CN102088753A - Alternate hole routing method of Internet of Things (IOT) for guaranteeing service quality - Google Patents
Alternate hole routing method of Internet of Things (IOT) for guaranteeing service quality Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an alternate hole routing method of Internet of Things (IOT) for guaranteeing service quality. The method mainly comprises the following steps: selecting destination sink nodes of the IOT; carrying out hole boundary detection and modeling; and broadcasting coverage hole information. The method has the advantages of greatly reduced control overhead of an IOT system on the premise of guaranteeing the service quality, less computation cost, high efficiency and effectively prolonged network life.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the radio sensing network technical field, relate to the circuitous empty method for routing of a kind of Internet of Things that ensures service quality.
Background technology
Internet of Things is called as the science and technology and economic tide again of after the Internet global information industry, is subjected to the great attention of national governments, enterprise and academia, the U.S., European Union, Japan etc. even include it in country and area information strategy.Internet of Things can detect collaboratively in real time, tracking and collection network are laid various environment in the zone or the information of monitoring target, and to these information work in coordination with, fusion treatment, obtain conclusion comparatively accurately, be sent to the user then.
In Internet of Things is used, no matter be planar network, hierarchical network, heterogeneous network or homogeneous network, the cavitation ubiquity.In actual field studies scene, a large amount of cheap sensing nodes dispense at random by modes such as airplane air dropping, cannon emissions, can't guarantee and use closely-related intra-zone and affix one's name to the sufficient amount node, occur the cavity easily; In the marsh, special geographical environment such as lake, high mountain, pool, because of itself being not suitable for disposing sensing node, easily form natural cavity; Monitor in real time in the class application in forest fire, accidents such as fire easily cause the damage of node physics, form the cavity; In Military Application, even lay node in the sensitizing range, important sensing data still must be walked around the sensitizing range and be transferred to Sink, and the sensitizing range becomes the cavity; In Internet of Things was used, because route do not optimize and cause some node energy consumption excessive, effective makeup energy caused these node premature failure to form the cavity in addition; In addition, Internet of Things " many-one " data traffic model feature makes very easily to occur other nodes of locations height of energy loss-rate of the node Sink near around it empty.This shows that the network cavity very easily appears in the Internet of Things in complex environment, causes structure unbalanced.Therefore, active and effective processing is furtherd investigate and taked to empty problem is the key that keeps network performance.
In Internet of Things is used, the collection sensing data need combine just with positional information and be of practical significance, in Internet of Things, has the applications well prerequisite based on the geographical position route, node routing simultaneously only needs neighbor node and Sink(destination node) information, and not needing other global information, extensibility is strong, therefore, it is very suitable to be applied to that node is limited in one's ability, dormancy dispatching etc. causes the Internet of Things field of network topology acute variation, is one of Internet of Things research hot issue.Wherein, the own positional information of sensing node can obtain by GPS or various location algorithm, the Sink position can by Sink once flood or location-based service is obtained, exemplary position service algorithm has TTDD, GLS, k-IRS etc.
For solving circuitous empty problem, the researcher proposes to be called a class algorithm of face Routing Protocol, being that node in the network is set up a plane connected graph according to the connection situation, can be a RNG(Relative Neighborhood Graphic) or GG (Gabriel Graphic) figure.Algorithm is mapped to planar graph with the network topology connection status, and when packet arrived the route cavity, this node was transmitted grouping according to right-hand rule along the circumference of a plane graph that contains this area, cavity, up to arriving destination node or walking around hole region.Owing to need to calculate and stores planogram information this algorithm more complicated.Another strategy that solves empty problem is kept out of the way strategy, gives the father node of oneself with the packet loopback, and simultaneously, notifying father node oneself with mode incidentally is the empty node that is positioned on the path of leading to this Sink.Father node is deleted this child node after receiving the packet that loopback comes in the proprietary neighbours' collection of this Sink, choose the another one next-hop node then in proprietary neighbours' collection.If after deleting this child node, father node also becomes route cavity node, and he will continue execution and keep out of the way step so.
