CN102136890B - System and method for encoding space time blocks - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a system and method for encoding space time blocks. Although an orthogonal space time encoding matrix in an associated correlation matrix without containing non-zero non-diagonal elements can provide best communication system performance, any communication network equipment is difficultly identified by the orthogonal encoding matrix with uniform encoding rate. According to the embodiment of the invention, the associated correlation matrix comprises a non-orthogonal space time encoding matrix which comprises the non-zero non-diagonal elements and is used for encoding data characters. The non-orthogonal space time encoding matrix can be confirmed more easily, and one encoding matrix selected from a plurality of matrixes can reduce unexpected effect of the non-zero non-diagonal elements. For example, a specific time block encoding matrix is selected from a plurality of space time block encoding matrixes generated on the basis of the tracing power of a plurality of non-zero non-diagonal elements or the associated correlation matrixes.

Description

Space-time block coding system and method

The divisional application that the application is the applying date is on April 1st, 2004, application number is 200480042543.4, denomination of invention is the application of " space-time block coding system and method ".

Technical field

The present invention relates generally to communication, particularly relate to the Space Time Coding of signal of communication.

Background technology

Space-time emission diversity (STTD) coding for two transmitting antennas is adopted by much new wireless communication standard, such as comprise 3GPP (the 3rd generation partnership project), 3GPP2 and IEEE (electrical equipment and Electronic Engineering Association) 802.16.The coding having known for the so-called Alamouti of two antennas can obtain maximum diversity gain for two transmitting antennas and Unified coding speed.

In order to find the space-time code for the maximum diversity gain with Unified coding speed can be obtained during two or more antenna, carried out various trial afterwards.

On the other hand, much research has been carried out to the combination of STTD and OTD (Orthogonal Transmit Diversity).The orthogonal complex matrix also not finding optimum signal can be provided to receive for the transmitting antenna of any amount with the main difficulty that such encoding scheme is associated.Although these codings combined have simple Code And Decode algorithm, when there is no the orthogonal matrix of arbitrary size, needing special (ad-hoc) of this coding to design, and causing the performance inferior to the best.

A desirable aspect of STTD technology is applicable to single antenna receiver.The key advantage of STTD comprises maximum diversity gain and only includes the relative of complex multiplication at receiver and simply decode.In addition, although STTD is the supplementary coding techniques of MIMO (multiple-input and multiple-output) BLAST, STTD does not need the quantity of transmitting antenna in communication network to be less than the quantity of reception antenna.

Therefore, although technology can provide advantage in communication system during sky, current do not have technology can provide Unicode speed and maximum transmit diversity gain to two or more transmitting antenna.

Summary of the invention

According to one aspect of the present invention, determine multiple space-time coding matrices, each have respective association correlation matrix.Each correlation matrix comprises the off diagonal element of non-zero.Select wherein to associate a kind of space-time coding matrices that correlation matrix has minimum number non-zero off-diagonal elements, and for encoded data symbols.

The space-time coding matrices selected can comprise and corresponds respectively to going and corresponding respectively to the row of the time slot that wherein data symbol is launched of transmitting antenna.

In one embodiment, the space-time coding matrices of selection is punctured (puncture), and uses the selected space-time coding matrices encoded data symbols of puncture.Can puncture according to fixing or adaptive puncturing ratio.

Also can determine phase rotation factor and apply it to the data symbol of coding.Phase rotation factor is preferably determined to reduce the value of the off diagonal element of the correlation matrix be associated with selected space-time coding matrices.In closed-loop system, phase rotation factor or the feedback information for calculating phase rotation factor can receive from the receiver that data symbol is launched into.

Also provide a kind of relevant method of reseptance, preferably, comprise the data symbol received the decode in signal of communication.Data symbol uses and is encoded from having the space-time coding matrices selected the space-time coding matrices of each autocorrelation matrix, and this correlation matrix has non-zero off-diagonal elements.The association correlation matrix of the space-time coding matrices selected has the non-zero off-diagonal elements of minimum number.

On the other hand, the invention provides a kind of method, the method comprises the multiple space-time coding matrices determining to have each auto correlation correlation matrix, selects the tracking of association correlation matrix to have a space-time coding matrices of maximum power, and uses the space-time coding matrices encoded data symbols selected.

Also provide a kind of method of reseptance, the method comprises the data symbol received the decode in signal of communication.Data symbol uses and is encoded from having the space-time coding matrices selected the space-time coding matrices of each auto correlation correlation matrix.The tracking of the association correlation matrix of the space-time coding matrices selected has maximum power.

Input and processor is comprised according to the present invention's system on the other hand.Input is configured to receive data symbol, processor is configured to determine multiple space-time coding matrices, wherein each matrix has the respective association correlation matrix with non-zero off-diagonal elements, select association correlation matrix to have a space-time coding matrices of the non-zero off-diagonal elements of minimum number, and use the space-time coding matrices encoded data symbols selected.

Further, present invention also offers a kind of system, this system has the input being configured to receive data symbol from signal of communication, this data symbol uses is encoded from having the space-time coding matrices coding selected multiple space-time coding matrices of each auto correlation correlation matrix, this correlation matrix has non-zero off-diagonal elements, the association correlation matrix of space-time coding matrices selected has the non-zero off-diagonal elements of minimum number, and the processor of the described encoded data symbols that is configured to decode.

System according to another aspect of the present invention comprises the input and processor that are configured to receive data symbol.This processor is configured to determine multiple space-time coding matrices, and each has respective association correlation matrix, with the space-time coding matrices selecting the tracking associating correlation matrix to have maximum power, and uses the space-time coding matrices encoded data symbols selected.

Relevant receiving system comprises the input that is configured to receive data symbol in the communication signal and the processor of this encoded data symbols that is configured to decode.The data symbol received uses and is encoded from having the space-time coding matrices selected the space-time coding matrices of each auto correlation correlation matrix, and the tracking of the association correlation matrix of the space-time coding matrices of selection has maximum power.

On the other hand, also provide a kind of data symbol to be transfused to and by the method for encoding.Data symbol uses the space-time coding matrices selected from multiple space-time coding matrices with each autocorrelation matrix to be encoded.Correlation matrix has non-zero off-diagonal elements, and the association correlation matrix of the space-time coding matrices selected has the non-zero off-diagonal elements of minimum number.

By the following description of specific embodiment of the present invention, common those skilled in the art can know other aspects and the feature of the embodiment of the present invention.

Accompanying drawing explanation

Now with reference to accompanying drawing, embodiments of the invention are described in detail, wherein

Fig. 1 is the system block diagram according to the embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is the flow chart of the method according to the embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is for the emulation of the embodiment of the present invention and the FER (frame error rate) of 4 × 2 communication plan examples and the figure of Eb/No (ratio of energy per bit and noise spectral density);

Fig. 4 is the figure for the emulation of the embodiment of the present invention and FER and the Eb/No of 4 × 1 communication plan examples;

Fig. 5 is the figure for the emulation of the further embodiment of the present invention and FER and the Eb/No of 4 × 1 communication plan examples;

Fig. 6 is the block diagram of the closed-loop system according to the embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 7 is the flow chart of the closed-loop policy according to the embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 8 is the figure for the emulation of closed-loop embodiment of the present invention and FER and the Eb/No of traditional closed-loop communication plan example;

Fig. 9 is the figure of FER and the Eb/No of emulation for Open loop and closed loop embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 10 is for being applicable to the block diagram of the embodiment of the present invention of CDMA (code division multiple access) communication system; And

Figure 11 is the block diagram of the further embodiment of the present invention being applicable to cdma communication system.

Embodiment

Have the antenna of fixed qty at transmitter, have the antenna of variable number and have in the MIMO communication system of adaptive coding's modulation operations at different receivers, the increase of reception antenna quantity can increase the exponent number of modulation thus increase spectrum efficiency.For the downlink communication of this system, base station or other network elements can be transmitters, but communication terminal or the equipment that is configured to operate in communication system can be receivers.

