CN102135471A - Method and device of assessing running performance of bearing - Google Patents
Method and device of assessing running performance of bearing Download PDFInfo
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- CN102135471A CN102135471A CN2011100236434A CN201110023643A CN102135471A CN 102135471 A CN102135471 A CN 102135471A CN 2011100236434 A CN2011100236434 A CN 2011100236434A CN 201110023643 A CN201110023643 A CN 201110023643A CN 102135471 A CN102135471 A CN 102135471A
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- bearing
- time
- rotational time
- rotational
- curvilinear motion
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M13/00—Testing of machine parts
- G01M13/04—Bearings
Abstract
The invention relates to a method of assessing the running performance of a bearing (1), which comprises the following steps of operating the bearing (1), continuously measuring the rotating time of each overall revolution of the bearing (1), determining the change (K) of the curve illustrating the measured rotating time of the bearing (1) on the basis of the number of the overall revolution, and analyzing the measured rotating time of the overall revolution of the bearing (1) and/or the change (K) of the curve so as to assess the running performance of the bearing (1). A device for assessing the running performance of the bearing is also provided. The device comprises at least one bearing (1), parts (9,11) for measuring the rotating time of the at least one bearing, parts (10,11) for recording the measured rotating time of the at least one bearing (1) and a calculation unit (11) for performing the above-mentioned method.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of bearing of method and apparatus, particularly computer tomograph of the operation characteristic that is used to assess bearing (Lager), it is with respect to the stationary part of the frame rotatable portion of frames rotatably.
Background technology
Many technique devices have one or more bearings, and its operation characteristic is crucial for the overall trouble-free function of technique device.
For example, at US 5,621, the method for state of the bearing of the impeller that is used to test the ventilator that is provided with for cool electronic assemblies has been described in 159.About current main bearing friction, carry out the measurement of bearing and provide about for avoiding the aging fault that causes whether will change the information of ventilator at the run duration of ventilator.According to first method, carry for the electric current that certain period of time is reduced to ventilator like this at the run duration of ventilator, make to disconnect ventilator effectively.The change of the rotational time of bearing is prompting for bearing friction at this during this time period.The change of the rotational time that becomes longer during this time period is more little, and then bearing friction is more little.According to second method, for test bearing at first places static the impeller of ventilator and startup then.The unloading phase during, determine the rotational time of bearing again respectively for certain period of time, wherein rotational time is long more during this certain period of time, then bearing friction is high more.According to third party's method, equally at first bearing is placed static and determine then, the situation lower bearing of the starting potential that progressively improves at which begins rotation.This establishment be, starting potential is high more, then bearing friction is high more.
Known a kind of method from GB 2 150 286 A utilizes this method to have the no load characteristics of not driven roll of bearing in its infield test, so that can determine bearing wear in time before the bearing fault of roll.For this reason, at first roll is placed idle running and further driving then.Measure then, arrive a predetermined end rotational time since an initial rotational time predetermined, this measurement, how long continue up to the rotational time of roll.Alternatively, can also determine the end rotational time of roll in the past a predetermined measurement duration.From the comparison of the end rotational time of duration of measuring or measurement and value known, that come from the standard roll, derive the no load characteristics of the roll of inspection.
In addition, the method of the friction force of a kind of measurement on the roll track body of closure has been described in DE 35 03 358 A1, wherein, quicken the roll body, up to setting up constant rotational time (Umlaufzeit) by periodically feed drive pulse on preferred a plurality of positions of track.As the measurement parameter corresponding, use the absolute value of rotational time and/or the absolute value of driving pulse with the friction force that between roll body and track, works.This method is used in particular for checking and check roll bearing element.
For computer tomograph, bearing is relevant, and it rotatably supports the rotatable portion of the frame stationary part with respect to frame.In test, when starting or such bearing in service at computer tomograph, the fault of bearing often takes place, this is associated with the expense of adding in the mode of not expecting.Though each bearing was examined, that is, check the idle running of bearing, the torque of measuring appearance or the sound that causes by bearing after it is made.Yet, show that these standards are not enough to fully assess the operation characteristic of bearing.
