CN102110797A - Valve-controlled sealed lead-acid accumulator for electric vehicle - Google Patents
Valve-controlled sealed lead-acid accumulator for electric vehicle Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a design and manufacture method of valve-controlled sealed lead-acid accumulator for electric vehicle with high specific energy and deep cycle and long service life, wherein by the modification of a battery cover structure, the changes of charging/discharging state and temperature are monitored in real time for every 2V single battery of 4-24V of the whole accumulator; the positive and negative columns of the single battery are made of metal inserts; metal plates are connected between the metal inserts; the inserts and metal plates are all made of copper, aluminum and nickel and the like with densities less than the density of lead and conductivities better than the conductivity of lead; the surfaces of the inserts and the metal plates are all coated with lead, tin-lead or tin-lead-sliver alloy; the positive and negative pole plates are both thin pole plates; and 0.1%-2% of silica powder with an average grain diameter of 3-15 microns, 0.02%-0.5% of lignin and 0.5%-1.5% of conductive graphite are added in active substances which are diachylon; the use ratio of the active substances is greatly improved; ultra-fine glass fiber clapboards and a polyethylene (PE) clapboard are combined; and the accumulator in the invention is ensured to have the characteristics of high energy-density and deep cycle and long life.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to circulate the deeply design and production method of long-life valve controlled sealed lead-acid accumulator of used for electric vehicle high-energy-density, particularly can carry out timing monitoring the charging and discharging state and the variation of temperature of each 2V cell of the whole storage battery of 4-24V.
Background technology
At present, China just uses New-energy electric vehicle at pilot conversion.It has promoted the research and development of storage battery greatly, New-energy electric vehicle requires storage battery to have big capacity---satisfy many, the high power of distance travelled---satisfy start quicken fast climbing capacity is strong, the charging interval short---quickly supplement energy, monitoring and maintenance conveniently and circulate the long-life deeply, the performance of lead acid accumulator will reach these requirements fully, has become the biggest problem of the research and development extensive use of new-energy automobile at present.
Present employed valve controlled sealed lead-acid accumulator, use based on the active material lead plaster full-filling of lead on the lead alloy grid, through overcuring, dry and change into after positive plate and the negative plate made, form utmost point group with glass dividing plate intermeshing again based on ultra-fine fibre glass together, same utmost point group's positive plate ear is connected with the positively biased pole by positive bus, the negative plate ear is connected with the negative bias pole by negative bus, form a cell utmost point group, again 6 this utmost point groups are inserted respectively in 6 single lattice of same battery case on request, positively biased pole and negative bias pole with adjacent two lattice welds together with autogenous soldering or through-wall welding method again, just form a not 12V semi-finished product battery of capping, again battery cover is linked together with bonding method or heat sealing method and battery case.Add sulfuric acid electrolyte by the control valve opening on the battery cover, set up rubber valve, seal little cover plate, just made a 12V valve controlled sealed lead-acid accumulator.This storage battery is when overcharging, and the oxygen that is produced on the positive plate passes the glass dividing plate and absorbed by negative plate, does not in use just need to add water, makes battery realize sealing.
The employed battery cover simplicity of design of this valve-regulated lead-acid battery, its structure is shown in Fig. 2 A and 2B.Fig. 2 A shows the battery cover substructure, and Fig. 2 B shows the structure of battery cover upper face.Have only an anode pole hole 6 and a negative terminal pole hole 7 on this 12V battery cover, the right avertence pole that keeps left of the connection between its 6 2V cells is welded together with the gas welding.Then, pour an amount of epoxide-resin glue in the connecting hole 3 of battery cover bottom and bonding groove 4, the battery case with the 12V semi-finished product storage battery of above-mentioned not capping tips upside down on the battery cover again, sends into the epoxide-resin glue curing oven and solidifies.Connection pole between each 2V cell is closed in inside battery fully, can not reach the battery cover upper face.Have only the anode pole can pass anode pole hole 6, the negative terminal pole can pass negative terminal pole hole 7 and stretch out the battery cover upper surface.Therefore, this valve controlled sealed lead-acid accumulator can only monitor and control with the whole storage battery of a 12V.For the charging and discharging state of 6 2V cells and temperature variations is implemented monitoring separately and control is impossible fully! Therefore, this storage battery will be used for electric automobile, and its fault takes place just to be difficult to prediction and to overcome, its reliability extreme difference, and failure rate is very high.
The 12V valve controlled sealed lead-acid accumulator of this old-fashioned structure, its control valve are fixed on 6 valve seats 5 on the battery cover, generally only adopt rubber valve control, and be simple in structure.Under the normal charge state, cell internal pressure is excessive, and control valve is opened eliminating gas, and this gas all carries sulfuric acid mist usually, and it directly by getting rid of in the slit around the little cover plate on the battery cover, causes environmental pollution, equipment corrosion.If valve is in the open mode of exhaust, outside naked light just is easy to ignite storage battery, causes equipment or personal damage.
This old-fashioned valve controlling sealed storage battery generally all is to adopt thick pole plate, and with 10 hour rate calculated capacities, the utilance of active material is very low, greater than 0.2C
10During the current discharge of A, its discharge performance is with regard to extreme difference, and it is just very difficult to reach QC/T 742-2006 used for electric vehicle lead acid accumulator standard-required.The main cause that its active material utilization is low is that positive plate is when discharge, the indissoluble lead sulfate crystal that the aperture of positive plate inside is generated stops up, will replenish the needed sulfuric acid of discharge in positive plate inside and be subjected to obstruction, the discharge between positive/negative plate just is difficult to proceed.Particularly when high rate discharged, positive plate is inner need to replenish sulfuric acid fast, so just is difficult to achieve the goal.
