CN102092460A - Force analysis method of single point buoy mooring system of extra-large ship under coupling action of stormy waves - Google Patents

Force analysis method of single point buoy mooring system of extra-large ship under coupling action of stormy waves Download PDF

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CN102092460A
CN102092460A CN2010106191729A CN201010619172A CN102092460A CN 102092460 A CN102092460 A CN 102092460A CN 2010106191729 A CN2010106191729 A CN 2010106191729A CN 201010619172 A CN201010619172 A CN 201010619172A CN 102092460 A CN102092460 A CN 102092460A
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force
mooring
single point
ship
boats
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肖英杰
吴善刚
郭万明
李松
周伟
杨小军
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Shanghai Maritime University
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Abstract

The invention relates to a force analysis method of a single point buoy mooring system of an extra-large ship under the coupling action of stormy waves and provides a mooring force mathematical model suitable for a single point buoy anti-typhoon mooring system of the extra-large ship, which are used for performing identification modeling on a non-steady motion strained condition under a typhoon environment and performing a mathematical simulation test and actual measurement verification on the force motion of the ship without power and interference effects of the typhoon environment. Required input and output data are provided for the identification modeling of the mathematical model through a ship motion physical model test of a single point mooring ship model under the action of wind, currents and waves; and a mooring curve of a buoy type anti-typhoon single point mooring system is deduced and the influence of all component parts on the mooring curve is analyzed by researching a ship-buoy motion law based on catenary and cubic parabola theories, so that the key technical problem of the design of the single point buoy anti-typhoon mooring system is solved.

Description

Super large marine Single Buoy Mooring (SBM) force analysis method under the stormy waves coupling
Technical field
The present invention relates to anti-platform SPBM field, the particularly configuration of the anti-table flotation cartridge type wind one-point mooring system of super large marine.
Background technology
The national army standard " windproof mooring drum " of promulgation in 1991 (GJB1119.91) has been made regulation to the design and use of the anti-platform mooring system of military single-point floating drum, but because theoretical shortcoming and poor for applicability, particularly fail to be promoted the use of always, cause China to be in unconformable situation always at the configuration of the anti-table flotation cartridge type wind one-point mooring system of large-scale and super large marine at the reason poor for applicability of super large marine.
" windproof mooring drum " (GJB1119.91) acts on is to guarantee the windproof mooring safety of super large marine.At present, the up-to-date windproof mooring drum national standard GJB1119A-2006 of China revises on the basis of GBJ1119-91, but still lack pontoon type single point mooring (SPM) at the super large marine standard of combating typhoon, the windproof one-point mooring system construction that causes the coastland to be combated typhoon still is in a kind of relatively state of difficulty, and there is potential safety hazard in quite a few facility.The problem that primary standard exposes is more and more serious, and the problem that has many theories and use mainly shows:
(1) research of existing anti-table flotation cartridge type single buoy mooring system is limited to little medium-sized boats and ships or the naval's super large marine to non-extreme sea condition more, does not see the research to the anti-platform mooring system of the single-point floating drum of large-scale especially super large marine under the typhoon situation that with the high wind speed is principal character.
(2) along with the maximization and the ship building industry development of China's boats and ships, primary standard can not satisfy operating needs.The super large marine mooring force expression formula that primary standard provides is not comprehensive, and mooring force is directly proportional with the captain and the beam, and the super large marine wind-engaging relevant with moldeed depth, is subjected to flow area etc. to there is no direct relation.
(3) to the response shortage scientific understanding of the boats and ships characteristics of motion, stress characteristic and different hydrometeorological condition under the typhoon effect to system.
(4) stochastic and dynamic of the anchor chain pulling force that causes owing to the combined influence that is subjected to enchancement factors such as marine site wind load, wave force, flow force changes, especially the maximum transient state pulling force that under stormy waves sudden change and hazard weather, causes, above-mentioned stressed model complexity, model parameter need and be revised by the measured data check, under the measured data situation that lacks under the typhoon effect, be difficult to set up single point mooring (SPM) and two point mooring math modeling accurate, science.
