CN102115344A - Two-phase integral anaerobic digestion process and equipment for treating biomass solid wastes - Google Patents

Two-phase integral anaerobic digestion process and equipment for treating biomass solid wastes Download PDF

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CN102115344A
CN102115344A CN2010105761763A CN201010576176A CN102115344A CN 102115344 A CN102115344 A CN 102115344A CN 2010105761763 A CN2010105761763 A CN 2010105761763A CN 201010576176 A CN201010576176 A CN 201010576176A CN 102115344 A CN102115344 A CN 102115344A
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solid waste
biomass solid
anaerobic digestion
digestion process
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CN102115344B (en
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左剑恶
陈晓洁
林甲
王凯军
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Tsinghua University
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
    • Y02A40/20—Fertilizers of biological origin, e.g. guano or fertilizers made from animal corpses
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse

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Abstract

本发明提供了一种用于处理生物质固体废弃物的两相一体化厌氧消化工艺，将固体废弃物放入水解酸化单元，温度范围32～38℃，pH值6.5～7.5，匀速搅拌，水解酸化单元产生的水解酸化液通过酸化液回流单元回流至产甲烷反应单元，本发明还提供了实现该工艺的设备，本发明能够使两相厌氧工艺系统的产酸相和产甲烷相微生物群在同一反应器的不同空间中发挥各自的降解作用，增强二者之间的互补协同作用、提高固液沉降分离性能、设备投资减少、节省工程占地、启动时间较短、运行稳定、易于控制。

Figure 201010576176

The present invention provides a two-phase integrated anaerobic digestion process for treating biomass solid waste. The solid waste is put into a hydrolysis acidification unit with a temperature range of 32-38°C, a pH value of 6.5-7.5, and uniform stirring. The hydrolysis and acidification liquid produced by the hydrolysis acidification unit is refluxed to the methanogenic reaction unit through the acidification liquid reflux unit, and the present invention also provides equipment for realizing the process, and the present invention can make the acid-producing phase and the methanogenic phase microorganisms Groups play their respective degradation functions in different spaces of the same reactor, enhance the complementary and synergistic effect between the two, improve the performance of solid-liquid sedimentation separation, reduce equipment investment, save engineering occupation, short start-up time, stable operation, and easy control.

