CN102117045A - Device and method for carrying out online measurement to height of a molten pool by utilizing optical method - Google Patents
Device and method for carrying out online measurement to height of a molten pool by utilizing optical method Download PDFInfo
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- CN102117045A CN102117045A CN 201110003097 CN201110003097A CN102117045A CN 102117045 A CN102117045 A CN 102117045A CN 201110003097 CN201110003097 CN 201110003097 CN 201110003097 A CN201110003097 A CN 201110003097A CN 102117045 A CN102117045 A CN 102117045A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a device and a method for carrying out online measurement to the height of a molten pool by utilizing an optical method. The device comprises an imaging element, a shading sheet, a light path amplification device and a photosensitive sensor, wherein the imaging element is placed above the molten pool, the shading sheet is placed in front of the imaging element, the light path amplification device is placed behind the imaging element, and the photosensitive sensor is used for receiving the reflected light of the light path amplification device; the photosensitive sensor is in signal connection with a computer; and the computer is in signal connection with a light generating device of a spray nozzle and a power conveying device to form the closed loop control to the height of the molten pool. By the adoption of the device and the method, the height of the molten pool can be measured through a light signal of the molten pool during the forming process; and an output signal can be taken as the input of a process closed loop system to reduce the uneven fluctuation of a forming surface, thereby the quality of the forming surface and a cladding surface can be effectively improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind ofly, be applicable to the applications such as laser surface reparation of electric arc shaping, metal laser direct-forming manufacturing, cladding laser surfaces and fragile part based on the optical principle on-line measurement melt pool height device and method of (this highly refers to the height of center, molten bath with respect to stationary reference plane).
Background technology
The laser metal forming technology is on the laser melting coating basis, a kind of advanced manufacturing technology that grows up in conjunction with rapid prototyping technology.Based on " discrete-as to pile up " shaping principle, this technology is utilized the cross section geometric information of part, the control cladding head moves on worktable, cladding head is the transferring metal powder both, transmission laser again, powder absorb fusing rapidly behind the energy, afterwards rapid solidification again, along with main shaft constantly promotes, Three-dimensional Entity Components just has been shaped on base material.The part of this process manufacturing has the following advantages: (1) responds market fast, shortens production life cycle; (2) directly near-net-shape manufacturing, produced part do not need or only need a small amount of aftertreatment just can directly be delivered for use; (3) be particularly suitable for making complex-shaped thin-walled parts; (4) interlayer metallurgical binding is organized fine and closely wovenly, and mechanical property surpasses or be equal to forging.Laser metal forming has broad application prospects in fields such as Aero-Space, automobile boats and ships and weaponrys.
Above-mentioned laser metal forming technology, a major criterion weighing forming quality is exactly a surfaceness.The roughness on surface not only influences part precision, and in forming process, if surface undulation (concavo-convex) is excessive, can cause the forming process failure.Surface irregularity is relevant with multiple factor, and such as the fluctuation of powder sending quantity, the fluctuation of laser power, adopting closed-loop control system is the important channel that obtains excellent surface quality.Uneven and elevation information is in time adjusted parameters such as feeding amount, power as the input of closed-loop control system with piece surface, designs a kind of closed-loop control system that can the on-line measurement melt pool height and is very important.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of device and method that detects the melt pool height in the forming process, the light or the laser beam laser light reflected of emission were light source when this device melted with the molten bath, realized the detection of molten bath high and low position by light sensor.
For reaching above purpose, the present invention takes following technical scheme to be achieved:
A kind of device that utilizes optical method on-line measurement melt pool height, it is characterized in that, comprise image-forming component, the anti-dazzling screen that places the image-forming component front that places the molten bath oblique upper, the light path multiplying arrangement that places the image-forming component back, the catoptrical light sensor of receiving light path multiplying arrangement, wherein, the molten bath is formed after the metal powder thawing with the output of nozzle place by light or laser high energy beam, and the centre normal of image-forming component and light or laser high energy beam axle center angle are the acute angle greater than 15 °; Image-forming component is 1～4 times of focal length place apart from the molten bath; Described light sensor signal connects computing machine, and the light generating device of Computer signal connection nozzle and dust feeder form the closed-loop control to melt pool height.
In the such scheme, image-forming component front or back are provided with optical filter and attenuator.Described light path multiplying arrangement is made up of several catoptrons.Described light sensor is the PSD sensor.Described image-forming component, light path multiplying arrangement and light sensor are arranged in the shielding box of a sealing.
A kind of method of utilizing said apparatus on-line measurement melt pool height is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
After the metal powder thawing of light or laser high energy beam with the output of nozzle place, form the molten bath, molten bath reflection ray or laser high energy beam, converge on the light sensor by image-forming component and light path multiplying arrangement, light sensor will react reflected light signal that melt pool height changes and be converted to electric signal and be sent to computing machine, the melt pool height h that Computer Processing obtains, computing machine outputs control signals to the light generating device and the dust feeder of nozzle according to the deviation size of actual melt pool height and desirable melt pool height, and control luminous energy or powder sending quantity, thereby formation is to the closed-loop control of melt pool height.
