CN102112850A - Combined measurement instrument for flow field pressure and velocity and method thereof - Google Patents
Combined measurement instrument for flow field pressure and velocity and method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN102112850A CN102112850A CN2010800015613A CN201080001561A CN102112850A CN 102112850 A CN102112850 A CN 102112850A CN 2010800015613 A CN2010800015613 A CN 2010800015613A CN 201080001561 A CN201080001561 A CN 201080001561A CN 102112850 A CN102112850 A CN 102112850A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M9/00—Aerodynamic testing; Arrangements in or on wind tunnels
- G01M9/06—Measuring arrangements specially adapted for aerodynamic testing
- G01M9/065—Measuring arrangements specially adapted for aerodynamic testing dealing with flow
- G01M9/067—Measuring arrangements specially adapted for aerodynamic testing dealing with flow visualisation
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
- G01P13/00—Indicating or recording presence, absence, or direction, of movement
- G01P13/02—Indicating direction only, e.g. by weather vane
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
- G01P5/00—Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air stream; Measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft
- G01P5/001—Full-field flow measurement, e.g. determining flow velocity and direction in a whole region at the same time, flow visualisation
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
- G01P5/00—Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air stream; Measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft
- G01P5/10—Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air stream; Measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft by measuring thermal variables
- G01P5/12—Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air stream; Measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft by measuring thermal variables using variation of resistance of a heated conductor
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
- G01P5/00—Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air stream; Measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft
- G01P5/14—Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air stream; Measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft by measuring differences of pressure in the fluid
- G01P5/16—Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air stream; Measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft by measuring differences of pressure in the fluid using Pitot tubes, e.g. Machmeter
Abstract
The invention relates to the field of flow field pressure and velocity measurement, especially to a combined measurement instrument and method for measuring pressure and three-dimensions transient velocity of the flow field by using a multi-hole pressure probe and a one-dimension hot-wire anemometer in the flow field. The multi-hole pressure probe can be three-hole, five-hole or seven-hole, end of the multi-hole pressure probe is tapered with an angle of 30 DEG, and tail of the multi-hole pressure probe is connected with a pressure sensor which has the same hole number with the multi-hole pressure probe. The one-dimension hot-wire anemometer comprises a one-dimension hot-wire anemometer probe, and a bridge matched with the one-dimension hot-wire anemometer probe, a A/D converter, a signal amplifier and a data acquisition system. The instrument is composed of a five-freedom bracket with three translational freedoms and two rotational freedoms, a multi-hole pressure probe and a one-dimension hot-wire anemometer probe fixed in the rotational freedom of the five-freedom bracket. And the combined measurement method comprises the steps of: demarcating the multi-hole pressure probe and the one-dimension hot-wire anemometer probe; measuring the pressure and flow direction of each measuring point in the flow field by using the multi-hole pressure probe; and measuring the transient velocity along the local flow direction at each measuring point by using the one-dimension hot-wire anemometer probe, thereby obtaining the pressure and the three-dimensions transient velocity of the whole flow field.
Description
The measurement in a closed series tool and method of fluid field pressure and speed
1. technical field
The present invention relates to the parameter measurement field of fluid.The apparatus and method for measuring the pressure and Three dimensional transient speed in flow field using porous pressure probe and one-dimensional hot-wire anemometer specifically in flow field, include design, scaling method and the operation sequence of the operational version of pressure probe and hot-wire anemometer.
2. background technology
As electronics, optical technology are continued to develop, the measuring method of fluid parameter has had a tremendous improvement, such as hot-wire anemometer, LDV, and the technology such as Particle-beam Tracing instrument, which has had in the measurement of fluid velocity, to be widely applied.But above-mentioned fluid measurement instrument generally requires larger manufacturing cost, Doppler range rate measurement and trace particle, which test the speed, is required for trace particle.It is limited in except measurement range in small-sized region, it is also contemplated that trace particle follows sex chromosome mosaicism.
Many occasions, especially for the measurement of fluid average flow velocity, porous pressure probe, due to the characteristics of simple, use cost is low is fabricated, being still widely used.Porous pressure probe（Including three holes, five holes, seven apertures in the human head）General principle for the measurement of three dimensional velocity vectors is that the pressure differential measured from different holes can be determined that fluid-flow rate size and Orientation.Pressure probe needs the pressure wave of measurement terminals being transferred to pressure sensor by air duct, and the damping of air can make the high-frequency signal in transmitting procedure disappear, thus porous pressure probe can only obtain the average speed signal of low frequency.In the case that angle between pressure probe and flow direction is excessive, fluid produces flow separation phenomenon on probe, causes measurement to fail.Such situation often occurs for three holes and five holes probe.By contrast, seven apertures in the human head pressure probe has higher application value.Six pitot apertures can be evenly distributed in around the baroport at center, and take partitioning strategies, you can prevent flow separation, and the flowing angle for making measurement larger is relatively reliable.In addition, using the heater members in the measuring circuit needed for pressure probe are few, data processing method is simpler.