Summary of the invention
Therefore, the technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide a kind of this paper beginning to mention the method and apparatus of kind, its satisfied at least precondition that can better assess the operation characteristic of bearing.
According to the present invention, solve above-mentioned technical matters by a kind of method that is used to assess the operation characteristic of bearing, move this bearing corresponding to the operating position (Einsatz) of its setting in the method, wherein, be preferably constant as far as possible continuous driving and be preferably under the situation of continuous rotation, measure rotational time continuously for each complete revolution (Vollumlauf) of bearing, in the method, quantity about complete revolution, determine curvilinear motion for the measured rotational time of the complete revolution of bearing, and for the operation characteristic of assessment bearing, analyze measured rotational time and/or curvilinear motion in the method for the complete revolution of bearing.
In order to assess the operation characteristic of bearing, perhaps in the test run (Testlauf) under actual as far as possible condition or be provided with in the device of bearing, in test run or this bearing of operation in service that is being provided with.Under the situation of the bearing of the rotatable portion of the frame that is used for rotatably supporting computer tomograph, this bearing construction is between the rotatable portion of frame and stationary part and for example moved in test run.For test run; usually the rotatable portion of frame is set to have counterweight (Gewicht); it not only is used for equalizer bearing; but also be used for replacing also not being installed to assembly on the rotatable portion usually in test run; for example x-ray source, X-ray detector or the like, thus make test condition true as far as possible.
Under the situation of computer tomograph, the rotatable portion of frame is by motor, preferably by asynchronous motor or direct current motor driving.Preferably, by the frequency control asynchronous motor of frequency converter to fix.Under continuous rotation situation, carry out continuous, constant driving by this way, thus for example obtain bearing rotational time pass through the difference that bearing friction causes.Promptly, the slippage (Schlupf) of the rotatable portion that is attributed to frame of bearing changes, such as already mentioned, this shows in the change of rotational time of bearing, measures and determines this change for further analyzing through a plurality of complete revolution its curvilinear motion according to the present invention.In this manner, satisfy following condition, that is, and according to for this measured rotational time of the complete revolution of bearing and/or the operation characteristic that curvilinear motion can be assessed bearing better.
According to a kind of distortion of the present invention, the condition turning down bearing of the rotating speed between 5U/min and 120U/min.The inventor recognizes that at this if with relatively little rotating speed or with low relatively gyro frequency operation or driving bearing, then can assess the operation characteristic of bearing better, in other words, the characteristic of bearing shows significantly in measured rotational time.Select rotating speed how little, depend on corresponding bearing or the device that is provided with for bearing.Under the situation of the bearing of computer tomograph, this means, by the rotatable portion of the frame of Asynchronous Motor Driving and thus bearing have the rotating speed of about 40U/min, this was corresponding to the 1.5 seconds/rotational time that changes.Yet according to the characteristic of bearing, this rotating speed or corresponding rotational time change, and wherein can be derived the operation characteristic of bearing by these changes.
According to one embodiment of the present invention, bearing is moved at least one very first time section, is changed to static and moves at least one second time period from the stationary state of bearing from the stationary state of bearing, wherein, bearing in other words the rotatable portion of bearing in these time periods, be preferably and be driven and be preferably thus continuously rotation continuously as far as possible unchangeably.Just, in order to assess the operation characteristic of bearing, the rotational time of record bearing in the operation phase of at least two bearings that interrupt by a stationary state.
According to a kind of distortion of the present invention,, determine the mean value of rotational time based on the rotational time of all measurements of bearing.Compare with the mean value that comes from for the representational comparative quantity (Vergleichsmenge) of this bearing type, the mean value of rotational time is more little, then can be better to the operation characteristic classification (einstufen) of bearing.
