CN102135393A - Measurement system for motion parameters of high-speed motion object - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a measurement system for motion parameters of a high-speed motion object. The measurement system comprises a laser target (A) and a laser target (B), wherein two coplanar parallel laser screens are formed in the laser target A and the laser target B respectively; the direction of propagation of the two parallel laser screens is perpendicular to each other; the laser target (A) and the laser target (B) are connected with an optical fibre face array (9) through optical fibres; when passing through the parallel laser screens, the motion object blocks a part of laser screens to make luminous flux in the optical fibre face array changed; the variable quantity is acquired by an optical signal acquisition device and transmitted to a computer (10); and the parameters such as a speed, coordinates, and scattering and motion gestures when the motion object passes through the screens can be obtained by processing an acquired image and displayed on a display. The measurement system is low in cost, simple in operation and high in precision and can carry out all-day continuous measurement.
Description
Technical field
Patent of the present invention relates to the technical field that laser target is measured high-speed moving object (bullet, fragmentation etc.) kinematic parameter, relate in particular to a kind of measuring system of measuring the kinematic parameter of high-speed moving object, comprise the parameter such as coordinate, speed, distribution, deflection angle, the angle of pitch, athletic posture of moving object.
Background technology
In weapons development, production, in gunnery training and the firing table establishment, need often to measure the kinematic parameter of bullet.At present, to the measurement of high-speed moving object kinematic parameter, mainly contain contact and contactless two kinds.Traditional measuring method is to erect the cardboard target on predetermined trajectory, shoot certain number of times according to related standards after, measure the shell hole that stays on the paper target by manual method.Method is simple to operate, but measurement result is objective inadequately, and certainty of measurement is not high yet, and is difficult to difference coincidence and the approaching coordinate position that overlaps.In contactless measuring system, the sound target is the shock wave that produces when utilizing the bullet supersonic flight, by measuring kinematic parameter that time that the bullet shock wave arrives the predetermined sensor array calculates bullet, such domestic and international patented technology is a lot, as Chinese patent CN85107388, CN92106027, and U.S. Pat 006198694, US002916289 etc., though the sound target technology is simple, convenient, but be subjected to external interference easily, particularly outdoor, mistake target rate is higher.Optical target utilizes the means of Photoelectric Detection to realize non-contact speed measurement, and is easy and simple to handle, testing efficiency is high, precision is high, test specification is big and be not subjected to the influence of weather, has significant advantage in conventional weapons velocity of shot is tested.At present, this measuring technology has been widely applied in the bullet athletic posture testing experiment.The international and domestic optical target of all having developed multiple practicality, as Chinese patent CN200420007418.7 etc., U.S. Pat 4272189, US3727069 etc., they are to adopt a plurality of luminescent devices and corresponding with it a plurality of receiving devices to form network, when bullet passes, block corresponding light, detect the output signal of accepting device of correspondence position, judge the kinematic parameter of bullet, this method can be measured the kinematic parameter more than simultaneously.But this method needs photoelectric receiving device and a plurality of light source of a plurality of function admirables, also will constantly detect a plurality of states of accepting device in test process, the design more complicated of circuit part.The method that adopts a plurality of light curtains to cross to measure, as Chinese patent CN200710019000.6, this method is less demanding to the collimation of light curtain, but complex structure, the relative position between the light curtain needs accurately to transfer, and the calculating when getting parms is comparatively complicated.Also have the CCD upright target that crosses, this method has the certainty of measurement height, test speed is fast and the automaticity advantages of higher, and has been successfully applied to the tracking measurement of target flight path in the modern target range.Photodetector system as the 2mx2m of Austrian AVL company development; The TDI-CCD light target point of impact coordinate measuring system of Institutes Of Technology Of Nanjing's design, the worst error of its measurement is 2.53mm.But this system will carry out complicated adjustment in use, and the computing formula of position coordinates is very complicated, and the factor that influences coordinate precision is many, can't distinguish continuous fire and overlap coordinate, needs a plurality of CCD, and cost is higher.And, used two CCD cameras to take a target surface coordinate towards ballistic path direction.In addition, also having a lot of methods in non-cpntact measurement also is important testing the speed in section as the Doppler radar velocity-measuring system that adopts the development of Doppler range rate measurement principle, and it has very high measuring accuracy.But all kinds of corrupt practices creep in for this speed-measuring method, huge as equipment, cost an arm and a leg, and be unsuitable for measurement of small-bore bullet speed etc.
