CN102135625A - Dual-detector segmenting gamma-scanning measuring device and scanning method thereof - Google Patents
Dual-detector segmenting gamma-scanning measuring device and scanning method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a dual-detector segmenting gamma-scanning measuring device based on equivalent radius correction, belonging to the technical field of nuclear radiation measurement. The dual-detector segmenting gamma-scanning measuring device comprises a rotary table, a detector platform assembly, a transmission source platform assembly, a platform lifting and driving assembly, two same high-purity germanium detectors, a transmission source, a shielding part of the transmission source and an analysis module, wherein the two same high-purity germanium detectors are provided with collimators. In the invention, the influence of the nonuniformity of materials inside a wastebin is reduced through the constant rotation of the wastebin, layered measurement is carried out on the wastebin undergoing the constant rotation by placing the two same high-purity germanium detectors on different horizontal positions, the radial equivalent radius of each radionuclide layer is obtained through analysis, and the radionuclide activity of the radionuclide layer is accurately computed according to the detection efficient of the radial equivalent radius. Because an assumption of uniform radionuclide distribution is eliminated, the characteristics of an actual wastebin are better accorded with so that the measurement accuracy of the traditional segmenting gamma-scanning technology is greatly enhanced.
Description
Technical field
What the present invention relates to is a kind of device and method of nuclear radiation measurement technical field, specifically is a kind of double detector segmentation γSao Miao measurement mechanism and scan method thereof based on the equivalent redius correction.
Background technology
The a large amount of uses that develop rapidly with nuclear material of nuclear cause will produce a large amount of middle cold wastes, according to national relevant regulations, these refuses are carried out that the centre is temporary, all must measure its activity before the transportation, final disposal.The measurement that makes its nucleic owing to the singularity of nuclear waste is difficulty comparatively.At present, comparatively desirable measuring technique is a Dynamic Non-Destruction Measurement, and wherein the γSao Miao technology is to use one of nuclear power plant's barreled refuse detection method the most widely.The gamma-rays scanning techniques is determined the kind and the activity of radioelement by analyzing the isotopic feature gamma-rays of variety classes in the radioactive waste bucket.The gamma-rays scanning techniques grew up in nineteen seventies, had experienced segmentation γSao Miao technology and two stages of chromatography γSao Miao technology.Though chromatography γSao Miao technology measuring accuracy is higher than segmentation γSao Miao technology, the measuring process complexity, Measuring Time is long, is not used widely.
Find that through retrieval traditional segmentation γSao Miao technology vertically is divided into multilayer with pail for used dressings, supposes that each layer inner stuffing matter and radioactive nuclide evenly distribute to prior art.During measurement, pail for used dressings at the uniform velocity rotates, to reduce the unevenness that radioactive nuclide distributes in the bucket.After recording the counting rate of each layer, calculate the detection efficiency and the self-absorption correction factor of each layer respectively, thereby calculate the radioactive nuclide amount of this layer, obtain the radioactive nuclide total amount of whole measured object by summation.
