CN109617580B - Mapping method of space shift keying - Google Patents
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- CN109617580B CN109617580B CN201910079468.7A CN201910079468A CN109617580B CN 109617580 B CN109617580 B CN 109617580B CN 201910079468 A CN201910079468 A CN 201910079468A CN 109617580 B CN109617580 B CN 109617580B
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- 238000013507 mapping Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 17
- 238000005562 fading Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010295 mobile communication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007476 Maximum Likelihood Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000411 transmission spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/0413—MIMO systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/0413—MIMO systems
- H04B7/0456—Selection of precoding matrices or codebooks, e.g. using matrices antenna weighting
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
- H04L1/02—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by diversity reception
- H04L1/06—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by diversity reception using space diversity
- H04L1/0612—Space-time modulation
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W16/00—Network planning, e.g. coverage or traffic planning tools; Network deployment, e.g. resource partitioning or cells structures
- H04W16/14—Spectrum sharing arrangements between different networks
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of wireless communication, and particularly relates to a mapping method of space shift keying. Different from the traditional space shift keying method for selecting and activating the antennas in one time, the method combines a plurality of times, and the index formed by the data to be transmitted selects the combination of the activation time and the activation antennas, the modulated data is not a vector but a matrix, namely, a point in the combined matrix of the time and the antennas is selected to be activated, and the point is activated to transmit the data 1. In the proposed scheme, the transmission data is mapped by combining the time domain, on one hand, the selectable state number can be increased, and thus the spectrum efficiency is improved; on the other hand, as can be seen from the simulation results later, the method has better Bit Error Rate (BER) performance than the conventional space shift keying mapping method.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of wireless communication, and particularly relates to a Space Shift Keying (SSK) mapping method.
Background
Nowadays, with the development of society, wireless communication technology has deepened into the aspect of our daily life, and people have new demands on the quality and bandwidth of communication. A Single-Input Single-Output (SISO) antenna system obviously cannot meet the requirements of users, and how to improve the communication bandwidth is a hot spot of current research. In the development process of mobile communication, research and application of Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) technology have made a great breakthrough. Compared with SISO, the method has the main advantages that: under the condition of not occupying extra communication bandwidth, the capacity, the performance and the service quality of the system can be obviously improved, and the construction cost of the communication base station is reduced. The basic principle of the MIMO technology is that multiple antennas are used for data transmission at both the receiving end and the transmitting end of a communication system, and a transmission space is fully utilized as a parallel transmission channel, so that the transmission space becomes a resource for improving the performance of the communication system, thereby increasing the system capacity and improving the spectrum utilization rate. Compared with SISO, the capacity of the MIMO system is linearly related to the number of antennas and linearly increases along with the increase of the number of antennas, and under the condition that channel fading coefficients between the antennas at the transmitting end and the receiving end are mutually independent, the capacity of the MIMO system can be equal to the capacity of the SISO parallel channels with corresponding number. In the future 5G system, the MIMO technology will become indispensable as a core technology capable of greatly improving the system spectrum efficiency in the future mobile communication system.
