circuit that is connected with reduction voltage circuit.
As preferably, described control device also comprises the charging device that is connected between pulse width modulation apparatus and the storage battery.Charging device control generator charges to storage battery, simultaneously storage battery is carried out a series of protection actions such as under-voltage protection, overvoltage protection, open-circuit-protection, short-circuit protection and charge-current limit, charging voltage restriction, floating charge.
In sum, the present invention has the following advantages:
1, generator start wind speed require low, under low wind speed with regard to exportable electric energy, wind power utilization rate height;
2, to wind power generation acc power control optimization, generator efficiency height;
3, the controller power supply is stable, can not make that controller work is more stable, the reliability height because of the under-voltage power down of storage battery;
4, assistant starting does not need to increase motor, and is with low cost, reliable.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a structural representation of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the algorithm schematic diagram of control device power match control of the present invention.
Embodiment
The invention will be further described with embodiment below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
A kind of control system of wind-driven generator as shown in Figure 1, comprises wind wheel, and this wind wheel is connected with generator, and generator is connected with storage battery, is connected with master controller between generator and the storage battery; Master controller comprises the rectifying device that is connected with the output of generator, the pulse width modulation apparatus and the control device that are connected with the output of rectifying device, control device also comprises the charging device that is connected between pulse width modulation apparatus and the storage battery, master controller also comprises the inverter that is connected between generator and the storage battery, inverter is provided with control switch, this control switch links to each other with control device, and the control of controlled device; Control device comprises with the output of rectifying device and is connected, detects the checkout gear that output end voltage changes, and checkout gear is connected with from checkout gear reading of data and the calculation element that calculates, and calculation element is connected with the pulsewidth adjusting device; Wind-driven generator also comprises anemobiagraph, and anemobiagraph links to each other with control device, and with transfer of data to control device; Wind-driven generator also comprises overspeed tripping device, overspeed tripping device comprises can be to alternator shaft brake gear of braking and the power consumption device that is connected with generator output end, brake gear all is connected with control device with power consumption device, and the control of controlled device; Control device also is provided with the conversion equipment that is used to connect external electrical network, and conversion equipment comprises reduction voltage circuit and the voltage stabilizing circuit that is connected with reduction voltage circuit.
Wherein, control device adopts single-chip microcomputer and CPLD twin-core chip system, and single-chip microcomputer is responsible for data sampling, and algorithm is realized and shown, CPLD is responsible for logic control, and pass through relay control action output etc., both mutual communications realize co-ordination, wherein single-chip microcomputer also is connected with PORT COM, be connected with peripheral hardwares such as computers when being used for user's debugger routine, PORT COM adopts modal RS485 and RS232, also is provided with optocoupler between single-chip microcomputer and the PORT COM to be used for Signal Spacing; Single-chip microcomputer can use the most common and lower-cost 8051 series, and for reducing volume, product adopts the C8051F021 paster encapsulation in 8051, and CPLD adopts aboundresources, EPM240 with low cost; Single-chip microcomputer is connected with detector by a series of testing circuits that are made of comparator LM324, detector comprises the revolution detector that detects the generator amature rotating speed, detect the voltage detector of generator output voltage, detect the coulometric detector of battery tension and the current detector that detects running current, be provided with the optocoupler of isolating usefulness between detector and the testing circuit, testing circuit also is provided with the decision circuitry that is made of comparator LM339, too high when cell voltage occurring, cross low, when excessive the or generator speed of running current was crossed high situation, decision circuitry was fed back corresponding signal to single-chip microcomputer; The end that rectifying device is connected with generator is provided with the filtering of π shape, guarantees the stable of generator output current wave; It is that the metal-oxide-semiconductor of 20N60S5 is as switching tube that inverter adopts model; Also be built-in with the electrical fault checkout gear that constitutes by SN74LS00N in the controller, be installed on the travel switch on the generator and be installed on the ruuning situation that thermocouple in the generator is judged system by detection.