According to another kind of distortion of the present invention,, determine the temporal poor of the maximum that between two rotational times complete revolution, measured that belong in succession, takes place based on the rotational time of all measurements of bearing.Just,, always consider the rotational time of adjacent complete revolution, and discern two complete revolution that maximum difference between their rotational time, occurs for this evaluation criteria.Under the situation of the bearing of CT (computer tomography), inter alia owing to the annular mouse cage of opening of bearing, it is used for keeping being arranged on roll body between the outside rotatable bearing holder (housing, cover) (Lagerschale) fixing and inside with mutually the same distance in revolution in succession in difference on the rotational time of bearing.By the mouse cage of opening, produce the gap (Spiel) of bearing inside and, be created in the different load condition of bearing inside according to the position difference of mouse cage.If compare with the representational comparative quantity that comes from for this bearing type, as far as possible little for the value of the temporal difference of maximum, then the assessment for bearing produces positive influence.
The determined curvilinear motion of the rotational time of bearing typically has periodically, and it particularly shows the characteristic of decay when beginning, wherein, according to an embodiment of the invention, determines the maximum slope for the attenuation characteristic in cycle from curvilinear motion.Periodically owing to, the motion parts of bearing particularly, for example roll body, mouse cage and at the bearing holder (housing, cover) of the inside under the fixing external shaft bearing sleeve situation or the bearing holder (housing, cover) of the outside under fixing inner shaft bearing sleeve situation, the in service of bearing is not static relative to each other, but also motion relative to each other, the motion parts of its centre bearer is got its reference position again relative to each other behind one-period.Maximum slope is a standard, can derive the stable operation how soon bearing can be set from this standard, and what wherein set up is that stable operation occurs fast more, the then operation characteristic of bearing classification more goodly.
As already mentioned, the curvilinear motion of rotational time typically has periodically, and wherein the peak-to-peak value in the cycle of curvilinear motion changes through a plurality of complete revolution.At this, the peak-to-peak value of one-period is understood to be in poor between the maximal value in described cycle and the minimum value.According to another embodiment of the invention, from curvilinear motion, determine maximum peak-to-peak value.Maximum peak-to-peak value may be owing to the tolerance in the bearing, wherein be what this also set up, compare with the peak-to-peak value that comes from for the maximum of the representational comparative quantity of this bearing type, maximum peak-to-peak value is more little, then the operation characteristic of classification bearing more goodly.
According to a kind of distortion of the present invention, very first time section for the operation of bearing, rotational time based on bearing measured in very first time section, determine the very first time mean value of rotational time, and for second time period of the operation of bearing, based on the rotational time of bearing measured in second time period, determine second time average of rotational time.If the result that the very first time mean value and second time average are subtracted each other is less than zero, then this assessment for the operation characteristic of bearing plays positive effect.
According to another kind of distortion of the present invention, determine the following time period based on the curvilinear motion of rotational time: in this time period, the rotational time of bearing reaches the very first time mean value of rotational time.In this establishment is more quickly to reach very first time mean value, then the operation characteristic of classification bearing more pro.
According to one embodiment of the present invention, be used in particular for assessing the operation characteristic of bearing according to method of the present invention, this bearing rotatably supports the rotatable portion of the frame of computer tomograph with respect to the stationary part of frame.
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is also by a kind of device solves that is used to assess the operation characteristic of bearing, this bearing rotatably supports the rotatable portion of the frame of computer tomograph with respect to the stationary part of frame, have at least one bearing, be used to measure the rotational time of bearing parts, be used to write down the parts and the computing unit of the measured rotational time of bearing, it is configured to carry out one of preceding method.This computing unit preferably has the program module of calculation procedure or operation preceding method.
Description of drawings
There is shown one embodiment of the present of invention in appended signal.Wherein,
Fig. 1 shows the device of the operation characteristic of the bearing that is used for evaluates calculation machine fault angiography device, and
Fig. 2 shows the rotational time of bearing of Fig. 1 about a plurality of rotating curvilinear motions.
Embodiment
Fig. 1 shows apparatus of the present invention of the operation characteristic that is used to assess bearing.In present embodiment of the present invention, bearing is the stationary part 4 that is used for respect to the frame 2 of computer tomograph, rotatably the bearing 1 of the rotatable portion 3 of frames 2.In the situation shown in Figure 1, bearing 1 has been embedded in the frame 2 between rotatable portion 3 and stationary part 4.
