CN102107278A - Aluminum-bismuth-tin composite powder for oil bearing alloy and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Aluminum-bismuth-tin composite powder for oil bearing alloy and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN102107278A CN102107278A CN 201110002285 CN201110002285A CN102107278A CN 102107278 A CN102107278 A CN 102107278A CN 201110002285 CN201110002285 CN 201110002285 CN 201110002285 A CN201110002285 A CN 201110002285A CN 102107278 A CN102107278 A CN 102107278A
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Abstract
The invention discloses aluminum-bismuth-tin composite powder for an oil bearing alloy and a preparation method thereof, and relates to composite powder with a self-organized core/shell structure. The composite powder comprises a core and a shell, wherein the core is an aluminum-tin-based alloy, the shell is a bismuth-tin-based alloy; and the composite powder comprises the following components in atom percentage: 5 to 50 percent of bismuth, 5 to 45 percent of tin and the balance of aluminum. The method comprises the following steps of: melting raw materials of aluminum, bismuth and tin in a vacuum induction furnace to prepare a mother alloy; inducing and melting the mother alloy in an alumina crucible of an atomizer, starting an air pressure device to press melted alloy liquid into an atomizing chamber, and injecting argon or nitrogen to obtain the aluminum-bismuth-tin composite powder for the oil bearing alloy.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of composite granule that wraps up core/shell structure certainly, especially relate to a kind of novel oil-impregnated metal and use from the preparation method who wraps up the aluminium bismuth tin composite granule of core/shell structure.
Background technology
Sliding bearing is the vitals in automobile, tractor, lathe and other machines, and bearing metal is bearing shell and the inner lining material of making in the sliding bearing.Bearings axle, and when axle rotated, strong friction took place for bearing shell and axle, and bears the cyclic load that axle journal is passed to.Bearing metal should be both soft and hard, and its tissue characteristic is: distribution hard point on soft matrix, the soft point that perhaps distributes on hard matrix (1, Shi Likai chief editor, material dictionary [M], Beijing: Chemical Industry Press, 2006,870).If the tissue of oil-impregnated metal is a distribution hard point on the soft matrix, soft matrix is frayed and cave in when then turning round, hard is named a person for a particular job and is protruded from the matrix, the contact area of axle and bearing shell is reduced, and pit can store lubricating oil, reduce the coefficient of friction between axle and the bearing shell, reduce the wearing and tearing of axle and bearing.In addition, soft matrix can withstand shocks and shake, and makes axle and bearing shell combination well, and can play embedding and hide external little hard thing, the assurance axle journal be not scratched (2, Zhu opens the school and edits. engineering material [M], Beijing: publishing house of Tsing-Hua University, 242-243).
PM technique is to make metal dust and utilize metal dust to make the technology and the technology of metal material and special-shaped products for base stock.The utilization PM technique prepare oiliness bearing be used widely (3, Han Fenglin. powder metallurgy basis study course--basic principle and application [M], Guangzhou: publishing house of South China Science ﹠ Engineering University, 1-13).Powder metallurgy sintered oiliness bearing is after metal dust and the additive compression molding, puts into reproducibility or neutral medium gas, is heated to the temperature that is no more than melting point metal, makes it sinter porous plastid into, infiltrates lubricating oil then and makes.This bearing was invented in 20 beginnings of the century, and be applied gradually, become now the indispensable class fundamental parts of various industrial products development such as automobile, household electrical appliances, stereo set, office equipment, agricultural machinery, machinery (4, cross limit Guang still. sintered metal bearing [J] PM technique, 2002,20 (3): 121-127).
Traditional PM technique is that two or more metal-powders are mixed with Mechanical Method by required alloy proportion, perhaps uses electroless plating method, plates required alloy-layer on composite granule, and sintering makes bearing then.Because mechanical mixture can produce uneven components, oiliness bearing produces composition and metallographic structure segregation inevitably, cause hard to reach the inhomogeneities of performance mutually, cause bearing operation noise to raise and the shortening in service life, make in the mass automatic production process, be unfavorable for guaranteeing uniformity in product performance and stability.And electroless plating method also produces the pollution problem to environment inevitably when preparation such as bell metal coats the iron composite powder end.So, further develop the application performance that new coating technology improves sintered bearing, particularly corrosion resistance, be to reduce the bearing products cost, improve the key of product market competitiveness.Utilize full-fledged atomization flouring technology,, can disposable preparation wrap up the core/shell type composite granule certainly, thereby can solve the deficiency that traditional powder metallurgic method is made bearing metal by alloy system and composition design.
