CN102077076B - Method for estimating amount of dustfall, device for estimating amount of dustfall, and program for estimating amount of dustfall - Google Patents

Abstract

A method for estimating the amount of dustfall comprising a wind direction/wind velocity information input step for acquiring the time series values of wind direction and wind velocity during a predetermined period, dividing the ranges of wind direction and wind velocity, respectively, into m and n sub-ranges, setting a representative wind velocity value for every sub-range of wind velocity, making an m*n matrix of the wind direction/wind velocity frequency distribution by determining the frequency of time series measurements included in each division range during the predetermined period, and setting the representative wind velocity value and the wind direction/wind velocity frequency distribution as wind direction/wind velocity information; a dust source information input step for inputting information about a dust source; a concentration of dust calculation step for calculating the concentration (c) of dust at an arbitrary coordinate point using the wind direction/wind velocity information and the information about a dust source; and a dustfall calculation step for calculating the amount of dustfall at an arbitrary point, according to the concentration (c) of dust.

Description

Method for estimating amount of dustfall, whereabouts Dust Capacity estimating unit

Technical field

The present invention relates to estimation method, device and the computer program of whereabouts Dust Capacity of the result of calculation of a kind of advection based on dust in atmosphere, dispersal behavior.

No. 2008-172501, the Patent that the application proposed in Japan based on July 1st, 2008 is also advocated its right of priority, and with its content quotation in this.

Background technology

The behavior of dispersing that calculating causes because of wind from the powder dust particle of the dust generating sources such as chimney (generating source of dust, coal dust) of factory discharging is also inferred the whereabouts Dust Capacity, this estimate the whereabouts dust on the local resident bring affect the time be extremely important.

In non-patent literature 1, method below having proposed, suppose that namely the whereabouts Dust Capacity depends on the one-dimensional distance in dust generating source and setting point, be distributed as input value with the generation speed of the distance between dust generating source and setting point, dust, the size-grade distribution of dust and the frequency that the density of dust, effective dust occur between height and wind direction and wind speed, carrying out following formula (4) calculates, the result of calculation of formula (4) be multiply by the frequency distribution of wind direction and wind velocity, infer the whereabouts Dust Capacity.

In addition, a kind of device and method (referring to patent documentation 1) of inferring the whereabouts Dust Capacity according to empirical formula or empirical formula has also been proposed.

$C\left(x\right)=0.032\frac{Q}{{\mathrm{He}}^2}\frac{{\left(\frac{20\mathrm{He}}{x}\right)}^{\frac{20w}{u}+2}}{\mathrm{\Γ}\left(\frac{20w}{u}\right)}\exp \left(\frac{-20\mathrm{He}}{x}\right)---\left(14\right)$

Q represents dust generation intensity (the generation speed of dust), He represents that height occurs effective dust, w represents the final settlement speed by the particle diameter decision, x represents the leeward distance in dust generating source and setting point, u represents wind speed, Γ represents gamma function, and C (x) represents the whereabouts Dust Capacity.

On the other hand, when the density that can regard disperse material and conveying gas as is identical, a kind of Gaussian plume models (Gaussian plume model) of 3 dimensions have been proposed.In this case, can utilize following formula (5) to calculate the material concentration of dispersing (referring to non-patent literature 2) on any locus (x, y, z).

$c(x,y,z)=\frac{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="Q"\; filenames="HDA0000040834470000021.png,HDA0000040834470000051.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">Q</figure-callout>}}{2\mathrm{\&pi;}{\mathrm{\&sigma;}}_y{\mathrm{\&sigma;}}_z}\{\exp (-\frac{{(z-H_e)}^2}{{{2\mathrm{\&sigma;}}_z}^2})+\exp (-\frac{{(z+H_e)}^2}{{{2\mathrm{\&sigma;}}_z}^2})\}\&CenterDot;\exp (-\frac{\left({y-y}_0\right)}{{{2\mathrm{\&sigma;}}_y}^2})---\left(5\right)$

X represents the arbitrfary point of dust generating source on the coordinate axis (x axle) of leeward, y represents and the arbitrfary point of x axle on the coordinate axis that intersects vertically on horizontal plane (y axle), z represents with respect to the arbitrfary point of the horizontal plane that is formed by x axle and y axle on the coordinate axis (z axle) of vertical, c (x, y, z) expression arbitrary coordinate point (x, y, z) on dust concentration, u represents wind speed, Q represents dust generation intensity, σ _y, σ _zRepresent respectively y axle, the axial diffusion that can see cigarette of z, He represents that height occurs for effective dust, and y0 represents the coordinate points on y axle that the dust generating source exists.The coordinate points of establishing on the x axle that the dust generating source exists in addition, is 0.