The conventional MIMO technology simultaneously activates transmission of multi-stream data using all antennas at a transmitting end. Space Shift Keying (SSK) technology is a new MIMO technology proposed in recent years and is receiving a lot of attention. The idea of the SSK technology is different from the conventional MIMO technology in that the conventional MIMO uses an APM (Amplitude/Phase Modulation) Modulation symbol to carry all the transmitted binary data information, and the SSK technology uses an antenna number to carry a part of the transmitted binary data information. Compared with the traditional MIMO technology, the new technology only activates one or a small number of antennas at each moment, namely, Radio Frequency (RF) links are greatly reduced, so that the inter-channel interference is avoided and reduced, the synchronization complexity of a transmitting end and a receiving end is greatly reduced, the new technology is particularly suitable for a system with unbalanced antennas at the transmitting end and the receiving end, and the new technology has a good application prospect in large-scale MIMO. However, the new MIMO technology of SSK has the disadvantages of low spectrum efficiency and low utilization rate of transmitting antennas.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an improved space-shift keying mapping mode with high spectral efficiency, which is different from the traditional method of selecting and activating an antenna in one moment. In the proposed scheme, the transmission data is mapped by combining the time domain, on one hand, the selectable state number can be increased, and thus the spectrum efficiency is improved; on the other hand, as can be seen from the simulation results later, the method has better Bit Error Rate (BER) performance than the conventional space shift keying mapping method.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the bit information is transmitted by using the joint index of the transmitting antenna and the time, namely the time and the antenna corresponding to the sequence number are selectively activated by using the data to be transmitted, the modulated data is not a vector but a matrix, the activated point in the matrix transmits data 1, and the index selection activation principle is as follows: ensuring that at most one antenna is activated at one moment; at a receiving end, the serial number of the activated antenna of the transmitting end is demodulated through a maximum likelihood estimation algorithm, and then the space shift keying codebook is utilized to recover the transmitted bit data to complete data transmission. The method specifically comprises the following steps:
a transmitting end:
s1, generating a string of data bits to be transmitted;
s2, after serial-parallel conversion, SSK mapping is carried out according to the proposed space shift keying codebook, and the data to be transmitted is mapped to be nTxX nslot size matrix, where nTxRepresenting the number of transmitting antennas, nslot representing the number of combined time slots, the transmissible data bits of the space shift keying mapping mode provided by the invention are log2(nslot*nTx+nTx nslot)。
The space shift keying codebook for 2 transmitting antennas combining two time instants is shown in the following table:
TABLE 12 Joint two-time space-shift keying codebook for transmit antennas
When the number of transmitting antennas is 4, the index state number is 24, and the transmittable bits are
Therefore, 16 states are selected from the following table as an example:
TABLE 24 transmit antennas Joint two time space Shift keying codebooks
Wherein (·)TRepresenting the inversion operation of the matrix.
Tables 1 and 2 show the case that 2 transmitting antennas and 4 transmitting antennas are combined for 2 time slots, and the like.
Receiving end:
s3, firstly generating all possible states of the transmission bit;
s4, performing SSK mapping on the state bits, and performing convolution with a channel to simulate all possible output values;
and S5, calculating the two norms of the received signals and the values, selecting the state with the minimum two norms and carrying out demapping according to the space shift keying codebook.
The technical scheme of the invention provides a mapping mode of space shift keying aiming at the MIMO technology. The invention has the beneficial effects that: the frequency spectrum efficiency is improved, and the error rate performance is improved to a certain extent.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a simulation diagram comparing the error rate performance of the space shift keying mapping proposed by the present invention and the conventional space shift keying mapping when the number of transmitting antennas is set to 2 and the number of receiving antennas is set to 4;
fig. 2 is a simulation diagram comparing the error rate performance of the space shift keying mapping proposed by the present invention and the conventional space shift keying mapping when the number of transmitting antennas is set to 4 and the number of receiving antennas is set to 4.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is described in detail in the following with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments:
example 1:
in this example, the number of transmitting antennas is 2, the number of receiving antennas is 4, the two time combined antennas can transmit 3 data bits, the channel is a rayleigh single-path channel, and the real part and the imaginary part of the impulse response of the channel follow gaussian distribution. The example adopts the following steps:
step 1: randomly generating a string of [ 01 ] data bits with the length of 384, and performing serial/parallel conversion to obtain a 3 x 128 bit data matrix;
step 2: according to the invention, each column of the bit data matrix is subjected to space shift keying mapping, and finally, a transmitted signal is a 2 x 256 modulation symbol matrix, passes through a Rayleigh single-path fading channel and is added with Gaussian white noise;
and step 3: the receiving end firstly generates all possible states of the sending bit, performs spatial modulation mapping on each state, then convolutes with signal impulse response, calculates two norms from the received signal and the obtained value one by one, selects one state with the minimum two norms for demapping, and finally outputs through parallel/serial conversion;
and 4, step 4: and comparing the output data with the initial data to obtain the BER.
As can be seen from fig. 1, the space-shift-keying mapping method proposed herein not only improves the spectrum efficiency of transmission, but also improves the error rate performance to a certain extent, compared to the conventional space-shift-keying mapping method, under the condition that the number of transmitting antennas is small.