But the prior art is based on each layer inner stuffing matter and all equally distributed hypothesis of radioactive nuclide, carrying out single pass to every layer measures, and pail for used dressings does not satisfy above-mentioned hypothesis usually in the reality, therefore can bring than mistake, wherein the error brought of radionuclide specific activity uneven distribution radially is the most serious.The invention provides a kind of double detector segmentation γSao Miao measurement mechanism based on the equivalent redius correction, carry out scanning survey at diverse location to every layer by two identical detectors, determine a bucket equivalent redius position, internal source place, thus the detection efficiency when further revising nucleic activity and calculating.Because the uneven factor of radioactive source in having considered every layer is compared with traditional segmentation γSao Miao technology, do not changing substantially under the situation of surveying complexity, improved the accuracy of measuring greatly.And, compare with chromatography γSao Miao technology, though the measuring accuracy of this method is lower slightly, greatly reduce the complexity of measuring process, more can satisfy the actual requirement that nuclear power plant's centering low-level waste is measured.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to the deficiency that prior art exists, a kind of double detector segmentation γSao Miao measurement mechanism and scan method thereof based on the equivalent redius correction is provided, reduce the influence of material unevenness in the bucket by the at the uniform velocity rotation of pail for used dressings, placing the varying level position that the pail for used dressings that at the uniform velocity rotates is carried out layering two identical high purity germanium detectors measures, can obtain the radially equivalent redius of every layer of radioactive nuclide by analysis, accurately calculate the radionuclide specific activity of this layer according to the detection efficiency of this radius.Owing to got rid of the equally distributed hypothesis of radioactive nuclide, therefore the characteristics of more realistic pail for used dressings have improved the accuracy of measurement of conventional segmented γSao Miao technology greatly.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:
The present invention relates to a kind of double detector segmentation γSao Miao measurement mechanism based on the equivalent redius correction, comprise: universal stage, the detector platform assembly, the transmission source platform assembly, the lifting platform driven unit, two identical high purity germanium detectors with collimating apparatus, transmission source and shield member thereof and analysis module, wherein: tested pail for used dressings places on the universal stage, two identical high purity germanium detectors with collimating apparatus place on the detector platform, transmission source and shield member thereof place on the transmission source platform, detector platform and transmission source platform place the both sides of universal stage respectively, the built-in crystal of high purity germanium detector links to each other with gamma ray interaction generation electric signal and with analysis module and exports the gamma-rays power spectrum to obtain the full energy peak counting rate, realizes detector and the synchronization lifting of transmission source and the accurate location of level height by control system and lifting platform driven unit.
Described universal stage comprises: first reducing motor, universal stage main shaft, universal stage axle sleeve, universal stage flat board, universal stage shaft coupling and universal stage leg, wherein: first reducing motor connects with the universal stage main shaft by the universal stage shaft coupling, the universal stage main shaft is connected with universal stage is dull and stereotyped, rotates and drives tested pail for used dressings by first reducing motor driven rotary platform flat board and rotate.
Described detector platform assembly comprises: detector platform, first guide rail and first support, wherein: first guide rail is installed on first support and provides guide effect for the lifting of detector platform.
Described transmission source platform assembly comprises: transmission source platform, second guide rail and second support, wherein: second guide rail is installed on second support and provides guide effect for the lifting of transmission source platform.
Described lifting platform driven unit comprises: second motor, first steering gear, second steering gear, the 3rd steering gear, the first turbine screw lift and the second turbine screw lift, wherein: second motor links to each other with first steering gear, second steering gear links to each other with first steering gear with the 3rd steering gear simultaneously, second steering gear links to each other with the first turbine screw lift, the 3rd steering gear links to each other with the second turbine screw lift, by second motor and first, two, three steering gears drive first, the motion of two turbine screw lifts lays respectively at first thereby make, detector platform on the two turbine screw lifts and transmission source platform synchronization lifting.
This device may further comprise the steps by the double detector segmentation γSao Miao of following steps realization based on the equivalent redius correction:
The first step, adjustment first high purity germanium detector and collimating apparatus, transmission source and shield member thereof the particular location on hoistable platform thereof make the first detector axis aim at the pail for used dressings center also by the transmission source collimating aperture;
The position of second step, adjustment second high purity germanium detector and collimating apparatus thereof, make the second detector axis depart from the pail for used dressings center and with the first detector axis line parallel, distance between two detectors should be able to guarantee for the uniform measuring samples of individual layer filled media that when at the uniform velocity rotating there is one-to-one relationship at the net counting rate that obtains when layer and first detector in second detector at the ratio of the net counting rate that obtains when layer and the radial location at radioactive source place;
The 3rd step, unlatching universal stage, pail for used dressings is at the uniform velocity rotated with certain rotating speed, detector platform and transmission source platform are moved to the pail for used dressings bottom, at mobile simultaneously transmission source of vertical direction and detector platform, from going up down each layer of pail for used dressings is scanned, gather power spectrum;
The 4th step, data processing: at first set up the system of equations of every layer of radionuclide specific activity and two detector net counting rates, adopt all equally distributed hypothesis in every layer of filled media and radioactive nuclide, calculate the starting efficiency matrix, calculate initial activity; Calculate the equivalent redius of each layer radioactive nuclide then,, recomputate activity, repeat this step, realize double detector segmentation γSao Miao until activity result convergence according to equivalent redius update efficiency matrix.