(5) not shipmate type is different to buoy mooring's system requirements, and there is certain difference in model, and existing model does not have at specific type of ship, and specific aim is poor, brings inconvenience to practice.The present invention is primarily aimed at super many types of boats and ships, is representative with 300,000 tons of oil carriers, and specific aim star strengthens, the also corresponding increasing of the practicality of model.
In windproof single buoy mooring system, the mooring force that boats and ships produce under the effect of stormy waves stream is one of sixty-four dollar question in the practical application, how to determine reasonably that mooring force is the key issue of research.Calculate about single point mooring's power, Europe, the United States, day etc., all there was separately industry mark type in state, these standards and treatise all are to be applicable elements with certain water environment, Consideration differs, computing formula is totally different, result of calculation is also inconsistent, is difficult to direct application, needs to carry out necessary checking or correction by physical model.
To sum up, in view of the study limitation of present most of relevant single buoy mooring systems in the alongside loading and unloading operation, shorter mention is to the single point mooring (SPM) of windproof state, and the achievement in research of existing windproof single buoy mooring system can not satisfy operating needs, especially for few very few of the research data of the windproof single point mooring (SPM) of super large marine.Therefore, be necessary windproof single buoy mooring system to be carried out systematic study fully using for reference on the basis of existing correlative study achievement.
Summary of the invention
The research technique that purpose of the present invention further adopts measured test, mathematical simulation and physical experiments to combine is studied for the system of the windproof single point mooring (SPM) of super large marine; The independent development boats and ships are at the stressed math modeling that moves of super large marine under the extreme environmental conditions such as typhoon, under buoy mooring effect.
Technical solution: make up single point mooring (SPM) and two point mooring math modeling,, in mooring system, under the various design conditions combinations, analyze the possible state of kinematic motion of boats and ships according to design conditions such as design wind speed, design current velocity, design wave and design types; And definite boats and ships act on aboard ship wind loading, flow force, wave force and the mooring force of being obtained by its combination and corresponding anchor chain under the least favorable state; By the actual measurement of anchor chain power, compare with math modeling, determine the science and the reasonableness of single point mooring (SPM) and two point mooring calculated with mathematical model.Single point mooring (SPM) and two point mooring mode mainly are made up of floating drum, anchor chain and anchorage, and single point mooring (SPM) and two point mooring math modeling relate generally to following basic mechanical model:
(1) distinguished and admirable application force of boats and ships and mooring force model
This model is mainly by calculating the horizontal mooring force that distinguished and admirable application force to hull determines that boats and ships apply to floating drum by anchor chain or hawser.
(2) the vertical stress model of floating drum
This model is main determines the suffered buoyancy of floating drum with the rate of change of its drinking water and the requirement of variation range according to anti-table flotation tube operating needs, thereby provides foundation for the scale Design of floating drum.
(3) the horizontal restoring force model of floating drum
This model is determined the horizontal restoring force of floating drum and the corresponding relation between the horizontal displacement by vertical chain line equation, and analyzes the influence of key elements such as length of chain cable, weight, the depth of water to above-mentioned relation.
(4) anchorage stress model
This model is used for determining horizontal force, the uplift force of anchor chain to anchorage, the gravity of anchorage, the effect of bottom friction and ground elastic force.Its effect is to provide foundation for design parameterss such as the weight of anchorage and buried depths.
By using above-mentioned model, it is stressed to analyze under the distinguished and admirable coupling large ship Single Buoy Mooring (SBM), for anti-table flotation tube design provides reference frame.