These circuitous empty methods exist can not carry out perception to route cavity shape, the data forwarding tool bears the character of much blindness, and forward-path is long more a lot of than optimal path sometimes, causes data transmission delay to increase greatly, the border, cavity is congested, further causes the cavity to enlarge and promptly produces empty diffusion phenomena.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide the circuitous empty method for routing of a kind of Internet of Things that ensures service quality, this method reduces the transfer of data average delay, and expense is little, the efficient height.
What the present invention will solve is the problem in the circuitous cavity of Internet of Things, to improve real-time and reliability.
For realizing purpose of the present invention, the present invention adopts following technical scheme.
The circuitous empty method for routing of a kind of Internet of Things that ensures service quality of the present invention may further comprise the steps:
Step 1, whether sensing node is the empty node of possible according to the TENT rule judgment, if not, waits for that the sensing node perception data sends execution in step six;
Step 2 is if empty node is carried out a certain empty searching algorithm; The specific implementation process of described step 2 is:
Behind A1, the sensing node electrifying startup, the cavity node sends and detects bag (Hole Boundary Detection, HBD), by the TENT mechanism of " right-hand rule " and researchers such as Qing Fang proposition in 2004, in neighbor node, seek next-hop node and send.
A2, neighbor node are received the HBD bag, with the positional information adding HBD bag of oneself, seek next-hop node by " right-hand rule " and send;
A3, repetition A1, A2 are up to getting back to initial empty sensing node.
Above-mentioned " right-hand rule " is meant after packet arrives this node, is the summit with this node, and along article one link on a last hop node and this node composition ray counter clockwise direction, the node of this link correspondence is the next-hop node of this packet.
Above-mentioned TENT mechanism is meant according to neighbor node and receives nodal information on the data, selects the algorithm of next-hop node.
Step 3 according to obtaining empty boundary point information, is modeled as the regular shape of a covering " cavity " with irregular shape cavity, comprises circle; The present invention will describe with regular toroidal.Toroidal is described as the center of circle (barycenter of regular shape) and radius of circle is represented.
Step 4, send HD(Hole Dissemination) controlling packet, the regular shape information that diffusion covers " cavity " determining section scope zone in the network, the regional extent size is big or small relevant with the cavity;
The implementation procedure of above-mentioned steps five is: after described sensing node is received HD order bag, judge at first whether self node handled described HD order bag after, if then stop forwarding described HD order bag; Otherwise judge whether self node is in the scope of described empty influence area, and if do not contain this cavity information, then continue to transmit described HD order bag, otherwise abandon described HD order bag.
Step 6, purpose Sink selects, the perception data node calculates the distance of Sink, if run into the cavity to the Sink node, then limit according to service quality such as time delay, sensing node dynamically changes the empty radius of circle of covering, intersection point with sensing node and this Sink node circle tangent line, selection is than the interim destination node of intersection point conduct of short path length, then this is than the path of short path length conduct to this Sink, select nearest Sink as purpose Sink, the place of execution line of reasoning selects next-hop node to send by a certain forwarding strategy;
Step 7 receives back end, carries out a certain forwarding strategy, selects next-hop node to send, if empty, execution in step two, otherwise, sending data to next-hop node, repeating step seven is up to being transferred to purpose Sink.
Described HBD order comprises the Sink node address that meets with the cavity, the source address of initiating the HBD bag and positional information, life cycle.
Described HD order comprises Sink node address, broadcasting ID, source address, covering cavity regular shape information (as the radius of circle and the center of circle), control band jumping figure/distance, the life cycle that meets with the cavity.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is: when making a circulation the cavity in the method for the invention, because of knowing empty global information, when sending, data can send immediately, avoid the blindness in the data forwarding, significantly reduced the control expense of Internet of things system, shorten the transfer of data average delay, effectively prolong network life.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the process chart of sensing node among the present invention to the HBD frame that receives.
Fig. 2 sends the schematic flow sheet of HD frame for sensing node among the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the schematic flow sheet of node transmission data among the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the form schematic diagram of HBD frame among the present invention.
Fig. 5 is the form schematic diagram of HD frame among the present invention.