The prior art document:

Patent documentation:

Patent documentation 1: the JP 2005-128691 of Japan communique

Non-patent literature:

Non-patent literature 1:C.H.Bosanquet et al., Proc Inst Mech Engrs, Vol.162, p355 (1950)

Non-patent literature 2: Wind mood resemble, and are delicate and pretty in bamboo, and the Tokyo University publishes

Non-patent literature 3: chemical engineering Bian list changes Order four editions

Non-patent literature 4:Briggs G.A.Plume rise, U.S.AEC (1969)

Brief summary of the invention

The technical matters that invention will solve

But, in the disclosed estimation method of non-patent literature 1, suppose that the whereabouts Dust Capacity depends on the one-dimensional distance of the leeward between dust generating source and setting point.Therefore, as shown in Figure 1, for a setting point, when the density of the size-grade distribution of the distance that has dust generating source and setting point, dust generation intensity, dust and dust, and effective dust when the dust generating source 1 that highly all equates and dust generating source 2 occur, be speculated as dust generating source 1 identical with the impact of dust generating source 2.But in fact powder dust particle carries out DIFFUSION IN TURBULENCE by 3 dimension directions.Therefore, existence can't be described the true such problem that becomes larger than dust generating source 1 from the impact of the dust generating source 2 of the near distance in setting point.In addition, formula (4) is the empirical formula that Bosanquet delivered in nineteen fifty, so the precision of formula depends on the experimental situation when deriving empirical formula, has the such problem of ubiquity shortcoming precision.

On the other hand, in the disclosed estimation method of non-patent literature 2, need to disperse material and the identical such hypothesis of density of carrying gas.In the situation that powder dust particle does not satisfy this hypothesis, so this estimation method can't precision be inferred the behavior of powder dust particle well.

Summary of the invention

The present invention makes in view of the above problems, and its purpose is, the method for provide a kind of and compare with empirical formula in the past, principle principle ground that can faithful to actual phenomenon carrying out correct supposition.

In order to solve above-mentioned problem, the means below each mode of the present invention has adopted.

(1) the present invention is a kind of method for estimating amount of dustfall, it is characterized by, possess: wind direction and wind velocity input information operation, obtain interior sequential variable specified time limit of wind direction and wind speed, take above-mentioned sequential variable as basis, the scope of wind direction and wind speed is divided into respectively m, cut apart scope for n, each above-mentioned scope of cutting apart by wind speed is come the wind speed setting typical value, frequency in asking for during each above-mentioned afore mentioned rules of cutting apart the above-mentioned sequential variable that comprises in scope, thus, the wind direction and wind velocity frequency of making m * n matrix distributes, above-mentioned wind speed typical value and above-mentioned wind direction and wind velocity frequency are distributed as wind direction and wind velocity information, dust generating source input information operation, the information of the dust generating source of input dust, dust concentration is calculated operation, uses the information of above-mentioned wind direction and wind velocity information and above-mentioned dust generating source, calculates the dust concentration c on arbitrary coordinate point, and whereabouts Dust Capacity calculation process, according to above-mentioned dust concentration c, calculate the whereabouts Dust Capacity on arbitrarily lower pick-up point.

(2) in above-mentioned (1) described method for estimating amount of dustfall, above-mentioned dust concentration is calculated operation also can also calculate dust concentration c with the reflectivity β on the earth's surface of above-mentioned dust.

(3) in above-mentioned (2) described method for estimating amount of dustfall, in above-mentioned dust generating source input information operation, can input the density of the coordinate on 3 dimension spaces of above-mentioned dust generating source, the dust generation intensity Q of above-mentioned dust generating source, the particle diameter of above-mentioned dust, above-mentioned dust and from the effective dust generation of above-mentioned dust generating source height H e.

(4) in above-mentioned (3) described method for estimating amount of dustfall, above-mentioned dust concentration is calculated operation and can be utilized formula (1) to calculate the dust concentration c (x, y, z) of the point (x, y, z) on 3 dimension coordinate axles,

$c(x,y,z)=\frac{\mathrm{uQ}}{4\mathrm{\&pi;}\sqrt{K_y{K}_z}x}\&CenterDot;\{\exp (-\frac{u{(\mathrm{He}-\frac{\mathrm{wx}}{u}-z)}^2}{4K_{z}x})+\exp (-\frac{u{(\mathrm{He}-\frac{\mathrm{wx}}{u}+z)}^2}{4K_{z}x}-\frac{\mathrm{wz}}{K_z})$

$+\frac{(2\mathrm{\&beta;}-1)w}{K_z}\exp (-\frac{w(z-\mathrm{He})}{2K_z}-\frac{w^{2}x}{4K_{z}u})\left[\underset{0}{\overset{\&infin;}{\&Integral;}}\exp (\frac{(\mathrm{\&beta;}-\frac{1}{2})\mathrm{w\&xi;}}{K_z}-\frac{u{(z+\mathrm{He}+\mathrm{\&xi;})}^2}{4K_{z}x})\mathrm{d\&xi;}\right]\}$

$\&CenterDot;\exp (-\frac{u{\left({y-y}_0\right)}^2}{4K_{y}x})---\left(1\right)$

U is wind speed, K _y, K _zBe respectively y axle, the axial turbulent diffusivity of z, w is the final settlement speed of particle, and the x coordinate of above-mentioned dust generating source is 0, and the y coordinate of above-mentioned dust generating source is y0.