The aluminium kamash alloy is the good bearing metal of a kind of combination property, it has good combination properties such as anti-stick stinging property, Wear-resistant, corrosion resistance, compliance and embeddability, have simultaneously superiority such as density is little, thermal conductivity good, bearing capacity is big, fatigue strength height again, thereby just using, to replace traditional tin bronze and babbit. much more more and moreMorgoil is extensive use of in high speed heavy loading machinery equipments such as high-speed machine tool, Diesel engine, be current a kind of important bearing material (5, Gao Yan, Ceng Jianmin, man of department is brave etc. mock silver Study on Friction and Wear [J]. casting, 2005,54:591-594).Alloying component is the aluminium karmarsch alloy of 79Al-20Sn-1Cu (wt.%), and its microscopic structure is to be uniform-distribution with soft tin particle on the hard aluminum substrate, and is widely-used at present.Sn-bi alloy is a kind of low-melting alloy, its satisfactory mechanical property, alloying component is the sn-bi alloy of 42Bi58Sn, its tensile strength is 54.9MPa, and hardness is HBS 22, and creep properties is little, coefficient of friction is little, smooth abrasion-proof (6, Han Fuzhong. the application [J] of sn-bi alloy die mould in model casting. Shanxi coal, 2003,3:51-52).
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is at oil-impregnated metal tissue characteristic is the structural requirement of soft matrix, hard point, and a kind of oil-impregnated metal aluminium bismuth tin composite granule and preparation method thereof is provided.
A kind of oil-impregnated metal of the present invention comprises nuclear and shell with aluminium bismuth tin composite granule, examines to be the aluminium kamash alloy, and shell is the bismuth kamash alloy, presses atomic percent, and composition is: bismuth: 5%～50%, and tin: 5%～45%, surplus is aluminium.
A kind of oil-impregnated metal of the present invention preparation method of aluminium bismuth tin composite granule may further comprise the steps:
1) makes foundry alloy after aluminium, bismuth, each raw material of tin being put into vaccum sensitive stove fusing;
2) foundry alloy is inserted in the alumina crucible of atomizer, behind the induction fusing, start pneumatic shuttle molten alloy liquid is pressed into spray chamber, spray argon gas or nitrogen, promptly get oil-impregnated metal aluminium bismuth tin composite granule.
In step 1), the operating frequency of described vaccum sensitive stove can be 150～250kHz.
In step 2) in, the air pressure of described spray argon gas or nitrogen can be 3～10MPa.
Described oil-impregnated metal can be less than 150 μ m with the granularity of aluminium bismuth tin composite granule.
Oil-impregnated metal of the present invention is below the 150 μ m with the granularity of aluminium bismuth tin composite granule, and granularity can be regulated and control by changing air velocity.The nuclear of this composite granule is aluminium kamash alloy nuclear, can be used as the hard point of oil-impregnated metal; Shell is a bismuth kamash alloy shell, can be used as the soft matrix of oil-impregnated metal.Utilize PM technique, this composite granule of sintering, can make microscopic structure is the alloy of even distribution hard point on the soft matrix.Soft matrix is the sn-bi alloy matrix, and hard point is a mock silver hard point.This alloy is at 1atm, and sintering 1h can make the sintered alloy that microscopic structure is an even distribution hard point on the soft matrix under 100 ℃ the low temperature, and sintered density is controlled.The soft matrix of sintered alloy is the sn-bi alloy matrix, and hard point is a mock silver hard point.Sintering temperature is well below traditional bearing alloy sintering temperature, and sintered body composition and Tissue distribution are even, can avoid the sintering difficult problems such as component segregation of prior powder metallurgy sintering effectively.The sintered alloy that makes can become the novel oil-impregnated metal of excellent performance, has a wide range of applications at industrial circle.The present invention adopts the atomization flouring technology, disposable preparing from the aluminium bismuth tin composite granule that wraps up core/shell structure, and its technology is simple, cost is low, efficient is high, pollution is few; The aluminium bismuth tin composite granule of preparing that wraps up core/shell structure certainly, its interface can be satisfied mechanicalness and functional double requirements in conjunction with good.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the microstructure schematic diagram of oil-impregnated metal of the present invention with aluminium bismuth tin composite granule.In Fig. 1, examine that ((shell is bismuth tinbase ((Bi, Sn)-rich) alloy for Al, Sn)-rich) alloy into the aluminium tinbase; Scale is 100 μ m; Scale in the enlarged drawing of the upper right corner is 10 μ m.