In order to improve the porosity of positive plate active material inside, someone adds pore formers such as electrically conductive graphite, expanded graphite or carbon dust in the employed lead plaster of positive plate, perhaps increase the sulfuric acid amount of the used lead plaster of positive plate, these methods no doubt can improve the initial capacity of storage battery and improve the early stage high-rate discharge property of storage battery, but because in the cycle charge discharge electric process, being oxidized to carbon dioxide easily based on the plumbean paste additive of carbon loses gradually, so that cause positive material, shorten the useful life of storage battery.Sulfuric acid content in the positive lead plaster increases, improve high-rate discharge property though can increase the porosity of positive active material, but in the manufacture process of lead plaster, sulfuric acid content improves, and the acidity of lead plaster increases, in the solidification process of pole plate, increased the oxidation difficulty of free lead, cause that the content of free lead increases in the green plate, this green plate changes into difficulty, and it can influence the discharge performance of ripe pole plate again.
In order to improve the high-rate discharge property of storage battery, generally all use the thin type pole plate, reduce the thickness of pole plate, increase the number of positive/negative plate, thereby the distance between the positive/negative plate shortens greatly, and the aperture of at present employed glass dividing plate based on ultra-fine fibre glass is bigger, recycle in the process because the dendrite elongation of negative plate penetrates dividing plate at deep discharge, cause short circuit to make the lost of life of storage battery easily.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of novelty big capacity, high power, have extended cycle life, can realize whole 2V cells are carried out the used for electric vehicle valve controlled sealed lead-acid accumulator of timely monitor and control deeply, mainly realize by following design and manufacturing measure.
Used for electric vehicle valve controlled sealed lead-acid accumulator of the present invention is an example with the 12V storage battery, but is not restricted to the 12V storage battery, and its structure is shown in Fig. 7 A.This valve-regulated lead-acid battery mainly by battery case 70, battery cover 79, the utmost point shown in Figure 6 group, connect metal board 73, control valve 74, acid-proof flame proof device 75, voltage monitor 76, temperature monitor 77, electrode column sealing spare and sulfuric acid electrolyte and form.
The utmost point group structure that storage battery of the present invention uses as shown in Figure 6, it by based on the active material lead plaster full-filling of lead on lead-calcium multielement alloy grid shown in Figure 8, through overcuring, dry and change into after behind the positive plate 61 and negative plate 64 made, two surfaces of positive plate 61 are that main U-shaped glass dividing plate 62 coats in order to ultra-fine fibre glass, PE dividing plate 63 is mixed on the two sides of negative plate 64, then, intermeshing forms utmost point group together, same utmost point group's positive plate ear is connected with positive terminal 67 by positive bus 65, the negative plate ear is connected with negative terminal 68 by negative bus 66, forms a cell utmost point group as shown in Figure 6.6 this utmost point groups are inserted respectively in 6 single lattice of same battery case 70 on request, the position adjustment with the positive terminal of adjacent two lattice and negative terminal is correct more again, and this just forms a not 12V semi-finished product battery of capping.Again battery cover 79 usefulness bonding methods or heat sealing method and battery case are linked together; install electrode column sealing spare as shown in Figure 5; add sulfuric acid electrolyte by seal control valve seat hole on the battery cover 14; load onto control valve 74; install acid-proof flame proof device 75; the little cover plate in sealing controlled area; with connecting metal board 73 is connected adjacent two cells with copper screw cap positive and negative terminals; install voltage monitor in the monitored space 76 and temperature monitor 77 on the battery cover; plug the monitored space cover plate; plug positive and negative terminal pole screening glass more respectively, just made a 12V used for electric vehicle valve controlled sealed lead-acid accumulator of the present invention.This storage battery is when overcharging, and the oxygen that is produced on the positive plate passes the glass dividing plate and the PE dividing plate is absorbed by negative plate, does not in use just need to add water, makes battery realize sealing.
Storage battery of the present invention, its battery cover is novel in design unique, is example with the 12V storage battery, but is not limited to the 12V battery that its structure is shown in Figure 1A and 1B.Figure 1A shows the battery cover substructure, the simple and easy heat-sealing type structure that it is as a whole, and cell through lid all uses the manufacturing of ABS engineering plastics, the electric hot plate manufacturing of this structure particularly suitable heat sealing machine, simple, use and easy to maintenance reliable also can be adopted epoxide-resin glue adhesion type structure.Figure 1B shows the battery cover superstructure, and the top of battery cover is divided into sealing monitored space 21, voltage temperature monitored space 20, anode pole district 18 and negative terminal pole district 19 4 parts.The seal control valve seat 14 of 6 cells is concentrated and is arranged in the sealing monitored space, is provided with acid-proof flame proof device seat 16 and coupled logical concentrated blast pipe 17 at an end that seals monitored space.Storage battery in use, when interior pressure is excessive, all focus on by the gas of getting rid of in the cell in the sealing monitored space of sealing fully, then, concentrated acid-proof flame proof device 75 backs of passing are discharged in the plastic cement pipe that is connected with three-way pipe by blast pipe 17, reboot and determine that the position enters in the atmosphere, or remove acid mist once more and handle.Penetrating the next door of battery big cover between up and down has 12 pole holes, and the connection pole hole 13 between 11,1 negative terminal pole hole 12,1 anode pole hole and 10 cells is wherein arranged.Interconnecting of 6 cells is distributed in the voltage temperature monitored space 20, connection between the pole is adopted and is connected the connection of metal board screw, each center that connects the metal board has control circuit connecting screw hole, the voltage monitor of each cell and temperature monitor all are installed in this guarded region, so just can realize timely monitor control and failure prediction and warning to each cell running status satisfactorily.