Advantage of the present invention is: implement simply, with low cost, response speed is fast, and output signal is the continuous analog amount, can on-line measurement.Be embodied in, do not need additional source of light, directly utilize the light of molten bath emission or the light of energy source institute radiation to measure, elevation information control forming parameters according to the molten bath, realize the closed-loop control of high energy beam metal direct forming layer height or laser melting coating layer height, to reduce the uneven of profiled surface, can effectively improve profiled surface and cladding layer surface quality.
Description of drawings
The present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with the drawings and the specific embodiments.
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of apparatus of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the single track thin-walled wall part photo that does not adopt the present invention to be shaped.
Fig. 3 is the single track thin-walled wall part photo that adopts apparatus of the present invention and method to be shaped.
Embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of device that utilizes optical method on-line measurement melt pool height includes image-forming component 8, light path multiplying arrangement 5, light sensor 7, anti-dazzling screen 11, attenuator 9, optical filter 10.
Wherein image-forming component 8 is aperture or lens combination, and its effect is that light or high energy beam that nozzle sends are passed through the energy centralization of molten bath 1 reflection to light activated element thereafter.The installation site of image-forming component 8 be aperture place or lens center apart from the requirement of molten bath 1 according to enlargement factor, can be taken at 1～4 times of focal length place, make the molten bath on light sensor 7, to become real image; The centre normal of image-forming component 8 and light or laser high energy beam axle center angle are the acute angle greater than 15 °.Anti-dazzling screen 11 is equipped with in the place ahead of image-forming component 8, and optical filter 10 and attenuator 9 are equipped with in the place ahead of image-forming component 8 or rear.The effect of anti-dazzling screen 11 is only to allow near molten bath 1 light to enter, and covers most of ambient light.The effect of attenuator 9 is light ray energy when molten bath 1 reflection when too strong, can play the effect of even decay, with light sensor 7.The effect of optical filter is only to allow the light of some wavelength to pass through under situation about having.Such as when high energy beam is Nd:YAG laser, this optical maser wavelength is 1064nm, and install the narrow band pass filter that centre wavelength is 1064nm this moment additional before camera lens, only allow laser light reflected to see through, and just can avoid the influence of other light to testing result.
Light path multiplying arrangement 5 is made up of the catoptron more than the two sides, its objective is to prolong light path when dwindling whole device volume, makes that the displacement of hot spot on light sensor 7 increased when molten bath 1 height rose and fell, thereby signal is amplified.
For fear of interference such as electromagnetism, image-forming component 8, light path multiplying arrangement 5, light sensor 7, anti-dazzling screen 11, attenuator 9, optical filter 10 can be installed in the shielding box 6 of sealing.
The present invention utilizes device shown in Figure 1 to realize the method for on-line measurement melt pool height:
After metal powder 2 thawings of light or laser high energy beam 3 with the output of nozzle place, form molten bath 1, molten bath reflection ray or laser high energy beam, converge on the light sensor 7 by image-forming component 8 and light path multiplying arrangement 5, light sensor will react reflected light signal that melt pool height changes and be converted to electric signal and be sent to computing machine 4, the melt pool height h that Computer Processing obtains, computing machine outputs control signals to the light generating device and the dust feeder of nozzle according to the deviation size of actual melt pool height and desirable melt pool height, and control luminous energy or powder sending quantity, thereby formation is to the closed-loop control of melt pool height.
The basic technology parameter is in the experimentation: initial laser power 200～250W, laser spot diameter 0.5mm, sweep velocity 8～12mm/s, powder sending quantity 7.6～8.0g/min, load volume 6～8L/min.Testing base materials employed is the 316L corrosion resistant plate, and used powder size is the 316L stainless steel of 50～100 μ m.
As Fig. 2, shown in Figure 3, the part among Fig. 3 will be much smaller than the part among Fig. 2 on height relief.
The present invention relates to but be not limited to utilize electric arc or high energy beam to come cladding material to carry out the field of solid forming to substrate surface, such as the fields such as laser repairing of metal laser direct-forming manufacturing, cladding laser surfaces and fragile part, particularly accuracy requirement all is suitable for than higher occasion.
Claims (6)
1. device that utilizes optical method on-line measurement melt pool height, it is characterized in that, comprise image-forming component, the anti-dazzling screen that places the image-forming component front that places the molten bath oblique upper, the light path multiplying arrangement that places the image-forming component back, the catoptrical light sensor of receiving light path multiplying arrangement, wherein, the molten bath is formed after the metal powder thawing with the output of nozzle place by light or laser high energy beam, and the centre normal of image-forming component and light or laser high energy beam axle center angle are the acute angle greater than 15 °; Image-forming component is 1～4 times of focal length place apart from the molten bath; Described light sensor signal connects computing machine, and the light generating device of Computer signal connection nozzle and dust feeder form the closed-loop control to melt pool height.