Compare with traditional segmentation γSao Miao technology, the present invention has the following advantages:
(1) supposes that every layer of homogeneous media of pail for used dressings distributes, but got rid of radioactive nuclide equally distributed hypothesis in every layer, therefore tally with the actual situation more.
(2) adopt two identical detectors to carry out scanning survey at aligning pail for used dressings center with two diverse locations that depart from the pail for used dressings center respectively, detection efficiency is proofreaied and correct based on equivalent redius.
(3) experimental result shows, for common in the middle low-level waste
137The Cs nucleic, the low-density pail for used dressings measuring error of centering of the present invention is less than 20%, and conventional segmented γSao Miao technology may reach more than 80% the situation measuring error of non-homogeneous radioactive nuclide, and the present invention has increased substantially the accuracy of measurement of conventional segmented γSao Miao technology.
(4) be specially adapted in the activity measurement of non-homogeneous pail for used dressings under the low-density, especially the pail for used dressings that " focus " arranged is had good measuring accuracy.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the double detector segmentation γSao Miao measurement mechanism synoptic diagram based on the equivalent redius correction.
Fig. 2 is the double detector segmentation γSao Miao measurement mechanism vertical view based on the equivalent redius correction.
Fig. 3 is the universal stage synoptic diagram.
Embodiment
Below embodiments of the invention are elaborated, present embodiment is being to implement under the prerequisite with the technical solution of the present invention, provided detailed embodiment and concrete operating process, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to following embodiment.
As illustrated in fig. 1 and 2, present embodiment comprises: universal stage 1, detector platform assembly 2, transmission source platform assembly 3, lifting platform driven unit 4 is (by 23,24,25,26,27,28 form), first high purity germanium detector 6 with collimating apparatus 5, second high purity germanium detector 8 with collimating apparatus 7, transmission source and shield member 9 thereof and analysis module 10, wherein: tested pail for used dressings places on the universal stage 1, detector platform assembly 2 and transmission source platform assembly 3 place the both sides of universal stage 1 respectively, second high purity germanium detector 8 that has first high purity germanium detector 6 of collimating apparatus 5 and have a collimating apparatus 7 places (detector 6 on the detector platform assembly 2,8 same models and size), transmission source and shield member 9 thereof place on the transmission source platform assembly 3, high purity germanium detector 6,8 built-in crystal link to each other with gamma ray interaction generation electric signal and with analysis module 10 and export the gamma-rays power spectrum to obtain the full energy peak counting rate, realize detector 6,8 and transmission source and the synchronization lifting of shield member 9 and the accurate location of level height by control system and lifting platform driven unit 4.
As shown in Figure 3, described universal stage 1 comprises: first reducing motor 11, universal stage main shaft 12, universal stage axle sleeve 13, universal stage flat board 14, universal stage shaft coupling 15 and universal stage leg 16, wherein: first reducing motor 11 connects with universal stage main shaft 12 by universal stage shaft coupling 15, universal stage main shaft 12 is connected with universal stage dull and stereotyped 14, rotates and drives tested pail for used dressings by first reducing motor, 11 driven rotary platforms dull and stereotyped 14 and rotate.
Described detector platform assembly comprises: detector platform 17, first guide rail 18 and first support 19, wherein: first guide rail 18 is installed on that the lifting for detector platform 17 provides guide effect on first support 19.
Described transmission source platform assembly comprises: transmission source platform 20, second guide rail 21 and second support 22, wherein: second guide rail 21 is installed on that the lifting for transmission source platform 20 provides guide effect on second support 22.
Described lifting platform driven unit comprises: second motor 23, first steering gear 24, second steering gear 25, the 3rd steering gear 26, the first turbine screw lift 27 and the second turbine screw lift 28, wherein: second motor 23 links to each other with first steering gear 24, second steering gear 25 links to each other with first steering gear 24 with the 3rd steering gear 26 simultaneously, second steering gear 25 links to each other with the first turbine screw lift 27, the 3rd steering gear 26 links to each other with the second turbine screw lift 28, by second motor 23 and first, two, three steering gears 24,25,26 drive first, two turbine screw lifts 27,28 motions, thus make detector platform 17 that is positioned on the first turbine screw lift 27 and transmission source platform 20 synchronization liftings that are positioned on the second turbine screw lift 28.