At present, 12 poles of the general 12V storage battery of producing all adopt 5 left avertence poles, 5 right avertence poles and three kinds of poles of 2 end poles, and these three kinds of poles all use the lead alloy manufacturing.Employed 12 poles of 12V storage battery of the present invention are unified to be a kind of pole, and it is constructed shown in Fig. 4 A and 4B.This pole is made up of metal insert 27 and lead alloy 28 two parts, and its internal structure is shown in Fig. 4 B.The structure of metal insert is shown in Fig. 3 A, Fig. 3 B and Fig. 3 C, its both sides, bottom have groove 6, or the middle through hole 8 that has in bottom, top has ring-like groove 7, the inserts central upper portion has connecting screw hole 9, this structure can be guaranteed the firm and reliable connection of metal insert and lead alloy, neither left rotation and right rotation can take place under the powerful moment loading of rotary screw, also will never produce upper and lower displacement.Three kinds of poles are merged into a kind of pole, have reduced mfg. moulding die, have simplified production management.The pole of storage battery of the present invention adopts the casting die manufacturing, guarantees that smooth surface is smooth, and is reliable and stable with the sealing property of guaranteeing storage battery.The connection of adjacent two cells is used and is connected metal board and brass screws, guarantees that the voltage drop of pole and connecting portion is minimum, can improve the discharge performance of whole storage battery.Be equipped with screw hole on connection metal board, use brass screws to connect the wiring of control circuit, what guarantee control circuit is connected firmly circuit clear.
Being tightly connected of the pole of storage battery of the present invention and battery cover can be adopted adhering with epoxy resin method or the direct Sealing Method of rubber seal, and best bet is to adopt rubber seal directly to seal.When adopting the sealing of adhering with epoxy resin method, after connecting, cell through lid carries out.After capping, carry out according to the requirement shown in the profile 7C, O-type sealing rubber ring 30 is enclosed within on the pole 71 (4A) shown in Fig. 4 A, use specific purpose tool that it is pressed onto bottom, space between pole and the battery cover, the O-RunddichtringO is closely contacted with the bottom, and then the epoxy sealing bonding agent 37 that cast is prepared on request in the space, and temperature control solidifies, after the adhesive curing to be sealed, water the epoxide-resin glue 38 of skim band look again on its surface, with the positive-negative polarity of sign cell batteries, temperature control solidifies again.This method sealing property is good, but more time-consuming, and twice curing consumes a large amount of electric energy again, and preparation and casting epoxy resin glue are pretty troublesome again, therefore, preferably adopt multilayer rubber sealing ring directly to seal.
When adopting multilayer rubber sealing ring directly to seal, also be to carry out later in capping, its encapsulating method is shown in profile 7B.Pole hole 11,12 on the battery cover and 13 top have screw thread, after capping is finished, again electrode column sealing spare shown in Figure 5 are installed inversion successively according to the requirement of Fig. 7 B.At first O-RunddichtringO 30 is enclosed within on the pole 71 (4A), use specific purpose tool that it is depressed into bottom, pole hole, square sealing ring 31 is enclosed within on the pole 71 (4A) again, be depressed into equally with the O-sealing ring and closely contact, put plastic washer 32 again, plastics screw ring 33 is installed, is used special spanner, plastics screw ring is screwed compress two-layer sealing ring.Then the polarity mark of cell pole is encircled 34 and be buckled on the plastics screw ring 33, so just finished the sealing of pole and battery cover.This encapsulating method can be enhanced productivity greatly, shortens the production time, reduces energy resource consumption, and sealing property is also highly stable reliable.
For specific energy and the specific power that improves storage battery, improve the storage battery heavy-current discharge performance, used for electric vehicle storage battery of the present invention adopts the thin plate designs of radiation grid, and positive and negative grid all adopts the design of radiation grid, and its structure is as shown in Figure 8.The thickness of positive grid is 1.3-1.6mm, and the thickness of negative grid is 0.9-1.2mm.Positive grid adopts the low calcium multicomponent lead alloy of inventor's development to make, and its calcium content is 0.03-0.06%.The plumbous calcium tin aluminium quaternary alloy of negative grid employing inventor development (see for details "
The development of low-stibium multicomponent alloy and lead-calcium-tin-aluminium quaternary alloy" " power technology " the 1991st 5 phase P35-41) make, its calcium content is 0.08-0.10%.Adopt thin pole plate, use the quantity of pole plate to increase, conductive area strengthens, and polar plate spacing is from reducing, and the internal resistance of cell can diminish, and can improve the heavy-current discharge performance of pole plate like this.After the pole plate attenuate, active material utilization can improve greatly, and capacity also can increase naturally.In order to overcome the pole plate attenuate, along with reducing of distance between quantity of polar plate increase positive/negative plate, the possibility of its short circuit will increase, and negative plate of the present invention adopts seals up PE pocket type dividing plate, can avoid this phenomenon to occur fully, guarantee the storage battery fault that in use is not short-circuited.
Used for electric vehicle valve controlled sealed lead-acid accumulator positive plate of the present invention adopts the positive lead plaster of the positive grid full-filling of aforementioned low calcium multicomponent lead alloy, and it is that 1.32 dilute sulfuric acid, graphite, average grain diameter are that 3-15 μ m fine silica end 0.1-2%, lignin 0.05-0.5%, terylene short fiber peacekeeping ion exchange water mix that this positive lead plaster adopts the lead powder, the density that contain 75-85% lead oxide.Mix later lead plaster apparent density and be controlled at 4.1-4.3, the needle penetration of lead plaster is controlled between the optimal zone of machine coated plate.After the full-filling lead plaster,, make its surperficial water evaporates, be collected in then on the special cool horse, send into curing room and solidified 48 hours, more than 12 hours, just obtain the positive green plate of finished product at the temperature drying more than 80 ℃ through rapid draing stove drying.The positive green plate that makes like this, also is difficult in the active material of positive green plate generate four basic lead sulphates even dry under hot conditions owing to added lignin in lead plaster, and it can improve drying efficiency and formation efficiency.Because do not add in the dry run of positive active material after curing of lignin being easy to generate four basic lead sulphates, the particularly easier generation of dry four basic lead sulphates under hot conditions.Four basic lead sulphates in the positive plate active material are difficult to be converted into brown lead oxide in formation process, it has increased the difficulty that changes into.And, along with the increase of four basic lead sulphate content in the positive active material, the crystallization water in this four basic lead sulphates to be removed in the dry run after it solidifies and just compare difficulty, must prolong the baking temperature after drying time and raising are solidified.