(5) in above-mentioned (2) described method for estimating amount of dustfall, above-mentioned whereabouts Dust Capacity calculation process can utilize formula (2) or formula (3) to calculate the whereabouts Dust Capacity,

C(x，y)＝w·c(x，y，z＝O) (2)

$C(x,y)=(1-\mathrm{\&beta;})\&CenterDot;K_z\&CenterDot;\frac{d}{\mathrm{dz}}c(x,y,z=0)---\left(3\right)$

C (x, y, z) is the dust concentration of the point (x, y, z) on 3 dimension coordinate axles, and C is the whereabouts Dust Capacity, K _zIt is the axial turbulent diffusivity of z.

(6) in addition, the present invention is a kind of whereabouts Dust Capacity estimating unit, it is characterized by, possess: the wind direction and wind velocity information input unit, obtain interior sequential variable specified time limit of wind direction and wind speed, take above-mentioned sequential variable as basis, the scope of wind direction and wind speed is divided into respectively m, cut apart scope for n, each above-mentioned scope of cutting apart by wind speed is come the wind speed setting typical value, frequency in asking for during each above-mentioned afore mentioned rules of cutting apart the above-mentioned sequential variable that comprises in scope, thus, the wind direction and wind velocity frequency of making m * n matrix distributes, above-mentioned wind speed typical value and above-mentioned wind direction and wind velocity frequency are distributed as wind direction and wind velocity information, dust generating source information input unit, the information of the dust generating source of input dust, dust concentration calculating section uses the information of above-mentioned wind direction and wind velocity information and above-mentioned dust generating source, calculates the dust concentration c on arbitrary coordinate point, and whereabouts Dust Capacity calculating part, according to above-mentioned dust concentration c, calculate the whereabouts Dust Capacity on arbitrarily lower pick-up point.

(7) in addition, the present invention is a kind of whereabouts Dust Capacity estimating program, it is characterized by, computing machine is carried out: wind direction and wind velocity input information step, obtain interior sequential variable specified time limit of wind direction and wind speed, take above-mentioned sequential variable as basis, the scope of wind direction and wind speed is divided into respectively m, cut apart scope for n, each above-mentioned scope of cutting apart by wind speed is come the wind speed setting typical value, frequency in asking for during each above-mentioned afore mentioned rules of cutting apart the above-mentioned sequential variable that comprises in scope, thus, the wind direction and wind velocity frequency of making m * n matrix distributes, above-mentioned wind speed typical value and above-mentioned wind direction and wind velocity frequency are distributed as wind direction and wind velocity information, dust generating source input information step, the information of the dust generating source of input dust, dust concentration is calculated step, uses the information of above-mentioned wind direction and wind velocity information and above-mentioned dust generating source, calculates the dust concentration c on arbitrary coordinate point, and whereabouts Dust Capacity calculation procedure, according to above-mentioned dust concentration c, calculate the whereabouts Dust Capacity on arbitrarily lower pick-up point.

(8) in addition, the present invention is a kind of recording medium of embodied on computer readable, has recorded above-mentioned (7) described program.

The invention effect

According to the invention of above-mentioned (1), can compare with empirical formula in the past, correctly infer to the principle principle of faithful to actual phenomenon the dust behavior.What thus, can carry out bringing the quantitative evaluation of impact to the urban district as the whereabouts Dust Capacity from the dust that the dust generating source occurs.And, the equipment design objective in the time of obtaining to estimate the most suitable scale of the dust generation braking measure equipment such as particle collector.Particularly, even if when the wind direction and wind velocity in the zone is inconsistent, also can correctly carry out the supposition of dust behavior according to the wind direction and wind velocity of surveying out.In addition, because the scope of cutting apart that wind direction and wind velocity is divided into certain number calculates, so can save calculated amount.Therefore, even for the system of complexity, calculate and also can realize, and can obtain significant estimation result.

According to the invention of above-mentioned (2), even if in the situation that the effect of the reflection on the earth's surface of the conditions such as particle diameter of foundation dust, above-mentioned dust and deposition can not be ignored, also can correctly carry out the supposition of dust behavior.

According to the invention of above-mentioned (3), when the detailed characteristics of dust generating source can be measured, can according to this characteristic, correctly carry out the supposition of dust behavior.

According to the invention of above-mentioned (4), can use the DIFFUSION IN TURBULENCE of 3 dimensions is model, according to the characteristic of the final settlement speed of the wind speed of measuring, turbulent diffusivity, powder dust particle etc., correctly carries out the supposition of dust behavior.

According to the invention of above-mentioned (5), even if in the situation that the particle diameter of dust is large, the high sedimentation that causes because of gravity of the density of dust can not be ignored, and also can correctly carry out the supposition of dust behavior.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the position relationship accompanying drawing used of explanation setting point and 2 dust generating sources.

Fig. 2 is explanation from the dust of the dust generating source behavior accompanying drawing used that disperses.

Fig. 3 is the 1st process flow diagram that calculates dust concentration and dropping coal dust quantity.

Fig. 4 is the 2nd process flow diagram that calculates dust concentration and dropping coal dust quantity.

Fig. 5 A is the diffusion accompanying drawing used that determines the cigarette produced by Pasquill-Gifford.

Fig. 5 B is the diffusion accompanying drawing used that determines the cigarette produced by Pasquill-Gifford.