Fig. 6 for circuitous cavity among the present invention to the Sink circuitous path select schematic diagram (
A certain sensing node n j
Circuitous cavity is to Sink
S
i
Schematic diagram).
Embodiment
The present invention is directed to the characteristics in the circuitous cavity of Internet of Things, propose the circuitous empty method for routing of a kind of Internet of Things that ensures service quality.
The main thought of circuitous empty method for routing of the present invention is: sensing node is according to being transferred to Sink node situation, and self adaptation is regulated the path of transfer of data to purpose Sink node.
The present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with drawings and the specific embodiments.
Embodiment one
Present embodiment provides a kind of Internet of Things that ensures service quality empty method for routing that makes a circulation, and this method is based on that nearest Sink strategy realizes, mainly comprises following two parts content:
One, nearest Sink node selecting method:
1), during initialization, sensing node calculates Sink node path length, if to Sink node process cavity, then limit according to service quality such as time delay, sensing node dynamically changes and covers empty radius of circle, with the intersection point of sensing node and this Sink node circle tangent line, selects intersection point than short path length as interim destination node, then this is than the path of short path length conduct to this Sink, and concrete schematic diagram as shown in Figure 6;
2), sensing node is selected the purpose Sink node of the aggregation node of jumping figure minimum as transfer of data;
3), to select next-hop node, forwarding strategy be energy consumption situation according to self some father node to the sensing node forwarding strategy, selects the slowest father node of energy consumption speed as next-hop node.
Two, empty modeling method:
1), (Hole Boundary Detection HBD), presses the TENT mechanism of " right-hand rule " and researchers such as Qing Fang proposition in 2004 to empty node transmission detection bag, searching next-hop node transmission in neighbor node.
2), neighbor node receives HBD bag, and own positional information is added the HBD bag, seeks the next-hop node transmission by " right-hand rule ".
3), repeat 1), 2), up to getting back to initial empty sensing node.
According to obtaining empty boundary point information, irregular shape cavity is modeled as the regular shape of a covering " cavity ", as circle, regular toroidal adopts the center of circle and radius of circle to describe.
Embodiment two
Present embodiment is an example with following supposing the system, describes the specific implementation process of the circuitous empty method for routing of the Internet of Things that ensures service quality of the present invention in detail.
The at first supposition that meets the following conditions of system:
1, have M Sink node (M 〉=1) in the network, intercom mutually by wired or other wireless channels between the Sink node, whether monitoring Sink node lost efficacy;
2, be laid with N sensing node in the network, and N sensing node have identical primary power, N sensing node obtains the Sink node location information by mode such as once flood;
3, the whole aggregation nodes in the network have identical wireless coverage radius with sensing node, and channel is symmetrical.
The specific implementation process of the method for the invention is:
With reference to Fig. 1, sensing node receives the processing of HBD frame, and its frame format is as figure
The adjusting flow process is as follows:
The S1-1 node receives the HBD frame;
S1-2; Sensing node judges that whether oneself is the node of initiating HBD, as not, carries out S1-3, otherwise carries out S1-5;
S1-3 is according to right-hand rule and TENT rule, the next-hop node address of computing node sensing node, and this node location information added in the HBD frame, send the HBD frame;
S1-4 repeats S1-1 to S1-4;
S1-5 calculates the best cover up rule shape that covers the cavity, and calculates empty coverage according to receiving the HBD content frame, forms HD frame broadcast transmission.
[processing of HD frame]
With reference to Fig. 2, the handling process of HD frame is:
The S2-1 sensing node is received the HD frame;
The S2-2 sensing node judges whether oneself handled this frame, if change S2-6, otherwise changes S2-3;
The S2-3 sensing node is judged oneself whether in the coverage in this frame cavity, if change S2-4, otherwise changes S2-6;
S2-4 judges whether sensing node has the identical empty information to this purpose Sink, if having, changes S2-6, otherwise changes S2-5;
The S2-5 record is transferred to the empty information of this purpose Sink, and TTL life cycle of this HD frame subtracts one, whether judges life cycle greater than zero, if greater than zero, broadcast this HD frame, otherwise carries out S2-6;
S2-6 abandons the HD frame.