Aforementioned positive green plate and the negative green plate made from conventional method, by in the formed positive active material after changing into owing to added the SiO 2 powder of different-grain diameter, near the inner silicon dioxide of positive active material, generate a large amount of apertures, can store sulfuric acid electrolyte in these apertures, the sulfuric acid that is produced when charging can be discharged to the active material outside by these apertures, the inner needed sulfuric acid of active material can obtain again in time to replenish during discharge, it not only can satisfy the requirement of discharge of used for electric vehicle lead accumulator high rate and big electric current quick charge, and can also greatly improve the utilance of active material, increase the discharge capacity of storage battery, enlarge the specific energy of storage battery.Simultaneously, SiO 2 powder is in the storage battery use, electrochemical reaction can not take place in it, can stably remain on positive active material inside, make the skeleton structure of the inner carrying of positive active material electrochemical reaction stable, the softening too early of positive active material just can be curbed, and just can prolong greatly the useful life of storage battery.
Used for electric vehicle valve controlled sealed lead-acid accumulator of the present invention when installing and using, can adopt multiple voltage systems such as 48V, 96V or 192V on automobile.With single 12V storage battery 81 is example, adopts the 48V electrical voltage system, and shared 4 storage batterys can be connected to become one group of 48V storage battery onboard, and its circuit connection and gas exhaust piping method of attachment are as shown in Figure 9.In Fig. 9,85 draw wiring for the negative terminal of this group storage battery, and 86 draw wiring for anode, the connection between every 12V storage battery, and directly the end pole with marking positive-negative polarity is connected, and the assurance circuit connecting wire is the shortest.Also indicated the pipeline connecting method of concentrated exhaust among Fig. 9, all plastic cement blast pipes 88 connect into main line by the straight coupling of plastic three-way 83, and the concentrated blast pipe 17 of each 12V storage battery directly is connected with the branch pipe connection of plastic three-way 83.As shown in Figure 9,87 is the import of combustion gas, the direction that waste gas is indicated according to arrow in plastic cement pipe 88 flows, 89 flow out to the exit, or insert the exhaust gas intake port of another group storage battery again with the plastic cement pipe, so just the waste gas of all batteries of 48-192V on the car can be directed to a definite position and be discharged in the atmosphere or concentrate once more and remove the acid mist processing.
Used for electric vehicle valve controlled sealed lead-acid accumulator of the present invention is an example with the 12V100Ah battery, and its overall dimension is: long 300mm, and wide 173mm, high 220mm, quality is 35Kg.According to QC/T 742-2006 used for electric vehicle lead acid accumulator standard (hereinafter to be referred as industry standard) requirement, the 1st time 3 the hour rate capacity should be not less than 90% of rated capacity, 3 hour rates of storage battery of the present invention first capacity greater than 110% of rated capacity, promptly greater than 110Ah, actual capacity during it uses can surpass 125% of rated capacity, promptly surpasses 125Ah.By the industry standard requirement, heavy current discharging time is no less than 40min., and the heavy current discharging time of storage battery of the present invention is greater than 50min..By the industry standard requirement, the discharge capacity of quick charge capability test should be not less than 70% of rated capacity, and the discharge capacity of the quick charge capability test of storage battery of the present invention is greater than 90% of rated capacity.According to the industry standard requirement, after storage battery charges fully, under 20 ± 5 ℃ of conditions of temperature, with 1.5I
3(A) current discharge 1.6h is then with constant voltage 2.4V/ monomer current limliting 1.5I
3(A) charging was once circulation in 4 hours, and one time 3 hour rate capacity of per 50 circular tests is reduced to rated capacity when capacity and regarded as end-of-life below 80%, and its cycle life number of times should be no less than 400 times, and the life-span of storage battery of the present invention is greater than more than 500 times.The specific energy of storage battery of the present invention is greater than 50Wh/Kg, and volumetric specific energy is greater than 155Wh/l.
Picture specification.
Figure 1A is the battery big cover lower junction composition of used for electric vehicle valve controlled sealed lead-acid accumulator of the present invention.
Figure 1B is the battery big cover upper junction composition of used for electric vehicle valve controlled sealed lead-acid accumulator of the present invention.
Fig. 2 A is the battery big cover lower junction composition of old-fashioned valve controlled sealed lead-acid accumulator.
Fig. 2 B is the battery big cover upper junction composition of old-fashioned valve controlled sealed lead-acid accumulator.
Fig. 3 A is a battery post of the present invention with first kind of metal insert structure chart.
Fig. 3 B is a battery post of the present invention with second kind of metal insert structure chart.
Fig. 3 C is a battery post of the present invention with the third metal insert structure chart.
Fig. 4 A is the pole figure that storage battery of the present invention uses.
Fig. 4 B is 4B-4B sectional structure chart that storage battery of the present invention uses pole.
Fig. 5 is accumulator pole pillar seal of the present invention and polarity mark's part figure.
Fig. 6 is the utmost point group structure chart of storage battery of the present invention.
Fig. 7 A is the structure chart that storage battery of the present invention does not seal little cover plate.
Fig. 7 B is a battery post seal with elastometic washer structure chart of the present invention.
Fig. 7 C is a battery post epoxide-resin glue sealed structure chart of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is that accumulator plate of the present invention is with radiating the grid structure chart.
Fig. 9, discharge duct connection layout in the accumulators collection of the present invention.
