CN102109471A - Method for quantitatively evaluating crop canopy coverage and soil non-point source pollutant output intensity relationship - Google Patents
Method for quantitatively evaluating crop canopy coverage and soil non-point source pollutant output intensity relationship Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for quantitatively evaluating a crop canopy coverage and soil non-point source pollutant output intensity relationship, which comprises the following steps of: acquiring crop canopy coverage ranges in different growth periods; and by combining a rainfall artificial simulation method and quantitatively evaluating the crop canopy coverage and non-point source pollutant output intensity relationship, investigating the influence rule of vegetation coverage of field crops in the different growth periods on soil erosion and element loss to accurately quantify the influence of crop coverage in different periods on the soil erosion and runoff element concentration.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the Agriculture Ecological Environment Protection field, relate in particular to a kind of quantitative evaluating method that concerns based on the crops canopy coverage and the soil area source pollutants output intensity of digital pixel analysis.
Background technology
Crops canopy coverage is an important factor of control soil area source pollutants output intensity.With crops canopy coverage serves as to investigate object, and erosion of research agricultural land soil and nutrient loss rule are in the ascendant.Domestic scholars is means with rainmaking, and agricultural land soil corrodes, element flow is gone wrong dangerous index as estimating with crops canopy coverage, and agricultural land soil corrodes rule and element output rule under the research coverage.In crops canopy coverage and the research of soil erosion relation, it is generally acknowledged that crops canopy coverage is higher, soil erosion is fewer.Factors such as rainfall, soil, plant are comparatively complicated and be difficult to regulation and control, corrode and the research of nutrient loss rule causes certain difficulty to agricultural land soil.Because the restriction of research means, relevant crops canopy coverage is less to the research of environment negative effects such as the soil erosion, element loss influence, and wherein accurately quantitative crops canopy coverage is an important bottleneck.But, along with development of computer, crops canopy coverage is calculated and is become a reality fast and accurately, the crops canopy coverage measuring and calculating technology based on mathematical statistics and digital image analysis coupling of this patent introduction is an advanced person's a crops canopy coverage computing technique, to reach the purpose to the soil erosion, the accurate qualitative assessment of element loss carrying out.
Generally, the quantivative approach of field crops canopy coverage mainly contains three kinds: intuitive judgment method, linear partition method and near-infrared analysis method.The intuitive judgment method is to observe and assess crops canopy coverage by trained evaluator's naked eyes more than three, what rely on is evaluator's subjective experience, though this method is simple but accuracy is not high, the data repeatability between the different evaluators is low, the coefficient of variation is big; The method of linear partition is the lattice that whole sub-district area is divided into some homalographics with straight line, calculate in the lattice addition after the coverage respectively and total coverage, dividing the quantity of grid decides according to the requirement of coverage counting accuracy, although result precision height, good reproducibility that this method obviously obtains than intuitive judgment method, but the time of cost is longer, and is not too suitable in the research of a lot of fields.In addition, the near-infrared analysis method that development in recent years is got up has obtained some application in calculating the plant leaf surface parameter, the main near-infrared reflection data that rely on expensive multi-spectrum radiacmeter to obtain plant surface, and then conversion coverage, but the result of this method gained and the anastomose property of actual value are relatively poor, have limited its application.Be used to day by day during crop growth studies with relations such as soil fertility, illumination based on the method for the crops canopy coverage measuring and calculating technology of mathematical statistics and digital image analysis coupling, this method program is succinct, easy to use, the low shortcoming of intuitive judgment method accuracy can be solved, the problem that the linear partition method takes time and effort and the near-infrared analysis expense is high can be solved again.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is at the deficiencies in the prior art, the quantitative evaluating method of a kind of crops canopy coverage and soil area source pollutants output intensity relation be provided,
The objective of the invention is to be achieved through the following technical solutions: the quantitative evaluating method of a kind of crops canopy coverage and soil area source pollutants output intensity relation may further comprise the steps:
(1) obtaining of different growing stage crops canopy coverage scope: adopt digital camera to obtain digital photograph, utilize computer image analysis technology logarithmic code photo to understand then, select required crop colourity and color saturation, utilize number reason software statistics to meet the Pixel Information of colourity and saturation degree at last, thereby obtain the coverage value.
(2) the crops canopy coverage and the soil erosion, element run off and concern qualitative assessment: adopt artificially-simulated rainfall device, logarithmic code image taking district carries out simulated rainfall, raininess is with reference to meteorology heavy rain 2mm/min design, and the coverage value of the different growing stage that integrating step (1) obtains is investigated the different growing stage crop and covered the soil soil erosion down, element loss law.