Fig. 6 means the disperse accompanying drawing of CONCENTRATION DISTRIBUTION one example of the dust that adopts the related method of embodiment of the present invention to calculate.

Fig. 7 means and utilizes the disperse accompanying drawing of CONCENTRATION DISTRIBUTION one example of dust that Gaussian plume model calculates.

Fig. 8 means the accompanying drawing of dropping coal dust quantity distribution one example that the related method of employing embodiment of the present invention calculates.

Fig. 9 means the distribute accompanying drawing of an example of dropping coal dust concentration that the Bosanquet formula by non-patent literature 1 calculates.

Figure 10 means the accompanying drawing of measured value one example that is obtained by deposit gage (deposit gauge) of dropping coal dust quantity.

Figure 11 means the accompanying drawing of the apparatus structure summary that embodiment of the present invention is related.

Figure 12 means the accompanying drawing of the computer system hardware structure example that plays a role as dust concentration and dropping coal dust quantity estimating unit.

Embodiment

The present invention is according to the material balance of dust, ask in theory from the dust generating source to the setting point by the advection of the 3 dimension directions that cause because of wind, the behavior of dispersing that diffusion causes, and infer the whereabouts Dust Capacity.

Below, with reference to accompanying drawing, the preferred embodiment of the present invention is described.

In the present embodiment, as shown in Figure 2, as an example of dust generating source, consider dispersing from the powder dust particle of factory chimney.Powder dust particle axle ground centered by x axle that direction highly alee sets occurs the effective dust from He disperses.If the dust generating source is present on the position of x=0, and vertical is made as the z axle, the axle of the surface level that will intersect with the x axle is made as the y axle.

The concentration of the powder dust particle that will disperse from the dust generating source because of wind is made as c (x, y, z).About concentration c (x, y, z), material balance can be described with following formula (6).

$u\frac{\&PartialD;c}{\&PartialD;x}=K_y\frac{{\&PartialD;}^{2}c}{{\&PartialD;\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="y"\; filenames="HDA0000040834470000021.png,HDA0000040834470000051.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">y</figure-callout>}}^2}+K_z\frac{{\&PartialD;}^{2}c}{{\&PartialD;\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="z"\; filenames="HDA0000040834470000021.png,HDA0000040834470000051.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">z</figure-callout>}}^2}+w\frac{\&PartialD;c}{\&PartialD;z},$ x＞O，z＞O，-∞＜y＜∞ (6)

In formula (6), u represents wind speed, as described above, the x axle is set as the center of wind direction, and supposition wind only blows to the x direction of principal axis.The amount that expression powder dust particle in the 1st, the left side of formula (6) disperses because of the advection of wind.The amount that the 1st, the right of formula (6) expression powder dust particle disperses to the y direction of principal axis because of DIFFUSION IN TURBULENCE.The amount that the 2nd, the right of formula (6) expression powder dust particle disperses to the z direction of principal axis because of DIFFUSION IN TURBULENCE.The 3rd, the right of formula (6) expression powder dust particle is because of the amount of gravity sedimentation.Here, powder dust particle is less to the amount that the x direction of principal axis disperses than the advection because of wind to the amount that the x direction of principal axis disperses because of DIFFUSION IN TURBULENCE, can ignore so be assumed to.K _y, K _zRepresent respectively the axial turbulent diffusivity of y direction of principal axis and z.

Following formula (7) is the formula relevant with the boundary condition setting of powder dust particle in the dust generating source.Q δ (y-y _o, z-He) expression is from x=0, y=y _o, z=He the position, powder dust particle has occured with dust generation intensity Q.δ is the Delta function.Here, so-called Delta function refers to, and satisfies the Chao Seki number of real generalized function (Actual of formula (8) condition).Here, dust generation intensity Q can be asked for by devices such as low capacity sampling thiefs.

c(O，y，z)＝Q·δ(y-y ₀，z-He) (7)

δ(x)＝O，x≠O

${\&Integral;}_{-\&infin;}^{\&infin;}\mathrm{\&delta;}\left(x\right)\mathrm{dx}=1,$ x＝O (8)

Below formula (9) be with the earth's surface on the boundary condition of powder dust particle set relevant formula.β represents the reflectivity on the earth's surface of powder dust particle, represents to deposit fully with β=0, represents to reflect fully with β=1.β is the coefficient that depends on the powder dust particle size.In common calculating, because the powder dust particle major part of arrival point surface and deposition becomes calculating object, so even approximate also no problem with β=0.When wanting correctly to set the value of β, by the devices such as deposit gage measure generation speed from dust, effectively dust particle diameter that height and dust occur is distributed as the dropping coal dust quantity of the known dust generating sources such as chimney.And, set appropriate value by each particle diameter to β, so that the calculated value of whereabouts coal dust is corresponding to the measured value of whereabouts coal dust.

$(K_z\frac{\&PartialD;c}{\&PartialD;z}+\mathrm{\&beta;wc}){|}_{z=0}=0---\left(9\right)$

If resolve ground solution formula (6) on the basis of the boundary condition of formula (7) and formula (9), can derived expression (1).