Summary of the invention
Patent of the present invention proposes a kind of simple to operate, measures accurately stable performance, the measuring system of round-the-clock continual high-speed moving object kinematic parameter.Can measure speed, coordinate, distribution and the athletic posture of moving object simultaneously, realize one-machine-multi-function, and can be made into the large-area laser target.Can use a high-speed area array CMOS camera to finish above-mentioned multinomial measurement task, both guarantee higher certainty of measurement, reduce the measurement cost again.This method is a non-cpntact measurement, and disposable input is forever used.
For realizing above-mentioned technical assignment, the present invention proposes following solution.
This test macro is handled by parallel laser light curtain, signals collecting, image and the display part constitutes.When the light curtain is passed in moving object, the shield portions laser light curtain, the luminous flux that optical receiver assembly receives changes, this variable quantity is by the signal pickup assembly collection, and transfer to computer, by the image that collects is handled, the parameters such as speed, coordinate, distribution and athletic posture in the time of just can obtaining moving object and pass the light curtain, and show by display.
Laser target is a quadra, and horizontal direction is an X-direction, and vertical direction is a Y direction, is respectively equipped with parallel laser transmitter and optical receiver assembly in X-axis and Y direction.With the X-direction is example, at the left end of laser target generating laser is installed, and at homonymy Fresnel Lenses is housed, and generating laser is positioned on the focus of Fresnel Lenses.(right-hand member) installs fiber linear array on the relative side laser target of generating laser, and fiber end face is as the receiving system of light curtain, as shown in Figure 4.In order to obtain rate signal, we make a pair of identical laser target, and target holder is placed on the levels operation platform, and the spacing of target is fixed value S (S decides according to actual conditions), because the sample frequency of high-speed area array CMOS camera is fixed during work, the time interval between every two field picture equates.So, find the image that has moving object kinematic parameter feature, just can calculate the time difference Δ t of moving object through two laser targets, can calculate the speed v of moving object when crossing target so.Its characteristics are: the formation of parallel laser light curtain.Adopt the Linear Laser device as light source, laser instrument sends fan-shaped laser beam, laser instrument is placed on the focus of Fresnel Lenses, adjusts laser positions and makes the laser beam sector be orthogonal to the center line of Fresnel Lenses.Fresnel Lenses is a kind of optical system of precision, and it is to manufacture and design according to the requirement to receiving sensitivity and receiving angle, is injection molded into thin line sheet by polythene material usually, engraves meticulous minute surface and texture again.Its technology acuracy requires very high, and the necessary clean mark of high-quality lens, any surface finish, thickness are about 0.65mm.The transmitance of infrared light should be greater than 65%.Compare with traditional optical glass lens, Fresnel Lenses has in light weight, and material source is abundant, and cost is low, and is easy to make, and bore is big, characteristics such as thin thickness.Utilized the parallel focus characteristics of Fresnel Lenses in the design, allowed light source launch, through forming one the directional light curtain after it from the focus of Fresnel Lenses.The sector optical curtain that the Linear Laser device sends forms directional light curtain uniformly after the Fresnel Lenses effect.Use a generating laser just can satisfy the light source requirements of a direction of laser target, with respect to adopting the design of array LED as light source in other optical target, patent of the present invention is debugging and replacing easily, and has reduced cost.
The signals collecting part is made up of fiber array, high-speed area array CMOS camera.The fiber end face of fiber linear array is as the receiving terminal of light curtain, meeting occlusion part beam split curtain when moving object process light curtain, make the position of fiber facet battle array correspondence produce blackening, high-speed area array CMOS camera just gets off the change records of these generations, and is transferred in the computer and handles.Its characteristics are: the conversion of plastic optical fiber bundle.Plastic optical fiber inserted in the aluminium sheet have the linear array aperture form fiber linear array, as shown in Figure 4, the aperture on the aluminium sheet is equidistant, and diameter is identical, and the center of circle of all apertures is on a center line.Plastic optical fiber is inserted in the aperture of aluminium sheet, and cement with glue.The end face of fiber linear array is as parallel laser light curtain receiving terminal, and laser transfers to the optical fiber other end through plastic optical fiber.An other end of optical fiber is inserted composition fiber facet battle array in the aluminium sheet that has face battle array aperture.Fiber facet battle array aperture on the aluminium sheet is equidistant, and diameter is identical, becomes the matrix form of rule to distribute, and as shown in Figure 5, optical fiber is inserted in the aperture in order successively, and cements with glue.By the conversion of fibre bundle, two fiber linear arrays above the target all can be converged to and constitute the fiber facet battle array together.The size of fiber facet battle array will satisfy the visual field requirement of high-speed area array CMOS camera.The visual field of camera is by camera imaging face and the common decision of camera lens.The camera lens kind that is complementary with high-speed area array CMOS camera is a lot of in the market, selects the space bigger.Handle multiple parameters such as the speed that can obtain moving object, coordinate, distribution, athletic posture by the image that the high-speed cmos camera is taken.