Further, described step (1) is specially: take pictures in sunny day with digital camera, and the vertical ground clearance 1m of camera, stent support, picture is preserved with jpeg format, and dimension of picture is not less than 1280 * 960pi.Digital image imports computing machine, utilizes image processing software logarithmic code photo to understand, thereby the total area what the area of concrete certain Color Range of statistics accounts for, and promptly gets the coverage value.Before statistics, need earlier plant chromaticity range and saturation degree scope to be set.During with the mathematical statistics software statistics, should reject some little pigment background interference points, thereby obtain the very high coverage value of accuracy.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows that the relation that this methods analyst coverage and soil element run off is with the influence of accurately quantitative different times crop cover degree to the soil erosion, runoff concentration of element.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a workflow diagram;
Fig. 2 is field rape canopy coverage investigation figure, wherein, (a) is original photo, (b) is the digital photograph analysis diagram;
Fig. 3 is a field rape canopy coverage frequency analysis chart, wherein, (a) is histogram, (b) is the statistics chart;
Fig. 4 is a different growing stages rape canopy coverage calculating chart, wherein, (a) is the production initial stage, (b) is florescence, (c) is the knot phase;
Fig. 5 is the influence figure of different growing stages rape canopy coverage to nitrogen concentration, wherein, (a) is the influence figure of production initial stage coverage to three kinds of form nitrogen concentrations, (b) is the graph of a relation of production initial stage coverage and particulate form nitrogen concentration; (c) be florescence coverage to the figure that influences of three kinds of form nitrogen concentrations, (d) be coverage and the graph of a relation of particulate form nitrogen concentration in florescence; (e) be the influence figure of knot phase coverage, (f) be the graph of a relation of knot phase coverage and particulate form nitrogen concentration three kinds of form nitrogen concentrations;
Fig. 6 is the distribution trend figure of early growth period runoff granule content.
Embodiment
The quantitative evaluating method of crops canopy coverage of the present invention and soil area source pollutants output intensity relation, mainly realize by two steps:
(1) different growing stage crops canopy coverage scope obtains
The overall operation thinking of analyzing crops canopy coverage based on digital pixel image is: adopt digital camera to obtain digital photograph, utilize advanced computer image analysis technology then, select required crop colourity and color saturation, utilize number reason software statistics to meet the Pixel Information of colourity and saturation degree at last.Detailed process is as follows:
Take pictures in sunny day with digital camera, the vertical ground clearance 1m of camera, stent support, picture is preserved with jpeg format, and dimension of picture is not less than 1280 * 960pi.Digital image imports computing machine, utilizes image processing software (as PHOTOSHOP CS 8.0) logarithmic code photo to understand, thereby the total area what the area of concrete certain Color Range of statistics accounts for, and promptly gets the coverage value.Before analysis, need earlier plant chromaticity range and saturation degree scope to be set.When analyzing, should reject some little pigment background interference points, obtain the very high coverage value of accuracy with this with mathematical statistics software (as SPSS 17.0).
(2) the crops canopy coverage and the soil erosion, element run off and concern qualitative assessment
Adopt artificially-simulated rainfall device, logarithmic code image taking district carries out simulated rainfall, raininess is with reference to meteorology heavy rain 2mm/min design, and the coverage value of the different growing stage that integrating step (1) obtains is investigated the different growing stage crop and covered the soil soil erosion down, element loss law.
Embodiment 1: the quantitative relationship that the rape canopy coverage of different growing stages and soil nitrogen run off
Present embodiment need calculate the rape canopy coverage of three different growing stages, trial test shows that the chromaticity range of early growth period rape green should select 52～159, the saturation degree scope is 0～31, need carry out the setting respectively of green (leaf) and yellow (flower) florescence, wherein green chromaticity range is 52～84, saturation degree 13～69, yellow chrominance scope are 35～45, and saturation degree is 50～100; The knot phase is then carried out the green setting, and chromaticity range is 59～74, and saturation degree is 13～69.In addition, for understanding the essential information of rape canopy coverage, gathered 60 samples at the growth of rape initial stage in the same mode of digital camera and analyzed.The present embodiment fundamental purpose is to adopt the relation of digital image methods analyst coverage and the soil erosion and nitrogen loss, with the influence of accurately quantitative different times rape canopy coverage to nitrogen runoff concentration, granule density and tax nitrogen thereof.Mainly realize: 1) obtain different growing stage rapeseed cultivation coverage range information by two steps; 2) investigate the different growing stage crop in conjunction with the artificially-simulated rainfall analogy method and cover the soil erosion and nitrogen loss rule down.
What show among Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 is a part in the digital photograph taken of rape ground, field.Shooting process finds that different blocks rape ground rape canopy coverage difference is bigger, and (480mm * 640mm), the rape strain number of covering has 1 to 4 strain not wait under same shooting area.From the statistics (Fig. 3) of 60 samples, field coverage minimum value 12.1%, mxm. 64.8%, mean value 40.3%, intermediate value 40.1%, standard deviation 13.5.