This device is realized double detector segmentation γSao Miao based on the equivalent redius correction by following steps:
The first step, adjustment first high purity germanium detector 6 and collimating apparatus 5, transmission source and the particular location of shield member 9 on hoistable platform 17,20 thereof make first detector, 6 axis alignment pail for used dressings centers and pass through the transmission source collimating aperture;
The position of second step, adjustment second high purity germanium detector 8 and collimating apparatus 7 thereof, make second detector, 8 axis runout pail for used dressings centers and with first detector, 6 parallel axes, distance between two detectors should be able to guarantee for the uniform measuring samples of individual layer filled media that when at the uniform velocity rotating there is one-to-one relationship at the net counting rate that obtains when layer and first detector 6 in second detector 8 at the ratio of the net counting rate that obtains when layer and the radial location at radioactive source place; For example: for internal diameter is 56cm, wall thickness 0.12cm, the standard 200L steel drum of high 90cm, at detector 6,8 front end collimating apparatuss, 5,7 long 15cm, collimating aperture is the square hole of length of side 6cm, during first detector, 6 distance bucket center 53cm, the distance of first detector 6 and second detector 8 should be best between 17.5 to 21cm;
The 3rd step, unlatching universal stage 1, pail for used dressings is at the uniform velocity rotated with certain rotating speed, detector platform 17 and transmission source platform 20 are moved to the pail for used dressings bottom, at vertical direction while mobile detector platform 17 and transmission source platform 20, from going up down each layer of pail for used dressings is scanned, gather power spectrum;
The 4th step, data processing
(1) set up the system of equations of the net counting rate of the every layer of radionuclide specific activity and first detector 6, second detector 8, adopt all equally distributed hypothesis in every layer of filled media and radioactive nuclide, calculating starting efficiency matrix calculates initial activity.
If pail for used dressings is divided into the n layer, the net counting rate that first detector 6 and second detector 8 obtain is used vectorial J respectively
AAnd J
BRepresent
J
A=(J
A1,J
A2,J
A3,...,J
An)
T
J
B=(J
B1,J
B2,J
B3,...,J
Bn)
T
The radionuclide specific activity of each layer of pail for used dressings is represented with vector M
M=(M
1,M
2,M
3,...,M
n)
T
M and J
AThe matrix GA of the available n * n of relation represent
J
A=α·GA·M (1)
Wherein, α is the branching ratio of the ray energy considered, and matrix GA is the efficiency matrix of first detector 6, each element GA among the matrix GA
IjIt is first detector 6 detection efficiency to j layer radioactive source when the i layer.
Equally, M and J
BThe available n of relation * n matrix GB represent
J
B=α·GB·M (2)
Wherein, matrix GB is the efficiency matrix of second detector 8, each element GB among the matrix GB
IjBe second detector 8 detection efficiency to j layer radioactive source when the i layer,
Represent cycle index with k below, k is since 1.
The at first transmissivity that is recorded by first detector 6 and the relation of material density obtain the density of each layer of pail for used dressings material.Known density, known probes 6,8 physical dimensions adopt all equally distributed hypothesis in every layer of filled media and radioactive source, can calculate starting efficiency matrix GA
1And GB
1The group of solving an equation (1) and (2) obtain initial activity M
A 1And M
B 1
(2) calculate the equivalent redius of each layer radioactive nuclide,, recomputate activity according to equivalent redius update efficiency matrix.Repeating this step restrains until the activity result.
Can think detector 6,8 when the i layer, the ratio of the net counting rate that comes from i layer radioactive source that the net counting rate that comes from i layer radioactive source that second detector 8 records and first detector 6 record.
1. calculate
According to the net counting rate ratio that obtains in second step and the corresponding relation of radioactive source radius, obtain equivalence
Radius r
i'
(k+1)
2. according to equivalent redius r
i'
(k+1)(i=1,2 ... n), calculate new efficiency matrix GA
K+1And GB
K+1
3. utilize new efficiency matrix GA
K+1And GB
K+1The group of solving an equation (1) and (2) obtain activity M
A K+1And M
B K+1
4. repeat 1. extremely 3. until M
A K+1-M
A k<ε, the iteration precision of ε for setting.