Figure 201010576176

Description

A kind of two-phase integral anaerobic digestion process and equipment that is used to handle the biomass solid waste
Technical field
The invention belongs to the environmental improvement field, relate to a kind of high solid TPAD technology, relate in particular to a kind of two-phase integral anaerobic digestion process and equipment that is used to handle the biomass solid waste.
Background technology
Along with China's rapid development of economy, the generation of solid waste increases year by year.The biomass solid waste is a part bigger in the solid waste, the biomass solid waste is the human waste that production and consumption produces in utilizing the process of biomass, it still belongs to macroscopical category of biomass, but energy density, utilizability etc. all have significant reduction.Biomass waste can be divided into urban biomass refuse and agricultural wastes according to different sources.The urban biomass refuse mainly comprises household kitchen wastes, changing food waste, urban night soil and city sludge; Agricultural wastes are meant the organic class material that is dropped in whole agricultural production process, mainly comprise: the vegetable remains class waste that produces in the agricultural and forestry production process; The remaining waste of the animal class of herding, producing in the fish production process; Remaining waste of the processing class that produces in the agricultural course of processing and rural urbanization domestic refuse etc. on total amount and composition, mainly comprise agricultural crop straw and animal waste.The recycle of solid waste realizes the recycling economy development pattern for China, realizes that social sustainable development has important effect.Utilize the higher solid waste of anaerobic digestion techniques processing and utilizing biological degradability, not only can produce higher-grade biogas energy efficient, cleaning, produced simultaneously natural pond slag and natural pond liquid can also be to use wider resource technology in China directly as organic fertilizer.A difficult problem such as utilize that traditional anaerobically fermenting producing methane art breading solid waste exists that solid-liquid difficult separates, the acid inhibition and the ammonia of high solid content anaerobically fermenting suppress, the natural pond liquid after the fermentation and natural pond slag difficulty are put, and the conveying of solid materials, stirring difficulty, the hydrolysis rate of solid organic matters is low, is necessary at the material characteristic of solid waste traditional anaerobic treatment process further to be studied and improved.
Classify by the reaction number of phases, high solid anaerobic digestion technology can be divided into: single-phase anaerobic digestion and TPAD.Have during single-phase anaerobic digestion material conveying, stir poor, the material component complexity of hydrolysis rate solid-liquid sedimentation and separation property low, material of difficulty, solid organic matters, may produce problems such as inhibition intermediate product in the anaerobic digestion process.For the single-phase anaerobic digestion of high solid material, solid materials TPAD technology major advantage be the hydrolysis rate-limiting step is separated with methanation and optimization, optimize processing condition and difference in functionality flora growing environment, improve produce methane mutually the methanogenesis activity of mud improve the raw material gas producing efficiency, improve the stability and the treatment effect of entire treatment system.TPAD technology also exists unstable, the floor space between processing efficiency, solid substrate type and the type of reactor of the syntrophism relation broken between the certain micro-organisms population, regulation and control complex effects reactor big, invests shortcomings such as relatively large.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome above-mentioned the deficiencies in the prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of two-phase integral anaerobic digestion process that is used to handle the biomass solid waste, the product acid that can make the diphasic anaerobic technique system mutually and product methane mutually micropopulation in the different spaces of same reactor, bring into play separately Degradation, possessed the advantage that traditional high solid TPAD is separated, overcome simultaneously its shortcoming again, realizing that two are separated, eliminate on the basis of restrictive function between the two, strengthen the complementation synergy between the two, improve the solid-liquid sedimentation and separation property, facility investment reduces, save project occupation of land, start time is shorter, stable, be easy to control.
To achieve these goals, the technical solution used in the present invention is:
A kind of two-phase integral anaerobic digestion process that is used to handle the biomass solid waste, solid waste is put into the acidication unit, 32～38 ℃ of temperature ranges, pH value 6.5～7.5, at the uniform velocity stir, the acidication liquid that the acidication unit produces is back to by the acidizing fluid reflux unit and produces the methane reaction unit, described acidication unit is second closed reactor that fluid hole is arranged, described product methane reaction unit is first sealed reactor that production well is arranged, second closed reactor is positioned at the first closed reactor inner and upper, the liquid outlet of second closed reactor is downward, the bottom inoculation anaerobic grain sludge of first sealed reactor.
The present invention also provides a kind of equipment of realizing this technology, comprise tank body 15, leave air outlet 1 on the top cover 2 of tank body 15, acidication reaction cylinder 3 is arranged above tank body 15 inside, acidication reaction cylinder 3 is the round shape of closed at both ends, drum perforations 4 is arranged on its barrel, acidication reaction cylinder 3 is along turning axle 6 is arranged on the central shaft of tube length direction, the two ends of turning axle 6 are installed on the sidewall of tank body 15, by motor 8 controls, in tank body 15 inside, the below of acidication reaction cylinder 3, be provided with backflow header 10, backflow header 10 connects return line 11, and return line 11 is positioned at the outside of tank body 15, and it is provided with reflux pump 12, the other end of return line 11 connects backflow water distributor 14, and backflow water distributor 14 is positioned at the pot bottom of tank body 15.
Prior art is compared, and the invention has the advantages that:
1) the present invention is realizing that by the optimization of internal structure two are separated, eliminate on the basis of restrictive function between the two, strengthen complementation, synergy between the two, both realized the biphase separation at same reactor, realize uniting two into one of reactor again, reduced floor space.