Hot-wire anemometer, including hot line probe and measuring circuit, are a kind of common tools of fluid transient tachometric survey.It is when flowing through hot line using fluid, hot line is produced thermal loss, so as to cause the principle of the resistance variations of measuring circuit to judge flowing velocity.Particularly there is the characteristics of response is fast, accuracy is high, thus be commonly used for instantaneous velocity measurement.The measurement of usual three-dimensional flow field needs to use three-dimensional hot-wire anemometer, and three-dimensional hot line probe cost of manufacture is expensive, hot line damage also easily occurs in practical application.The demarcation of particularly three-dimensional hot line is sufficiently complex, time-consuming.If measured applied to big flowing angle, more measurement points and speed operating mode must be demarcated, cause the nominal time long, are drawn
The overheat and drift phenomenon of measuring electronic instrument are played, instrument is not continuing with.However, hot-wire anemometer is still maximally effective instantaneous flow rate survey tool, particularly measures the one-dimensional hot-wire anemometer of One-Dimensional flows speed, simple in construction, low manufacture cost, general cost is only the 1% of three-dimensional hot-wire anemometer, so as to be used widely.
3. the content of the invention
The present invention is designed a set of pressure and the measurement in a closed series tool and method of speed for fluid, is both that porous pressure probe and one-dimensional hot line probe incorporated get up to measure flow of fluid using the respective advantage of porous pressure probe and hot-wire anemometer（Including big flowing angle）When pressure and instantaneous velocity involved by device, calibration process, operating process.
To complete measurement, it is necessary first to a five degree of freedom support driven by stepper motors.It should also have two rotation directions in the one end for installing measuring probe, can produce rotational freedom except being moved according to cartesian coordinate direction
° and.Shown in the schematic diagram for two rotational freedoms generation that one end of measuring probe is installed on such as Fig. 1, five degree of freedom support.Wherein, measuring probe 1 refers to, in the porous pressure probe of thin rod shape or one-dimensional hot line wind probe, being separately mounted on the rotational freedom of five degree of freedom support in the different phase of measurement.The angle of rotational freedom generation is show also in figure in cartesian coordinate system（X, y, z) under metric relation.Label 2 in Fig. 1 refers to the measurement point of the measurement end, i.e. flow field of probe.Fig. 2 is the layout of survey tool when in use.Five degree of freedom support 1 is placed in the downstream position of direction of flow 3.Direction of flow is traditionally arranged to be horizontal direction.Translational degree of freedom 6,7,8 is moved along x, z, y direction under cartesian coordinate system respectively under three driving stepper motors.In one end of the close direction of flow of support in X direction, support produces rotational freedom 2,5, is stepper motor driven by another two.
The purpose of the present invention is, using porous pressure probe and the respective advantage of one-dimensional hot line probe, to combine and use, the three-dimensional hot-wire anemometer conventional instead of measuring Three dimensional transient flow velocity.Core technology is the flow that flow field is measured using measuring probe.Fig. 3 is measuring method flow chart.Show in figure, the invention is the flow direction that whole measurement points are first obtained with porous pressure probe, then carries out second in these measurement points with one-dimensional hot line probe and measures, be this time streamwise measurement instantaneous velocity.Demarcation is carried out in one-dimensional wind-tunnel.Measurement process is specifically divided into four steps.
The measurement first step starts from the demarcation of pressure probe.For each demarcation angle, step is：
1. according to given demarcation angle, with the rotational freedom positioning probe direction of five degree of freedom support；
2. the pressure in the multiple holes of measurement, obtains pressure coefficient；
3. whether detection measurement end flowing separates.
Measurement second step is the demarcation of one-dimensional hot-wire anemometer.Hot line is popped one's head in along fluid direction of flow（Direction of flow in wind-tunnel, generally horizontal direction）Place.
It is the flowing angle that measurement point is obtained with pressure probe to measure the 3rd step.Step is：
1. pressure probe is adjusted to direction of flow（Generally horizontal direction）；
2. in measurement point measured pressure value, obtain pressure coefficient；
3. pressure probe subregion is selected；
4. flowing angle interpolation from calibration value is obtained；
5. record the space coordinate and flowing angle of measurement point.