It below is the detailed description of the specific embodiment of the automobile-used valve controlled sealed lead-acid accumulator of the electronic gas of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
The present invention is an example with the 12V100Ah storage battery, and design battery overall dimension is long 299.6mm, wide 173mm, high 220mm.The cell through lid material all adopts ABS resin, and the welding of heat fusing method is adopted in the connection of groove lid.Specifically be decomposed into the high 195mm of battery case, be divided into 6 single lattice, the wall thickness 2mm between the battery case list lattice, the thickness of outer wall is 5mm around the battery case, draw taper is less than 0.3%.The high 25mm of battery cover, be divided into two parts up and down, the high 15mm in top, the high 10mm in bottom, intermediate interlayer is thick to be 3mm, the battery cover bottom is corresponding with battery case to be divided into 6 single lattice, wall thickness between single lattice is 5mm, outer wall thickness around it is 7mm, and battery cover top is divided into sealing monitored space 21, voltage temperature monitored space 20 and positive and negative terminal pole district 18 and 19, has the control valve seat 14 of 6 cells, an acid-proof flame proof device seat 16 and a concentrated blast pipe 17 in sealing monitored space 21.Be distributed with 10 poles and stretch out hole 13 in guarded region, this zone is mainly used in the connection between the cell batteries and cell batteries voltage temperature watch-dog is installed, and the positive and negative terminal pole that positive and negative terminal pole district has the 12V storage battery stretches out hole 11 and 12.The end face in four zones is that the little cover plate of 2mm is sealed to an integral body with four wall thickness respectively, and the maximum fusion of the heat cover of cell through lid highly is 2mm.The cell through lid strictness manufactures and designs by above.
Employed 12 poles of 12V storage battery of the present invention are unified for a kind of pole, and shown in Fig. 4 A, pole adopts leypewter 28 two parts of copper insert 27 and stanniferous 3% to form.The top of copper insert has M6 screw hole 9, and the both sides, bottom have U-type groove 6, the terne metal of the outer surface elder generation immersion plating stanniferous 5% of copper insert, thickness of coating 0.1mm.It combines firmly with the lead alloy part, guarantees that copper insert and lead alloy part under the external force effect that screws screw displacement up and down takes place never.The pole diameter is 14mm, uses the casting die manufacturing, guarantees that smooth surface is smooth, guarantees that the sealing property of storage battery is reliable and stable.Red copper board and brass screw are used in the connection of adjacent two cell batteries, red copper board and brass screw lead plating sn-ag alloy, and thickness of coating is 0.02-0.05mm, stanniferous 2% in the slicker solder silver alloy, argentiferous 0.015%.The voltage drop of guaranteeing pole and connecting portion is minimum, can improve the discharge performance of whole storage battery.Have screw hole at red copper board middle part, use brass screws to connect the wiring of control circuit, what guarantee control circuit is connected firmly circuit clear.
The voltage monitor 76 of storage battery of the present invention and temperature monitor 77 are installed on the same circuit board, voltage monitor 76 is born the charging/discharging voltage Monitoring and Controlling of each cell and overvoltage, under voltage and fault alarm, simultaneously the voltage difference between 6 cells is carried out equilibrium and regulates.Temperature controller 77 is responsible for each cell variations in temperature state in use and is carried out timely monitor control, and abnormal temperature is in time reported to the police, and can shift to an earlier date trouble-saving generation.
Storage battery embodiment 1 employed positive and negative grid of the present invention is example equally with 12V100Ah, the high 172mm of grid, wide 152mm, the positive thick 1.6mm of grid, the negative thick 1.1mm of grid.Positive and negative grid all adopts the design of radial pattern grid, as shown in Figure 8.Positive grid adopts the low calcium multicomponent lead alloy of inventor's development to make, and its calcium content is 0.05%.Negative grid adopts calcic 0.1%, stanniferous 0.3%, contains the calcium tin aluminium quaternary lead alloy manufacturing of aluminium 0.025%.
Storage battery embodiment 1 used anode diachylon of the present invention is made by lead powder, sulfuric acid, silicon dioxide powder, lignin, terylene short fiber peacekeeping ion exchange water.The oxidizability of lead powder is 75-85%, and the consumption of sulfuric acid is every kilogram of lead powder 50 grams, and average grain diameter is the SiO 2 powder 0.3% of 7 μ m, lignin 0.15%, polyester staple fiber 0.1%, ion exchange water 14%.When making lead plaster, earlier the lead powder of weighing is put into the cream machine that closes, the ion exchange water of quick adding 6%, start mixes 5min, the mixed emulsion that will contain ormal weight SiO 2 powder, lignin and polyester staple fiber then adds to close and mixes 5min in the cream machine again, slowly adds ormal weight density at last and be 1.32 sulfuric acid solution, after mixing, with low amounts of water lead plaster needle penetration is adjusted to the optimum range of machine coated plate and reached lead plaster apparent density 4.2 again, can carry out the full-filling lead plaster.Every positive lead plaster 186 grams of positive grid full-filling.Negative lead plaster is made by lead powder, sulfuric acid, barium sulfate, lignin, humic acid, acetylene black and ion exchange water, and its apparent density is 4.3, every negative lead plaster 140 grams of negative grid full-filling.Then, the positive/negative plate of the good lead plaster of full-filling was sent into curing room curing after 48 hours, dry under temperature conditions more than 90 ℃, make positive/negative plate through changing into again.The super glass wool dividing plate is wrapped on this positive plate two sides, and negative plate puts the thick PE pocket type dividing plate of 0.2mm, and positive/negative plate is interweaved and overlaps, make its center-aligned, the pole plate both sides equate that to the distance on dividing plate both sides the positive/negative plate ear is marshalling separately, the compositing monomer battery electrode group.Then, this utmost point group is packed in the Combination Welding machine, use autogenous soldering positive and negative lug to be connected with positive and negative terminals respectively, make cell utmost point group as shown in Figure 6 by forming bus-bar.
6 of above-mentioned cell utmost point groups are put into 6 single lattice of battery case 70 successively by polar requirement, on the heat sealing machine battery cover 79 is being encapsulated on the battery case 70.Then, install as shown in Figure 5 multi-layer sealed of 12 poles, screw plastics screw ring, buckle polarity mark's sheet, connect the positive and negative terminals of adjacent two monomers appropriate with above-mentioned copper bar screw again according to structure shown in Fig. 7 B.Afterwards, hole by the control valve seat on the battery cover 14, add the sulfuric acid electrolyte of ormal weight for each cell, load onto control valve and acid-proof flame proof device, load onto the voltage temperature watch-dog, install four little cover plates, so just manufactured the valve controlling sealed storage battery of the embodiment of the invention 1 used for electric vehicle.