Such as, suppose in frequency-unselective slow-fading channels, system has M transmitting antenna and N number of reception antenna.Sampling baseband equivalence channel model by

Y＝HZ+η，(1)

Provide, wherein Y ∈ C ⁿfor the symbol that the antenna of the jth in N number of reception antenna receives;

H ∈ C ^{n × M}for complex channel matrix, the wherein plural narrowband Gaussian random process of (i, j) unit representative between i-th transmitting antenna and a jth reception antenna;

Z ∈ C ^mfor launching sign matrix, Z ∈ C ^mi-th unit be symbol i-th transmission antennas transmit;

η ∈ C ⁿfor additive white Gaussian noise, it is modeled as the zero-mean Cyclic Symmetry complex-valued Gaussian random vector with statistical iteration unit, namely, wherein for noise variance, I _nfor N ties up unit matrix; C ^xit is one group of x plural number.

As mentioned above, do not find the orthogonal space-time block codes matrix for any number of transmission antennas, also referred to as STBC (space-time block coding) matrix.For the system with more than 2 transmitting antennas, this kind of coding has very large one group of non-orthonormal combination.Therefore, the vital task limiting effective Space Time Coding is combined with chnnel coding to identify that space-time coding matrices is to obtain maximum diversity gain.

But, be such as infeasible by means of only simply thoroughly searching the best of breed searching for Space Time Coding.Even if it is too high for tending to computer based is searched to investigate amount of calculation needed for diversity gain to search emulation that then all possible encoder matrix carry out such as Monte-Carlo emulation.

According to one aspect of the present invention, the design of space-time coding matrices is the cross-correlation based on reducing in encoder matrix linear transformation.This conversion in correlation matrix with the non-zero coefficient correlation reducing quantity is called quasi-orthogonal space time block coding (QO-STBC) here.Although strictly speaking and nonopiate, this encoder matrix also provides the advantage of a lot of orthogonal coding matrix and is more prone to identify by searching, especially for having the comparatively High Dimensional Systems being greater than 2 transmitting antennas.

Fig. 1 is the system block diagram according to the embodiment of the present invention.System in Fig. 1 comprises transmitter 10 and receiver 22.Transmitter 10 comprises the space-time encoders 12 being connected to multiple M antennas 14,20.Similar, receiver 22 comprises the multiple N strip antennas 24,26 being connected to decoder 28.In a preferred embodiment, transmitter 10 is being supported to carry out with communication terminal being implemented in the base station of radio communication or other network elements, and receiver 22 is implemented in one or more communication terminal.Encoder 12, decoder 28, other of transmitter 10 and receiver 22 may can be provided by the application specific processor of all like DSP (digital signal processor) or general processor that not only executive signal process software also performs other softwares of such as operating system software or software application by parts.

Should be clear, the system described in Fig. 1 only for illustration of.Embodiments of the invention can in conjunction with have than shown in Fig. 1 less, the system of more or different from Fig. 1 parts realizes.Such as, those skilled in the art are clear, transmitter is except encoder 12 and antenna 14, outside 20, miscellaneous part can also be comprised, such as receiving or the symbol of process for transmitting, determining or memory encoding matrix, or the coded identification exported encoder 12 before transmission stores or the parts of other process.Similarly, receiver also can comprise the parts be further processed the Received signal strength of decoder 28 decoding.Equally, although show 2 antennas 24,26 in receiver 22, the present invention never depends on multiple reception antenna.Receiver can have one or more antenna.In addition, the communication equipment realizing transmitter 10 and receiver 22 can normally support that transmitting and receiving operate.

As can be apparent from the following describes, encoder 12 uses encoder matrix to encoding symbols, and illustrative modulation symbol can be QPSK (orthogonal PSK) or QAM (quadrature amplitude modulation) symbol.By antenna 14,20 launch and the symbol of the coding received by receiver 22 decoded by decoder 28.

F (S) is used to represent complex input symbols S=[s _{1, r}, s _{1, i}, s _{2, r}, s _{2, i}... s _{m, r}, s _{m, i}] ^t2M dimensional vector at the space-time coded symbols matrix of the output of encoder 12, wherein subscript r and i represents real part and the imaginary part of complex symbol respectively.The matrix that F (S) ties up for 2M × 2M.According to equation (1), conveniently ignore noise, the signal that receiver receives can be expressed as

Wherein y _{n, m, r}, y _{n, m, i}for being engraved in real part and the imaginary part of the complex sampling of the n-th reception antenna observation when m, h _{m, n, r}, h _{m, n, i}for from m transmitting antenna to the real part of the channel gain of the n-th reception antenna and imaginary part.

$\left[\begin{array}{ccc}{y}_{1,r}& \·\·\·& y_{4,r}\\ y_{1,i}& \·\·\·& y_{4,i}\end{array}\right]=\left[\begin{array}{ccccc}{h}_{1,r}& -h_{1,i}& \·\·\·& h_{4,r}& -h_{4,i}\\ h_{1,i}& h_{1,r}& \·\·\·& h_{4,i}& h_{4,r}\end{array}\right]F\left(S\right)=\mathrm{HF}\left(S\right)---\left(3\right)$

For 4 × 1 antenna configurations of M=4, N=1, equation (2) can be expressed as

Wherein it is the channel gain factors matrix of 2 × 2M=2 × 8.

In linear STBC situation, each of F (S) is classified as the linear combination of S vector component.Equation (3)

$Y=\left[\begin{array}{c}{y}_{1,r}\\ y_{1,i}\\ \·\·\·\\ y_{M,r}\\ y_{M,i}\end{array}\right]=\left[\begin{array}{c}{\mathrm{HF}}_1\\ \·\·\·\\ {\mathrm{HF}}_M\end{array}\right]S\≡\mathrm{\Φ}\left(H\right)S,---\left(4\right)$

Can be expressed as

Wherein F _mfor 2M × 2M matrix of the S SYSTEM OF LINEAR VECTOR conversion that F (S) matrix m arranges.

Consider the signal of STBC and transmitting, there is the linear transformation of Φ (H) the S vector of symbol.The performance of this conversion depends on the characteristic of encoder matrix.Therefore, according to one aspect of the present invention, looking into of encoder matrix

$R=\mathrm{\Φ}{\left(H\right)}^T\mathrm{\Φ}\left(H\right)=\underset{m=1}{\overset{M}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}{F_m}^T{H}^T{\mathrm{HF}}_m.---\left(5\right)$

Look for standard based on the correlation matrix of this linear transformation.According to equation (4), correlation matrix can be defined as

In correlation matrix, the quantity of non-zero coefficient correlation is reduced in one embodiment, and is minimized.According to preferred embodiment, when the multiple symbol of the slot transmission of equal number, the Unicode rate coding matrix shown by the list of encoder matrix is searched to identify the encoder matrix of association correlation matrix, and it has the nonzero element of minimum number.Shown below is three this complex matrixs only at corresponding correlation matrix with 4 pairs of non-zero coefficient correlations.