In this embodiment of the present invention, rotatable portion 3 is utilized asynchronous motor 5 to drive and has been had x-ray source 6 and X ray receiver 7.Additionally, on rotatable portion 3, be provided with counterweight 8, it replaces other assembly of the rotatable portion 3 of frame 2 for the operation characteristic of checking bearing 1, the also uninstalled cooling device that for example is used for x-ray source 6, and realize actual as far as possible condition for the inspection of bearing 1 with regard to load thus.Counterweight 8 also is used for balance rotatable portion 3 usually.In addition, for the inspection of bearing 1, can also replace x-ray source 6 and X ray receiver 7 by counterweight.
Under the situation of this embodiment of the present invention, on the stationary part 4 of frame 2, be provided for measuring the time measurement device 9 of the rotational time of bearing 1 or rotatable portion 3, and the measurement mechanism 10 of quantity that is used for determining the complete revolution of bearing 1 or rotatable portion 3.Time measurement device 9 and measurement mechanism 10 link to each other with storage unit 11 with the calculating with calculation procedure or program module, utilize the latter can check the operation characteristic of bearing 1 in test run.
In this embodiment of the present invention, test run has five stages, wherein, first, the 3rd and five-stage be the defined quiescent phase of bearing 1.In being in second between quiescent phase and quadravalence section, operation bearing 1 promptly, rotates rotatable portion 3 under continuous drive with respect to stationary part 4 continuously.
In first and second time periods of the operation of bearing 1, that is, second and the quadravalence section, by frequency converter 12 with fixing frequency control asynchronous motor 5.In this embodiment of the present invention, utilize asynchronous motor to carry out the driving of bearing 1 or rotatable portion 3 like this, make bearing 1 or rotatable portion 3 rotate continuously with the slow relatively rotating speed of about 40U/min.By the control of asynchronous motor with fixing frequency, obtain bearing 1 for example because the difference of the rotational time that the friction in the inside of bearing 1 causes, can derive the feature or the operation characteristic of bearing 1 thus.
In this embodiment of the present invention, an I of bearing 1 and the 2nd II time period are about 6 minutes.This each on 6 minutes, utilize time measurement device 9 to measure the rotational time of bearing 1 or rotatable portion 3 respectively continuously.In addition, utilize measurement mechanism 10 to measure rotating quantity concurrently.Measured value is respectively by calculating and storage unit 11 storages and analysis.The storage of measured value is carried out with the form that Fig. 2 is illustrated in the curvilinear motion K of rotational time in a plurality of revolutions inter alia.
As can be seen from Figure 2 an I and the 2nd II time period of the operation of the stage of stationary state R (in these stages rotational time be tending towards infinitely great) and bearing 1.In the periodicity that is formed on the rotational time in a plurality of revolutions in service of bearing 1, wherein in Fig. 2, utilize P to represent one-period.The curvilinear motion K of rotational time or cycle P particularly test run begin have the characteristic of decay up on a plurality of complete revolution, being adjusted into a metastable cycle P.
Based on the rotational time of bearing 1 with at the curvilinear motion K of rotating quantitative rotational time, utilize the program of calculating and storage unit 11 or utilization calculating and storage unit 11, derive or definite a series of values, these values provide the information about the operation characteristic of bearing 1.
For the very first time section I of the operation of bearing 1,, calculate very first time mean value M1 based on measured rotational time in very first time section I.And,,, calculate the second time average M2 based on measured rotational time in the second time period II for the second time period II of bearing 1.In addition, based on all measured rotational time calculating mean value M of bearing 1.
If compare with the time average that comes from for the representational comparative quantity of this bearing type, the mean value M of the rotational time of determining for bearing 1 is as far as possible little, and then the assessment for the operation characteristic of bearing 1 plays positive effect.In addition, if the difference between time average M2 and time average M1, then is evaluated as the front less than zero (M2-M1＜0).