2. the device that utilizes optical method on-line measurement melt pool height as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that image-forming component front or back are provided with optical filter and attenuator.
3. the device that utilizes optical method on-line measurement melt pool height as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that, described light path multiplying arrangement is made up of several catoptrons.
4. the device that utilizes optical method on-line measurement melt pool height as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described light sensor is the PSD sensor.
5. the device that utilizes optical method on-line measurement melt pool height as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described image-forming component, light path multiplying arrangement and light sensor are arranged in the shielding box of a sealing.
6. the method for an on-line measurement melt pool height based on the described device that utilizes optical method on-line measurement melt pool height of claim 1, is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
After the metal powder thawing of light or laser high energy beam with the output of nozzle place, form the molten bath, molten bath reflection ray or laser high energy beam, converge on the light sensor by image-forming component and light path multiplying arrangement, light sensor will react reflected light signal that melt pool height changes and be converted to electric signal and be sent to computing machine, the melt pool height h that Computer Processing obtains, computing machine outputs control signals to the light generating device and the dust feeder of nozzle according to the deviation size of actual melt pool height and desirable melt pool height, and control luminous energy or powder sending quantity, thereby formation is to the closed-loop control of melt pool height.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN 201110003097 CN102117045A (en) | 2011-01-07 | 2011-01-07 | Device and method for carrying out online measurement to height of a molten pool by utilizing optical method |
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| CN 201110003097 CN102117045A (en) | 2011-01-07 | 2011-01-07 | Device and method for carrying out online measurement to height of a molten pool by utilizing optical method |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104962908A (en) * | 2015-07-29 | 2015-10-07 | 苏州大学 | Laser cladding method based on CCD (Charge Coupled Device) |
| CN107328391A (en) * | 2017-06-28 | 2017-11-07 | 武汉理工大学 | A kind of multi-sensor cooperation monitoring device and method for broadband laser cladding |
| CN108620752A (en) * | 2017-03-17 | 2018-10-09 | 丰田自动车株式会社 | Measuring apparatus and laser welding apparatus |
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| CN1582451A (en) * | 2001-11-17 | 2005-02-16 | 株式会社Insstek | Method and system for real-time monitoring and controlling height of deposit by using image photographing and image processing technology in laser cladding and laser-aided direct metal mfg. process |
| CN1737197A (en) * | 2005-09-01 | 2006-02-22 | 上海交通大学 | Crack controlling means for laser deposition formed metal parts |
| CN201015816Y (en) * | 2005-05-25 | 2008-02-06 | 普雷茨特两合公司 | Device for monitoring the laser processing course and the laser processing head |
| CN101328584A (en) * | 2007-06-19 | 2008-12-24 | 上海海事大学 | Laser cladding real time monitoring system |
| CN101394966A (en) * | 2006-02-24 | 2009-03-25 | 通快机床两合公司 | Mirror arrangement of a laser machining unit comprising a mirror having at least two mirror regions and a shadow zone |
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2011
- 2011-01-07 CN CN 201110003097 patent/CN102117045A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1582451A (en) * | 2001-11-17 | 2005-02-16 | 株式会社Insstek | Method and system for real-time monitoring and controlling height of deposit by using image photographing and image processing technology in laser cladding and laser-aided direct metal mfg. process |
| CN201015816Y (en) * | 2005-05-25 | 2008-02-06 | 普雷茨特两合公司 | Device for monitoring the laser processing course and the laser processing head |
| CN1737197A (en) * | 2005-09-01 | 2006-02-22 | 上海交通大学 | Crack controlling means for laser deposition formed metal parts |
| CN101394966A (en) * | 2006-02-24 | 2009-03-25 | 通快机床两合公司 | Mirror arrangement of a laser machining unit comprising a mirror having at least two mirror regions and a shadow zone |
| CN101328584A (en) * | 2007-06-19 | 2008-12-24 | 上海海事大学 | Laser cladding real time monitoring system |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104962908A (en) * | 2015-07-29 | 2015-10-07 | 苏州大学 | Laser cladding method based on CCD (Charge Coupled Device) |
| CN108620752A (en) * | 2017-03-17 | 2018-10-09 | 丰田自动车株式会社 | Measuring apparatus and laser welding apparatus |
| CN108620752B (en) * | 2017-03-17 | 2019-11-26 | 丰田自动车株式会社 | Measuring device and laser welding apparatus |
| CN107328391A (en) * | 2017-06-28 | 2017-11-07 | 武汉理工大学 | A kind of multi-sensor cooperation monitoring device and method for broadband laser cladding |
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Application publication date: 20110706 |