2) the present invention utilizes cylinder to stir and mixes common digestion material and realized solid-liquid separation, improved material solid-liquid sedimentation and separation property, overcome and stirred the problem that difficulty influences mass-transfer efficiency in the traditional technology, solved the problem that traditional anaerobic digestion process easily produces scum silica frost, can increase the contact area of solid materials and Digestive system, promote the acidication of material.
3) return line is back to the acidication liquid that produces in the cylinder and produces the methane phase, has solved acidication and has produced the acid accumulation problem mutually, provides enough organic acids mutually for producing methane again.
4) reactor start-up is fast, can put into production at once, and methane content is higher in the gas of stable back.The structure of reactor compactness is convenient to installation and maintenance, and floor space is little.
5) whole anaerobic fermentation process carries out in airtight retort, and behind the material reaction one-period, without any processing, its solid content is higher in the acidication phase cylinder, and reacting rear material can carry out subsequent disposal modes such as compost.The residuum that produces the methane phase is less, solved the big problem of traditional anaerobic treatment water loss, realize that natural pond liquid concentrates, reduce the quantity discharged of natural pond liquid, alleviate the subsequent disposal load of biogas engineering greatly, thereby realized solid waste minimizing, resource utilization, had higher environmental benefit and ecological benefits.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the present invention with equipment.
Fig. 2 is the side-view of the present invention with equipment.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples the present invention is described in further details.
A kind of equipment that is used to handle the two-phase integral anaerobic digestion process of biomass solid waste, comprise tank body 15, leave air outlet 1 on the top cover 2 of tank body 15, acidication reaction cylinder 3 is arranged above tank body 15 inside, acidication reaction cylinder 3 is the round shape of closed at both ends, drum perforations 4 is arranged on its barrel, acidication reaction cylinder 3 is along turning axle 6 is arranged on the central shaft of tube length direction, the two ends of turning axle 6 are installed on the sidewall of tank body 15, by motor 8 controls, in tank body 15 inside, the below of acidication reaction cylinder 3, be provided with backflow header 10, backflow header 10 connects return line 11, and return line 11 is positioned at the outside of tank body 15, and it is provided with reflux pump 12, the other end of return line 11 connects backflow water distributor 14, and backflow water distributor 14 is positioned at the pot bottom of tank body 15.
In aforesaid device, acidication reaction cylinder 3 is the acidication reaction member, and other space constitutes product methane reaction unit in the tank body 15, and backflow header 10, return line 11 constitute the acidizing fluid reflux unit with backflow water distributor 14.
The biomass solid waste that will handle carries out preliminary sorting, remove wherein the solid inorganic thing and the hardly degraded organic substance of greater particle size, carry out fragmentation then, the biomass solid waste that fragmentation is the good acidication reaction cylinder 3 of packing into, for guaranteeing good acidizing effect, the biomass solid waste that adds is piled up and is reached acidication reaction cylinder 3 volumetrical 85%, temperature is controlled at 32～38 ℃, the pH value is controlled at 6.5～7.5, control motor 8 makes 3 uniform rotation of acidication reaction cylinder, rotating speed can be set to 5～30rap/min, backflow header 10 is positioned at tank body 15 inside, the below of acidication reaction cylinder 3, when acidication reaction cylinder 3 rotates, the acidication liquid that acidication produces flows out from drum perforations 4, enter backflow header 10, flow to backflow water distributor 14 from backflow header 10 via return line 11 again, and finally enter into and produce the methane reaction unit, the jar end inoculation anaerobic grain sludge of tank body 15, can choose the granule sludge of the UASB of sewage work reactor, after then acidication liquid enters and irritates the end, produce methane gas, the air outlet 1 of opening on the top cover 2 of gas by tank body 15 that produces collects, backflow header 10, the reflux unit that return line 11 and backflow water distributor 14 constitute, can prevent that acidication from producing the acid accumulation problem mutually, can be product methane again enough organic acids are provided mutually, and produce the current of rising mutually producing methane, the mixing that promotes methanogen and substrate with contact
Wherein,, reflux pump 12 is set, simultaneously, interchanger 13 is set also, be used for making the acidication liquid in the tank body 15 to keep optimal reaction temperature at return line 11 for quickening acidication liquid flowing from backflow header 10 to backflow water distributor 14.
The inside of acidication reaction cylinder 3 can be provided with evenly spaced internal partition 5, water receiving is separated the inwall and the turning axle 6 of acidification reaction cylinder 3 in the internal partition 5, react the tube end of cylinder 3 simultaneously perpendicular to acidication, utilize 5 pairs of cylinder inside of internal partition to separate, make material uniform distribution in cylinder, help the mixing of material to stir, and can make cylinder stressed even in rotation process, increase the work-ing life of equipment.
For monitoring the reaction environment of tank interior better, on the tank skin between backflow header 10 and the backflow water distributor 14, also be provided with thief hatch 7 and temp probe 9, thief hatch 7 ends are controlled with valve, its effect is to realize taking a sample from reactor, measure index of correlation and understand inside reactor running condition, temp probe 9 is used for monitoring the temperature of internal-response.
When acidication reaction cylinder 3 charging first after 3 to 5 days, the VFA concentration of acidication reaction cylinder 3 inside descends greatly, can select to continue charging at this moment.
Through test of many times, the biomass solid reactant that adds among the embodiment is chosen urban night soil, domestic waste, agricultural stalk and fowl and animal excrement etc. respectively, and degradation speed is fast, and the gas producing efficiency height has all been obtained good treatment effect.
The invention enables hydrolysis produce acid mutually and product methane mutually micropopulation in the different spaces of same reactor, bring into play separately Degradation, the phase mutual interference is little.Need not add water in the reaction process and regulate the water ratio of material, thoroughly solve the big problem of traditional anaerobic treatment water loss, realize that natural pond liquid concentrates, and reduces the quantity discharged of natural pond liquid, alleviate the subsequent disposal load of biogas engineering greatly, realize the quick degraded and efficient aerogenesis of organic waste.

