CN102115817A - Laterite-nickel ore pelletizing sintering process - Google Patents
Laterite-nickel ore pelletizing sintering process Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a laterite-nickel ore pelletizing sintering process. The process comprises the following steps of: sieving green ore powder through meshes with the diameters equal to or lower than 3 millimeters; recrushing the power which can not be sieved until meeting the sieving requirement on size; uniformly mixing the sieved green ore powder with a reducing agent, a neutralizing agent and an adhesion agent; pelletizing the uniformly mixed premix powder through a pelletizer; and placing the pelletized globular ore powder into a rotary kiln to be sintered. Before sintering, the green ore powder with the fineness achieving a certain degree is pelletized and then sintered so that the ore materials can be uniformly heated in a sintering process, thereby shortening the sintering and reducing time, reducing fuel consumption and avoiding environmental pollution caused by dust generated due to the direct sintering of the powdered ore materials. The laterite-nickel ore pelletizing sintering process can cause the percent of reduction of the nickel ore to be more than 90 percent and even 100 percent.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of sintering process of red soil nickel ore.
Background technology
Nickel is a kind of silvery white metal, because it has excellent mechanical intensity and ductility, infusibility is high temperature resistant, and has a very high chemical stability, characteristic such as not oxidation in air, therefore be a kind of crucial non-ferrous metal raw material, be used to make stainless steel, High Nickel Steel and structural alloy steel, be widely used in various military project production such as aircraft, radar, guided missile, tank, naval vessels, spaceship, reactor.In civilian industry, nickel is often made structure iron, duriron, high temperature steel etc. and is used for various machinery manufacturing industry in a large number.Nickel can also be done beramic color and coating for protection against corrosion.Red soil nickel ore is the high nickel oxide ore of a kind of iron content, and at the bottom of the siliceous magnesium, nickeliferous is 1%-2%; Silicic acid nickel institute iron content is low, siliceous magnesium height, and nickeliferous is 1.6-4.0%.The development and use of nickel oxide ore are based on red soil nickel ore at present, and it is formed by ultrabasic rocks weathering development, and nickel mainly exists with nickel limonite (seldom crystallization or non crystallized ferric oxide) form.
Existing red soil nickel ore generally adopts diffusing burning of blast furnace or rotary kiln mode to carry out sintering, and these two kinds of sintering processings are that powdery nickel minerals powder is directly put into small furnace or rotary kiln.
Small furnace is one deck fuel one deck red soil nickel ore powder, carry out sintering after one deck fuel one deck nickel minerals bisque layer piles up again, then the powdery sinter is transferred to and carried out the crude iron smelting in the hot stove in ore deposit, there is following problem in this sintering processing: because raw material is not of uniform size, in the agglomerating process dust pollution big, be heated inhomogeneous, for mineral aggregate fully is heated, often need to prolong sintering time, waste of fuel is big, and sintering and reducing is inhomogeneous, mineral aggregate reduction ratio behind the sintering is low, and reduction ratio is the highest only to reach 75%.
Use the powdered ore material during with rotary kiln, because powdery mineral aggregate particle is little, and the rotating speed of rotary kiln slow (general rotating speed is 1.5-2.0m/ minute), owing to need before the reduction mineral aggregate is carried out in the modification and added lime, also reduced the fusing point of mineral aggregate in the time of modification, therefore part mineral powder enters on the inner-wall surface that the fritting state adheres to sintering oven easily in the agglomerating process of high-temperature zone, causes the body of heater damage, causes the maintenance rate height of equipment.For avoiding sticking stove situation to take place, adopted more and reduced the mode that furnace temperature prolongs the recovery time and handle, and in sintering process because the gap between the powder is little, heat passage slow, cause the hazardous condition of quick-fried stove to take place easily, bury unsafe hidden danger to production.Powdery behind sintering reduction mineral aggregate is transferred in the process of the hot stove in ore deposit, and also (temperature that generally enters the powdery sinter of the hot stove in ore deposit is about 400 ℃) causes the waste of the energy because the powdery sinter dispels the heat easily.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide environmental protection, energy-conservation, reduction ratio is high, red soil nickel ore pellet sintering technology efficiently.
Purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions, and its processing step is as follows:
(1) original ore powder material screen choosing: the raw ore powder is sieved by the mesh that diameter is equal to or less than below the 3mm; Can not carry out fragmentation again by the powder of screen cloth, until sieving.
(2) premix powders: the raw ore powder and reductive agent, neutralizing agent, the tackiness agent that sieve are mixed;
(3) make ball: will make ball through pelletizer through the premix powders that mixes of step (2);
(4) will put into rotary kiln through the spherical mineral aggregate of making ball then and carry out sintering.
Because before technology of the present invention is carried out sintering to the raw material breeze, the breeze that needs to reach certain fineness is made spherical earlier, and then carry out sintering, therefore mineral aggregate is heated evenly in sintering process, the mineral aggregate that is processed into pelletizing can run up down and improve output exponentially 800-850 ℃ of sintering and reducing simultaneously; Thereby shortened the time of sintering and reducing, reduced the usage quantity of fuel, can also avoid simultaneously the powdery mineral aggregate being carried out the pollution to environment of dust that sintering caused because of direct.Adopt the spherical sintering process of red soil nickel ore of the present invention that the reduction ratio of nickel minerals is reached more than 90%, can reach 100%.Transfer in the process of the hot stove in ore deposit through the spherical reduction mineral aggregate of the present invention behind sintering, also help saving energy consumption because sphere of powder shape sinter is not easy heat radiation (temperature that generally enters the spherical sinter of the hot stove in ore deposit can remain on about 600 ℃).
Embodiment:
(1) raw ore screening is sieved the raw ore powder by the mesh that diameter is equal to or less than below the 3mm; Can not carry out fragmentation again by the powder of screen cloth, until sieving, stand-by;
(2) Preblend, when the moisture in the raw ore powder greater than 12% the time, need utilize the waste heat of rotary kiln to dry, make the moisture of raw ore powder reach 10-12%, use then three casees mixers with following material according to following ratio of weight and number premix: the raw ore powder: granularity is less than the bituminous coal of 5mm: granularity is less than the calcium lime powder of 5mm: powdery organic binder bond=100:8-12: 8-12: 1-3 mixes;
(3) make ball, will make ball through pelletizer (or claiming pelletizer) through the Preblend that mixes of step (2), the big I of spheroid is specifically set according to the size of electric furnace, and the thickness that general diameter with spheroid is 3-5cm, spheroid is that 2-3.5cm is the best;
(4) will put into rotary kiln through the pelletizing of making ball then and carry out the syllogic sintering:
Fs is a baking stage, utilizes the preliminary drying and shaping of rotary kiln waste heat, and pelletizing moisture is dropped to below 3%, drying time 20-25 minute; The fs rotary kiln does not rotate;
Subordinate phase is for continuing the intensification drying, progressively entering the sintering and reducing stage simultaneously, the pelletizing temperature is more than 450 ℃ when entering the kiln body in sintering and reducing stage through the pelletizing that utilizes the preliminary drying and shaping of rotary kiln waste heat, therefore the rotary kiln waste heat is fully used, reduced the energy consumption of heating, also shortened heating and the heating-up time and the energy consumption of 450-800 or 850 ℃ from normal temperature to 450 ℃.Approximately from kiln body length 1/4th to 1/3rd (10-15 rice), beginning progressively is warmed up to 800-850 ℃.The subordinate phase rotary kiln with 5-7 rice/minute rotational speed;
Phase III is the sintering and reducing stage, the 800-850 of rotary kiln ℃ high-temperature zone is located at 1/3rd places (from the opening for feed meter) of kiln body length, the pelletizing spheroid is 30 minutes in the time of high-temperature zone sintering and reducing, spheroid reduction ratio after 800-850 ℃ of sintering and reducing 25-35 minute meets or exceeds 90%, and spheroid is reduced fully in the high-temperature zone.Temperature during discharging is at 600-700 ℃.The phase III rotary kiln with 5-7 rice/minute rotational speed.
Adopt the length of technology rotary kiln of the present invention to shorten to 46 meters of the present invention from original 76-90 rice, the time of rotary kiln length and input and output material that can shorten has widely like this been improved output.