It is to replace pressure probe with hot line probe to measure the 4th step, carries out instantaneous velocity measurement.Step is：
1. driving five degree of freedom support according to the space coordinate and flowing angle of measurement point, hot line probe is set to be positioned in measurement point along local flow direction；
2. local one dimensional transient tachometric survey.
4. brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 rotary freedom schematic diagrames
Fig. 2 survey tool layouts
Number and represent wherein in figure：
The rotational freedom of 1, five degree of freedom support 2.《;3. direction of flow；4. porous pressure probe or hot line probe;
5. rotational freedom yT;6. translational degree of freedom is in X direction；7. translational degree of freedom is in the z-direction；
8. translational degree of freedom is in the y-direction；
Fig. 3 measuring method flow charts
The schematic diagram of the measurement end of Fig. 4 seven apertures in the human head pressure probes
Fig. 5 measurement scheme figures
6. embodiment
Below in conjunction with Figure of description and examples of implementation, the present invention will be further described.The examples of implementation are the pressure Three dimensional transient speed for measuring object flow field in horizontal wind-tunnel with pressure proposed by the present invention and the measurement in a closed series tool and method of speed.
Measurement apparatus arranges that device is integrally placed on the downstream of flowing as shown in Figure 2.Five degree of freedom support has three translational degree of freedom and two rotational freedoms.The motion of the free degree is that five stepper motors controlled by computer, on five degree of freedom support are completed.The pressure probe used is the seven apertures in the human head pressure probe in thin rod shape.Probe end
In 30 degree of taper, taper volume is less than a diameter of 3. 5mm spheroid.From the schematic diagram of the measurement end of seven apertures in the human head pressure probe（Partitioning strategies can be illustrated in Fig. 4).On middle hole marked as 7, the hole of surrounding is from 1 to 6.Seven holes are divided into six areas, there are four holes, e.g., 7-4-3-5 in each area； 7-3-2-4； 7-2-1-3； 7-1-2-6； 7-6-1-5； 7-5-4-6.As long as there is the attachment of fluid in some area, measure as effective.Compare three holes and five holes probe, each hole in effective district, there must be the attachment of fluid.Thus, seven apertures in the human head pressure probe further increases the scope of measurement angle.There are seven tubules to be connected with the afterbody of seven apertures in the human head pressure probe, stretching out the pressure sensor equal with hole count from wind-tunnel wall is connected, then is connected with signal amplifier, data collecting system.Hot-wire anemometer refers to one-dimensional hot line probe, is connected by electrical wiring to measuring circuit, including electric bridge, analog-digital converter, signal amplifier and data collecting system.Wherein electric bridge and analog-digital converter are easy heats, but relative to the measuring circuit of three-dimensional hot-wire anemometer, the measuring circuit of one-dimensional hot-wire anemometer is simple, and caloric value is small, and instrument will not also produce drift phenomenon.Fig. 5 provides the example measurement scheme figure.Show porous pressure probe and one-dimensional hot line probe connection pressure sensor and analog-digital converter respectively in figure, and amplifying circuit, pass through data collecting system again, pass through data acquisition board, the data analysis and process unit input a signal into the microprocessor of computer, then the stepper motor on microprocessor driven five degree of freedom support, positioning probe position and angle, complete measurement in a closed series.During measurement, the static pressure to of wind-tunnel can be obtained from the baroport on wall, and stagnation pressure ptot is determined by wind-tunnel inlet condition.Wind-tunnel produces horizontal one-dimensional to flow, and flow velocity can be adjusted from subsonic speed to supersonic speed, under different wind speed, and the stagnation pressure of wind-tunnel is constant, dynamic pressure change.
The measurement process first step is the demarcation of seven apertures in the human head pressure probe.Adjust the rotational freedom of seven apertures in the human head pressure probe in a fixing point with five degree of freedom support in wind-tunnel《° and, allow the flowing angle of demarcation from -50 ° to 50 °, at intervals of 5 °, altogether about 400 need demarcate angles.For it is each with it is different (《) represent, angle needing demarcation, 14 coefficients are correspond to, they are seven pressure values obtained from seven apertures in the human head pressure probe by calculated.They are that radial pressure coefficient C and tangential pressure coefficient are expressed as
The subscript of variable represents the label in hole in formula, is also area code, i=l, and (seven holes are divided into six areas to 2,6）.If i=l, jl=6;J2=2, if i=6, jl=5;J2=l, when equal to other, then jl=i+l；J2=i ~ h is directed to the flow direction of low-angle（Flow angle is less than 30 °) situation, fluid is adhering completely on probe, and radial pressure coefficient and tangential pressure coefficient can be tried to achieve with following formula,
Cpr7=Cpta+Cptb),
Wherein
Cpta =
The stagnation pressure and static pressure of not related to speed of incoming flow wind-tunnel in the formula for ask for pressure coefficient are can be seen that from this process, thus, the demarcation of flowing angle is unrelated with speed of incoming flow, without considering other speed operating modes.If time-consuming 20 seconds in each demarcation angle, 400 angle calibrations of gamut are needed 2. 2 hours altogether.Demarcation terminate after, formed nominal data, each of which demarcation angle all with its in each subregion pressure coefficient formation one-to-one relationship.If the new pressure coefficient arrived in a certain unknown angular surveying, the angle value can be obtained by carrying out the method for two-dimensional interpolation in the pressure coefficient data of demarcation.