[transmission courses of data]
With reference to Fig. 3, data source nodes is according to receiving the distance of this node to the Sink node, the nearest Sink(NS of chosen distance) strategy is as the purpose Sink node of transfer of data, if select purpose Sink to enter the cavity, then calculate the source and the destination node point of intersection of tangents, select the short intersection point of path as interim purpose Sink node, the intermediate data handling process is:
The S3-1 sensing node is received data;
S3-2 sensing node judgment data transmission mode if be transferred to purpose Sink pattern, is then carried out S3-5, otherwise carries out S3-3;
The S3-3 decision node to destination locations distance whether less than
R(
RBe the function of communications distance, relevant according to the network layout density), if carry out S3-4, otherwise carry out S3-5;
Whether the interim destination locations information of S3-4 decision node is empty, if empty, changes node transmission mode into the purpose Sink pattern that is transferred to, and carry out S3-5, otherwise the data destination locations is revised as next intermediate position information, carries out S3-6;
S3-5 judges whether this node is transfer of data purpose Sink node, if not, carries out S3-6, otherwise DTD;
S3-6 is according to forwarding strategy, and the next-hop node that calculated data is transmitted sends data.
Characteristics of the present invention are: sensing node energy, computing capability that the present invention is directed to Internet of Things etc. is limited, at random intensive laying of node, aggregation node be than the resourceful characteristics of sensing node, classical circuitous empty method, blindly keep away hole and empty diffusion problem, under the prerequisite that ensures service quality, effectively prolong the network system life-span, improve the extensibility of network. Extensive Internet of Things is used, pass through the method for the invention, the circuitous cavity of data is by being transferred to interim intermediate node and being transferred to two kinds of transmission modes of purpose Sink, and the sensing node perception data can one be jumped or multi-hop arrives after changing destination node, Zhongdao purpose Sink.
Claims (8)
1. circuitous empty method for routing of the Internet of Things that ensures service quality is characterized in that described method for routing may further comprise the steps:
Step 1, whether sensing node is the empty node of possible according to the TENT rule judgment, if not, waits for that the sensing node perception data sends execution in step six;
Step 2 is if empty node is carried out a certain empty searching algorithm;
Step 3 according to obtaining empty boundary point information, is modeled as the regular shape of a covering " cavity " with irregular shape cavity, comprises circle;
Step 4, send the HD controlling packet, the regular shape information that diffusion covers " cavity " determining section scope zone in the network, the regional extent size is big or small relevant with the cavity;
Step 5, the sensing node that receives described HD order bag is resolved the content that HD orders bag, and obtaining needs perception cavity information, and according to described perception cavity information, is provided with or renewal sensing node data transfer path information;
Step 6, purpose Sink selects, the perception data node calculates the distance of Sink, if run into the cavity to certain Sink node, then limit according to service quality such as time delay, sensing node dynamically changes the empty radius of circle of covering, intersection point with sensing node and this Sink node circle tangent line, selection is than the interim destination node of intersection point conduct of short path length, then this is than the path of short path length conduct to this Sink, select nearest Sink as purpose Sink, the place of execution line of reasoning selects next-hop node to send by a certain forwarding strategy.
2. a kind of Internet of Things that ensures service quality according to claim 1 empty method for routing that makes a circulation is characterized in that the specific implementation process of described step 2 is:
Behind A1, the sensing node electrifying startup, empty node sends and detects bag HBD, by " right-hand rule " and TENT mechanism, seeks next-hop node and send in neighbor node;
A2, neighbor node are received the HBD bag, with the positional information adding detection HBD bag of oneself, seek next-hop node by " right-hand rule " and send;
A3, repetition A1, A2 are up to getting back to initial empty sensing node.
3. a kind of Internet of Things that ensures service quality according to claim 2 empty method for routing that makes a circulation, it is characterized in that " right-hand rule " is meant after packet arrives this node, with this node is the summit, along article one link on a last hop node and this node composition ray counter clockwise direction, the node of this link correspondence is the next-hop node of this packet.