Now a lot of ferronickel factories adopt raw ore directly into rotary kiln sintered, because raw ore is not of uniform size, its not only neutralized alkalescence of red soil nickel ore has also reduced the fusing point of iron ore after adding neutralizing agent-lime, therefore tiny a bit mineral have fused and have been bonded on the stove when temperature is elevated to 800-850 and spends, tend at discharge port formation circle one by one, enclose more and more thicklyer, seriously influenced the body of heater running.Reduce furnace temperature for a lot of enterprises of ring formation not adopt, prolong sintering time in stove to reach the effect that improves the redox rate, often all only about 80-85%, this has just strengthened the waste of the energy and resource to reduction ratio.Adopt blast furnace to come the waste of the energy of sintering and reducing and resource serious especially!
To send into the crude iron that carries out common process in the hot stove in ore deposit through the sintered material behind the abundant sintering of the above-mentioned technology of the present invention smelts.Pelletizing is after finishing sintering, at high temperature volume after combustion is little for intravital coal of ball and tackiness agent a lot, form in the spheroid countless tiny cellular, make it have good temperature storage performance, in smelting furnace, have air permeability and good simultaneously, therefore highlight the superiority and the advance of this technology more.
Embodiment 1:
(1) raw ore screening is sieved the raw ore powder by the mesh that diameter equals below the 3mm; Can not carry out fragmentation again by the powder of screen cloth, until sieving, stand-by;
(2) Preblend, moisture in the raw ore powder reaches 11 %, can directly adopt three casees mixers with following material according to following ratio of weight and number premix: the raw ore powder: granularity is less than the bituminous coal of 5mm: granularity is less than the calcium lime powder of 5mm: powdery organic binder bond=100:10: 10: 2, mix;
(3) make ball, will make ball through pelletizer through the Preblend that mixes of step (2), the diameter of spheroid is that the thickness of 4cm, spheroid is 3cm;
(4) will put into rotary kiln through the pelletizing of making ball and carry out the syllogic sintering:
Fs is a baking stage, utilizes the preliminary drying and shaping of rotary kiln waste heat, and pelletizing moisture is dropped to below 3%, and drying time 22 minutes does not rotate at the fs rotary kiln;
Subordinate phase is for progressively continue heating up dry and enter the sintering and reducing stage, after mineral aggregate enters the subordinate phase of rotary kiln, rotary kiln with 5-7 rice/minute rotational speed; The pelletizing temperature heats up dry and enters the sintering and reducing stage progressively continuing more than 450 ℃ when entering the kiln body in sintering and reducing stage;
Phase III is the sintering and reducing stage, the 800-850 of rotary kiln ℃ high-temperature zone is located at 1/3rd places (from the opening for feed meter) of kiln body length, the pelletizing spheroid is 30 minutes in the time of high-temperature zone sintering and reducing, spheroid through 800-850 ℃ of sintering and reducing after 30 minutes reduction ratio reach 98%.Temperature during discharging is at 600-700 ℃, and spheroid is reduced fully in the high-temperature zone like this; The phase III rotary kiln with 5-7 rice/minute rotational speed.
To send into the crude iron that carries out common process in the hot stove in ore deposit through the sintered material behind the abundant sintering of the above-mentioned technology of the present invention smelts.
Embodiment 2:
(1) raw ore screening is sieved the raw ore powder by the mesh that diameter equals below the 3mm; Can not carry out fragmentation again by the powder of screen cloth, until sieving, stand-by;
(2) Preblend, moisture in the raw ore powder reaches 10 %, can directly adopt three casees mixers with following material according to following ratio of weight and number premix: the raw ore powder: granularity is less than the bituminous coal of 5mm: granularity is less than the calcium lime powder of 5mm: powdery organic binder bond=100:8: 11: 1, mix;
(3) make ball, will make ball through pelletizer through the Preblend that mixes of step (2), the diameter of spheroid is 2cm for the thickness of 3cm spheroid directly;
(4) will put into rotary kiln through the pelletizing of making ball then and carry out the syllogic sintering:
Fs is a baking stage, utilizes the preliminary drying and shaping of rotary kiln waste heat, and pelletizing moisture is dropped to below 3%, and drying time 20 minutes does not rotate at the fs rotary kiln;
Subordinate phase is for continuing the intensification drying, progressively entering the sintering and reducing stage simultaneously, the temperature of pelletizing is more than 450 ℃ when entering the rotary kiln body in sintering and reducing stage through the pelletizing of waste heat preliminary drying and shaping, and progressively be warming up to 800-850 ℃, the subordinate phase rotary kiln with 5-7 rice/minute rotational speed;
Phase III is the sintering and reducing stage, the high-temperature zone in the 800-850 of rotary kiln ℃ of sintering and reducing stage is located at 1/3rd places (from the opening for feed meter) of kiln body length, the pelletizing spheroid is 30 minutes in the time of high-temperature zone sintering and reducing, spheroid through 800-850 ℃ of sintering and reducing after 25 minutes reduction ratio reach 98%.Temperature during discharging is at 600-700 ℃, and spheroid is reduced fully in the high-temperature zone like this; The phase III rotary kiln with 5-7 rice/minute rotational speed.