Example 2:
in this example, the number of transmitting antennas is 4, the number of receiving antennas is 4, the two time combined antennas can transmit 3 data bits, the channel is a rayleigh single-path channel, and the real part and the imaginary part of the impulse response of the channel follow gaussian distribution. The example adopts the following steps:
step 1: randomly generating a string of [ 01 ] data bits with the length of 512, and performing serial/parallel conversion to obtain a 4 x 128 bit data matrix;
step 2: according to the invention, each column of the bit data matrix is subjected to space shift keying mapping, and finally, a transmitted signal is a 4 x 256 modulation symbol matrix, passes through a Rayleigh single-path fading channel and is added with Gaussian white noise;
and step 3: the receiving end firstly generates all possible states of the sending bit, performs spatial modulation mapping on each state, then convolutes with signal impulse response, calculates two norms from the received signal and the obtained value one by one, selects one state with the minimum two norms for demapping, and finally outputs through parallel/serial conversion;
and 4, step 4: and comparing the output data with the initial data to obtain the BER.
As can be seen from fig. 2, the space shift keying mapping scheme proposed herein can obtain better BER performance under the same transmission spectrum efficiency in the case of a larger number of transmit antennas than the conventional space shift keying mapping scheme.
Claims (1)
1. A mapping method of space shift keying is characterized in that joint index of transmitting antenna and time is used for transmitting bit information, namely the data to be transmitted is used for selecting and activating the time and the antenna with corresponding sequence number, the activated point transmits data 1, and the index selection activation principle is as follows: ensuring that at most one antenna is activated at one moment; the method specifically comprises the following steps:
a transmitting end:
s1, generating a string of data bits to be transmitted;
s2, space shift keying mapping each column of the bit data matrix to obtain a transmission signal, specifically: after serial-parallel conversion, the data bit to be transmitted is SSK mapped according to the given space shift keying codebook, and the data to be transmitted is mapped into nTxX nslot size matrix, where nTxRepresenting the number of transmit antennas, nslot representing the number of associated slots; the specific format of the given space shift keying codebook is as follows:
receiving end:
s3, generating all possible states of the transmitted bit, i.e. assuming that n data bits are transmitted, the number of all possible states is 2nSeed growing;
s4, performing space shift keying mapping on the state bits, and performing convolution on the state bits and a channel to simulate all possible output values;
s5, calculating two norms of the received signals and the output value of the step S4, selecting the state with the minimum two norms and carrying out demapping according to the space shift keying codebook.
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Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103581087A (en) * | 2013-11-21 | 2014-02-12 | 电子科技大学 | Binary digital signal space shift keying modulation and demodulation method for multi-input multi-output system |
| CN103986677A (en) * | 2014-05-05 | 2014-08-13 | 电子科技大学 | Keying modulation method based on transmit diversity |
| CN104270227A (en) * | 2014-10-16 | 2015-01-07 | 中国人民解放军理工大学 | Null-shift-keying-based physical layer safety transmission method in multi-input single-output system |
| CN104780024A (en) * | 2015-04-14 | 2015-07-15 | 电子科技大学 | Multi-stream space-shift keying modulation method and demodulation method in MIMO system |
| WO2017172985A1 (en) * | 2016-03-30 | 2017-10-05 | Idac Holdings, Inc. | Multiple dimension modulation in 5g systems |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103581087A (en) * | 2013-11-21 | 2014-02-12 | 电子科技大学 | Binary digital signal space shift keying modulation and demodulation method for multi-input multi-output system |
| CN103986677A (en) * | 2014-05-05 | 2014-08-13 | 电子科技大学 | Keying modulation method based on transmit diversity |
| CN104270227A (en) * | 2014-10-16 | 2015-01-07 | 中国人民解放军理工大学 | Null-shift-keying-based physical layer safety transmission method in multi-input single-output system |
| CN104780024A (en) * | 2015-04-14 | 2015-07-15 | 电子科技大学 | Multi-stream space-shift keying modulation method and demodulation method in MIMO system |
| WO2017172985A1 (en) * | 2016-03-30 | 2017-10-05 | Idac Holdings, Inc. | Multiple dimension modulation in 5g systems |
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