Laser target among the present invention is made up of Linear Laser transmitter, Fresnel Lenses and fiber linear array, this design characteristic is: use a generating laser just can form Energy distribution directional light curtain relatively uniformly at a direction of principal axis under the effect of Fresnel Lenses, be convenient to install and debugging, can make the large-area laser target.And, can make the directional light curtain coplane of X-direction and Y direction by regulating the position of laser instrument and Fresnel Lenses.
Realization of the present invention is that also the optics receiving terminal uses the plastic optical fiber bundle to transmit laser.The compacting of plastic optical fiber bundle is formed single fiber linear array, can select the plastic optical fiber of different-diameter for use according to actual test request.Plastic optical fiber has good pliability, makes construction and installation more simple and quick, and optical fiber core diameter ambassador gets its connection does not need to adopt the hi-Fix interface unit, allows to use the injection moulding connector, thereby greatly reduces link cost.Simultaneously, the plastic optical fiber price is lower, has the transfer rate height, the characteristics that transmission capacity is big.Adopt plastic optical fiber as transmission medium, make the designs simplification of receiving terminal, reduced the use number of high-speed cmos camera.
The present invention only adopts a high-speed area array CMOS camera to receive the change of optical signal in a plurality of fiber linear array receiving systems, only needs the picture signal that collects is handled, and just can obtain the parameter of a plurality of moving objects.The critical piece of high-speed cmos camera is a cmos image sensor, it is a kind ofly with the traditional die process photosensitive element array, signal read circuits, A/D change-over circuit, imaging signal processing circuit and controller etc. to be integrated into imageing sensor on the chip piece, has advantages simple in structure, that processing capacity is many, yield rate is high and cheap.Adopt identical light-sensitive material with CCD, photoelectricity transformation principle is identical, but reads the process difference, and circuit system is simple than ccd sensor.Cmos sensor is single supply work, and ccd sensor needs 2-3 different power supply, and the power consumption of cmos sensor is the 10%-20% of CDD sensor.In addition, ccd sensor needs special manufacturing process, and cmos sensor shared 90% make the used identical basic fundamental of semiconductor devices, this just means and can make cmos sensor in the manufactory that produces other digital signal chip of great majority.We can say that cmos sensor has better cost performance than ccd sensor.So, use a high-speed area array CMOS camera as signal collecting device, not only simplify the structure, reduce experimental cost, and integral body is optimized more, realize one-machine-multi-function.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 test system structure schematic diagram of the present invention
Fig. 2 laser target structural representation of the present invention is an example with laser target A, and B is identical with the A structure;
Fig. 3 bullet is by laser target attitude schematic diagram;
A kind of specific embodiment of Fig. 4 test macro of the present invention;
The structural representation of fiber facet battle array in Fig. 5 test macro of the present invention.
The specific embodiment
Embodiment 1
Be illustrated in figure 1 as test system structure schematic diagram of the present invention, comprise laser target A and laser target B, respectively form the parallel laser light curtain of two coplanes among laser target A and the laser target B, the direction of propagation of two parallel laser light curtains is orthogonal; Laser target A is connected with fiber facet battle array 9 by optical fiber with laser target B, when parallel laser light curtain is passed in moving object, the shield portions laser light curtain, cause that the luminous flux in the fiber facet battle array changes, this variable quantity is gathered by light signal collection device (for example high-speed area array CMOS camera 8), and transfers to computer 10, by the image that collects is handled, parameters such as speed, coordinate, distribution and athletic posture in the time of just can obtaining moving object and pass the light curtain, and show by display.
Embodiment 2
Present embodiment is introduced a kind of specific implementation method, at first makes a cube target holder, and concrete size is decided by actual needs.Vertical ground is placed two laser target A and B on the cube target holder, the target surface of two laser targets is parallel, the interval S of target, be illustrated in figure 2 as laser target structural representation of the present invention, describe for example A with the laser target, each laser target all has the parallel laser light curtain of X-direction and Y direction, the parallel laser light curtain of each direction all by generating laser 15 and 16, Fresnel Lenses 3 and 4 and fiber linear array 61 form.Simultaneously with reference to figure 4, laser emitter 15 is installed among Fig. 4 015 position on the target holder, and Fresnel Lenses 3 is installed on the target holder 03 position, and generating laser 16 is installed among Fig. 4 016 position on the target holder, and Fresnel Lenses 4 is installed on the target holder 04 position; Laser emitter 15,16 and Fresnel Lenses 3,4 are in the same side; Fiber linear array is installed on the target holder 5 and 6 position; Generating laser 15 and 16 adopts the Linear Laser device, laser instrument sends fan-shaped laser beam, laser instrument 15 and 16 is placed respectively on the focus of Fresnel Lenses 3 and 4, adjusting laser positions makes the laser beam sector be orthogonal to the center line of Fresnel Lenses, sector optical curtain forms directional light curtain uniformly after via the Fresnel Lenses effect, and the width of directional light curtain is by the length decision of Fresnel Lenses.