To send into the crude iron that carries out common process in the hot stove in ore deposit through the sintered material behind the abundant sintering of the above-mentioned technology of the present invention smelts.
Embodiment 3:
(1) raw ore screening is sieved the raw ore powder by the mesh that diameter equals below the 3mm; Can not carry out fragmentation again by the powder of screen cloth, until sieving, stand-by;
(2) Preblend, moisture in the raw ore powder reaches 12 %, can directly adopt three casees mixers with following material according to following ratio of weight and number premix: the raw ore powder: granularity is less than the bituminous coal of 5mm: granularity is less than the calcium lime powder of 5mm: powdery organic binder bond=100:12: 10: 2, mix;
(3) make ball, will make ball through pelletizer through the Preblend that mixes of step (2), the diameter of spheroid is 3.5cm for the thickness of 5cm spheroid directly;
(4) will put into rotary kiln through the pelletizing of making ball then and carry out the syllogic sintering:
Fs is a baking stage, utilizes the preliminary drying and shaping of rotary kiln waste heat, and pelletizing moisture is dropped to below 3%, and drying time 25 minutes does not rotate at the fs rotary kiln;
Subordinate phase is for continuing the intensification drying, progressively entering the sintering and reducing stage simultaneously, the temperature of pelletizing is more than 450 ℃ when entering the rotary kiln body in sintering and reducing stage through the pelletizing of waste heat preliminary drying and shaping, and progressively be warming up to 800-850 ℃, the subordinate phase rotary kiln with 5-7 rice/minute rotational speed;
Phase III is the sintering and reducing stage, the high-temperature zone in the 800-850 of rotary kiln ℃ of sintering and reducing stage is located at 1/3rd places (from the opening for feed meter) of kiln body length, the pelletizing spheroid is 30 minutes in the time of high-temperature zone sintering and reducing, spheroid through 800-850 ℃ of sintering and reducing after 35 minutes reduction ratio reach 99%.Temperature during discharging is at 600-700 ℃, and spheroid is reduced fully in the high-temperature zone like this.The phase III rotary kiln with 5-7 rice/minute rotational speed.
To send into the crude iron that carries out common process in the hot stove in ore deposit through the sintered material behind the abundant sintering of the above-mentioned technology of the present invention smelts.
Embodiment 4:
(1) raw ore screening is sieved the raw ore powder by the mesh that diameter equals below the 3mm; Can not carry out fragmentation again by the powder of screen cloth, until sieving, stand-by;
(2) Preblend, moisture in the raw ore powder reaches 10.5 %, can directly adopt three casees mixers with following material according to following ratio of weight and number premix: the raw ore powder: granularity is less than the bituminous coal of 5mm: granularity is less than the calcium lime powder of 5mm: powdery organic binder bond=100:9: 9: 2, mix;
(3) make ball, will make ball through pelletizer through the Preblend that mixes of step (2), the diameter of spheroid is 3.5cm for the thickness of 5cm spheroid directly;
(4) will put into rotary kiln through the pelletizing of making ball then and carry out the syllogic sintering:
Fs is a baking stage, utilizes the preliminary drying and shaping of rotary kiln waste heat, and pelletizing moisture is dropped to below 3%, and drying time 24 minutes does not rotate at the fs rotary kiln.