Concrete steps are as follows:
1) composition of stress model system and balanced system of force
(1) wind is to the calculating of hull application force and moment Xa, Ya, Na
X a = 1 2 ρ a A T 2 + A L 2 V ‾ a 2 C Ra cos α a Y a = 1 2 ρ a A T 2 + A L 2 V ‾ a 2 C Ra sin α a N a = L oa ( 0.5 - C e ) Y a
More than various in, θ a,
Figure BSA00000405785600032
Be leeway and the wind speed with respect to ship, A L, A TBe respectively waterline with upper hull frontal projected area and lateral projection's area; C K, Z GBe respectively lateral projection's area position of form center to bar stem and waterline distance; And L OaBe boats and ships length overall, ρ aBe density of air (1.226kg/m 3).
(2) stream is to the calculating of hull application force and moment XH, YH, NH
X H = 1 2 ρLd V 2 C x Y H = 1 2 ρLd V 2 C y N H = 1 2 ρ L 2 dV 2 C n
Wherein, ρ is that (seawater is got 1025kg/m to water tightness 3, fresh water is got 1000kg/m 3), L is the captain, m; D is drinking water, m; V is the resulting velocity of motion of ship, i.e. relative velocity, m/s; C x, C y, C nBe hydrodynamic coefficient, general model experiment result is the function that it is expressed as drift angle β.
(3) effect of wave force
Wave force can be divided into single order wave force and Second Order.The single order wave force generally can be ignored, and Second Order is a kind of application force of permanent continuation, can produce tangible influence to the mooring system of boats and ships.
(4) seabed application force
The part that anti-platform mooring system contacts with the seabed is anchorage and the anchor chain planted agent part that may exist.Friction force and the suffered ground force balance of anchorage that planted agent's anchor chain is arranged through the horizontal mooring force of anchor chain transmission in the horizontal direction.Vertical force on the anchor chain then forms the uplift force to anchorage, by anchorage gravity and friction force balance.As anchor chain planted agent's length is arranged, then do not have uplift force.
(5) boats and ships mooring force: the boats and ships mooring force is that boats and ships pass through the application force that anchor chain or hawser transmit to mooring buoy.
(6) ship collision force: ship collision force is meant the impulsive force that hull may bear in the mooring operating process.
(7) impact load
The Horizontal Tension of dynamical equilibrium institute correspondence position is the maximum impact load that is subjected in the boats and ships band double ring astern process.
2) yardstick and year condition are to the influence of single point mooring's power
Square being directly proportional of the long-pending or fluid action face of fluoran stream surface and Ship's Principal Dimensions, under the identical conditions, wind, stream are made a concerted effort can the increase rapidly along with the increase of Ship's Principal Dimensions.
(1) floating drum---float buoyancy
Size that floating drum is different and model have different buoyancy, and for the boats and ships of the different tonnages of mooring, this moment, floating drum was in the natural balanced state when not working, and buoyancy equals gravity.
(2) structure of anchor chain and gravity
Anchor chain is divided into two kinds of stud chain and studless cables by the chain link structure.Size, when material is identical, the intensity ratio studless cable of stud chain big be out of shape for a short time, and is difficult for distortion when stacking, so extensively employing on the seagoing vessel.Studless cable generally only is used for canoe.
(3) catenary equation finds the solution
Anchor chain mainly bears tension force T (bending stiffness generally can be ignored), so the general type of catenary equation is:
S = 1 W ∫ 0 φ T cos 2 φ dφ = T W tgφ
X E - X = ∫ 0 φ cos φds = T W ln [ 1 cos φ + tgφ ]
Z - Z F = ∫ 0 φ sin φds = T W [ 1 cos φ - 1 ]
In the formula: S---the length of chain cable between F point and E point, m;
T---the suffered pulling force of anchor chain, N;
W---the weight of unit length anchor chain, kg/m;
(4) anchorage---mooring power
Be embedded in the following anchorage of seabed mud face, only otherwise be pulled out the mud face, just can not move with respect to the seabed.Therefore, the mooring power of anchorage is expressed with the power Ft that breaks ground on the engineering:
F t = H 3 ( a 2 + b 2 + ab ) γ
Wherein: H---anchorage buried depth, i.e. anchorage end face plug depth (m) under the mud face;
A---the anchorage length of side (m) of going to the bottom;
B---the hem width that breaks ground, b=a+0.66H;
γ---silt weighs (kN/m under water 3).