4. a kind of Internet of Things that ensures service quality according to claim 2 empty method for routing that makes a circulation is characterized in that TENT mechanism is meant according to neighbor node and receives nodal information on the data, selects the algorithm of next-hop node.
5. a kind of Internet of Things that ensures service quality according to claim 1 empty method for routing that makes a circulation, it is characterized in that in the step 3, described basis obtains empty boundary point information, and irregular shape cavity is modeled as the regular shape of a covering " cavity ", comprises circle.
6. a kind of Internet of Things that ensures service quality according to claim 1 empty method for routing that makes a circulation, the implementation procedure that it is characterized in that step 5 is: after described sensing node is received HD order bag, after judging at first whether self node handled described HD order bag, if then stop forwarding described HD order bag; Otherwise judge whether self node is in the scope of described empty influence area, and if do not contain this cavity information, then continue to transmit described HD order bag, otherwise abandon described HD order bag.
7. a kind of Internet of Things that ensures service quality according to claim 1 empty method for routing that makes a circulation is characterized in that described HBD order comprises the Sink node address that meets with the cavity, initiates source address that HBD wraps and positional information, life cycle.
8. a kind of Internet of Things that ensures service quality according to claim 1 empty method for routing that makes a circulation is characterized in that described HD order comprises the Sink node address, broadcasting ID, source address, the covering cavity regular shape information that meet with the cavity, regulates jumping figure/distance, life cycle.
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN102724681A (en) * | 2012-06-27 | 2012-10-10 | 东北大学 | Sensor network coverage hole detection method combining with energy efficiency |
| CN103297339A (en) * | 2013-06-28 | 2013-09-11 | 河海大学常州校区 | Spatial region division based routing method in underwater sensor network |
| CN103702381A (en) * | 2012-09-28 | 2014-04-02 | 山东大学（威海） | Routing void processing method for wireless sensor network |
| CN103747498A (en) * | 2014-01-17 | 2014-04-23 | 华北电力大学 | Direction angle-based wireless sensor network routing void optimization method |
| CN105049356A (en) * | 2015-06-17 | 2015-11-11 | 中国科学院上海微系统与信息技术研究所 | Data multi-hop routing acquisition method based on quality of service in monitoring network |
| CN112188582A (en) * | 2020-09-07 | 2021-01-05 | 浙江工业大学 | Lattice network reliable routing method based on physical perception information |
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Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102724681A (en) * | 2012-06-27 | 2012-10-10 | 东北大学 | Sensor network coverage hole detection method combining with energy efficiency |
| CN102724681B (en) * | 2012-06-27 | 2014-09-03 | 东北大学 | Sensor network coverage hole detection method combining with energy efficiency |
| CN103702381A (en) * | 2012-09-28 | 2014-04-02 | 山东大学（威海） | Routing void processing method for wireless sensor network |
| CN103297339A (en) * | 2013-06-28 | 2013-09-11 | 河海大学常州校区 | Spatial region division based routing method in underwater sensor network |
| CN103747498A (en) * | 2014-01-17 | 2014-04-23 | 华北电力大学 | Direction angle-based wireless sensor network routing void optimization method |
| CN103747498B (en) * | 2014-01-17 | 2017-04-12 | 华北电力大学 | Direction angle-based wireless sensor network routing void optimization method |
| CN105049356A (en) * | 2015-06-17 | 2015-11-11 | 中国科学院上海微系统与信息技术研究所 | Data multi-hop routing acquisition method based on quality of service in monitoring network |
| CN105049356B (en) * | 2015-06-17 | 2018-03-30 | 中国科学院上海微系统与信息技术研究所 | Monitor the data multihop routing acquisition method based on QoS in network |
| CN112188582A (en) * | 2020-09-07 | 2021-01-05 | 浙江工业大学 | Lattice network reliable routing method based on physical perception information |
| CN112188582B (en) * | 2020-09-07 | 2022-07-26 | 浙江工业大学 | Lattice network reliable routing method based on physical perception information |
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Application publication date: 20110608 |