Subordinate phase is for continuing the intensification drying, progressively entering the sintering and reducing stage simultaneously, the temperature of pelletizing is more than 450 ℃ when entering the rotary kiln body in sintering and reducing stage through the pelletizing of waste heat preliminary drying and shaping, and progressively be warming up to 800-850 ℃, the subordinate phase rotary kiln with 5-7 rice/minute rotational speed.
Phase III is the sintering and reducing stage, the high-temperature zone in the 800-850 of rotary kiln ℃ of sintering and reducing stage is located at 1/3rd places (from the opening for feed meter) of kiln body length, the pelletizing spheroid is 30 minutes in the time of high-temperature zone sintering and reducing, spheroid through 800-850 ℃ of sintering and reducing after 33 minutes reduction ratio meet or exceed 99.8%.Temperature during discharging is at 600-700 ℃, and spheroid is reduced fully in the high-temperature zone like this; The phase III rotary kiln with 5-7 rice/minute rotational speed.
(5) will send into the crude iron that carries out common process in the hot stove in ore deposit through the sintered material behind the abundant sintering of the above-mentioned technology of the present invention smelts.
Claims (3)
1. red soil nickel ore pellet sintering technology, it is characterized in that: its processing step is as follows:
(1) original ore powder material screen choosing: the raw ore powder is sieved by the mesh that diameter is equal to or less than below the 3mm; Can not carry out fragmentation again by the powder of screen cloth, until sieving;
Premix powders: the raw ore powder and reductive agent, neutralizing agent, the tackiness agent that sieve are mixed;
Make ball: will make ball through pelletizer through the premix powders that mixes of step (2);
To put into rotary kiln through the spherical mineral aggregate of making ball then and carry out sintering.
2. red soil nickel ore pellet sintering technology according to claim 1 is characterized in that:
(1) raw ore screening is sieved the raw ore powder by the mesh that diameter is equal to or less than below the 3mm; Can not carry out fragmentation again by the powder of screen cloth, until sieving, stand-by;
(2) Preblend, when the moisture in the raw ore powder greater than 12% the time, need utilize the waste heat of rotary kiln to dry, make the moisture of raw ore powder reach 10-12%, use then three casees mixers with following material according to following ratio of weight and number premix: the raw ore powder: granularity is less than the bituminous coal of 5mm: granularity is less than the calcium lime powder of 5mm: powdery organic binder bond=100:8-12: 8-12: 1-2 mixes;
(3) make ball, will make ball through pelletizer through the Preblend that mixes of step (2), the diameter of spheroid is 3-5cm, and the thickness of spheroid is 2-3.5cm;
(4) will put into rotary kiln through the pelletizing of making ball then and carry out the syllogic sintering:
Fs is a baking stage, utilizes the preliminary drying and shaping of rotary kiln waste heat, and pelletizing moisture is dropped to below 3%, drying time 20-25 minute; The fs rotary kiln does not rotate;
Subordinate phase is for continuing the intensification drying, progressively entering the sintering and reducing stage simultaneously, the pelletizing temperature approximately begins progressively to be warmed up to 800-850 ℃ from kiln body length 1/4th to 1/3rd more than 450 ℃ when entering the kiln body in sintering and reducing stage through the pelletizing of waste heat preliminary drying and shaping; The subordinate phase rotary kiln with 10-15 rice/minute rotational speed;
Phase III is the sintering and reducing stage, the 800-850 of rotary kiln ℃ high-temperature zone is located at 1/3rd places of kiln body length, the pelletizing spheroid is 25-35 minute in the time of high-temperature zone sintering and reducing, spheroid through 800-850 ℃ of sintering and reducing after 25 minutes reduction ratio meet or exceed 98%; Temperature during discharging is at 600-700 ℃; The phase III rotary kiln with 10-15 rice/minute rotational speed.