The space-time coding matrices of the first type

$F^{\left(1\right)}\left(S\right)=\left[\begin{array}{cccc}{s}_1& -{s_2}^{*}& -{s_3}^{*}& s_4\\ s_2& {s_1}^{*}& -{s_4}^{*}& -s_3\\ s_3& -{s_4}^{*}& {s_1}^{*}& -s_2\\ s_4& {s_3}^{*}& {s_2}^{*}& s_1\end{array}\right]---\left(6\right)$

There is following association correlation matrix

$R^{\left(1\right)}=\left[\begin{array}{cccccccc}d& 0& 0& 0& 0& 0& -2a& 0\\ 0& d& 0& 0& 0& 0& 0& -2a\\ 0& 0& d& 0& 2a& 0& 0& 0\\ 0& 0& 0& d& 0& 2a& 0& 0\\ 0& 0& 2a& 0& d& 0& 0& 0\\ 0& 0& 0& 2a& 0& d& 0& 0\\ -2a& 0& 0& 0& 0& 0& d& 0\\ 0& -2a& 0& 0& 0& 0& 0& d\end{array}\right],---\left(7\right)$

Wherein, ^*operator representation complex conjugate, a=Re{h ₂h ₃ ^*-h ₁h ₄ ^*,

The encoder matrix of the second type

$F^{\left(2\right)}\left(S\right)=\left[\begin{array}{cccc}{s}_1& -{s_3}^{*}& -{s_4}^{*}& s_2\\ s_2& {s_4}^{*}& {s_3}^{*}& s_1\\ s_3& {s_1}^{*}& -{s_2}^{*}& -s_4\\ s_4& -{s_2}^{*}& {s_1}^{*}& -s_3\end{array}\right]---\left(8\right)$

There is following association correlation matrix

$R^{\left(2\right)}=\left[\begin{array}{cccccccc}d& 0& 2b& 0& 0& 0& 0& 0\\ 0& d& 0& 2b& 0& 0& 0& 0\\ 2b& 0& d& 0& 0& 0& 0& 0\\ 0& 2b& 0& d& 0& 0& 0& 0\\ 0& 0& 0& 0& d& 0& -2b& 0\\ 0& 0& 0& 0& 0& d& 0& -2b\\ 0& 0& 0& 0& -2b& 0& d& 0\\ 0& 0& 0& 0& 0& -2b& 0& d\end{array}\right],---\left(9\right)$

Wherein b=Re{h ₁h ₂ ^*-h ₃h ₄ ^*.

The third type coding matrix

$F^{\left(3\right)}\left(S\right)=\left[\begin{array}{cccc}{s}_1& -{s_4}^{*}& -{s_2}^{*}& s_3\\ s_2& {-s_3}^{*}& {s_1}^{*}& -s_4\\ s_3& {s_2}^{*}& {s_4}^{*}& s_1\\ s_4& {s_1}^{*}& {-s_3}^{*}& -s_2\end{array}\right],---\left(10\right)$

Association correlation matrix is

$R^{\left(3\right)}=\left[\begin{array}{cccccccc}d& 0& 0& 0& 2c& 0& 0& 0\\ 0& d& 0& 0& 0& 2c& 0& 0\\ 0& 0& d& 0& 0& 0& 2c& 0\\ 0& 0& 0& d& 0& 0& 0& 2c\\ 2c& 0& 0& 0& d& 0& 0& 0\\ 0& 2c& 0& 0& 0& d& 0& 0\\ 0& 0& 2c& 0& 0& 0& d& 0\\ 0& 0& 0& 2c& 0& 0& 0& d\end{array}\right],---\left(11\right)$

Wherein c=Re{h ₁h ₃ ^*-h ₂h ₄ ^*.

Column permutation can performed also referred to as on above-mentioned three kinds of complex matrixs of female encoder matrix, thus obtain another STBC matrix.But, because this permutation matrix is the one in three kinds of QO-STBC matrixes of the non-zero coefficient correlation quantity with minimizing, so the performance of permutation matrix is identical with the performance of corresponding female encoder matrix.

Above-mentioned female encoder matrix is used for 4 × 1STTD and block length is the illustrative example of 4.The deduction of other dimensions of communication system is apparent to one skilled in the art.Such as, more than one for having

$a=\underset{n=1}{\overset{N}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}\mathrm{Re}\{h_{2,n}{h_{3,n}}^{*}-h_{1,n}{h_{4,n}}^{*}\};$

Reception antenna, correlation matrix has identical form, but has correlation coefficient value below:

$b=\underset{n=1}{\overset{N}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}\mathrm{Re}\{h_{1,n}{h_{2,n}}^{*}-h_{3,n}{h_{4,n}}^{*}\};$

$c=\underset{n=1}{\overset{N}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}\mathrm{Re}\{h_{1,n}{h_{3,n}}^{*}-h_{2,n}{h_{4,n}}^{*}\};$ And

$d=\underset{n=1}{\overset{N}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}\underset{m=1}{\overset{M}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}{\left|h_{m,n}\right|}^2.$

One skilled in the art should be clear, and this principle also can be applied to more than 4 transmitting antennas, and its coefficient correlation can be determined in a similar manner.

Analyze the correlation matrix in above-mentioned table, can know only there is paired correlation.For each STBC matrix, there is the association correlation matrix with only coefficient correlation.Such as, in the first matrix F ⁽¹⁾(S) exist by correlation matrix R in ⁽¹⁾diagonal entry and off diagonal element relative position instruction symbol s ₁, s ₄and s ₂, s ₃between correlation.Similarly, in the second matrix F ⁽²⁾(S) there is symbol s in ₁, s ₂and s ₃, s ₄between correlation, in the 3rd matrix F ⁽³⁾(S) there is symbol s in ₁, s ₃and s ₂, s ₄between correlation.For the coefficient correlation of all three matrixes, not only there is different values, and may to show these values be incoherent, namely E{ab}=E{bc}=E{ac}=0.Have these character, above-mentioned QO-STBC matrix can connect for longer matrix is to form so-called expansion quasi-orthogonal space time block coding (EQO-STBC), is expressed as

$\left[\begin{array}{cccccccccccc}{s}_1& -{s_2}^{*}& -{s_3}^{*}& s_4& s_5& -{s_7}^{*}& -{s_8}^{*}& s_6& s_9& -{s_{12}}^{*}& -{s_{10}}^{*}& s_{11}\\ s_2& {s_1}^{*}& -{s_4}^{*}& -s_3& s_6& {s_8}^{*}& {s_7}^{*}& s_5& s_{10}& -{s_{11}}^{*}& {s_9}^{*}& -s_{12}\\ s_3& -{s_4}^{*}& {s_1}^{*}& {-s}_2& s_7& {s_5}^{*}& -{s_6}^{*}& -s_8& s_{11}& {s_{10}}^{*}& {s_{12}}^{*}& s_9\\ s_4& {s_3}^{*}& {s_2}^{*}& s_1& s_8& -{s_6}^{*}& {s_5}^{*}& -s_7& s_{12}& {s_9}^{*}& -{s_{11}}^{*}& {-s}_{10}\end{array}\right].---\left(12\right)$

Because EQO-STBC has Unicode speed, when having 12 symbolic coding block lengths, effectively can increase the randomness of FEC (forward error correction) code word, thus improve the performance of system.Preferably can realize by being combined random any error burst with effective channel interleaving.

QO-STBC and EQO-STBC discussed above can be decoded by simple linear MMSE (least mean-square error) decoder effectively at receiver, such as, for all reception antenna configurations of decoding based on the MISO (multiple input single output) for single receive antenna.In this case, the increase of reception antenna quantity causes the increase of power efficiency substantially.But if the quantity of reception antenna is greater than 1, then observe from the available point of spectrum, it is low that EQO-STBC becomes efficiency.The method of puncture may be used for the efficiency increasing spectrum.Such as, by the puncture outfit of realization in encoder 12 or puncture can be provided as the separating component of transmitter 10.In one embodiment, the efficient decoding of EQO-STBC can be performed by MMSE receiver, even if when the block length of the reception antenna of N=2 is reduced to half.A kind of possible tapping mode is from puncture EQO-STBC (PEQO-STBC) encoder matrix below basic female EQO-STBC encoder matrix of equation (12) above produces:

$F(S_1,S_2,S_3)=\left[\begin{array}{cccccc}{s}_1& -{s_2}^{*}& s_5& -{s_7}^{*}& s_9& -{s_{12}}^{*}\\ s_2& {s_1}^{*}& s_6& {s_8}^{*}& s_{10}& -{s_{11}}^{*}\\ s_3& -{s_4}^{*}& s_7& {s_5}^{*}& s_{11}& {s_{10}}^{*}\\ s_4& {s_3}^{*}& s_8& -{s_6}^{*}& s_{12}& {s_9}^{*}\end{array}\right].---\left(13\right)$

The bit rate of this special PEQO-STBC is 2, because 12 symbols are launched in 6 time slots.Such as, this coding can be used as 4 × 2 antenna configurations, than the spectrum efficiency of 4 × 1 antenna configuration high twices for EQO-STBC.