Determine time T as other value, reach time average M1 for the first time from stationary state at the rotational time of this time bearing 1.Compare for the time of the representational comparative quantity of this bearing type with coming from of determining in the same manner, time T is short more, then can get over the operation characteristic of classification bearing 1 pro, because how soon time T has provided about bearing 1 information of relatively stable work.
Based on the rotational time of all measurements of bearing 1,, determine that it is at two temporal poor D that belong to the maximum that occurs between rotational time complete revolution in succession, measured of bearing 1 as other value.In this embodiment of the present invention, this value early occurs relatively.If compare with the difference that comes from for the representational comparative quantity of this bearing type, the temporal poor D of this maximum is as far as possible little, and then the assessment for the operation characteristic of bearing 1 plays positive effect.
Another evaluation criteria of the operation characteristic of bearing 1 is the maximum slope of the attenuation characteristic of cycle P.In order to determine this value, in Fig. 2, marked the straight line G that has characterized attenuation characteristic, can infer the stable operation of how soon adjusting to bearing 1 from its slope, wherein, stable operation appears more quickly, then the operation characteristic of classification bearing more goodly.
As other evaluation criteria, consider the maximum peak-to-peak value S of the cycle P of curvilinear motion.This same set up be, compare with the maximum peak-to-peak value that comes from for the representational comparative quantity of this bearing type, maximum peak-to-peak value is big more, then the operation characteristic of classification bearing more goodly.
That is to say, measured rotational time based on bearing 1, and based on the curvilinear motion K of the rotational time in a plurality of revolutions, determine at least one (in this embodiment of the present invention six altogether) value, according to these values or its single and/or its combination, draw or can draw conclusion, wherein, determined value preferably is associated with fiducial value for identical bearing type about the operation characteristic of bearing 1.The representational comparative quantity of the analog value of identical bearing type is understood that at least two ten fiducial values respectively.
In this embodiment of the present invention, an I of the operation of bearing 1 and the 2nd II time period are about 6 minutes, wherein, and at present for explaining the length of the present invention select time section I and II.Typically, each time period I and II have at least between five and ten cycle P.In addition, can also on time period II, replenish other time period.
Can be under the situation of pure test structure according to method of the present invention with bearing to be assessed, if bearing to be assessed has been embedded in the computer tomograph or this run duration in the setting of computer tomograph is performed, wherein follow certain operation of computer tomograph, monitor the operation characteristic of bearing concurrently.This method can also be used for operation monitoring, thereby can discern bearing problem early according to the mode with advantage.
Except the manufacturing of bearing, the invention enables can the Validity Test bearing and can carry out the causes analysis of bearing where necessary, also can improve the manufacture process of bearing thus.For the user of bearing, advantage of the present invention is, discerns the bearing of fault in time and the after-cost can be limited within the limit.In addition, improved availability device, for example computer tomograph with bearing.
The front is that example has been described the present invention with the bearing of computer tomograph.Yet the present invention can also be used to assess the operation characteristic of other bearing.
Claims (11)
1. method that is used to assess the operation characteristic of bearing (1), wherein move described bearing (1) corresponding to the operating position of its setting, wherein measure rotational time continuously for each complete revolution of described bearing (1), wherein, quantity about complete revolution, determine the curvilinear motion (K) of the measured rotational time of described bearing (1), and wherein, in order to assess the operation characteristic of described bearing (1), analyze measured rotational time and/or curvilinear motion (K) for the complete revolution of this bearing (1).
2. method according to claim 1, wherein, operation described bearing (1) under the condition of the rotating speed between 5U/min and the 120U/min.
3. method according to claim 1 and 2, wherein, described bearing (1) is moved at least one very first time section (I), is changed to static and moved at least one second time period (II) from the stationary state of this bearing (1) from the stationary state of this bearing (1).
4. according to each described method in the claim 1 to 3, wherein, determine the mean value (M) of rotational time based on the rotational time of all measurements of described bearing (1).
5. according to each described method in the claim 1 to 4, wherein, rotational time based on all measurements of described bearing (1) is determined maximum temporal poor (D), and temporal poor (D) of this maximum occurs between two rotational times complete revolution, measured that belong in succession.