Storage battery embodiment 1 of the present invention, prescriptive procedure according to QC/T 742-2006 used for electric vehicle lead acid accumulator standard detects, its 3 hour rate capacity first reaches 116Ah, and the standard gauge definite value considerably beyond being not less than rated capacity 90% reaches 116% of rated capacity.Storage battery embodiment 1 of the present invention actual capacity in use can surpass 125% of rated capacity, promptly surpasses 125Ah.By the industry standard requirement, heavy current discharging time is no less than 40min., and the heavy current discharging time of storage battery of the present invention is greater than 50min..By the industry standard requirement, the discharge capacity of quick charge capability test should be not less than 70% of rated capacity, and the discharge capacity of the quick charge capability test of storage battery of the present invention is greater than 90% of rated capacity.
Thunder sky 3V100Ah lithium battery is of a size of 62*179*214mm, volumetric specific energy 126.3Wh/dm
3Embodiment 1 storage battery 3 hour rates capacity first reach 116Ah, and according to this numerical computations, its respective volume specific energy reaches 122Wh/dm
3The volumetric specific energy of this used for electric vehicle valve controlled sealed lead-acid accumulator volumetric specific energy complete and the used for electric vehicle lithium battery is basic identical, and promptly lead acid accumulator of the present invention can provide the energy that equates with lithium battery in the same battery space on electric automobile.
Embodiment 2
Embodiment 2 is identical with the cell jar lid overall dimension design of embodiment 1, and the pole structure is identical, and voltage monitor is also identical with temperature monitor, adopts identical grid to make positive/negative plate, the assembly method unanimity of storage battery.Be described in detail as follows with the difference of embodiment 1.
Employed 12 poles of the 12V100Ah storage battery of the embodiment of the invention 2 are still unified for a kind of pole, and shown in Fig. 4 A, pole adopts leypewter 28 two parts of aluminium inserts 27 and stanniferous 3% to form.The top of aluminium inserts has M6 screw hole 9, and the bottom has open-work 8, the terne metal of the outer surface elder generation immersion plating stanniferous 5% of aluminium inserts, thickness of coating 0.1mm.It combines firmly with the lead alloy part, guarantees that aluminium inserts and lead alloy part under the external force effect that screws screw displacement up and down takes place never.The pole diameter is 14mm, uses the casting die manufacturing, guarantees that smooth surface is smooth, guarantees that the sealing property of storage battery is reliable and stable.Aluminium board and brass screw are used in the connection of adjacent two cell batteries, aluminium board and brass screw lead plating sn-ag alloy, and thickness of coating is 0.02-0.05mm, stanniferous 2% in the slicker solder silver alloy, argentiferous 0.015%.The voltage drop of guaranteeing pole and connecting portion is minimum, can improve the discharge performance of whole storage battery.Have screw hole at aluminium board middle part, use brass screws to connect the wiring of control circuit, what guarantee control circuit is connected firmly circuit clear.
Storage battery embodiment 2 used anode diachylons of the present invention are made by lead powder, sulfuric acid, silicon dioxide powder, lignin, terylene short fiber peacekeeping ion exchange water.The oxidizability of lead powder is 75-85%, and the consumption of sulfuric acid is every kilogram of lead powder 45 grams, and average grain diameter is the SiO 2 powder 0.5% of 3 μ m, lignin 0.1%, polyester staple fiber 0.1%, ion exchange water 14%.When making lead plaster, earlier the lead powder of weighing is put into the cream machine that closes, the ion exchange water of quick adding 6%, start mixes 5min, the mixed emulsion that will contain ormal weight SiO 2 powder, lignin and polyester staple fiber then adds to close and mixes 5min in the cream machine again, slowly adds ormal weight density at last and be 1.32 sulfuric acid solution, after mixing, with low amounts of water lead plaster needle penetration is adjusted to the optimum range of machine coated plate and reached lead plaster apparent density 4.2 again, can carry out the full-filling lead plaster.Every positive lead plaster 186 grams of positive grid full-filling.Negative lead plaster is made by lead powder, sulfuric acid, barium sulfate, lignin, humic acid, acetylene black and ion exchange water, and its apparent density is 4.3, every negative lead plaster 145 grams of negative grid full-filling.Then, the positive/negative plate of the good lead plaster of full-filling was sent into curing room curing after 48 hours, dry under temperature conditions more than 90 ℃, make positive/negative plate through changing into again.The super glass wool dividing plate is wrapped on this positive plate two sides, and negative plate puts the thick PE pocket type dividing plate of 0.2mm, and positive/negative plate is interweaved and overlaps, make its center-aligned, the pole plate both sides equate that to the distance on dividing plate both sides the positive/negative plate ear is marshalling separately, the compositing monomer battery electrode group.Then, this utmost point group is packed in the Combination Welding machine, use autogenous soldering positive and negative lug to be connected with positive and negative terminals respectively, make cell utmost point group as shown in Figure 6 by forming bus-bar.
Storage battery embodiment 3 of the present invention is an example with the 12V160Ah storage battery, and design battery overall dimension is long 489.5mm, wide 175mm, high 220mm.The cell through lid material all adopts ABS resin, and the welding of heat fusing method is adopted in the connection of groove lid.Specifically be decomposed into the high 195mm of battery case, be divided into 6 single lattice, the wall thickness 2.5mm between the battery case list lattice, the thickness of outer wall is 6mm around the battery case, draw taper is less than 0.3%.The high 25mm of battery cover, be divided into two parts up and down, the high 15mm in top, the high 10mm in bottom, intermediate interlayer is thick to be 3mm, the battery cover bottom is corresponding with battery case to be divided into 6 single lattice, wall thickness between single lattice is 5mm, outer wall thickness around it is 7mm, and battery cover top is divided into sealing monitored space 21, voltage temperature monitored space 20 and positive and negative terminal pole district 18 and 19, has the control valve seat 14 of 6 cells, an acid-proof flame proof device seat 16 and a concentrated blast pipe 17 in sealing monitored space 21.Be distributed with 10 poles and stretch out hole 13 in guarded region, this zone is mainly used in the watch-dog of connection between the cell batteries and each cell batteries voltage and temperature and installs, and the positive and negative terminal pole that positive and negative terminal pole district has the 12V storage battery stretches out hole 11 and 12.The end face in four zones is that the little cover plate of 2mm is sealed to an integral body with four wall thickness respectively, and the maximum fusion of the heat cover of cell through lid highly is 2mm.The cell through lid strictness manufactures and designs by above.