The further increase of reception antenna quantity allows more puncture, and for 4 × 4 antenna configurations, we have known BLAST encoder matrix

$F(S_1,S_2,S_3)=\left[\begin{array}{ccc}{s}_1& s_5& s_9\\ s_2& s_6& s_{10}\\ s_3& s_7& s_{11}\\ s_4& s_8& s_{12}\end{array}\right]---\left(14\right)$

Certainly, it will be apparent to those skilled in that, different tapping mode can be used to obtain different PEQO-STBC matrixes from identical female encoder matrix.It should be pointed out that structure coding (that is, EQO-STBC, PEQO-STBC and BLAST) of three types can form three kinds based on the quantity of reception antenna and adapt to space-time encoding modes.Then such as can select specific space-time encoding modes based on communication channel condition, and change adaptively along with the change of condition.Receiver 22 has general receiver structure for all Three models, preferably include the MMSE decoder as decoder 28 and other possible common receiver parts, such as soft de-mapping device (soft de-mapper) and turbo decoder.

Fig. 2 is the flow chart of the method 30 according to the embodiment of the present invention.In step 32, such as by produce encoder matrix or from multiple generation or carry out selection and determine space-time coding matrices the encoder matrix that stores.Encoder matrix by decoder internal ground or by separate transmitter component outer ground or even previously determined by remote units, and can be stored for selection below, and to use during the symbolic coding of step 34.

The operation of step 32 can comprise the female encoder matrix of generation then the code rate that female encoder matrix puncture is expection.Like this, although be described three kinds of Unified coding rate coding matrixes above, encoder matrix can be produced and be punctured as Unified coding speed, or higher code rate.Puncture also may be used for the coding providing adaptation, and wherein such as based on communication channel condition, at least one punctured in ratio and tapping mode is changed.

In step 34, the encoding symbols that the encoder matrix using step 32 to determine receives the telecommunication circuit such as from transmitter.The symbol of coding can be launched or store for later transmitting after the coding of step 34.Certainly, the symbol of coding also can be processed by telecommunication circuit before transmission further.

The present invention is never defined as the ad hoc approach shown in Fig. 2.As mentioned above, the further operation of such as puncturing can be performed.In addition, in order to encode in step 34, before receiving symbol, can produce or select encoder matrix.In a preferred embodiment, such as above-mentioned matrix F ⁽¹⁾to F ⁽³⁾one or more female encoder matrix can produce and the memory being stored in receiver to be used as QO-STBC matrix afterwards or to produce EQO-STBC or PEQO-STBC matrix, this matrix also can be stored to use below.Therefore should be clear, the method according to the embodiment of the present invention can perform the step of Fig. 2 with different orders, and can comprise than shown step less or more.

A kind of conventional coding technology providing orthogonal 2 × 2STBC matrix of 2 diversity orders with 2 transmitting antennas and two reception antennas is used to be known.From the viewpoint of cordless communication network design, 2 diversity orders substantially increase network capacity or user's bit rate.But in order to obtain 2 diversity orders, usual such technology needs to realize two reception antennas at receiver.At the communication terminal usually also referred to as UE (subscriber equipment) or MS (mobile radio station), physical size and conflict restriction make the adaptability of two reception antennas complicate.Usually, use multiple antenna at the communication network element of such as base station and use individual antenna to provide 4 × 1 systems to be make us very much expecting at each communication terminal.

This has promoted the transmit diversity research that 3GPP is greater than two transmitting antennas.Two kinds of the most general schemes proposed comprise the scheme of the so-called D-STTD (two STTD) with 4 × 2 configurations and the STTD-OTD with 4 × 1 configurations also to obtain 2 diversity order gains.

When having the D-STTD of 4 × 2 antenna configurations and following encoder matrix

$F\left(S_1\right)=\left[\begin{array}{cc}{s}_1& -{s_2}^{*}\\ s_2& {s_1}^{*}\\ s_3& -{s_4}^{*}\\ s_4& {s_3}^{*}\end{array}\right],---\left(15\right)$

Correlation matrix can be written as

$R=\left[\begin{array}{cccccccc}{d}_{12}& 0& 0& 0& e& -f& -a& -g\\ 0& d_{12}& 0& 0& f& e& g& -a\\ 0& 0& d_{12}& 0& a& -g& -e& f\\ 0& 0& 0& d_{12}& g& a& -f& -e\\ e& f& a& g& d_{34}& 0& 0& 0\\ -f& e& -g& a& 0& d_{34}& 0& 0\\ -a& g& -e& -f& 0& 0& d_{34}& 0\\ -g& -a& f& -e& 0& 0& 0& d_{34}\end{array}\right],---\left(16\right)$

Wherein

$d_{\mathrm{1,2}}=\underset{n=1}{\overset{N}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}\underset{m=\mathrm{1,2}}{\mathrm{\Σ}}{\left|h_{m,n}\right|}^2;$

$d_{3,4}=\underset{n=1}{\overset{N}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}\underset{m=3,4}{\mathrm{\Σ}}{\left|h_{m,n}\right|}^2;$

$a=\underset{n=1}{\overset{N}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}\mathrm{Re}\{h_{2,n}{h_{3,n}}^{*}-h_{1,n}{h_{4,n}}^{*}\};$

$e=\underset{n=1}{\overset{N}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}\mathrm{Re}\{h_{1,n}{h_{3,n}}^{*}+h_{2,n}{h_{4,n}}^{*}\};$

$f=\underset{n=1}{\overset{N}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}\mathrm{Re}\{-h_{1,n}{h_{3,n}}^{*}+h_{2,n}{h_{4,n}}^{*}\};$ And

$g=\underset{n=1}{\overset{N}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}\mathrm{Re}\{{-h}_{2,n}{h_{3,n}}^{*}-h_{1,n}{h_{4,n}}^{*}\}.$

Those skilled in the art are clear, and the diagonal entry of this matrix is only proportional with the power of two symbols, and it is expressed as channel factor h _{m, n}, and each has the central x of 8 degrees of freedom ²distribution.In this configuration, 6 kinds of other diagonal values are also possible, and the right power of each and other symbols is proportional and have the x of 8 degrees of freedom ²central distribution.

According to another aspect of the present invention, the version of coding is determined, 8 wherein all in correlation matrix values all exist.This scheme is possible, and such as, wherein different encoding schemes is used as real part and the imaginary part of complex symbol.The version of the best nonopiate STTD of part that encoder matrix representative is below determined according to one embodiment of the invention.

$F\left(S_1\right)=\mathrm{Re}\left\{\left[\begin{array}{cc}{s}_1& s_2\\ -{s_2}^{*}& {s_1}^{*}\\ s_3& s_4\\ -{s_4}^{*}& {s_3}^{*}\end{array}\right]\right\}+\mathrm{jIm}\left\{\left[\begin{array}{cc}{s}_1& s_2\\ -{s_2}^{*}& {s_1}^{*}\\ s_3& s_4\\ -{s_4}^{*}& {s_3}^{*}\end{array}\right]\right\}=\left[\begin{array}{cc}{s}_1& \mathrm{Re}\left\{s_2\right\}+\mathrm{jIm}\left\{s_3\right\}\\ s_2& \mathrm{Re}\{-s_3\}+\mathrm{jIm}\{-s_4\}\\ s_3& \mathrm{Re}\{-s_4\}+\mathrm{jIm}\{-s_1\}\\ s_4& \mathrm{Re}\{-s_1\}+\mathrm{jIm}\left\{s_2\right\}\end{array}\right],---\left(17\right)$

There is correlation matrix

$R=\left[\begin{array}{cccccccc}{{\stackrel{\‾}{h}}_1}^2+{{\stackrel{\‾}{h}}_4}^2& *& *& *& *& *& *& *\\ *& {{\stackrel{\‾}{h}}_1}^2+{{\stackrel{\‾}{h}}_3}^2& *& *& *& 0& *& *\\ *& *& {{\stackrel{\‾}{h}}_2}^2+{{\stackrel{\‾}{h}}_1}^2& *& *& *& *& *\\ *& *& *& {{\stackrel{\‾}{h}}_2}^2+{{\stackrel{\‾}{h}}_4}^2& *& *& *& 0\\ 0& *& *& *& {{\stackrel{\‾}{h}}_3}^2+{{\stackrel{\‾}{h}}_2}^2& *& *& *\\ *& *& *& *& *& {{\stackrel{\‾}{h}}_3}^2+{{\stackrel{\‾}{h}}_1}^2& *& *\\ *& *& 0& *& *& *& {{\stackrel{\‾}{h}}_4}^2+{{\stackrel{\‾}{h}}_3}^2& *\\ *& *& *& *& *& *& *& {{\stackrel{\‾}{h}}_4}^2+{{\stackrel{\‾}{h}}_2}^2\end{array}\right],---\left(18\right)$

Wherein and ^*represent nonzero element.