Fig. 2 is that oil-impregnated metal of the present invention uses aluminium bismuth tin composite granule behind compressing tablet, at 1atm, and the microstructure schematic diagram under 100 ℃ the low temperature behind the sintering 1h.In Fig. 2, scale is 10 μ m.
The specific embodiment
With 56g fine aluminium (purity is 99.9wt.%), the pure bismuth of 164g (purity is 99.99wt.%), 280g pure tin (purity is 99.99wt.%) is positioned in the vacuum electromagnetic induction furnace, makes alloy behind the induction fusing.Alloy is put into alumina crucible, insert the vaccum sensitive stove (supply voltage: 110V/220VAC of atomization plant; Supply frequency: 50～60Hz; Operating frequency: in 150～250kHz), close vacuum to 1 * 10 that are evacuated to behind the fire door in the vaccum sensitive stove
-3Pa strengthens electric current to the 10A, and alloy is melted to liquid fully.Start pneumatic shuttle, melt liquid is flowed into spray chamber, meanwhile, (air pressure is 3～10MPa) to spray, and can get aluminium bismuth tin composite granule bottom at spray chamber to open the high pressure argon gas.Close the argon stream valve, simultaneously current value is decreased to zero, when atomization plant is cooled to normal temperature (about 25 ℃), opens charge valve and inject air, to atomization plant, open discharge door during pressure equilibrium, take out aluminium bismuth tin composite granule.This composite granule is enclosed in the epoxy resin, respectively with 1000#, 1200#, 1500#, 2000# sand paper and the polishing of diamond polishing cream, use electron probe (EPMA) (NEC's system, JEOL after the sclerosis, JXA8100) observed microstructure as shown in Figure 1, for wrapping up core/shell structure certainly.Carry out constituent analysis as can be known with electron probe, the nuclear of aluminium bismuth tin composite granule is that ((thermal conductivity is good and corrosion resistance is good for Al, Sn)-rich) alloy for the aluminium tinbase; Shell is that ((fusing point is low, and satisfactory mechanical property for Bi, Sn)-rich) alloy for the bismuth tinbase.
With this nucleocapsid composite granule, pressurization 5MPa is pressed into disk shape alloy block in tablet press machine, puts into 1atm, in 100 ℃ the low-temperature sintering stove, takes out behind the sintering 1h, and air cooling is to room temperature.To polish with 1000#, 1200#, 1500#, 2000# sand paper and diamond polishing cream respectively after the sample taking-up, (JXA8100) observed microstructure as shown in Figure 2 for NEC's system, JEOL with electron probe (EPMA).Carry out constituent analysis as can be known with electron probe, the black particle is that ((white portion is bismuth tinbase ((Bi, Sn)-rich) alloy to the aluminium tinbase for Al, Sn)-rich) alloy among the figure.As seen from the figure, the microstructure characteristics of this nucleocapsid composite granule sintered body are: be uniform-distribution with aluminium kamash alloy hard point on the bismuth kamash alloy matrix.
Claims (5)
1. an oil-impregnated metal is characterized in that comprising nuclear and shell with aluminium bismuth tin composite granule, examines to be the aluminium kamash alloy, and shell is the bismuth kamash alloy.