3. red soil nickel ore pellet sintering technology according to claim 2 is characterized in that:
(1) raw ore screening is sieved the raw ore powder by the mesh that diameter equals below the 3mm; Can not carry out fragmentation again by the powder of screen cloth, until sieving, stand-by;
(2) Preblend, moisture in the raw ore powder reaches 11 %, can directly adopt three casees mixers with following material according to following ratio of weight and number premix: the raw ore powder: granularity is less than the bituminous coal of 5mm: granularity is less than the calcium lime powder of 5mm: powdery organic binder bond=100:10: 10: 2, mix;
(3) make ball, will make ball through pelletizer through the Preblend that mixes of step (2), the diameter of spheroid is 3cm for the thickness of 4cm spheroid directly;
(4) will put into rotary kiln through the pelletizing of making ball then and carry out the syllogic sintering:
First section is baking stage, utilizes the preliminary drying and shaping of rotary kiln waste heat, and pelletizing moisture is dropped to below 3%, drying time 25-30 minute, does not rotate at the fs rotary kiln;
Subordinate phase is for progressively continue heating up dry and enter the sintering and reducing stage, after mineral aggregate enters the subordinate phase of rotary kiln, rotary kiln with 5-7 rice/minute rotational speed; The pelletizing temperature heats up dry and enters the sintering and reducing stage progressively continuing more than 450 ℃ when entering the kiln body in sintering and reducing stage;
Phase III is the sintering and reducing stage, the 800-850 of rotary kiln ℃ high-temperature zone is located at 1/3rd places of kiln body length, the pelletizing spheroid is 30 minutes in the time of high-temperature zone sintering and reducing, spheroid through 800-850 ℃ of sintering and reducing after 25 minutes reduction ratio meet or exceed 98%; Temperature during discharging is at 600-700 ℃; The phase III rotary kiln with 5-7 rice/minute rotational speed.
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| CN102719661A (en) * | 2012-06-20 | 2012-10-10 | 山西太钢不锈钢股份有限公司 | Manufacturing method of laterite nickel ore pellets |
| CN102758085A (en) * | 2012-07-17 | 2012-10-31 | 中国钢研科技集团有限公司 | Method for producing nickel-iron alloy by smelting red earth nickel mineral at low temperature |
| CN107937731A (en) * | 2017-12-04 | 2018-04-20 | 偏关县晋电化工有限责任公司 | A kind of lateritic nickel ore preprocess method and device |
| CN113249566A (en) * | 2021-03-03 | 2021-08-13 | 广西北港新材料有限公司 | Sintering system and method for limonite type laterite-nickel ore |
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| CN101935794A (en) * | 2010-10-11 | 2011-01-05 | 北京科技大学 | Method for producing ferro-nickel alloy by using nickel-bearing laterite in shaft furnace and smelting furnace |
| CN101942558A (en) * | 2010-09-10 | 2011-01-12 | 平安鑫海资源开发有限公司 | Method for drying and reducing low-grade laterite-nickel ore by using bituminous coal |
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| CN101279728A (en) * | 2008-05-28 | 2008-10-08 | 天津大学 | Method for preparing lithium iron phosphate cathode material by three-stage high-temperature solid phase calcination |
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN102719661A (en) * | 2012-06-20 | 2012-10-10 | 山西太钢不锈钢股份有限公司 | Manufacturing method of laterite nickel ore pellets |
| CN102758085A (en) * | 2012-07-17 | 2012-10-31 | 中国钢研科技集团有限公司 | Method for producing nickel-iron alloy by smelting red earth nickel mineral at low temperature |
| CN102758085B (en) * | 2012-07-17 | 2013-11-06 | 中国钢研科技集团有限公司 | Method for producing nickel-iron alloy by smelting red earth nickel mineral at low temperature |
| CN107937731A (en) * | 2017-12-04 | 2018-04-20 | 偏关县晋电化工有限责任公司 | A kind of lateritic nickel ore preprocess method and device |
| CN107937731B (en) * | 2017-12-04 | 2020-09-11 | 偏关县晋电化工有限责任公司 | Laterite-nickel ore pretreatment method and device |
| CN113249566A (en) * | 2021-03-03 | 2021-08-13 | 广西北港新材料有限公司 | Sintering system and method for limonite type laterite-nickel ore |
| CN113249566B (en) * | 2021-03-03 | 2023-02-07 | 广西北港新材料有限公司 | Sintering system and method for limonite type laterite-nickel ore |
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| CN102115817B (en) | 2012-11-28 |
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