$c(x,y,z)=\frac{\mathrm{uQ}}{4\mathrm{\&pi;}\sqrt{K_y{K}_z}x}\&CenterDot;\{\exp (-\frac{u{(\mathrm{He}-\frac{\mathrm{wx}}{u}-z)}^2}{4K_{z}x})+\exp (-\frac{u{(\mathrm{He}-\frac{\mathrm{wx}}{u}+z)}^2}{4K_{z}x}-\frac{\mathrm{wz}}{K_z})$

$+\frac{(2\mathrm{\&beta;}-1)w}{K_z}\exp (-\frac{w(z-\mathrm{He})}{2K_z}-\frac{w^{2}x}{4K_{z}u})\left[\underset{0}{\overset{\&infin;}{\&Integral;}}\exp (\frac{(\mathrm{\&beta;}-\frac{1}{2})\mathrm{w\&xi;}}{K_z}-\frac{u{(z+\mathrm{He}+\mathrm{\&xi;})}^2}{4K_{z}x})\mathrm{d\&xi;}\right]\}$

$\&CenterDot;\exp (-\frac{u{\left({y-y}_0\right)}^2}{4K_{y}x})---\left(1\right)$

Dropping coal dust quantity C (x on the setting point, y) can calculate by the following formula (2) after the final settlement speed w that calculated value be multiply by powder dust particle, above-mentioned calculated value is the arbitrary plane coordinate points (x of earth's surface z=0, y) upper dust concentration c (x, y, z=0) the value that is calculated by (9) formula.

C(x，y)＝w·c(x，y，z＝O) (2)

When dust fell with gravity in air, the gravity of dust and the result of buoyant equilibrium be, if passed through the time speed become fixing.Be referred to as final settlement speed, can calculate by formula (10).

$w=\frac{({\mathrm{\&rho;}}_s-{\mathrm{\&rho;}}_a)\&CenterDot;g\&CenterDot;{{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="d\; k"\; filenames="HDA0000040834470000021.png,HDA0000040834470000051.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">d</figure-callout>}}_k}^2}{18\&CenterDot;\mathrm{\&mu;}}.---\left(18\right)$

Here, ρ _sThe density of expression powder dust particle, ρ _aThe density of expression atmosphere, d _kExpression is equivalent to the diameter of the powder dust particle of particle diameter frequency k, and μ represents the viscosity coefficient of atmosphere.

In addition, for the dropping coal dust quantity C (x, y) on the setting point, can according to formula (9) calculate earth's surface z=0 the upper dust concentration c (x, y, z=0) of arbitrary plane coordinate points (x, y) the z differential value and with K _zFormula (3) after (1-β) multiplies each other calculates.

$C(x,y)=(1-\mathrm{\&beta;})\&CenterDot;K_z\&CenterDot;\frac{d}{\mathrm{dz}}c(x,y,z=0)---\left(3\right)$

Here, K _yExpression z axial turbulent diffusivity, β represent the reflectivity on the earth's surface of particle.

Below, for utilizing formula (1) and formula (2) to calculate an example of the step of dropping coal dust quantity, with reference to the process flow diagram of Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 on one side describe on one side.At first, the input step for wind speed, wind-force information describes.In the step S01 that begins most, the frequency that calculates wind direction, wind speed distributes.Wind direction during fixing, the variable of wind speed are categorized as m classification with wind direction, air speed data for wind direction as basis, are categorized as n classification for wind speed.Calculating belongs to the frequency b of data of the classification of wind speed i, wind direction j _ij, generate the matrix that the capable m of n is listed as.At this moment, regulate so that each key element of this matrix b _ijSummation reach 100%.

Usually, the classification of wind direction data can be calculated in the several orientation more than the orientation by 1, as long as set according to getable bearing data.Preferably, make it that to obtain system (Automated Meteorological Data Acquisition System) data corresponding with the automatic meteorological of weather bureau, adopt 16 orientation, be made as m=16.

The classification of air speed data can directly use the measured value of wind speed to calculate.Preferably, minimum windspeed during setting and the interval between maximum wind velocity are undertaken 4 or 5 by the classification of (gentle breeze, weak wind, normal wind, high wind) or (gentle breeze, weak wind, normal wind, high wind, superpower wind) etc. cut apart, as long as be made as n=4 or n=5.Although n also can calculate more than 6, calculate according to the difference of occasion and become loaded down with trivial details.In each wind speed range after cutting apart, the typical value of selected wind speed.When carrying out typical value selected, both can adopt the air speed value of Frequency maximum among the air speed data that belongs between each cut section, also can adopt the mean value that belongs to the air speed data between cut section.

In addition, aerovane and wind gage preferably are arranged on the position of the impact that is not subjected to the barriers such as Adjacent Buildings.Weather bureau also can use automatic meteorological to obtain weather bureau's observation data of system etc. with regard in nigh situation.

In addition, set in the same manner the metering of wind direction and wind speed with the computing interval of dropping coal dust quantity during.Then, determine the sampling period of wind speed, wind direction in during setting, in order to can determine the frequency distribution statistics amount of wind speed, wind direction.For example, in the occasion of m=16, n=4, set 1 month during the time, as long as take the wind speed, wind direction data of 1 hours period just enough.

In step S02, the initial value of whereabouts coal dust is set as zero.