Claims (8)

1.一种用于处理生物质固体废弃物的两相一体化厌氧消化工艺，其特征在于，将生物质固体废弃物放入水解酸化单元，温度范围32～38℃，pH值6.5～7.5，匀速搅拌，水解酸化单元产生的水解酸化液通过酸化液回流单元回流至产甲烷反应单元，所述水解酸化单元为有出液孔的第二密闭反应器，所述产甲烷反应单元为有出气孔的第一密封反应器，第二密闭反应器位于第一密闭反应器内部上方，第二密闭反应器的出液口向下，第一密封反应器的底部接种厌氧颗粒污泥。1. A two-phase integrated anaerobic digestion process for processing biomass solid waste, characterized in that, the biomass solid waste is put into a hydrolysis acidification unit, the temperature range is 32-38 ° C, and the pH value is 6.5-7.5 , stirring at a constant speed, the hydrolysis and acidification solution produced by the hydrolysis and acidification unit is refluxed to the methanogenic reaction unit through the acidification solution reflux unit, the hydrolysis and acidification unit is a second closed reactor with a liquid outlet, and the methanation reaction unit is a The first airtight reactor is the air hole, the second airtight reactor is located above the inside of the first airtight reactor, the liquid outlet of the second airtight reactor is downward, and the bottom of the first airtight reactor is inoculated with anaerobic granular sludge. 2.根据权利要求1所述的一种用于处理生物质固体废弃物的两相一体化厌氧消化工艺，其特征在于，所述厌氧颗粒污泥为污水处理厂UASB反应器的颗粒污泥。2. a kind of two-phase integrated anaerobic digestion process for processing biomass solid waste according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described anaerobic granular sludge is the granular sewage of sewage treatment plant UASB reactor mud. 3.根据权利要求1所述的一种用于处理生物质固体废弃物的两相一体化厌氧消化工艺，其特征在于，所述水解酸化单元加入的生物质固体废弃物的量为其容积的85％。3. a kind of two-phase integrated anaerobic digestion process for processing biomass solid waste according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the amount of the biomass solid waste that described hydrolysis acidification unit adds is its volume 85% of. 4.一种实现权利要求1所述的处理生物质固体废弃物的两相一体化厌氧消化工艺的设备，其特征在于，包括罐体(15)，罐体(15)的顶盖(2)上留有出气口(1)，在罐体(15)内部的上方有水解酸化反应滚筒(3)，水解酸化反应滚筒(3)为两端封闭的圆筒形，其筒壁上有滚筒穿孔(4)，水解酸化反应滚筒(3)沿筒长方向的中心轴上有旋转轴(6)，旋转轴(6)的两端安装在罐体(15)的侧壁上，由电机(8)控制，在罐体(15)内部，水解酸化反应滚筒(3)的下方设置有回流集水管(10)，回流集水管(10)连接回流管(11)，回流管(11)位于罐体(15)的外部，其上设置有回流泵(12)，回流管(11)的另一端连接回流布水管(14)，回流布水管(14)位于罐体(15)的罐底部。4. A kind of equipment that realizes the two-phase integrated anaerobic digestion process of processing biomass solid waste described in claim 1, is characterized in that, comprises tank body (15), the top cover (2 of tank body (15) ) is left with an air outlet (1), and there is a hydrolytic acidification reaction drum (3) above the inside of the tank body (15). Perforation (4), hydrolysis acidification reaction drum (3) has rotating shaft (6) on the central axis along tube length direction, and the two ends of rotating shaft (6) are installed on the side wall of tank body (15), driven by motor ( 8) Control, inside the tank body (15), a return water collection pipe (10) is provided under the hydrolytic acidification reaction drum (3), the return water collection pipe (10) is connected to the return pipe (11), and the return pipe (11) is located in the tank The outside of the body (15), on which a return pump (12) is provided, the other end of the return pipe (11) is connected to the return distribution pipe (14), and the return distribution pipe (14) is positioned at the tank bottom of the tank body (15). 5.根据权利要求4所述的一种处理生物质固体废弃物的两相一体化厌氧消化工艺的设备，其特征在于，水解酸化反应滚筒(3)的内部设置有均匀间隔的内隔板(5)，内隔板(5)内接水解酸化反应滚筒(3)的内壁和旋转轴(6)，同时垂直于水解酸化反应滚筒(3)的筒底。