The fiber end face of fiber linear array 61 is as the receiving system of laser light curtain, and fiber linear array is made of plastic optical fiber and aluminium sheet with holes, and the diameter of optical fiber can be needed to decide by test.Suppose that fiber linear array is formed by the arrangement of one dimension direction by N root plastic optical fiber, with reference to figure 4, plastic optical fiber in the X-direction fiber linear array of laser target A is encoded to 1 to N successively, the plastic optical fiber of the Y direction of target A is encoded to N+1 to 2N successively, and the plastic optical fiber of the X-direction of target B is encoded to 2N+1 to 3N successively.The plastic optical fiber of the Y direction of target B is encoded to 3N+1 to 4N successively.According to from 1 to 4N order, every row in the aperture of inserting surface battle array, constitutes fiber facet battle array 9 from left to right successively with the other end of 4N root optical fiber.For example, with the kinematic parameter of the bullet of this measurement device 7.62mm, we are 10mm at thickness, wide 16mm punches on the aluminium sheet of long 1m, and the diameter in hole is 3.0mm, the center of circle in hole on the center line of aluminium sheet long axis direction, hole centre-to-centre spacing 3.5mm, this workpiece is as the end cover of fiber linear array.Selecting diameter is that the 3mm bare fibre vertically inserts aperture and uses glue sealing, makes fiber linear array.The end face of all optical fiber of fiber linear array is on same plane, and the most handy sand papering of end face is level and smooth.The price of bare fibre is cheap more a lot of than photodetector, and the shared volume of multifiber is very little.The laser target of making a 1mx1m approximately needs 330 one to two meter long bare fibres, about 1200 meters long.Use the plastic optical fiber of illumination level just can satisfy the requirement that passes light, and the price of illumination level optical fiber is cheaply more a lot of than communication stage optical fiber.Outside bare fibre, can also wrap up, play certain protective action with the thermoplastic sleeve pipe.Make the laser target of 1mx1m, then need the little hole matrix of two 26x26.Optical fiber is vertically inserted aperture, cement with glue, the fiber end face of fiber facet battle array will be on same plane, and will polish smooth with sand paper or other milling tools.The area of fiber facet battle array can not be too big, satisfy the visual field requirement of high-speed area array CMOS camera, so appropriate design after the spacing of optical fiber will be calculated according to the visual field of camera.
The selection of high-speed area array CMOS camera will be satisfied the moving object rate request that will measure, can capture the target signal excessively of moving object.So the frame frequency of camera and time for exposure all will meet the demands.For example: measure the kinematic parameter of 7.62mm bullet, velocity of shot is about 700m/s, the long 26.8mm of bullet, and bullet spends the target time so
The frame frequency of camera (fps) will satisfy so
Time for exposure is less than 40us.The frequency and the price of high-speed area array CMOS camera in the market have than big-difference, so select the space bigger.
1, the measurement of speed.
Moving object, as bullet P, the motion of the direction of vertical light curtain, occlusion part beam split curtain when its process laser light curtain, can be at the corresponding positions generation of fiber facet battle array 9 blackenings, the continuous motion of object makes that the hot spot on several pictures that high-speed area array CMOS camera collects is variant.Because the sample frequency of CMOS camera is fixed during work, so the time interval between every two field picture is equal.Target A and target B are corresponding with fiber facet battle array FX respectively, find out first width of cloth image at target A and target B position generation blackening respectively, just can obtain two time difference t between the image
2-t
1, known again two target spacings are S, can get the speed of moving object by calculating so,
2, the measurement of coordinate and distribution.
Each root optical fiber is encoded successively according to the X-direction of target A, Y direction, the X-direction of target B, the order of Y direction, and each fiber end face that makes fiber facet battle array 9 is corresponding unique coordinate on image all, sets up coding schedule.The direction motion of moving object vertical light curtain, occlusion part beam split curtain when its process light curtain, the luminous flux that the fiber end face of light curtain correspondence position receives changes, because each target all has X-direction and two fiber array end faces of Y direction, so both direction all can produce blackening on the fiber facet battle array, handle the coordinate of the blackening find generation by image, just can correspondence find moving object the target coordinate.When the light curtain is passed through in a plurality of moving objects simultaneously, measure respectively each moving object the target coordinate, by to same object respectively the coordinate on target one and target two compare, just can obtain it and scatter parameter.