Next, the input step of dust generation information is described.In step S03, the information of input dust generating source.Particularly, x-y coordinate (x=0, the y=y of input dust generating source ₀), chimney height H, dust generation intensity Q, powder dust particle diameter d, powder dust particle density p, exhaust air quantity W and exhaust wind speed V etc.

Next, the input step of whereabouts location information is described.In step S04, the information of pick-up point under input.Particularly, the coordinate (x, y) of the lower pick-up point of dropping coal dust quantity is inferred in input.

The order of the input step of the input step of the input step of above-mentioned wind direction, wind speed information, dust generation information and whereabouts location information input also has, no matter also can be changed.

Next, enter dust concentration shown in Figure 4 and calculate step S100.In this step, use the information of inputting in above steps, calculate the dust concentration on the setting point.

In step S05, with each frequency distribution b of wind direction and wind velocity _ijIn wind speed ui (representing air speed value) be defined as, the wind speed u that uses in the calculating of step afterwards.Wind speed u is used in following two calculating, and the one, utilize the effective dust of following formula (11) that the calculating of height occurs, the 2nd, utilize the dust concentration on the setting point of formula (1) to calculate.

In step S06, when dust is discharged with the temperature of projecting air by factory chimney etc., take the chimney height H, the exhaust air quantity W that are inputted in step S03 and exhaust wind speed V as basis, for example utilize formula (11) to calculate effective dust generation height H e.

He＝H+0.65×(H _t+H _m)

$H_t=\frac{4.77}{1+0.43\&times;\frac{u}{w}}\frac{Q_{e\_\mathrm{gas}}\&CenterDot;w}{u}$

$H_m=6.37\&times;g\&times;\frac{Q_{e\_\mathrm{gas}}\&CenterDot;\mathrm{\&Delta;T}}{u^3\&CenterDot;{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="T"\; filenames="HDA0000040834470000021.png,HDA0000040834470000031.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">T</figure-callout>}}_1}\&times;(\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="ln\; J"\; filenames="HDA0000040834470000021.png,HDA0000040834470000051.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">ln</figure-callout>}{J}^{}{}^2+1/J-2)---\left(11\right)$

$J=\frac{u^2}{{(Q_{e\_\mathrm{gas}}\&times;w)}^{0.5}}\&times;\{0.43\&times;{\left(\frac{T_1}{g\frac{\mathrm{d\&theta;}}{\mathrm{dz}}}\right)}^{0.5}-0.28\&times;\frac{w\&CenterDot;T_1}{g\&CenterDot;\mathrm{\&Delta;T}}\}+1$

Here, H represents chimney height, Q _{E_gas}The expression extraction flow, T ₁The expression atmospheric temperature, Δ T represents delivery temperature and T ₁Poor, g represents acceleration of gravity, d θ/dz represents the thermograde (usually using 0.03) of atmosphere, w represents the final settlement speed of particle, u represents wind speed.

On the other hand, when dust disperses because of wind, record the dust situation occurred by devices such as video cameras, the concentration identification by color also judges that dust is the height of Cmax, determines that height occurs dust.Be effective dust generation height H e with this dust generation height setting.

For the dust particle diameter, will put into the particle diameter apparatus for measuring distribution by the powder dust particle sample that the low capacity sampling thief gathers, the metering size-grade distribution.Take the size-grade distribution that measures as basis, use the definition of maximum frequency diameter etc., determine to represent particle diameter.

In addition, also can cut apart the measures range of particle diameter, the particle diameter that represents in each scope after cutting apart uses as the powder dust particle diameter.In this case, ask in advance the weight ratio of the powder dust particle in the particle diameter scope that is present in after cutting apart.Then, calculate frequency by each mean particle diameter and distribute, so that the summation of weight reaches 100%.Then, the dropping coal dust quantity of each mean particle diameter be multiply by the above-mentioned frequency that calculates by each mean particle diameter distribute, ask for the total amount of dropping coal dust quantity.The particle diameter apparatus for measuring distribution has the method for sedimentation, light transmission formula etc.(for example referring to non-patent literature 4).

In step S07, take the particle diameter d of the powder dust particle inputted in step S03, density p as basis, utilize above-mentioned formula (10) to calculate final settlement speed w.

In step S08, determine turbulent diffusivity K _y, K _zK _yAnd K _zWith shown in Fig. 5 A, 5B by Pasquill-Gifford on the grassland of the U.S. enterprising line trace experiment and the diffusion σ of the cigarette that observes _y, σ _zExperiment value be basis, set the value that converses based on following formula (12).(for example referring to non-patent literature 4)

$K_y=\frac{{{u\&CenterDot;\mathrm{\&sigma;}}_{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="y"\; filenames="HDA0000040834470000021.png,HDA0000040834470000051.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">y</figure-callout>}}}^2}{2x},$ $K_z=\frac{{{u\&CenterDot;\mathrm{\&sigma;}}_{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="z"\; filenames="HDA0000040834470000021.png,HDA0000040834470000051.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">z</figure-callout>}}}^2}{2x}---\left(12\right)$

Here, symbol A, the B of Fig. 5 A, 5B, C, D, E, F represent atmospheric stability, and A, B, C, D, E, F are equivalent to respectively very unstable, unstable, unstable, neutral, stable, highly stable a little state.Atmospheric stability is related to turbulent diffusivity K _y, K _zSize, according to Fig. 5 A, 5B, along with atmospheric stability becomes stable, turbulent diffusivity K _y, K _zReduce.In step S09, input reflection rate β.