5. The equipment for a two-phase integrated anaerobic digestion process for treating biomass solid waste according to claim 4, characterized in that, the inside of the hydrolytic acidification reaction drum (3) is provided with evenly spaced inner partitions (5), the inner partition (5) connects the inner wall of the hydrolytic acidification reaction drum (3) and the rotating shaft (6), and is perpendicular to the cylinder bottom of the hydrolysis acidification reaction drum (3). 6.根据权利要求4所述的一种处理生物质固体废弃物的两相一体化厌氧消化工艺的设备，其特征在于，回流管(11)上设置有换热器(13)。6. The equipment for a two-phase integrated anaerobic digestion process for treating biomass solid waste according to claim 4, characterized in that a heat exchanger (13) is arranged on the return pipe (11). 7.根据权利要求4所述的一种处理生物质固体废弃物的两相一体化厌氧消化工艺的设备，其特征在于，罐体(15)上还设置有采样口(7)，采样口(7)位于回流集水管(10)和回流布水管(14)之间的罐壁上。7. the equipment of a kind of two-phase integrated anaerobic digestion process for processing biomass solid waste according to claim 4, is characterized in that, the tank body (15) is also provided with a sampling port (7), the sampling port (7) be located on the tank wall between the backflow collecting pipe (10) and the backflow distribution pipe (14). 8.根据权利要求4所述的一种处理生物质固体废弃物的两相一体化厌氧消化工艺的设备，其特征在于，罐体(15)上还设置有温度探头(9)，温度探头(9)位于回流集水管(10)和回流布水管(14)之间的罐壁上。8. The equipment of a two-phase integrated anaerobic digestion process for processing biomass solid waste according to claim 4, characterized in that, the tank body (15) is also provided with a temperature probe (9), and the temperature probe (9) be located on the tank wall between the backflow collecting pipe (10) and the backflow distribution pipe (14).
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CN102603140A (en) * 2012-03-19 2012-07-25 同济大学 Process for conducting two-phase anaerobic digestion on sludge by reflux and heating reinforcement
CN102603142A (en) * 2012-03-19 2012-07-25 同济大学 Method for producing biogas by aid of intensified anaerobic fermentation of pretreated circular backflow sludge
CN102839117A (en) * 2012-09-25 2012-12-26 嘉兴职业技术学院 Hydraulic pressure type two-phase temperature-control methane generating experimental device
CN103173348A (en) * 2011-12-22 2013-06-26 新奥科技发展有限公司 Two-phase integrated dry-type anaerobic digestion reactor and treatment method thereof
CN103555571A (en) * 2013-10-16 2014-02-05 中国科学技术大学苏州研究院 High-speed economical municipal organic solid waste treatment system and operation method thereof
WO2014062137A1 (en) * 2012-10-18 2014-04-24 Nanyang Technological University A method for the in-situ thermal-alkaline treatment of organic waste to enhance anaerobic solids degradation and biogas generation
CN104651219A (en) * 2015-02-05 2015-05-27 中国科学院广州能源研究所 Device and method for preparing biological gas and liquid organic fertilizer from fruit and vegetable wastes of collecting and distributing center
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CN106929410A (en) * 2017-04-05 2017-07-07 华南理工大学 A kind of cities and towns solid waste reactor for producing acid phase with diphasic anaerobic digestion
CN108841580A (en) * 2018-07-27 2018-11-20 中国农业大学 A kind of production producing hydrogen and methane reactor handling solid waste
CN112680338A (en) * 2021-01-25 2021-04-20 塔里木大学 Inoculation and sampling device for walnut endophytic bacterium HB1310 fermented cotton stalk hydrolyzed sugar liquid oil production fermentation broth
CN112850886A (en) * 2020-12-30 2021-05-28 南京大学 Organic wastewater blocking anaerobic treatment method
CN113849776A (en) * 2021-11-19 2021-12-28 中译语通科技（青岛）有限公司 Optimization method for anaerobic process for kitchen waste treatment

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