3, the measurement of athletic posture
When moving object during through the light curtain, if its athletic posture is in the continuous variation, the luminous flux that receives of the fiber end face of fiber linear array correspondence is also changing so.The frequency of high-speed area array CMOS camera can make camera catch moving object continuous multiple image when crossing target fully, through a series of images that obtains is handled the athletic posture that just can know this object.Be the variation of blackening on the multiple image, reflect the athletic posture of moving object.
4, the measurement of the angle of pitch, deflection angle.
Work as moving object, as bullet, the moment of process light curtain is not when being the vertical light curtain, will produce the angle of pitch and deflection angle, as shown in Figure 3, it is different that the direction of bullet vertical light curtain enters the luminous flux that the light curtain blocks through light curtain and non-perpendicular direction, and the light flux variations that fiber end face receives also is different.For example, the luminous flux that bullet makes during vertically by target surface three optical fiber receive has produced variation, as shown in Figure 3, when elevation angle theta, the luminous flux of seven optical fiber receptions of Y direction is changed, carry out analytical calculation by the image that high-speed area array CMOS camera is obtained, just can obtain the value at the elevation angle that produces when object is crossed target.Promptly
Wherein, l is the length of all fiber end faces of changing of luminous flux, and L is a bullet length.In like manner, when producing deflection angle, the number of fibers that receives the variation of luminous flux generation on X-direction also can change, and can calculate the value of deflection angle with identical method.
The present invention starts with from the basic cell array structure of parallel laser light curtain, has carried out the space frame structure design of laser target, has used Fresnel Lenses cleverly, makes sector optical curtain convert the directional light curtain to.Use a laser instrument just can satisfy the light source requirements of a direction, and do not need a large amount of photoelectric receiving devices, make simplifying the structure of laser target, be convenient to debugging and replacing, reduced testing cost.By conversion to fibre bundle, all fiber linear arrays of two laser targets are converged on the fiber facet battle array, thereby realized using a high-speed area array CMOS camera just can obtain the target of a plurality of kinematic parameters of moving object, not only can measure the coordinate of moving object at predetermined target surface, and speed, the angle of pitch, deflection angle and athletic posture can measure target the time.The present invention has high cost performance and practicality, can be widely used in the kinematic parameter of measuring high-speed moving object.
Should be understood that, for those of ordinary skills, can be improved according to the above description or conversion, and all these improvement and conversion all should belong to the protection domain of claims of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. the measuring system of a high-speed moving object kinematic parameter, it is characterized in that, comprise laser target (A) and laser target (B), respectively form the parallel laser light curtain of two coplanes in laser target (A) and the laser target (B), two parallel laser light curtain directions of propagation are orthogonal; Laser target (A) is connected two fiber linear arrays respectively with laser target (B), it is a fiber facet battle array (9) that whole fiber linear arrays converge jointly, when described laser light curtain is passed in moving object, the shield portions laser light curtain, cause that the luminous flux in the fiber facet battle array changes, this variable quantity is gathered by the light signal collection device, and transfer to computer (10), by the image that collects is handled, parameters such as speed, coordinate, distribution and athletic posture in the time of just can obtaining moving object and pass the light curtain, and show by display.
2. measuring system according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described light signal collection device is a high-speed area array CMOS camera.
3. measuring system according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described laser target A and B include the parallel laser light curtain of X-direction and Y direction.
4. measuring system according to claim 3 is characterized in that, the parallel laser light curtain of described X-direction and Y direction is formed by a generating laser and a Fresnel Lenses.
5. measuring system according to claim 4 is characterized in that, described generating laser adopts the Linear Laser device, and laser instrument sends fan-shaped laser beam, and described laser instrument is placed on the Fresnel Lenses focus.
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| CN102744346A (en) * | 2012-07-17 | 2012-10-24 | 济宁科力光电产业有限责任公司 | Dynamic self-check method of safety light curtain |
| CN102902152A (en) * | 2011-07-29 | 2013-01-30 | 核工业西南物理研究院 | High-speed pill imaging system |
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| CN103702031A (en) * | 2013-12-27 | 2014-04-02 | 中国科学院西安光学精密机械研究所 | Large-field high-frame-frequency system and method for high-speed target measurement |
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Application publication date: 20110727 |