During work, one road checkout gear is connected with anemobiagraph, anemobiagraph adopts pulse signal to represent the rotating speed of generator, when generator speed is high more, the pulse signal frequency that anemobiagraph sends is high more, this pulse signal is after filtration after wave circuit and the comparator, generate stable generator speed signal, this tach signal is by the port input of single-chip microcomputer, when single-chip microcomputer continues 1 minute during greater than 5.12 meter per seconds by calculating wind speed, single-chip microcomputer sends the instruction of carrying out assistant starting to CPLD, CPLD receives after the instruction of assistant starting and to connect the inverter of being made up of 20N60S5 by the adhesive of control starting relay that storage battery is oppositely powered to generator, generator is rotated, and auxiliary generator starts; When single-chip microcomputer continues 1 minute during less than 3 meter per seconds by calculating wind speed, single-chip microcomputer sends halt instruction to CPLD, and CPLD control charge relay disconnects, and cuts off charging device to charge in batteries; When single-chip microcomputer detects wind speed greater than 9 meter per seconds by calculating anemobiagraph; single-chip microcomputer sends the brake instruction; the adhesive of CPLD control brake relay; the brakes on device; rotation axis to generator brakes; with the protection generator; disconnect charge relay simultaneously; preventing that impulse current from producing other elements of control system damages, and when wind speed falls when being back to 5.12～9 meter per seconds, single-chip microcomputer sends restart indication; CPLD disconnects brake relay; unclamp the brake to alternator shaft, the charge relay of adhesive simultaneously makes generator restart to rotate in the wind-force effect; and begin charge in batteries; when wind speed falls when being back to 3～5.12 meter per seconds, single-chip microcomputer sends the instruction of carrying out assistant starting to CPLD, and CPLD receives after the instruction of assistant starting by the adhesive of control starting relay; the inverter that connection is made up of 20N60S5; storage battery is oppositely powered to generator, and generator is rotated, and auxiliary generator starts.Another kind of checkout gear is parallel between two electrodes of storage battery; by comparator the voltage signal of storage battery is converted into the discernible digital signal of single-chip microcomputer; import then in the another port of single-chip microcomputer; when single-chip microcomputer detect the voltage of storage battery when being in 44～56V; single-chip microcomputer sends charging instruction to CPLD; CPLD control charging device control generator carries out the total current charging to storage battery; when the voltage of storage battery is in 56～59V; single-chip microcomputer sends the burning voltage instruction to CPLD; CPLD control charging device control generator carries out trick charge to storage battery; with the protection storage battery, prolong the life of storage battery, and keep battery tension.The Third Road checkout gear is series at a utmost point of storage battery; the size of current signal of storage battery being exported by comparator is converted into the discernible digital signal of single-chip microcomputer; when the electric current of storage battery output is excessive; single-chip microcomputer is received signal; CPLD is sent the protective current instruction; CPLD is to crossing the adjustment pulse width modulation apparatus; adjust the load of storage battery; single-chip microcomputer continues monitoring simultaneously, and invalid as the adjustment of CPLD, electric current still is above standard; then single-chip microcomputer sends and cuts off instruction; CPLD disconnects supply relay, cuts off the external power supply of storage battery, with the protection storage battery.In case detecting the operation stroke of generator, travel switch do not conform to standard; or the temperature of any point is too high in the generator; failure detector sends motor failure signal immediately; in a single day single-chip microcomputer receives motor failure signal; send the disorderly closedown instruction immediately, CPLD is the adhesive brake relay immediately, and generator rotor shafts is braked; cut off the output relay of generator simultaneously, cut off the output of generator.
As shown in Figure 2, if generator three phase rectifier busbar voltage is U, line current is I, sample at regular intervals, the pressure reduction of three phase rectifier bus and cell voltage is designated as △ U=U-Ud, current sampled value is designated as U n and Ud n, a preceding sampled value is U n-1 and Ud n-1, with current PWM duty ratio is Dn, a preceding PWM duty ratio is D n-1, and PWM starting resistor difference is designated as δ 1, and the PWM rapid adjustment changes voltage and is designated as δ 2, power curve is adjusted the upper limit and is designated as δ 3, power curve is adjusted lower limit and is designated as δ 4, and PWM adjusts step value and is designated as △ D, and threshold currents is adjusted coefficient and is designated as K1, the power curve upper limit is adjusted coefficient and is designated as K2, the power curve lower limit is adjusted coefficient and is designated as K3, and when control system started, system is initialization at first, as △ U＜δ 1, then reinitialize,, Dn=△ D is set then as △ U 〉=δ 1, detect Imax, as Imax＜I, then PWM is provided with Dn+1=Dn-K1 △ D, as Imax 〉=I, then detect Un-Un-1, as Un-Un-1 〉=δ 2, then PWM is provided with Dn+1=Dn+ △ D, as Un-Un-1＜δ 2, then continue to detect Un-Un-1, when Un-Un-1≤-during δ 2, then PWM is provided with Dn+1=Dn-△ D, as Un-Un-1-during δ 2, detect △ U, when △ U 〉=δ 3, then PWM is provided with Dn+1=Dn+K2 △ D, during as δ 4≤△ U≤δ 3, then PWM is provided with Dn+1=Dn, as △ U＜δ 4, then PWM is provided with Dn+1=Dn-K3 △ D, by adjusting the duty ratio of PWM, the regulating system load makes control system have good power tracking ability.