(5) tension test for chain cable
The extraction sample carries out tension test for chain cable can guarantee the safe handling of anchor chain finished product.
(6) boats and ships yawing
The boats and ships yawing is meant riding boats and ships, and the cyclical movement that head shakes, surging is mutually compound with swaying because of the variation of wind-engaging kinetic pressure, hydrodynamic pressure and anchor chain pulling force causes is called the boats and ships yawing.
(7) floating drum---float buoyancy
F Floating=G RowLiquidV Rowg
(8) anchorage---mooring power
In dynamic system, the suffered mooring power TH of anchorage is:
Figure BSA00000405785600051
In the formula, T LMax---the maximum impact tension force (kN) of horizontal direction;
φ 1---the vertical angle of anchor chain and floating drum junction (°).
3) comprehensive effect
(1) wind, wave, stream reach the Force Calculation of single-point mooring steamer under the mutual action separately
The final balance position of boats and ships is a condition with distinguished and admirable balance of making a concerted effort with the anchor chain Horizontal Tension under the distinguished and admirable synergy.Therefore, the extended line of distinguished and admirable active line of making a concerted effort will be by hawse hole, and the reversing sense of force action line is the direction of anchor chain.The direction of anchor chain usually and bow to inconsistent.
(2) relationship analysis of motion of ship and mooring anchor chain
Under the static balance state, motion of ship is to the reversing sense decision by wind, stream force action line.Under dynamicmodel, motion of ship is by the position in current ship anchor chains hole and the determining positions of floating drum.
(3) motion of ship and mooring anchor chain are to the influence of floating drum motion
When horizontal mooring force during greater than the ground cable Horizontal Tension, floating drum is (away from the direction of anchorage) motion laterally; When horizontal mooring force during less than the ground cable Horizontal Tension, floating drum is (near the direction of anchorage) motion to the inside.
(4) measured value and math modeling comparison (referring to Fig. 3)
The strain gage electrical measuring method is adopted in the test of anchor chain mooring force.The temperature self-compensation method is adopted in test, at first is converted to electric quantity signal by the bar structure strain of strain unit, amplifies the change-over circuit output voltage signal by half bridge measurement circuit, four tunnel strain adapters and signal again.This anchor chain mooring force test is mainly carried out the test and the analysis of dynamic tension to the anchor chain between floating drum and the anchorage piece.The maximum peak valley stress/pulling force of quantitative analysis measured point dynamic stress/pulling force is as maximum tension stress/pulling force (being peak value, with "+" expression) or maximum crushing stress/pulling force (being valley, with "-" expression).
The calculating anchor chain that measuring point goes out is stressed.The stressing conditions that calculated with mathematical model is gone out and the data of actual measurement compare again.Normal when stressed at anchor chain, the actual loading of anchor chain and boats and ships are subjected to the distinguished and admirable figure of making a concerted effort identical substantially.
(5) the stressed and stressed conversion of anchor chain of hull
To make every effort to tension force on the anchor chain according to horizontal mooring, at first must determine the vertical angle Φ 2 of anchor chain water exit and anchor chain vertical angle Φ 3 at the hawse hole place.
(6) the floating drum mooring force computation optimization of unpowered boats and ships
When the big stream of wind hour, boats and ships should increase ballast, reduce area exposed to the wind; When the wind rill is big, should reduce ballast, be subjected to flow area thereby reduce.
(7) be suitable for the ship type analysis
Because the representative ship type of 30 ton boats and ships is oil carrier and bulge carrier, both overall difference are less, can both be suitable for.
Beneficial effect
By research of the present invention, the independent development boats and ships are at the stressed math modeling that moves of the super large marine under buoy mooring effect under the extreme environmental conditions such as typhoon, obtain boats and ships under the unpowered condition and ambient interference couple of force cooperations such as wind, stream, wave with under motion of ship analogy method, floating drum force analysis method and the super large marine single point mooring (SPM) safety strategy of combating typhoon, obtain the super large marine single buoy mooring system force analysis method and the model that combine based on full scale test, computer simulation test and physical test.