The second step of measurement is the demarcation that one-dimensional hot line probe is carried out in wind-tunnel.This process is to carry out rate calibration, and scaling method is known.During demarcation, placed in the probe of thin rod shape along direction of flow.It is this polyvinyl chloride, simple.According to 20 speed working condition calibrations, each operating mode is needed 20 seconds, and about 7 minutes are needed altogether.Calibration process, that is, measure the first step and second step, altogether no more than 3 hours.
3rd step of measurement is the acquisition of measurement point flow direction.Seven apertures in the human head pressure probe is adjusted consistent to being positioned along wind-tunnel flow direction with five degree of freedom support, i.e.,《° = 0, ° = 0.Seven pressure values are obtained in each measurement point.By seven pressure ratios compared with the hole of maximum pressure determines subregion selection.There are four pressure coefficients in every area.By A and the other three pressure ratio compared with if difference is less than the threshold value of setting, meaning flow separation, measurement angle exceeds calibration range.
In the case of normal, angle interpolation is carried out using the pressure coefficient and the pressure coefficient data of demarcation that measure in measurement point, the flow direction of acquisition measurement point, i.e., the measurement point obtained with interpolation (《 ,yT ).By the locus of measurement point, flowing angle and pressure coefficient with the data analysis and process unit record in Fig. 5 into file.
It is with one-dimensional hot line probe measurement instantaneous velocity to measure the 4th step.Controlled by the microprocessor of computer, find the point according to the locus of record with five degree of freedom support in each measurement point, reposition hot line probe, carry out second and measure.Measurement point by five degree of freedom support under the driving of stepper motor, adjust hot line head angle, until along the direction of flow of fluid, i.e., known to (《), local One-Dimensional flows are processed into, then instantaneous measurement is carried out, local Transient Flow speed is obtained, is easy to try to achieve instantaneous velocity three-dimensional component below
u - Γ cos a cos β； ν = F sin a； w = -Γ cos a sin β0
By such measurement process, the pressure and Three dimensional transient velocity field in flow field are able to that acquisition is applied in combination by porous pressure probe and one-dimensional hot line probe.Each measurement point of specifically stream field is measured twice, obtains flow field flow direction with porous pressure probe for the first time, obtains flow field instantaneous velocity with one-dimensional hot line probe for the second time.Total time of measuring does not rise appreciably, because pressure probe compares three-dimensional hot line with the measurement used time of one-dimensional hot line and to lack many respectively.Although needing the locus of positioning probe twice, this process is that the five degree of freedom support controlled by computer is completed.Positioning is needed also exist for when using three-dimensional hot-wire anemometer, thus the spatial accuracy of the method positioned twice is unaffected.If this examples of implementation uses three-dimensional hot-wire anemometer, according to identical angle calibration scope, the nominal time of each angle and speed working condition calibration scope, i.e., by 400 demarcation angles, each demarcation angle is needed 20 seconds, 20 speed operating modes are calculated, and the only nominal time is accomplished by：20 seconds x20x400=44 hour.And the use of the present invention makes measurement process simple, quick, it is as previously mentioned, the nominal time is no more than 3 hours, saves for 90% time.Especially for the measurement of big flowing angle, greatly shorten and simplify hot line nominal time and process, the error for reducing the long-time overheat of measuring instrument and bringing makes measurement result more reliable.The cost of manufacture of porous pressure probe is about the 10% of one-dimensional hot line probe, and the cost of manufacture of one-dimensional hot line probe is about the 1% of three-dimensional hot line probe.Demarcation and measurement of the five degree of freedom support proposed by the present invention to three-dimensional hot line are also necessary, the method that the Three dimensional transient thus replaced with a porous pressure probe and an one-dimensional hot-wire anemometer measures commonly used three-dimensional hot-wire anemometer, reduces manufacturing cost more than 95%.Because one-dimensional hot line probe is all, in the downstream of streamwise, thus at utmost to reduce the interference of probe stream field in demarcation and measurement.It is if supersonic flow field, then noiseless.This invention is carried simultaneously