Storage battery embodiment 3 employed 12 poles of the present invention are still unified for a kind of pole, and shown in Fig. 4 A, pole adopts leypewter 28 two parts of copper insert 27 and stanniferous 3% to form.The top of copper insert has M8 screw hole 9, and the both sides, bottom have U-type groove 6, the terne metal of the outer surface elder generation immersion plating stanniferous 5% of copper insert, thickness of coating 0.1mm.It combines firmly with the lead alloy part, guarantees that copper insert and lead alloy part under the external force effect that screws screw displacement up and down takes place never.The pole diameter is 16mm, uses the casting die manufacturing, guarantees that smooth surface is smooth, guarantees that the sealing property of storage battery is reliable and stable.Red copper board and brass screw are used in the connection of adjacent two cell batteries, red copper board and brass screw lead plating sn-ag alloy, and thickness of coating is 0.02-0.05mm, stanniferous 2% in the slicker solder silver alloy, argentiferous 0.015%.The voltage drop of guaranteeing pole and connecting portion is minimum, can improve the discharge performance of whole storage battery.Have screw hole at red copper board middle part, use brass screws to connect the wiring of control circuit, what guarantee control circuit is connected firmly circuit clear.
The remainder of storage battery embodiment 3 of the present invention is fully identical with embodiment 1.
Claims (10)
1. the present invention is a kind of high-energy-density used for electric vehicle valve controlled sealed lead-acid accumulator, it by the lead alloy utmost point of battery case, special battery cover, positive plate, negative plate, dividing plate, bus-bar, band metal insert live, multilayer rubber sealing ring, connection metal board, sulfuric acid electrolyte and voltage temperature watch-dog consist of the whole storage battery of a 4-24V high voltage that is made of 2-12 2V cell batteries.
2. the special battery cover in the claim item 1, battery cover is divided into two parts up and down, the bottom is a simple and direct heat-sealing or bonded structure, make and can adopt itself and being connected of battery case heat-sealing or bonding method to connect, convenient and reliable, battery cover top is divided into concentrates the sealing controlled area, voltage temperature monitored space and positive and negative terminal pole district three parts, on the intermediate interlayer in monitored space and positive and negative terminal pole district, a pole through hole respectively is set for the positive and negative terminals of each cell batteries, when battery case was connected with lid, the positive and negative terminals of each cell directly ran through battery big cover and enters special monitored space and the positive and negative terminal pole district that is provided with of the portion of covering greatly.
3. the positive and negative terminals of each cell adopts the lead alloy pole with metal insert in the claim item 1, and the connection of adjacent two cells adopts metal board screw to connect, and metal board central authorities have control circuit connecting screw hole.
4. the sealing between battery big cover and the pole adopts epoxy to mould the ester bonding method or multilayer rubber sealing ring directly seals in the claim item 1, preferably adopts rubber seal directly to seal.
Metal insert in the claim item 1 be connected the metal board and all use manufacturings such as density than metallic lead is little, the better metallic copper of electric conductivity, aluminium, nickel, at its coating surface lead, slicker solder or slicker solder silver alloy, thickness of coating is controlled between the 0.005-0.2mm, tin content is 0.2-5% in the terne metal, tin content is 0.2-3% in the slicker solder silver alloy, and silver content is 0.001-0.02%.
6. in the claim item 1 in the monitored space that covers special setting greatly of battery cover, be equipped with watch-dog that the voltage of each 2V cell batteries is monitored, electric voltage equalization stabilizer, temperature monitoring controller, with the communications connectors of main control circuit, the monitored space upper surface uses monitored space tegillum sheet to insert sealing, position corresponding with the center of cell batteries pole connection metal board on its little cover plate has aperture, need not open little cover plate and also can pass through this aperture voltage of each cell batteries of personal monitoring at any time.
7. each 2V cell is provided with in 1 and presses adjuster valve in the claim item 1, a plurality of cell batteries adjuster valves are concentrated in the sealing controlled area that is arranged in the setting of battery big cover top, end in the sealing controlled area is provided with 1 acid-proof flame proof device of being made by polytetrafluoroethylmaterial material, it is connected with blast pipe, the upper surface of sealing controlled area is equipped with little cover plate, adopting bonding way will seal the controlled area seals fully, can only be by the gas that interior pressure adjuster valve is got rid of by behind the acid-proof flame proof device filtering sulfuric acid, pass unique with it emission by exhaust pipe that is connected again in the plastic cement pipe that connects with the threeway plastic tube, the exhaust plastic cement pipe of the whole group storage battery of 48-192V links together, the waste gas that whole storage battery is got rid of focuses on a definite position discharging, or removes acid mist once more and handle.
8. the anode pole at battery big cover two ends and negative terminal pole and monitored space are isolated separately in the claim item 1, its upper surface inserts sealing with the tegillum sheet, the position that little cover plate is corresponding with end pole center still has the manual detection aperture, is beneficial to user's installation and maintenance operation like this.
9. each the 2V cell batteries in the claim item 1 is made up of paste spread type positive plate, negative plate, superfine glass fibre partition board, PE dividing plate and sulfuric acid electrolyte, the employed grid of positive/negative plate all adopts the design of radiation grid, anode plate grid adopts low calcium multicomponent lead alloy to make, wherein calcium content is 0.02-0.06%, negative electrode grid adopts the manufacturing of plumbous calcium tin aluminium quaternary alloy, its calcium content is 0.08-0.1%, and tin content is 0.3%, and aluminium content is 0.02-0.04%.