The control system that also can be used for solar panel after the rectifying device of this control system, pulse width modulation apparatus, conversion equipment and the control device combination.
Claims (6)
1. the control system of a wind-driven generator, comprise master controller, master controller is connected with generator and storage battery respectively, it is characterized in that: described master controller comprises the rectifying device that is connected with the output of generator, the pulse width modulation apparatus and the control device that are connected with the output of rectifying device, described master controller also comprises the inverter that is connected between generator and the storage battery, described inverter is provided with control switch, this control switch links to each other with control device, and the control of controlled device; Described control device comprises with the output of rectifying device and is connected, detects the checkout gear that output end voltage changes, and checkout gear is connected with from checkout gear reading of data and the calculation element that calculates, and calculation element is connected with the pulsewidth adjusting device.
2. according to the control system of the described wind-driven generator of claim 1, it is characterized in that: described control system also comprises anemobiagraph, and described anemobiagraph links to each other with control device, and with transfer of data to control device.
3. according to the control system of claim 1 or 2 described wind-driven generators; it is characterized in that: described control system also comprises overspeed tripping device; described overspeed tripping device comprises the brake gear that can brake alternator shaft; described brake gear is connected with control device, and the control of controlled device.
4. according to the control system of the described wind-driven generator of claim 1, it is characterized in that: described control device also is provided with the conversion equipment that is used to connect external electrical network.
5. according to the control system of the described wind-driven generator of claim 4, it is characterized in that: described conversion equipment comprises reduction voltage circuit and the voltage stabilizing circuit that is connected with reduction voltage circuit.
6. according to the control system of the described wind-driven generator of claim 5, it is characterized in that: described control device also comprises the charging device that is connected between pulse width modulation apparatus and the storage battery.
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| CN2011100739378A CN102142711A (en) | 2011-03-25 | 2011-03-25 | Control system of wind driven generator |
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| CN2011100739378A CN102142711A (en) | 2011-03-25 | 2011-03-25 | Control system of wind driven generator |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN102646996A (en) * | 2012-05-07 | 2012-08-22 | 苏州工业职业技术学院 | Power control system of double-fed set wind power plant |
| CN103032800A (en) * | 2013-01-07 | 2013-04-10 | 张旭东 | LED illumination system for classroom |
| CN103208851A (en) * | 2013-04-16 | 2013-07-17 | 安徽理工大学 | Vertical-axis wind power converter device |
| CN104595111A (en) * | 2014-12-26 | 2015-05-06 | 云南能投能源产业发展研究院 | Wind turbine |
| CN112253382A (en) * | 2020-08-28 | 2021-01-22 | 盐城工学院 | Brake control method for wind driven generator |
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| CN201560893U (en) * | 2009-06-09 | 2010-08-25 | 皇明太阳能集团有限公司 | Wind-solar hybrid power-supply device |
| CN202004716U (en) * | 2011-03-25 | 2011-10-05 | 姚志恩 | Control system of wind driven generator |
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Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN101512143A (en) * | 2006-09-29 | 2009-08-19 | Abb研究有限公司 | Control method |
| TW200916655A (en) * | 2007-10-11 | 2009-04-16 | Atomic Energy Council | Wind power generator capable of actuating through breeze |
| CN201560893U (en) * | 2009-06-09 | 2010-08-25 | 皇明太阳能集团有限公司 | Wind-solar hybrid power-supply device |
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102646996A (en) * | 2012-05-07 | 2012-08-22 | 苏州工业职业技术学院 | Power control system of double-fed set wind power plant |
| CN103032800A (en) * | 2013-01-07 | 2013-04-10 | 张旭东 | LED illumination system for classroom |
| CN103208851A (en) * | 2013-04-16 | 2013-07-17 | 安徽理工大学 | Vertical-axis wind power converter device |
| CN104595111A (en) * | 2014-12-26 | 2015-05-06 | 云南能投能源产业发展研究院 | Wind turbine |
| CN112253382A (en) * | 2020-08-28 | 2021-01-22 | 盐城工学院 | Brake control method for wind driven generator |
| CN112253382B (en) * | 2020-08-28 | 2022-07-26 | 盐城工学院 | Brake control method for wind driven generator |
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Application publication date: 20110803 |