Claims (1)
- The measurement in a closed series instrument of a kind of fluid field pressure of claim and speed, it is characterized in that, had by one by the five degree of freedom support of three translational degree of freedom, two rotational freedom functions, and the porous pressure probe and the probe of an one-dimensional hot-wire anemometer on the rotational freedom of five degree of freedom support are constituted.A kind of fluid field pressure according to claim 1 and the porous pressure probe in the measurement in a closed series instrument of speed are three holes, five holes, or seven apertures in the human head, overall probe is in thin rod shape, and end is in 30 degree of taper, the equal pressure sensor of afterbody connection hole count.A kind of fluid field pressure according to claim 1 and the hot-wire anemometer in the measurement in a closed series instrument of speed include an one-dimensional hot line in thin rod shape and popped one's head in, and its matched electric bridge, analog-digital converter, signal amplifier, data collecting system.A kind of combination measurement method of fluid field pressure and speed, it is characterized in that, measurement comprises the following steps, the demarcation of porous pressure probe is carried out first, then the demarcation of one-dimensional hot line probe is carried out, the pressure of each measurement point and Three-dimensional Flow direction in flow field are measured with porous pressure probe again, the instantaneous velocity measured along the flow direction of each measurement point in flow field of finally being popped one's head in one-dimensional hot line.The combination measurement method of a kind of fluid field pressure and speed according to claim 4, it is characterized in that, during with one-dimensional hot line probe measurement instantaneous flow rate, one-dimensional hot line probe is completed by five degree of freedom support along the positioning on measurement point flow direction.The combination measurement method of a kind of fluid field pressure and speed according to claim 4, it is characterized in that, when demarcating one-dimensional hot line probe, one-dimensional hot line probe is that streamwise is placed.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN2009200986621U CN201662459U (en) | 2009-09-07 | 2009-09-07 | Combined measuring tool for flow field pressure and speed |
| PCT/CN2010/076654 WO2011026445A1 (en) | 2009-09-07 | 2010-09-06 | Combined measurement instrument for flowfield pressure and velocity and method thereof |
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| CN2010800015613A Pending CN102112850A (en) | 2009-09-07 | 2010-09-06 | Combined measurement instrument for flow field pressure and velocity and method thereof |
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| WO2014036701A1 (en) * | 2012-09-06 | 2014-03-13 | Lu Ming | Tool for measuring pressure and speed of rotational flow field |
| CN106052773A (en) * | 2016-07-21 | 2016-10-26 | 南京天测检测有限公司 | Flue gas extraction flow calibration device and method based on porous probe |
| CN106052773B (en) * | 2016-07-21 | 2022-07-19 | 南京天测检测有限公司 | Flue exhaust flow calibration device and method based on porous probe |
| CN107065703A (en) * | 2017-06-06 | 2017-08-18 | 大连海事大学 | Square based on fractal theory point shape nozzle and flow measurement system, exchange heat measuring system |
| CN108332938A (en) * | 2018-05-17 | 2018-07-27 | 中国航空工业集团公司沈阳空气动力研究所 | A kind of continuous wind tunnel two-freedom traverse measurement mechanism |
| CN108332938B (en) * | 2018-05-17 | 2024-04-19 | 中国航空工业集团公司沈阳空气动力研究所 | Two-degree-of-freedom movement measuring mechanism of continuous wind tunnel |
| CN111665012A (en) * | 2020-04-24 | 2020-09-15 | 中国空气动力研究与发展中心低速空气动力研究所 | Portable intelligent flow field measuring instrument |
| CN111665012B (en) * | 2020-04-24 | 2022-01-11 | 中国空气动力研究与发展中心低速空气动力研究所 | Portable intelligent flow field measuring instrument |
| CN113607377A (en) * | 2021-08-10 | 2021-11-05 | 中国空气动力研究与发展中心设备设计与测试技术研究所 | Method for measuring upstream and downstream noise sources of subsonic pipe flow by one-dimensional hot wire probe |
| CN113607377B (en) * | 2021-08-10 | 2024-04-16 | 中国空气动力研究与发展中心设备设计与测试技术研究所 | Method for measuring subsonic pipe flow upstream and downstream noise sources by one-dimensional hot wire probe |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN201662459U (en) | 2010-12-01 |
| WO2011026445A1 (en) | 2011-03-10 |
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