The calculating of nonzero element it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that, and therefore, here in order to simply clearly not specify this value.

Can find out that the diagonal element of above-mentioned correlation matrix comprises likely combining of channel matrix element, and introduce a large amount of non-zero coefficient correlation.This encoding scheme mainly refers to have the nonopiate STBC of randomization (RNO-STBC) that bit rate is 2 in the above example.But, the embodiment of above-mentioned QO-STBC is designed to minimize multiple non-zero coefficient correlation, it is the off diagonal element of the correlation matrix be associated with QO-STBC encoder matrix, and RNO-STBC is designed to increase or improve, and preferably maximizes the tracking power of correlation matrix.

Fig. 3 is the figure for the emulation of the embodiment of the present invention and FER and the Eb/No of 4 × 2 communication plan examples.Should know that the figure represented by Fig. 3 is only used for illustrating, the present invention is never limited to the simulated conditions listed by Fig. 3 top.Frame length L=1280 is an illustrative example of frame length, speed R=1/2Turbo coding stands before or after Space Time Coding to the further process of semiology analysis, and QPSK modulation be a kind of technology example producing data symbol.Similarly, MMSE receiver is an example of the receiver of a type, in conjunction with this receiver, can decode to the symbol of encoding according to the embodiment of the present invention.Those skilled in the art should know the receiver of other suitable type.

As can be seen from the simulation result of Fig. 3, RNO-STBC is better than D-STTD, when FER is approximately 1.00E-02, provide about 1dB gain, and PEQO-STBC is better than RNO-STBC and D-STTD.As shown in the figure, be approximately the simulated conditions of 1.00E-02 at FER under, PEQO-STBC provides the gain more than the about 2dB of D-STTD.

The simulation result of Fig. 3 corresponds to 4 × 2 antenna configurations.Above-mentioned technology also can be applied to 4 × 1 and be configured to and other configurations.Those skilled in the art will know that 4 × 1 configurations for schematic example, STTD-OTD and D-STTD is similar, has encoder matrix

$F\left(S_1\right)=\left[\begin{array}{cccc}{s}_1& s_1& s_2& s_2\\ -{s_2}^{*}& -{s_2}^{*}& {s_1}^{*}& {s_1}^{*}\\ s_3& s_3& s_4& s_4\\ -{s_4}^{*}& -{s_4}^{*}& {s_3}^{*}& {s_3}^{*}\end{array}\right].---\left(19\right)$

Fig. 4 and Fig. 5 is the figure for the emulation of the embodiment of the present invention and FER and the Eb/No of 4 × 1 communication plan examples.As the description in conjunction with above-mentioned Fig. 3, should be clear, the figure of Fig. 4 and Fig. 5 is expressed for illustrative purposes, and the present invention is never defined as these particular dummy conditions, namely has Turbo coding and QPSK modulation (Fig. 4) or 64QAM modulation (Fig. 5).

In figures 4 and 5, QO-STBC is better than STTD-OTD, and EQO-STBC is better than QO-STBC, and when FER is approximately 1.00E-02, it provides the gain of the about 1dB more than STTD-OTD.

Again with reference to above-mentioned QO-STBC encoder matrix, the coefficient correlation in corresponding correlation matrix is only limited by a value.Such as, for having correlation matrix R ⁽¹⁾a QO-STBC matrix F ⁽¹⁾, have | R _{k, m}|=2|Re{h ₁h ₄ ^*-h ₂h ₃ ^*| (20)

Wherein (k, m) ∈ { (1 _r, 4 _r), (1 _i, 4 _i), (2 _r, 3 _r), (2 _i, 3 _i).

Phase rotation factor is introduced for the first and second transmitting antennas

Θ _1，2＝exp(jθ _1，2) (21)

There is the pertinency factor of this phase rotation factor, become

|R _m，n|＝2|Re{Θ _1，2(h ₁h ₄ ^*-h ₂h ₃ ^*)}|. (22)

θ _1，2＝-arg(h ₁h ₄ ^*-h ₂h ₃ ^*)+π/2， (23)

${\mathrm{\θ}}_{\mathrm{1,2}}=-\arg \left\{\underset{n=1}{\overset{N}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}(h_{1,n}{h_{4,n}}^{*}-h_{2,n}{h_{3,n}}^{*})\right\}+\mathrm{\π}/2.---\left(24\right)$

If the phase calculation of phase rotation factor is

So all pertinency factors will equal zero.If the quantity of reception antenna is greater than one, so following similar rule can be defined for correct phase rotating:

Thus, according to one embodiment of the present of invention, by the phase place of the first and second transmitting antennas is all adjusted to identical value, just can orthogonalization STBC coding covariance matrix.In this case, diversity gain can be maximum, is 4 for 4 × 1 systems.

Similarly, for the QO-STBC matrix of above-mentioned Second Type, have

|R _m，n|＝2|Re{h ₁h ₂ ^*-h ₃h ₄ ^*}|. (25)

For such QO-STBC, first and the 3rd transmitting antenna phase place preferably, use following phase angle to adjust

θ _1，3＝-arg(h ₁h ₂ ^*-h ₃h ₄ ^*)+π/2. (26)

For the QO-STBC matrix of the third type,

|R _m，n|＝2|Re{h ₁h ₃ ^*-h ₂h ₄ ^*}|，(27)

First and the 4th transmitting antenna phase place preferably, use following phase angle to adjust

θ _1，4＝-arg(h ₁h ₃ ^*-h ₂h ₄ ^*)+π/2.(28)

Because the characteristic of channel is only depended in above-mentioned phase angle, so these phase angles also may be used for adjustment wherein use F ⁽¹⁾, F ⁽²⁾and F ⁽³⁾displacement or puncture version antenna.

Fig. 6 is the block diagram of the closed-loop system according to the embodiment of the present invention.The exemplary closed loop system of Fig. 6 comprises transmitter 40 and receiver 42.Transmitter 40 comprises and is connected to M=4 antenna 46,48, the space-time encoders 44 of 50,52, is connected to encoder 44 and the first two antenna 46, the plural multiplexer 54,56 in the signalling channel between 48, and is connected to the phaser 58 of plural multiplexer 54,56.Receiver 42 comprises the antenna 60 being connected to decoder 62, and decoder 62 is connected to phase angle estimator 64.Although show clearly the independent feedback channel between receiver 42 and transmitter 40 in figure 6, but skilled in the art will recognize that this channel is preferably provided as radio communication channel, so that the feedback information be described below in detail feeds back to transmitter 40 by receiver 42 by antenna 60.As mentioned above, transmitter 40 and receiver 42 can comprise than Fig. 6 know display further or different parts.

At transmitter 40, encoder 44 and antenna 46,48,50,52 are substantially according to carrying out as mentioned above operating to encode and launch symbol to receiver 42, and decoder 62 is decoded to the symbol received by antenna 60.