For the accuracy and the validity of accomplishing to simulate as far as possible, the most representative 3 original state soil blocks and 1 bare area contrast soil block in different growing stages, have been chosen respectively.Fig. 4 and table 1 show, three interior rape canopy coverages of different growing stages show as knot phase＞early growth period＞florescence on the whole, knot phase rapeseed distributes closeer, basic energy mulching soil surface, also account for more than 50% under its low cover degree, although early growth period is because the rape plant height is little, but launch on the blade face, covered soil surface effectively, this is tested basic, normal, high three simulation coverages and is respectively 35.0%, 44.0% and 61.3%, compare with investigation result on the face, the selection of these three simulation coverages is comparatively reasonable; Florescence, although its coverage is the comprehensive result of blade face and rape flower, and plant height is bigger, the blade face dwindles greatly, coverage is in relative minimum stage in three growth periods, and basic, normal, high three simulation coverages are respectively 22.7%, 41.9% and 45.4%.
Rape canopy coverage and show native nitrogen content in table 1 undisturbed soil
Table 2 rainfall runoff yield situation
Table 2 has compared the runoff yield situation behind the simulated rainfall under three growth periods different coverages.Can find that run-off descends to some extent with the increase of coverage, but fall is little, illustrate that rape has certain interception capacity to rainwater, on the one hand rape strain body comprises that the blade face may be detained some rainwater, the rape water and soil conservation performance of big coverage also is better than the low cover degree rape on the other hand, but the changes in runoff that this two aspect causes are faint after all, the initial stage bare area is compared with high coverage, run-off is only reduced to 2.26L from 2.39L, the range of decrease has only 5.4%, similarly, the florescence and the knot phase range of decrease also have only about 5%.Simultaneously, can find, along with the continuity in growth period, runoff output increases to some extent under the close coverage, reason repeatedly rainfall can have been brought out the variation of showing native part character, such as sponginess reduction, the minimizing of fine grained grogs even skinning etc., increases run-off easily.Therefore, can think that there is certain influence in coverage to the variation of run-off, and also different in the influence degree of different growing stages, but this influence is less for the almost nil region of no relief rape plant clayed soil of the gradient.
Fig. 5 shows the influence of different growing stage rape canopy coverage to runoff total nitrogen, dissolved nitrogen and particulate form nitrogen concentration.Early growth period, total nitrogen concentration is all at 2mg L under each coverage
-1More than, under the bare area condition near 3.5mg L
-1, coverage slippage between 0%～35% and 44%～61.3% is bigger, and less relatively between 35%, 44%.Illustrate that coverage is bigger to the influence of runoff total nitrogen concentration, and have negative correlativing relation.The concentration of dissolved nitrogen in each coverage all near 2mg L
-1, apparently higher than the content of particulate form nitrogen, yet but difference is little under the different coverage.On the contrary, account for a spot of particulate form nitrogen and but demonstrate negative correlativing relation with coverage.Illustrate that total nitrogen concentration is that variation by particulate form nitrogen causes with the variation of coverage in this rainfall runoff in period.
Although florescence, coverage changed to some extent, but under the different coverages in the runoff Changing Pattern and the early growth period of total nitrogen, dissolved nitrogen and particulate form nitrogen concentration similar, be total nitrogen and particulate form nitrogen along with the increase of coverage obviously descends, also have tangible linear negative correlativing relation between the percentage composition of particulate form nitrogen and the coverage, and dissolved nitrogen has been kept the little trend of variable quantity.Compare early growth period, different is, under two more approaching situations of coverage in period, the concentration of total nitrogen, solubilised state and particulate form nitrogen all has rising in various degree, for example florescence, coverage 45.4% was compared with initial stage coverage 44.0%, and total nitrogen, dissolved nitrogen and particulate form nitrogen concentration have risen 0.6,0.2 and 0.4mg L respectively
-1, reason probably with this in period soil nitrogen content relevant.
The coverage of phase of setting seeds generally is higher than initial stage and florescence, and selected three the potted plant rape canopy of undisturbed soil coverages are respectively 53.4%, 61.8% and 70.8% all more than 50%.Increase along with coverage, although total nitrogen, dissolved nitrogen and particulate form nitrogen concentration all descend to some extent in the runoff, but fall can not show a candle to the drop-out value of above-mentioned three nitrogen concentrations in initial stage and florescence, and the linear relationship of particulate form nitrogen percentage composition and coverage also weakens (R to some extent
2Be reduced to 0.57), show that the coverage in high coverage scope changes little to the influence of the Different Nitrogen Concentration in the runoff, particularly increasing and the obvious effect that reduces with coverage of showing in early growth period and florescence not exclusively followed in the variation of particulate form nitrogen, and the amplitude of its fluctuation is less.Therefore, can think under high coverage that the variation of nitrogen concentration is in " fatigue " state in the rainfall runoff, little with the elastic space that coverage changes.