Claims (6)
1. double detector segmentation γSao Miao measurement mechanism based on the equivalent redius correction, it is characterized in that, comprise: universal stage, the detector platform assembly, the transmission source platform assembly, the lifting platform driven unit, two identical high purity germanium detectors with collimating apparatus, transmission source and shield member thereof and analysis module, wherein: tested pail for used dressings places on the universal stage, two identical high purity germanium detectors with collimating apparatus place on the detector platform, transmission source and shield member thereof place on the transmission source platform, detector platform and transmission source platform place the both sides of universal stage respectively, the built-in crystal of high purity germanium detector links to each other with gamma ray interaction generation electric signal and with analysis module and exports the gamma-rays power spectrum to obtain the full energy peak counting rate, realizes detector and the synchronization lifting of transmission source and the accurate location of level height by control system and lifting platform driven unit.
2. the double detector segmentation γSao Miao measurement mechanism based on the equivalent redius correction according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described universal stage comprises: first reducing motor, universal stage main shaft, universal stage axle sleeve, universal stage flat board, universal stage shaft coupling and universal stage leg, wherein: first reducing motor connects with the universal stage main shaft by the universal stage shaft coupling, the universal stage main shaft is connected with universal stage is dull and stereotyped, rotates and the rotation of driving testee by the first reducing motor driven rotary platform is dull and stereotyped.
3. the double detector segmentation γSao Miao measurement mechanism based on the equivalent redius correction according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described detector platform assembly comprises: detector platform, first guide rail and first support, wherein: first guide rail is installed on first support and provides guide effect for the lifting of detector platform.
4. the double detector segmentation γSao Miao measurement mechanism based on the equivalent redius correction according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described transmission source platform assembly comprises: transmission source platform, second guide rail and second support, wherein: second guide rail is installed on second support and provides guide effect for the lifting of transmission source platform.
5. the double detector segmentation γSao Miao measurement mechanism based on the equivalent redius correction according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described lifting platform driven unit comprises: second motor, first steering gear, second steering gear, the 3rd steering gear, the first turbine screw lift and the second turbine screw lift, wherein: second motor links to each other with first steering gear, second steering gear links to each other with first steering gear with the 3rd steering gear simultaneously, second steering gear links to each other with the first turbine screw lift, the 3rd steering gear links to each other with the second turbine screw lift, by second motor and first, two, three steering gears drive first, the motion of two turbine screw lifts, thus make detector platform that is positioned on the first turbine screw lift and the transmission source platform synchronization lifting that is positioned on the second turbine screw lift.
6. the scan method according to the described measurement mechanism of claim 1 is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:
The first step, adjustment first high purity germanium detector and collimating apparatus, transmission source and shield member thereof the particular location on hoistable platform thereof make the first detector axis aim at the pail for used dressings center also by the transmission source collimating aperture;
The position of second step, adjustment second high purity germanium detector and collimating apparatus thereof, make the second detector axis depart from the pail for used dressings center and with the first detector axis line parallel, distance between two detectors should be able to guarantee for the uniform measuring samples of individual layer filled media that when at the uniform velocity rotating there is one-to-one relationship at the net counting rate that obtains when layer and first detector in second detector at the ratio of the net counting rate that obtains when layer and the radial location at radioactive source place;
The 3rd step, unlatching universal stage, pail for used dressings is at the uniform velocity rotated with certain rotating speed, detector platform and transmission source platform are moved to the pail for used dressings bottom, at mobile simultaneously transmission source of vertical direction and detector platform, from going up down each layer of pail for used dressings is scanned, gather power spectrum;
The 4th step, data processing: at first set up the system of equations of every layer of radionuclide specific activity and two detector net counting rates, adopt all equally distributed hypothesis in every layer of filled media and radioactive nuclide, calculate the starting efficiency matrix, calculate initial activity; Calculate the equivalent redius of each layer radioactive nuclide then,, recomputate activity, repeat this step, realize double detector segmentation γSao Miao until activity result convergence according to equivalent redius update efficiency matrix.
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