According to one embodiment of the present of invention, as mentioned above, the phase angle of phase rotation factor is determined based on communication channel gain factor by phase angle estimator 64.In a preferred embodiment, feedback information comprises the single real number irrelevant with the quantity of reception antenna, is 1 in figure 6.Such as use and be used for 1,2, the selection of three class values below 3 bit feedback, the phase angle of estimation can be quantized

1 bit feedback

2 bit feedback

3 bit feedback

Also feedback bits, quantization step and the quantization level of other quantity can be used.

Feedback information is received at transmitter 40 and is used by phaser 58 above-mentioned for 1, and the suitable imaging transformation of 2,3 bit feedback is phase angle.Then phase rotation factor is determined, is applied to by plural multiplexer 54,56 signal outputting to the first two antenna 46,48.Plural number multiplexer 54,56 is the example of phase shifter, and can use the phase shifter of other types in alternative embodiments of the invention to substitute.

The system of Fig. 6 illustrates a kind of illustrative examples of closed-loop system.Should be clear, the present invention is never only for therewith.

Such as, the system of Fig. 6 provides phase rotating at the first and second antennas 46,48, thus corresponds to the QO-STBC matrix of the first above-mentioned type.Substantially similar with the system of the third type QO-STBC matrix for second, have and be connected at encoder 44 and antenna 46,48,50, the plural multiplexer 54,56 of the various combination of the signal path between 52.Wherein, the function of plural multiplexer 54,56 can realize with software mode, and phase rotation factor can be applied to the combination in any of the signal path using basic same transmit machine.

In addition, the system of Fig. 6 shows the feedback from receiver 42 to the information of transmitter 40.If transmitter 40 can determine channel gain factors, so the determination at phase angle can perform at transmitter 40.Similarly, although receiver 42 comprises phase angle estimator 64 in figure 6, receiver can determine phase angle to transmitter feedback channel gain information for by transmitter on the contrary, or determines and the phase rotation factor of feedback application to transmitter 40.In former situation, more feedback information launched by receiver, but the calculating at phase angle is unloaded to transmitter.Like this, can be clear, receiver 42 can feedback phase rotation factor or in transmitter 40 for determining the information that phase rotation factor uses.

As mentioned above, different phase angles may be used for different encoder matrixs.In the preferred embodiment fed back for receiver, receiver 42 is configured to the operation with particular type QO-STBC matrix, and is adapted for and determines corresponding feedback information.According to other embodiments, transmitter 40 provides the instruction of encoder matrix type to receiver 42.Alternatively, receiver 42 is determined and the feedback information that multiple encoder matrix is associated, and only selects for specific coding matrix and launch particular feedback information, or to transmitter 40 transmitting feedback information, then it select particular feedback information for encoder matrix.

Fig. 7 is the flow chart of the closed-loop policy 70 according to the embodiment of the present invention.72 and 74, encoder matrix is determined and for coded identification, substantially as mentioned above.In one embodiment of the invention, phase rotation factor is determined by the receiver of coded identification 76.Then, 78, the symbol of coding uses this phase rotation factor to be rotated.Phase rotation factor is preferably determined thus in the rotation of 78, the off-diagonal pertinency factor in the correlation matrix of encoder matrix is forced to zero.

Present consideration has may combining of the QO-STBC of closed-loop control for 4 × 2 configurations.In this case, the QO-STBC of puncture can be used by further puncture QO-STBC.For the QO-STBC of the first type above-mentioned, after piercing, have

$F\left(S_1\right)=\left[\begin{array}{cc}{s}_1& -{s_2}^{*}\\ s_2& {s_1}^{*}\\ s_3& -{s_4}^{*}\\ s_4& {s_3}^{*}\end{array}\right],---\left(29\right)$

It is identical with D-STTD.Correlation matrix, as above provides, but has slight not isolabeling:

$R=\left[\begin{array}{cccccccc}A+B& 0& 0& 0& G+Q& -H+P& K-M& -L-N\\ 0& A+B& 0& 0& H-P& G+Q& L+N& K-M\\ 0& 0& B+A& 0& M-K& -N-L& -Q-G& -P+H\\ 0& 0& 0& B+A& N+L& M-K& P-H& -Q-G\\ G+Q& H-P& M-K& N+L& C+D& 0& 0& 0\\ -H+P& G+Q& -N-L& M-K& 0& C+D& 0& 0\\ K-M& L+N& -Q-G& P-H& 0& 0& D+C& 0\\ -L-N& K-M& -P+H& -Q-G& 0& 0& 0& D+C\end{array}\right],---\left(30\right)$

Wherein

A＝h _1，r ²+h _1，i ²；

B＝h _2，r ²+h _2，i ²；

C＝h _3，r ²+h _3，i ²；

D＝h _4，r ²+h _4，i ²；

G＝h _1，rh _3，r+h _1，ih _3，i；

H＝-h _1，ih _3，r+h _1，rh _3，i；

K＝h _1，rh _4，r+h _1，ih _4，i；

L＝-h _1，ih _4，r+h _1，rh _4，i；

M＝h _2，rh _3，r+h _2，ih _3，i；

N＝-h _2，ih _3，r+h _2，rh _3，i；

Q=h _{2, r}h _{4, r}+ h _{2, i}h _{4, i}; And

P＝-h _2，ih _4，r+h _2，rh _4，i.

The gross power with the correlation peak of several reception antenna is

∑R ²＝(G+Q) ²+(H-P) ²+(M-K) ²+(N+L) ²＝|H ₃₁+H ₂₄| ²+|H ₃₂-H ₁₄| ²(31)

Wherein

$H_{13}=\underset{n=1}{\overset{N}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}{h}_{1,n}{h_{3,n}}^{*};$

$H_{24}=\underset{n=1}{\overset{N}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}{h}_{2,n}{h_{4,n}}^{*};$

$H_{32}=\underset{n=1}{\overset{N}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}{h}_{3,n}{h_{2,n}}^{*};$ And

$H_{14}=\underset{n=1}{\overset{N}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}{h}_{1,n}{h_{4,n}}^{*}.$

∑R(θ _1，2) ²＝|H ₃₁exp(-jθ _1，2)+H ₂₄exp(jθ _1，2)| ²

(32)

+|H ₃₂exp(-jθ _1，2)-H ₁₄exp(jθ _1，2)| ²

When the first and second transmitting antennas have above-mentioned shared rotation factor Θ _1,2=exp (j θ _1,2) time, correlation peak gross power depends on the phase place of rotation factor, as follows:

Can find out, about specific rotatable phase θ _1,2, correlation peak gross power has minimum value, thus dependence has phase theta _1,2the first and second transmitting antennas phase place adjustment, can reduce 4 × 2 configuration STBC conversion correlation peak aggregate level.According to above to phase angle judgement description, the derivation of the respective phase angle value of the present embodiment is obvious to those skilled in the art.

Fig. 8 is the figure for the emulation of closed-loop embodiment of the present invention and FER and the Eb/No of traditional closed-loop communication system scheme case.As shown, the present invention is never limited to the particular dummy condition of Fig. 8 top instruction.Be approximately the condition of 1.00E-02 at FER under, 1 bit feedback that QO-STBC (CL) indicates provides the gain of about 1.5dB relative to closed loop D-STTD scheme, under identical FER, CL2, CL4, CL8 indicate respectively 2,4,8 bit feedback provide the gain of about 2dB relative to closed loop D-STTD.

Fig. 9 is the figure of FER and the Eb/No of emulation for Open loop and closed loop embodiment of the present invention.In this case, for listed simulated conditions, 1 bit feedback provides the gain of about 0.75dB, and the feedback of 2,4,8 bits is when FER is approximately 1.00E-02, provides the higher gain of about 1.5dB.

For all simulation results listed here, should know simulated conditions only for illustration of object, the present invention is never only for therewith.Equally, for different simulated conditions, simulation result also can be different.