Description of drawings
Further specify the present invention below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and case study on implementation.
Fig. 1 wind direction 000, flow to the floating force diagram of 180 o'clock boats and ships single-points system;
Fig. 2 wind direction 000, flow to the floating force diagram of 270 o'clock boats and ships single-points system;
Fig. 3 dynamic stress/tensile test and analytical plan schematic block diagram.
The specific embodiment
Below by a case study on implementation, further specify the present invention.
300,000 tons of oil tanker single-points are that the stressed numerical analysis of pontoon oceangoing ship is referring to Fig. 1, Fig. 2;
Other 100,000 tons of oil tanker single-points are that the diffusing general cargo ship single-point of the stressed numerical analysis of pontoon oceangoing ship, 10 tons is the force diagram that the stressed numerical analysis of pontoon oceangoing ship produces similar Fig. 1, Fig. 2, in force diagram, flow velocity is 2m/s and 0.8m/s, the ballast situation is selected 50,000 tons of displacement, 130,000 tons, 200,000 tons of three kinds of situations.
When flow velocity was too big, boats and ships are suffered made a concerted effort to obey flow velocity, is subjected to flow area big, and boats and ships are suffered distinguished and admirablely makes a concerted effort greatly more, and promptly the ballast for cruising amount receives greatly distinguished and admirable big more more.
1) for regular situation.When the suffered flow velocity of boats and ships was 0.8m/s, wind speed was during less than 35m/s, and stressed distinguished and admirable with joint efforts little during than ballast 1/4 during clean ship, ballast 1/4 boats and ships are stressed stressed littler than ballast 1/2.
2) when wind speed during greater than 35m/s, ballast for cruising 1/4 be subjected to distinguished and admirable make a concerted effort minimum.So, in typhoon season,, advise 1/4 ballast if be that the territory flow velocity of swimming is little, still, it is suffered distinguished and admirable all from positive stem that this is assumed to boats and ships, and related management personnel still should look concrete distinguished and admirable situation level pressure carries situation.
According to thing mould ship type data, and 4 of Zhoushan systems of buoy mooring are provided with the limiting condition stormy waves flow data that meet position 100 years, calculate boats and ships 1/5,1/4, and the distinguished and admirable wave under 1/3, the 1/2 ballast situation is made a concerted effort;
According to above force diagram, cross the limiting condition analysis at two places for Mount Dai, Buddhist; Because unrestrained application force is close opposite substantially with the wind action force direction with the force direction of stream, increases stressed urgency with ballast for cruising and increase so two places are crossed in Mount Dai, Buddhist.Limiting condition analysis for Ma Zhi, five brave reefs, two places, because wind, that unrestrained force direction is close is opposite substantially with the force direction that flows, so crossing two places, Mount Dai, Buddhist increase stressed reducing with ballast for cruising, further specify not shipmate type, under the operating mode of different distinguished and admirable waves, different ballast situations to boats and ships stressed influence difference, operating personal more should take into full account the actual conditions of mooring steamer and actual stormy waves stream situation at that time, decision ballast situation.Therefrom about 1/4 ballast is all more moderate to various stormy waves stream situations as can be seen.
Respectively the different ballast water yields of 100,000 tons of bulge carriers and 300,000 tons of oil carriers are tabulated the different ballast amounts of analytical investigation to the boats and ships effects of load with drinking water.