2. a kind of oil-impregnated metal as claimed in claim 1 aluminium bismuth tin composite granule is characterized in that by atomic percent composition is: bismuth: 5%～50%, and tin: 5%～45%, surplus is aluminium.
3. a kind of oil-impregnated metal as claimed in claim 1 preparation method of aluminium bismuth tin composite granule is characterized in that may further comprise the steps:
1) makes foundry alloy after aluminium, bismuth, each raw material of tin being put into vaccum sensitive stove fusing;
2) foundry alloy is inserted in the alumina crucible of atomizer, behind the induction fusing, start pneumatic shuttle molten alloy liquid is pressed into spray chamber, spray argon gas or nitrogen, promptly get oil-impregnated metal aluminium bismuth tin composite granule.
4. a kind of oil-impregnated metal as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that with the preparation method of aluminium bismuth tin composite granule the operating frequency of described vaccum sensitive stove is 150～250kHz in step 1).
5. a kind of oil-impregnated metal as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that in step 2 with the preparation method of aluminium bismuth tin composite granule) in, the air pressure of described spray argon gas or nitrogen is 3～10MPa.
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102873324A (en) * | 2012-10-17 | 2013-01-16 | 厦门大学 | Covering-type copper-nickel-silver composite powder and preparation method thereof |
| CN102974284A (en) * | 2012-11-28 | 2013-03-20 | 蚌埠鑫源石英材料有限公司 | Preparation method of spherical inorganic powder material |
| CN108103328A (en) * | 2017-12-15 | 2018-06-01 | 南通昂申金属材料有限公司 | A kind of preparation process of aluminium bismuth intermediate alloy |
| CN108526473A (en) * | 2018-06-21 | 2018-09-14 | 云南锡业锡材有限公司 | A kind of the solder powder production equipment and production method of achievable automatic stabilisation feed |
| CN110976848A (en) * | 2019-12-24 | 2020-04-10 | 哈尔滨工业大学（深圳） | Aluminum alloy powder capable of blooming and preparation method and application thereof |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| EP1375689A1 (en) * | 2001-03-06 | 2004-01-02 | Kiyohito Ishida | Member having separation structure and method for manufacture thereof |
| CN101337274A (en) * | 2008-08-13 | 2009-01-07 | 厦门大学 | Aluminum indium stannum alloy powder of nucleus/shell structure and preparation method thereof |
| CN101869982A (en) * | 2010-06-26 | 2010-10-27 | 上海交通大学 | Core-shell Al-Sn-Bi lead-free solder and preparation method thereof |
-
2011
- 2011-01-07 CN CN 201110002285 patent/CN102107278A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1375689A1 (en) * | 2001-03-06 | 2004-01-02 | Kiyohito Ishida | Member having separation structure and method for manufacture thereof |
| CN101337274A (en) * | 2008-08-13 | 2009-01-07 | 厦门大学 | Aluminum indium stannum alloy powder of nucleus/shell structure and preparation method thereof |
| CN101869982A (en) * | 2010-06-26 | 2010-10-27 | 上海交通大学 | Core-shell Al-Sn-Bi lead-free solder and preparation method thereof |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102873324A (en) * | 2012-10-17 | 2013-01-16 | 厦门大学 | Covering-type copper-nickel-silver composite powder and preparation method thereof |
| CN102974284A (en) * | 2012-11-28 | 2013-03-20 | 蚌埠鑫源石英材料有限公司 | Preparation method of spherical inorganic powder material |
| CN108103328A (en) * | 2017-12-15 | 2018-06-01 | 南通昂申金属材料有限公司 | A kind of preparation process of aluminium bismuth intermediate alloy |
| CN108526473A (en) * | 2018-06-21 | 2018-09-14 | 云南锡业锡材有限公司 | A kind of the solder powder production equipment and production method of achievable automatic stabilisation feed |
| CN110976848A (en) * | 2019-12-24 | 2020-04-10 | 哈尔滨工业大学（深圳） | Aluminum alloy powder capable of blooming and preparation method and application thereof |
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Application publication date: 20110629 |