In step S010, by above-mentioned (1) formula, the coordinate position (x, y) that calculates the setting point of z=0 is gone up the concentration c (x, y, z=0) of powder dust particle.

Next, enter dropping coal dust quantity calculation procedure S200.In step S011, the final settlement speed w of the concentration c (x, y, z=0) of the powder dust particle that use calculates in step S010 and the powder dust particle that calculates in step S07 calculates the dropping coal dust quantity by above-mentioned formula (2).This dropping coal dust quantity is defined as Δ C (x, y).

In step S012, to dropping coal dust quantity C (x, y), add the calculated value Δ C (x, y) of the dropping coal dust quantity suitable with frequency distribution bij each wind direction and wind velocity that calculate in step S011.

In step S013, as long as satisfied the condition of i＜n, j＜m, the circulation by execution in step S014 and repeating step S05 to the calculating of S012, just can ask for dropping coal dust quantity C (x, y).The cyclic representation of step S014: upgrade at first singly the value of j, before reaching j=m, repeating step S05 is to the calculating of step S012, if reached j=m, similarly upgrade singly the value of i, before reaching i=n, repeating step S05 is to the calculating of step S012.

In S013, if reached i=n and j=m, transfer to End, finish to calculate.

Said method is the method for the dust behavior when describing dust and disperse because of wind according to the principle principle of physical phenomenon ground, goes for the phenomenon of dispersing of the sand etc. in the dust, the pollen that becomes the pollinosis reason, yellow sand and the desert that comprise the emission gases of dust, automobile from the discharging of the factories such as coal dust.

According to the estimation result of the dust behavior that is obtained by said method, can be such as after the number that designs rightly the dust generating sources such as chimney, setting position, dust generation intensity etc., the dust generating source being set.In addition, can configure best the dust generation braking measure equipment of particle collector etc.Thus, can control rightly because of dispersing of dust cause on impact of environment etc.

Embodiment

The result of calculation of the dust concentration that will be obtained by the present invention is shown in Fig. 6.The precondition of calculating is final settlement speed w=0.1m/sec, dust generation intensity Q=10g/s, wind speed u=6m/sec, reflectivity β=0.0 of the powder dust particle of effective dust generation height H e=50m, particle diameter 60 μ m, the CONCENTRATION DISTRIBUTION of the powder dust particle of the x axle of expression y=0-z axle section.The particle diameter that becomes the dust of analysis object distributes in the scope of 90 μ m at 30 μ m, has adopted 60 μ m as its mean value.If suppose that x is that the dust generating source is to the distance (m) of leeward, turbulent diffusivity K _y, K _zRespectively 1004.7/x (m ²/ sec), 3909.6/x (m ²/ sec).

As a comparative example, expression utilizes the result of calculation under the same terms that is that the formula (13) be well known as Gaussian plume model calculates and above-mentioned in Fig. 7.In formula (13), because do not consider the effect of particle gravity settling, thus different with the situation of Fig. 6, the below attenuation effect that can't observe the level line (コ Application タ one gland) of dust concentration.In addition, owing to having supposed that particle carries out total reflection, thereby distinguish that the result of the concentration gradient of powder dust particle on the earth's surface and Fig. 6 is different.

$c(x,y,z)=\frac{\mathrm{uQ}}{4\mathrm{\&pi;}\sqrt{K_y{K}_z}x}\&CenterDot;\{\exp (-\frac{u{(\mathrm{He}-z)}^2}{4K_{z}x})+\exp (-\frac{u{(\mathrm{He}+z)}^2}{4K_{z}x})$ (13)

$\&CenterDot;\exp (-\frac{u{\left({y-y}_o\right)}^2}{{4K}_{y}x})$

Fig. 8 is the contour map that the dropping coal dust quantity on the earth's surface distributes to Figure 10, separately according to the method for the method of the present embodiment, Bosanquet formula, the measured value that obtained by deposit gage and being described.The longitudinal axis is the x axle, and transverse axis is the y axle.Express more these situations of the higher dropping coal dust quantity of concentration in accompanying drawing.

Fig. 8 represents to use the result of calculation of the dropping coal dust quantity that this method calculates.Wind direction adopts 16 directions, is made as m=16.About wind speed, for corresponding with the classification of gentle breeze, weak wind, normal wind, high wind, the interval of minimum windspeed 0.1m/s, maximum wind velocity 9m/s in 1 year carried out 4 cut apart, be made as n=4.Particularly, in the past wind speed Frequency as basis, is divided into respectively the interval of 0.1～1.5m/s, 1.5～3m/s, 3～6m/s, 6～9m/s in this zone.The wind speed that represents as each interval has adopted 1m/s, 2m/s, 4.5m/s, 7m/s in calculating.

About wind direction, air speed data, use the automatic meteorological of weather bureau to obtain system data, the frequency that calculates wind direction, wind speed according to the data in observation data interval 1 middle of the month of 1 hour distributes.Be illustrated in the wind direction that uses in calculating, the frequency distribution of wind speed in table 1.