Figure 10 and 11 is the block diagrams of the embodiment of the present invention being applicable to cdma communication system.In Fig. 10, the output of space-time encoders 80 is connected to plural multiplexer 82,84,86,88, and above-mentioned plural multiplexer is connected to antenna 96,98,100,102.Delay stage 90,92 are connected to encoder 80 and multiplexer 86, the signalling channel between 88 thus time delay coding symbol.Delay stage 94 similarly time delay such as from memory recover scrambler.

In operation, at plural multiplexer 82,84,86, in 88, scrambler is applied to the coded identification from encoder 80, and wherein scrambler uses above-mentioned space-time coding matrices to be encoded.Delay stage 90,92,94 produce the extra time delay version as the signal of artificial multiple signals.The generation of these multiple signals can think a kind of form of Space Time Coding, and equally, therefore these multiple signals can be separated and combination by decoder during sky.

The system of Figure 11 is the one replacement realization of 4 transmitting antenna QO-STTD schemes, and it comprises multiple encoders 104,106,108,110 of the input having and receive and be launched symbol and the output being connected to plural multiplexer 112,114,116,118.Plural number multiplexer is connected to signal combiner, is illustrated as adder 120,122,124.The output of adder 124 is connected to antenna 126,128,130,132.Delay stage 134,136,138 time delays are used for being input to plural multiplexer 114,116, the scrambler of 118.

The Dynamic System of Figure 11 is similar to the system of Figure 10, and wherein scrambler is applied to from encoder 104 by plural multiplexer 112,114,116,118,106,108,110 coded identifications exported.But in fig. 11, the room and time aspect of Space Time Coding is separated.Each of each encoder 104,106,108,110 use space-time coding matrices arranges coding input symbol effectively.Like this, encoded by encoder 104 at the symbol of the first transferred during time slots, the symbol of each time slot is by encoder 106 thereafter, 108,110 codings.Each delay stage 134,136,138 is scrambler time delay 1 time slot, thus the symbols at of scrambler and corresponding time slot.

Foregoing is only the illustrative application of the principle of the invention.Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, those skilled in the art can realize other configuration and method.

Such as, although mainly use the symbol context of such as QPSK or qam symbol to be described in embodiments of the invention, the present invention is never only for therewith.Symbol not only comprises such modulation symbol, also comprises the other types part of the information be launched, block, or process version.

In addition, embodiments of the invention can combine to realize from multiple different frame and structure of time slot.According to preferred embodiment, encoding scheme is applicable to the frame compatible with HSDPA (high-speed downlink packet accesses) and structure of time slot.

Claims (27)

1. the method in transmitter, described method comprises:

Determine multiple space-time coding matrices, each matrix has the respective association correlation matrix comprising multiple non-zero off-diagonal elements;

Select in multiple space-time coding matrices, wherein associate the non-zero off-diagonal elements that correlation matrix has minimum number;

Use the space-time coding matrices selected to data encoding symbols; And

The data symbol of coding is sent by multiple antenna.

2. the space-time coding matrices the method for claim 1, wherein wherein selected comprises the multiple row corresponding respectively to multiple transmitting antenna and the multiple row corresponding respectively to multiple time slots that data symbol is launched wherein.

3. method as claimed in claim 2, wherein multiple transmitting antenna comprises 4 transmitting antennas, and wherein multiple space-time coding matrices comprises

$F^{\left(1\right)}\left(S\right)=\left[\begin{array}{cccc}{s}_1& -{s_2}^{*}& -{s_3}^{*}& s_4\\ s_2& {s_1}^{*}& -{s_4}^{*}& -s_3\\ s_3& -{s_4}^{*}& {s_1}^{*}& -s_2\\ s_4& {s_3}^{*}& {s_2}^{*}& s_1\end{array}\right],$ $F^{\left(2\right)}\left(S\right)=\left[\begin{array}{cccc}{s}_1& -{s_3}^{*}& -{s_4}^{*}& s_2\\ s_2& {s_4}^{*}& {s_3}^{*}& s_1\\ s_3& {s_1}^{*}& {{-s}_2}^{*}& -s_4\\ s_4& {-s_2}^{*}& {s_1}^{*}& -s_3\end{array}\right],$ $F^{\left(3\right)}\left(S\right)=\left[\begin{array}{cccc}{s}_1& -{s_4}^{*}& -{s_2}^{*}& s_3\\ s_2& {-s_3}^{*}& {s_1}^{*}& -s_4\\ s_3& {s_2}^{*}& {s_4}^{*}& s_1\\ s_4& {s_1}^{*}& -{s_3}^{*}& {-s}_2\end{array}\right],$ Comprise F ⁽¹⁾(S), F ⁽²⁾, or F (S) ⁽³⁾(S) matrix of column permutation, F ⁽¹⁾(S), F ⁽²⁾, or F (S) ⁽³⁾(S) puncturing matrices, and matrix comprises F ⁽¹⁾(S), F ⁽²⁾, or F (S) ⁽³⁾(S) cascade, wherein s ₁, s ₂, s ₃and s ₄for data symbol.

4. the method for claim 1, wherein punctured the space-time coding matrices selected before carrying out described coding, to use the space-time coding matrices of puncture to perform described coding.

5. method as claimed in claim 4, wherein, puncture comprises according to the space-time coding matrices selected by the puncture of adaptability puncturing ratio.

6. method as claimed in claim 4, the space-time coding matrices selected in it comprises:

$F(S_1,S_2,S_3)=$

$\left[\begin{array}{cccccccccccc}{s}_1& {{-s}_2}^{*}& -{s_3}^{*}& s_4& s_5& -{s_7}^{*}& -{s_8}^{*}& s_6& s_9& -{s_{12}}^{*}& -{s_{10}}^{*}& s_{11}\\ s_2& {s_1}^{*}& -{s_4}^{*}& -s_3& s_6& {s_8}^{*}& {s_7}^{*}& s_5& s_{10}& -{s_{11}}^{*}& {s_9}^{*}& -s_{12}\\ s_3& -{s_4}^{*}& {s_1}^{*}& -s_2& s_7& {s_5}^{*}& -{s_6}^{*}& -s_8& s_{11}& {s_{10}}^{*}& {s_{12}}^{*}& s_9\\ s_4& {s_3}^{*}& {s_2}^{*}& s_1& s_8& -{s_6}^{*}& {s_5}^{*}& -s_7& s_{12}& {s_9}^{*}& -{s_{11}}^{*}& -s_{10}\end{array}\right]$

Wherein, s ₁to s ₁₂for data symbol.

7. method according to claim 4, wherein puncture comprises the puncturing matrices that the space-time coding matrices selected by puncture is selected from the group comprising following formula with generation: $F(S_1,S_2,S_3)=\left[\begin{array}{cccccc}{s}_1& -{s_2}^{*}& s_5& -{s_7}^{*}& s_9& -{s_{12}}^{*}\\ s_2& {s_1}^{*}& s_6& {s_8}^{*}& s_{10}& -{s_{11}}^{*}\\ s_3& -{s_4}^{*}& s_7& {s_5}^{*}& s_{11}& {s_{10}}^{*}\\ s_4& {s_3}^{*}& s_8& -{s_6}^{*}& s_{12}& {s_9}^{*}\end{array}\right]$ With $F(S_1,S_2,S_3)=\left[\begin{array}{ccc}{s}_1& s_5& s_9\\ s_2& s_6& s_{10}\\ s_3& s_7& s_{11}\\ s_4& s_8& s_{12}\end{array}\right]$

Wherein, s ₁to s ₁₂for data symbol.

8. the method for claim 1, comprises further: determine phase rotation factor; And phase rotation factor is applied to the data symbol of coding, wherein phase rotation factor is determined to reduce the value of the off diagonal element of the correlation matrix be associated with selected space-time coding matrices.

9. method as claimed in claim 8, wherein, determines that phase rotation factor comprises receiving phase rotation factor from the receiver that data symbol is sent to.

10. method as claimed in claim 8, wherein, determines that phase rotation factor comprises: receiving feedback information from the receiver that data symbol is sent to; And calculate phase rotation factor based on feedback information.