10. the positive plate in the claim item 1 is by the positive grid manufacturing of positive lead plaster full-filling in the claim item 9, and the prescription of this positive lead plaster is as follows:
Oxidizability is the lead powder 100Kg of 75-85%
Polyester staple fiber 50-100g
Electrically conductive graphite 500-1000g
Ion exchange water 5000-9000ml
Particle diameter is 3-15 μ m SiO 2 powder 0.1-2%
Lignin 0.05-0.5%
Density is 1.32 sulfuric acid 7500-9500ml
Make in above ratio is mixing, its apparent density is that 4.1-4.3, needle penetration are fit to the requirement of machine coated plate, after the grid full-filling, adopts conventional curing 48 hours, at temperature drying more than 80 ℃, changes into then, makes positive plate of the present invention.
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| CN2011100270844A CN102110797A (en) | 2011-01-26 | 2011-01-26 | Valve-controlled sealed lead-acid accumulator for electric vehicle |
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| CN2011100270844A CN102110797A (en) | 2011-01-26 | 2011-01-26 | Valve-controlled sealed lead-acid accumulator for electric vehicle |
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| CN102610802A (en) * | 2012-03-22 | 2012-07-25 | 株洲冶炼集团股份有限公司 | Lead-acid storage battery and anode material thereof |
| CN102891284A (en) * | 2012-10-18 | 2013-01-23 | 双登集团股份有限公司 | Lead-acid battery plate |
| CN103000830A (en) * | 2011-09-12 | 2013-03-27 | 崔荣龙 | Exhaust type acid and flame resistant lead acid storage battery used for electric road vehicles |
| CN104241706A (en) * | 2014-04-02 | 2014-12-24 | 超威电源有限公司 | Intelligent lead-acid storage battery pack |
| CN104659427A (en) * | 2014-12-04 | 2015-05-27 | 超威电源有限公司 | Assembly process for preventing terminal post of valve-control type lead-acid storage battery from acid leakage |
| CN105826620A (en) * | 2015-01-06 | 2016-08-03 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | Power supply controlling device and method thereof |
| CN106602152A (en) * | 2016-12-28 | 2017-04-26 | 双登集团股份有限公司 | Lead-acid storage battery for configuring UPS with ultrahigh power |
| CN106935782A (en) * | 2017-02-27 | 2017-07-07 | 多氟多（焦作）新能源科技有限公司 | A kind of battery unit and the battery module including the battery unit |
| CN107317055A (en) * | 2017-06-16 | 2017-11-03 | 江苏海宝电池科技有限公司 | High-performance lead-acid accumulator and its packaging technology |
| CN109596986A (en) * | 2018-12-29 | 2019-04-09 | 蜂巢能源科技有限公司 | Power battery pack internal resistance estimation on line method and battery management system |
| CN110249444A (en) * | 2017-01-26 | 2019-09-17 | 三星Sdi株式会社 | Battery pack |
| CN111987260A (en) * | 2020-08-31 | 2020-11-24 | 江苏工程职业技术学院 | Safe energy storage device of battery pack |
| CN112885988A (en) * | 2021-01-07 | 2021-06-01 | 浙江南都电源动力股份有限公司 | 12V low-voltage electrical system AGM manufacturing process for BEV automobile and battery |
| CN113422047A (en) * | 2021-05-20 | 2021-09-21 | 风帆有限责任公司 | Lead storage battery capable of being started normally in low-charge state |
| CN113488704A (en) * | 2021-05-25 | 2021-10-08 | 江苏海宝电池科技有限公司 | High-specific-energy valve-regulated lead-acid storage battery and preparation method thereof |
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| CN102610802A (en) * | 2012-03-22 | 2012-07-25 | 株洲冶炼集团股份有限公司 | Lead-acid storage battery and anode material thereof |
| CN102610802B (en) * | 2012-03-22 | 2014-09-10 | 株洲冶炼集团股份有限公司 | Lead-acid storage battery and anode material thereof |
| CN102891284A (en) * | 2012-10-18 | 2013-01-23 | 双登集团股份有限公司 | Lead-acid battery plate |
| CN104241706A (en) * | 2014-04-02 | 2014-12-24 | 超威电源有限公司 | Intelligent lead-acid storage battery pack |
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| CN106602152A (en) * | 2016-12-28 | 2017-04-26 | 双登集团股份有限公司 | Lead-acid storage battery for configuring UPS with ultrahigh power |
| CN110249444A (en) * | 2017-01-26 | 2019-09-17 | 三星Sdi株式会社 | Battery pack |
| US11133553B2 (en) | 2017-01-26 | 2021-09-28 | Samsung Sdi Co., Ltd. | Battery pack |
| CN106935782A (en) * | 2017-02-27 | 2017-07-07 | 多氟多（焦作）新能源科技有限公司 | A kind of battery unit and the battery module including the battery unit |
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| CN107317055B (en) * | 2017-06-16 | 2023-11-28 | 江苏海宝电池科技有限公司 | High-performance lead-acid storage battery and assembly process thereof |
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| CN111987260A (en) * | 2020-08-31 | 2020-11-24 | 江苏工程职业技术学院 | Safe energy storage device of battery pack |
| CN112885988A (en) * | 2021-01-07 | 2021-06-01 | 浙江南都电源动力股份有限公司 | 12V low-voltage electrical system AGM manufacturing process for BEV automobile and battery |
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| CN113422047B (en) * | 2021-05-20 | 2022-10-28 | 风帆有限责任公司 | Lead storage battery capable of being started normally in low-charge state |
| CN113488704A (en) * | 2021-05-25 | 2021-10-08 | 江苏海宝电池科技有限公司 | High-specific-energy valve-regulated lead-acid storage battery and preparation method thereof |
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Application publication date: 20110629 |