By rape different growing stages coverage measure and with corresponding coverage under the runoff nitrogen concentration impact analysis as can be seen: 1) coverage is greater than soluble state nitrogen to the influence degree of particle nitrogen, particularly at early growth period and when florescence, the coverage difference was big; 2) under the high coverage condition, it is little that coverage changes the Different Nitrogen Concentration that causes; 3) there is obviously difference in the runoff Different Nitrogen Concentration under the similar coverage of different growing stages, and the nitrogen content of soil is closely related in the size of difference and each growth period.
In addition, the size distribution rule of runoff particle also comes into plain view under the different coverages.Particle is the carrier of particulate form nitrogen, and the distribution of particle nitrogen depends mainly on two basic variables of particle: quality percentage composition and granule surface area.If the fine particle mass percentage composition improves, the nitrogen percentage composition that fine grained carries must improve.Fig. 6 is the distribution trend figure of early growth period runoff granule content, and as can be seen, the fine grained percentage composition less than 0.01mm in the runoff particle occupies more than 50% under 61.8% coverage, and content is higher under other low cover degrees; The plots changes of percentage composition relatively relaxes on 0.1mm～0.05mm and 0.05mm～0.02mm, suddenly accelerate and begin the curve fall from 0.01mm, particularly the decline of this scope of 0.01mm～0.005mm is very obvious, the content that this scope endoparticle thing is described all is higher than other particle size range, and this may intend rainfall intensity with being subjected to die trial.
Therefore, the present embodiment explanation is feasible based on digital pixel image analysis crops canopy coverage to the soil erosion and element loss quantitative relationship.
Claims (2)
1. the quantitative evaluating method of crops canopy coverage and soil area source pollutants output intensity relation is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:
(1) obtaining of different growing stage crops canopy coverage scope: adopt digital camera to obtain digital photograph, utilize computer image analysis technology logarithmic code photo to understand then, select required crop colourity and color saturation, utilize number reason software statistics to meet the Pixel Information of colourity and saturation degree at last, thereby obtain the coverage value.
(2) the crops canopy coverage and the soil erosion, element run off and concern qualitative assessment: adopt artificially-simulated rainfall device, logarithmic code image taking district carries out simulated rainfall, raininess is with reference to meteorology heavy rain 2mm/min design, and the coverage value of the different growing stage that integrating step (1) obtains is investigated the different growing stage crop and covered the soil soil erosion down, element loss law.
2. according to the quantitative evaluating method of claim 1 described crops canopy coverage and soil area source pollutants output intensity relation, it is characterized in that, described step (1) is specially: take pictures in sunny day with digital camera, the vertical ground clearance 1m of camera, stent support, picture is preserved with jpeg format, and dimension of picture is not less than 1280 * 960pi.Digital image imports computing machine, utilizes image processing software logarithmic code photo to understand, thereby the total area what the area of concrete certain Color Range of statistics accounts for, and promptly gets the coverage value.Before statistics, need earlier plant chromaticity range and saturation degree scope to be set.During with the mathematical statistics software statistics, should reject some little pigment background interference points, thereby obtain the very high coverage value of accuracy.
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| CN104156570A (en) * | 2014-07-23 | 2014-11-19 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | Soil erosion type non-point source pollutant river entering quantity calculating method and device |
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| CN103852469A (en) * | 2013-06-28 | 2014-06-11 | 轻工业环境保护研究所 | Method for testing mixing uniformity of solid-state materials |
| CN104143048A (en) * | 2014-07-23 | 2014-11-12 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | Method and device for calculating farmland surface source pollutant river pollution load |
| CN104156570A (en) * | 2014-07-23 | 2014-11-19 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | Soil erosion type non-point source pollutant river entering quantity calculating method and device |
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| CN107064470A (en) * | 2016-11-28 | 2017-08-18 | 青岛理工大学 | A kind of plant growth characteristics index evaluation method for concrete for plant growth |
| CN106841051A (en) * | 2016-12-19 | 2017-06-13 | 中国科学院南京土壤研究所 | A kind of crop nitrogen nutrition detection method based on visual image fusion value |
| CN106841051B (en) * | 2016-12-19 | 2019-05-10 | 中国科学院南京土壤研究所 | A kind of crop nitrogen nutrition detection method based on visual image fusion value |
| CN109682952A (en) * | 2019-02-21 | 2019-04-26 | 生态环境部南京环境科学研究所 | Pollution of area source measures system |
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Application publication date: 20110629 |