11. each the method for claim 1, wherein in multiple space-time coding matrices have $\left[\begin{array}{c}{F}_1\\ F_2\\ \·\·\\ F_M\end{array}\right]$ Form, and each correlation matrix has form, wherein, R is correlation matrix, and H is the matrix of channel gain factors, M>=2, matrix F ₁to F _min each matrix F _mfor 2M × 2M matrix, M>=m>=2, wherein M is the number of transmitting antenna.

Method in 12. 1 kinds of receivers, described method comprises:

By the signal of communication of multiple antenna receiving package containing data symbol, described data symbol uses and comprises the space-time coding matrices selected multiple space-time coding matrices of the respective association correlation matrix of multiple non-zero off-diagonal elements encoded from having, and the association correlation matrix of the space-time coding matrices of selection has the non-zero off-diagonal elements of minimum number; And

The data symbol of coding is decoded.

13. methods as claimed in claim 12, comprise: determine feedback information further; And feedback information is transmitted into the transmitter of signal of communication, for the data symbol of encoding subsequently.

14. methods as claimed in claim 12, wherein, decoding comprises MMSE (least mean-square error) decoding.

15. methods as claimed in claim 13, wherein feedback information comprises the phase angle of phase rotation factor, and it is applied to the value of the off diagonal element of the correlation matrix that data symbol is subsequently associated with the space-time coding matrices reduced with select.

16. methods as claimed in claim 15, wherein feedback information comprises the coding representing phase angle.

17. methods as claimed in claim 13, wherein determine to comprise: the gain factor determining communication channel; And determine phase angle based on the gain factor of communication channel.

18. methods as claimed in claim 17, the receiver with N strip antenna is performed and is configured to the 4 strip antenna receiving communication signals from transmitter, described signal of communication comprises the data symbol used from comprising the encoder matrix coding selected the group of lower column matrix:

$F^{\left(1\right)}\left(S\right)=\left[\begin{array}{cccc}{s}_1& -{s_2}^{*}& -{s_3}^{*}& s_4\\ s_2& {s_1}^{*}& -{s_4}^{*}& -s_3\\ s_3& -{s_4}^{*}& {s_1}^{*}& -s_2\\ s_4& {s_3}^{*}& {s_2}^{*}& s_1\end{array}\right],$ $F^{\left(2\right)}\left(S\right)=\left[\begin{array}{cccc}{s}_1& -{s_3}^{*}& -{s_4}^{*}& s_2\\ s_2& {s_4}^{*}& {s_3}^{*}& s_1\\ s_3& {s_1}^{*}& {{-s}_2}^{*}& -s_4\\ s_4& {-s_2}^{*}& {s_1}^{*}& -s_3\end{array}\right],$ $F^{\left(3\right)}\left(S\right)=\left[\begin{array}{cccc}{s}_1& -{s_4}^{*}& -{s_2}^{*}& s_3\\ s_2& {-s_3}^{*}& {s_1}^{*}& -s_4\\ s_3& {s_2}^{*}& {s_4}^{*}& s_1\\ s_4& {s_1}^{*}& -{s_3}^{*}& {-s}_2\end{array}\right],$ Comprise F ¹(S), F ², or F (S) ³(S) matrix of column permutation, and F ¹(S), F ², or F (S) ³(S) puncturing matrices, wherein s ₁, s ₂, s ₃and s ₄for data symbol; Wherein, determine that phase angle comprises the phase angle θ determining phase rotation factor Θ=exp (j θ), wherein $\mathrm{\θ}={\mathrm{\θ}}_{\mathrm{1,2}}=-\arg \left\{\underset{n=1}{\overset{N}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}(h_{1,n}{h_{4,n}}^{*}-h_{2,n}{h_{3,n}}^{*})\right\}+\mathrm{\π}/2,$ For F ⁽¹⁾(S), F is comprised ⁽¹⁾(S) matrix of column permutation or F ⁽¹⁾(S) phase angle of the phase rotation factor of data symbol in the first and second row of puncturing matrices; $\mathrm{\θ}={\mathrm{\θ}}_{1,3}=-\arg \left\{\underset{n=1}{\overset{N}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}(h_{1,n}{h_{2,n}}^{*}-h_{3,n}{h_{4,n}}^{*})\right\}+\mathrm{\π}/2,$ For F ⁽²⁾(S), F is comprised ⁽²⁾(S) matrix of column permutation or F ⁽²⁾(S) phase angle of the phase rotation coefficient of data symbol in first and the third line of puncturing matrices; And $\mathrm{\θ}={\mathrm{\θ}}_{1,4}=-\arg \left\{\underset{n=1}{\overset{N}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}(h_{1,n}{h_{3,n}}^{*}-h_{2,n}{h_{4,n}}^{*})\right\}+\mathrm{\π}/2,$ For F ⁽³⁾(S), F is comprised ⁽³⁾(S) matrix of column permutation or F ⁽³⁾(S) phase angle of the phase rotation coefficient of data symbol in first and fourth line of puncturing matrices; And h _m,ncomprise the n-th communication channel gain factor be associated with the m of 4 antennas and N number of receiver antenna.

19. methods as claimed in claim 18, wherein feedback information comprises the communication channel gain factor for calculating phase rotation factor, and it is applied to data symbol subsequently to reduce the value of the off diagonal element of correlation matrix.

20. methods as claimed in claim 12, wherein, each in multiple space-time coding matrices has $\left[\begin{array}{c}{F}_1\\ F_2\\ \·\·\\ F_M\end{array}\right]$ Form, and each correlation matrix has form, wherein, R is correlation matrix, and H is the matrix of channel gain factors, M>=2, matrix F ₁to F _min each matrix F _mfor 2M × 2M matrix, M>=m>=2, wherein M is the number of transmitting antenna.

21. methods as claimed in claim 12, wherein, punctured the space-time coding matrices selected before encoding, the described data symbol so that the space-time coding matrices of use puncture is encoded.

22. 1 kinds of systems, comprising:

Be configured to the input receiving data symbol; With

Processor, be configured to determine multiple space-time coding matrices, wherein each matrix all has the respective association correlation matrix comprising multiple non-zero off-diagonal elements, select in multiple space-time coding matrices, wherein associate the non-zero off-diagonal elements that correlation matrix has minimum number, and use the space-time coding matrices encoded data symbols selected.

23. the system as claimed in claim 22, implement in the network element of communication network, described communication network comprises at least one receiver further, wherein said processor is configured to the data symbol sending coding at least one receiver, and each receiver wherein at least one receiver comprises: the input being configured to the data symbol of received code; And processor, be configured to decode to the data symbol of coding, determine feedback information, and to the data symbol of network element transmitting feedback information for encoding subsequently.

24. the system as claimed in claim 22, wherein, each in multiple space-time coding matrices has $\left[\begin{array}{c}{F}_1\\ F_2\\ \·\·\\ F_M\end{array}\right]$ Form, and each correlation matrix has form, wherein, R is correlation matrix, and H is the matrix of channel gain factors, M>=2, matrix F ₁to F _min each matrix F _mfor 2M × 2M matrix, M>=m>=2, wherein M is the number of transmitting antenna.

25. the system as claimed in claim 22, wherein, described processor is configured to the space-time coding matrices selected that punctured before encoding further, the described data symbol so that the space-time coding matrices of use puncture is encoded.

Method in 26. 1 kinds of transmitters, described method comprises:

Described transmitter obtains space-time coding matrices; And

Described transmitter uses space-time coding matrices to carry out encoded data symbols, described space-time coding matrices is selected from multiple space-time coding matrices, space-time coding matrices has the respective association correlation matrix comprising multiple non-zero off-diagonal elements, and the association correlation matrix of the space-time coding matrices of selection has the non-zero off-diagonal elements of minimum number.

27. methods as claimed in claim 26, wherein, the space-time coding matrices of selection is punctured to use the space-time coding matrices of puncture to perform described coding.