6. according to each described method in the claim 1 to 5, wherein, described curvilinear motion (K) has periodically, and this periodically shows the characteristic of decay, wherein, and from the definite maximum slope of described curvilinear motion for this attenuation characteristic.
7. according to each described method in the claim 1 to 6, wherein, described curvilinear motion (K) has periodically, wherein, the peak-to-peak value in the cycle (P) of described curvilinear motion (K) changes through a plurality of complete revolution, wherein, determines maximum peak-to-peak value (S) from described curvilinear motion (K).
8. according to each described method in the claim 3 to 7, wherein, very first time section (I) for the operation of described bearing (1), rotational time based on described bearing (1) measured in very first time section (I), determine the very first time mean value (M1) of rotational time, and wherein, for second time period (II) of the operation of described bearing (1), based on the rotational time of bearing measured in second time period (1), determine second time average (M2) of rotational time.
9. method according to claim 8, wherein, (K) determines the following duration based on described curvilinear motion: in this duration, the rotational time of described bearing (1) reaches first mean value (M1) of described rotational time.
10. according to each described method in the claim 1 to 9, this method is used to assess the operation characteristic of bearing (1), and this bearing is with respect to the stationary part (4) of the frame (2) of the computer tomograph rotatable portion (3) of frames (2) rotatably.
11. device that is used to assess the operation characteristic of bearing, have at least one bearing (1), be used to measure the parts (9 of the rotational time of described at least one bearing, 11), be used to write down described at least one bearing (1) measured rotational time parts (10,11) and be used for carrying out computing unit (11) according to each described method of claim 1 to 10.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE201010005636 DE102010005636A1 (en) | 2010-01-25 | 2010-01-25 | Method for evaluating operating performance of bearing of computer tomography apparatus, involves evaluating measured circulation period of bearing and/or curve characteristic for evaluating operating performance of bearing |
| DE102010005636.7 | 2010-01-25 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN102135471A true CN102135471A (en) | 2011-07-27 |
Family
ID=44295320
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2011100236434A Pending CN102135471A (en) | 2010-01-25 | 2011-01-21 | Method and device of assessing running performance of bearing |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN102135471A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE102010005636A1 (en) |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3503358A1 (en) * | 1985-02-01 | 1986-08-07 | Manfred Dipl.-Ing. 7000 Stuttgart Plank | Method and device for measuring frictional forces on the paths of revolution of rolling elements |
| US5621159A (en) * | 1995-11-02 | 1997-04-15 | Dell Usa L.P. | Method and apparatus for determining fan bearing friction |
| DE102004050897A1 (en) * | 2004-10-19 | 2006-05-11 | Siemens Ag | Method and device for detecting a defective bearing of a rotating rotating shaft |
| DE102007036271A1 (en) * | 2007-07-31 | 2009-02-05 | Baumer Hübner GmbH | Encoder with monitoring of bearing wear and method |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB8331263D0 (en) * | 1983-11-23 | 1983-12-29 | Ciba Geigy Ag | Roller monitor |
-
2010
- 2010-01-25 DE DE201010005636 patent/DE102010005636A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2011
- 2011-01-21 CN CN2011100236434A patent/CN102135471A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3503358A1 (en) * | 1985-02-01 | 1986-08-07 | Manfred Dipl.-Ing. 7000 Stuttgart Plank | Method and device for measuring frictional forces on the paths of revolution of rolling elements |
| US5621159A (en) * | 1995-11-02 | 1997-04-15 | Dell Usa L.P. | Method and apparatus for determining fan bearing friction |
| DE102004050897A1 (en) * | 2004-10-19 | 2006-05-11 | Siemens Ag | Method and device for detecting a defective bearing of a rotating rotating shaft |
| DE102007036271A1 (en) * | 2007-07-31 | 2009-02-05 | Baumer Hübner GmbH | Encoder with monitoring of bearing wear and method |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 刘晓亭等: "大型水电机组推力轴承运行稳定性及故障诊断", 《水利发电》 * |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE102010005636A1 (en) | 2011-07-28 |
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Application publication date: 20110727 |