1) 100,000 tons of bulge carriers
The different ballast water yields of ten thousand tons of bulge carriers of table 110 and drinking water relation table
1/2 ballast 1/3 ballast 1/4 ballast 1/5 ballast
Displacement (t) 70000 53300 45000 40000
Mean Draft (m) (m) 8.02 6.28 5.37 4.83
Draft difference -0.5 -1.5 -2.5 -3.5
The centre of form is apart from the stem distance 123.0 123.8 124.1 124.3
The centre of form is apart from the waterline distance 0.649 0.725 0.765 0.788
2) 300,000 tons of oil carriers
The different ballast water yields of ten thousand tons of oil carriers of table 230 and drinking water relation table
1/2 ballast 1/3 ballast 1/4 ballast 1/5 ballast
Displacement (t) 190000 140000 115000 100000
Mean Draft (m) (m) 13.55 10.39 8.75 7.75
Draft difference -0.5 -1.5 -2.5 -3.5
The centre of form is apart from the stem distance 154.3 154.9 155.2 155.4
The centre of form is apart from the waterline distance 0.63 0.73 0.78 0.80

Claims (3)

1. super large marine Single Buoy Mooring (SBM) force analysis method under the stormy waves coupling, it is characterized in that: make up single point mooring (SPM) and two point mooring math modeling, according to design conditions such as design wind speed, design current velocity, design wave and design types, in mooring system, under the various design conditions combinations, analyze the possible state of kinematic motion of boats and ships; And definite boats and ships act on aboard ship wind loading, flow force, wave force and the mooring force of being obtained by its combination and corresponding anchor chain under the least favorable state; By the actual measurement of anchor chain power, compare with math modeling, determine the science and the reasonableness of single point mooring (SPM) and two point mooring calculated with mathematical model.
2. force analysis method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described math modeling determine wind to hull application force, stream to effect, seabed application force, boats and ships mooring force, ship collision force and the impact load of hull application force, wave force.
3. force analysis method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described single point mooring (SPM) and two point mooring mode mainly are made up of floating drum, anchor chain and anchorage, and single point mooring (SPM) and two point mooring math modeling relate to following basic mechanical model: distinguished and admirable application force of boats and ships and mooring force model; The vertical stress model of floating drum; The horizontal restoring force model of floating drum; The anchorage stress model.
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CN110356505A (en) * 2019-06-24 2019-10-22 杭州电子科技大学 A kind of design method of anchoring system
CN110304200A (en) * 2019-07-16 2019-10-08 上海船舶研究设计院(中国船舶工业集团公司第六0四研究院) 3 anchoring systems and analysis method for phytal zone ship's fix operation
CN111159813A (en) * 2019-12-18 2020-05-15 智慧航海(青岛)科技有限公司 Simulation-based flow-solid coupling analysis method and system for ship slamming on wave
CN111806648A (en) * 2020-07-14 2020-10-23 大连海事大学 Correction method for weight measurement error of anchor chain tension water-sensitive gauge
CN111806648B (en) * 2020-07-14 2022-04-12 大连海事大学 Correction method for weight measurement error of anchor chain tension water-sensitive gauge
CN112758279A (en) * 2021-01-22 2021-05-07 中海油能源发展股份有限公司存续 FPSO (floating production storage and offloading) single-point mooring system stress abnormity diagnosis method
CN112758279B (en) * 2021-01-22 2022-07-15 中海油能源发展股份有限公司存续 FPSO (floating production storage and offloading) single-point mooring system stress abnormity diagnosis method
CN116296018A (en) * 2023-05-11 2023-06-23 中海油能源发展股份有限公司采油服务分公司 Real-time mooring force monitoring system and method for deep-water inner-rotation tower type single point
CN116341424A (en) * 2023-05-30 2023-06-27 交通运输部天津水运工程科学研究所 Comprehensive calculation method for water flow force acting on ship
CN116341424B (en) * 2023-05-30 2023-08-15 交通运输部天津水运工程科学研究所 Comprehensive calculation method for water flow force acting on ship
CN116629166A (en) * 2023-07-26 2023-08-22 山东大学 Cable tension determining method, layout design method, equipment and medium for anchorage system
CN116629166B (en) * 2023-07-26 2023-11-03 山东大学 Cable tension determining method, layout design method, equipment and medium for anchorage system

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Application publication date: 20110615