[table 1]

Because the particle diameter as object is larger, more than reaching 30 μ m, so as the ground reflectivity of particle, adopted β as the complete mode of deposition of particle=0.

Fig. 9 represents the dropping coal dust quantity result of calculation that calculates by the formula in document 1 (1) as a comparative example.

Figure 10 is the contour map of depicting as basis take the measured value of dropping coal dust quantity.Should carry out 80 to the zone approximate equality and cut apart, 1 deposit gage will be set at the center of each cut zone.Metering has been piled up the coal dust of 10 days in the deposit gage of 80 of totals weight is obtained the dropping coal dust quantity.Compare with Fig. 9, distinguish that the level line shape of Fig. 8 is consistent better with the Figure 10 as measured value.

The summary of expression dust concentration of the present invention and dropping coal dust quantity estimating unit 100 in Figure 11.Device 100 possesses dust concentration and calculates mechanism 14 and dropping coal dust quantity calculation mechanism 15, and the Dust Capacity that will fall and be deposited on the earth's surface in the lower pick-up point of regulation is speculated as the dropping coal dust quantity.Calculate mechanism's 14 inputs from the information of wind direction and wind velocity input information mechanism 11, dust generating source input information mechanism 12 and whereabouts location information input mechanism 13 to dust concentration, and input dust Reflectivity for Growing Season β.

The sequential variable of wind direction and wind velocity input information mechanism 11 within the specified time limit of wind direction and wind speed be as basis, the scope of wind direction and wind speed is divided into respectively m, n cuts apart scope.In addition, each that cut apart scope by the wind speed of the n after cutting apart set typical value.Moreover, also ask for shared frequency in whole variable numbers of number during afore mentioned rules of the sequential variable that comprises in scope cutting apart of each wind direction and wind velocity, set the frequency distribution matrix of m * n.Moreover the value that the frequency of the wind direction obtained, wind speed is distributed is as wind direction, wind speed information, and the input dust concentration is calculated mechanism 14.

To dust generating source input information mechanism 12, specify the coordinate on 3 dimension spaces of dust generating source, dust generation intensity (the generation speed of dust), the particle diameter of above-mentioned dust and the density of above-mentioned dust of input dust generating source.In addition, also will dust concentration occur highly to input by the effective dust from above-mentioned dust generating source that calculates or actual measurement calculates calculate mechanism 14.

Whereabouts location information input mechanism 13 is specified the coordinate that is used on the 2 dimension spaces evaluating earth surface dust concentration, lower pick-up point, and this coordinate input dust concentration is calculated mechanism 14.

Dust concentration calculate mechanism 14 take whole input messages of being inputted by wind direction and wind velocity input information mechanism 11, dust generating source input information mechanism 12 and whereabouts location information input mechanism 13 and further the input values such as reflectivity β on the earth's surface of the dust of input as basis, for carrying out towards periphery the dust of advection and diffusion because of wind from the dust generating source, calculate any coordinate points (x on 3 dimension spaces by formula (1), y, z) dust concentration c (x, y, z).

In dropping coal dust quantity calculation mechanism 15, calculate the Dust Capacity that falls in the lower pick-up point that above-mentioned dust concentration is calculated the z=0 in the arbitrary coordinate point that calculates in mechanism 14 and be deposited on the earth's surface.At this moment, also can be with C as the dropping coal dust quantity and use formula (2).Perhaps, also can be with K _yAs the axial turbulent diffusivity of z, β is used formula (3) as the reflectivity on the earth's surface of particle.

The hardware configuration example of the computer system that expression plays a role as dust concentration and dropping coal dust quantity estimating unit 100 in Figure 12.Dropping coal dust quantity estimating unit 100 comprises CPU20, input media 21, display device 22 and pen recorder 23, and each unit connects by bus 24.

The needed wind direction and wind velocity information of supposition, dust generation information, whereabouts location information and reflectivity β to input media 21 input dropping coal dust quantitys.CPU20 determines final settlement speed and the turbulent diffusivity K of effective dust generation height H e, powder dust particle to be input to information in input media 21 as basis _y, K _z, calculate the dropping coal dust quantity on lower pick-up point.

The calculated value of the dropping coal dust quantity of display device 22 on a plurality of lower pick-up point that is calculated by CPU20 shows the contour map of dropping coal dust quantity as basis.

Pen recorder 23 record be input to the full detail in input media 21 and each time pick-up point that calculated by CPU20 on the dropping coal dust quantity.Pen recorder 23 is made of ROM, RAM, HD etc.In pen recorder 23, also store computer program, this computer program is controlled the action of above-mentioned dropping coal dust quantity estimating unit 100.

By carried out this computer program by CPU20, realize function or the processing of dropping coal dust quantity estimating unit 100.In addition, stored data base in pen recorder 23.

Also have, dropping coal dust quantity estimating unit of the present invention had both gone for the system that is made of a plurality of equipment, went for again the device that is made of an equipment.

In addition, also offer system or device and carried out by the computing machine (CPU or MPU) of this system or device and reach purpose of the present invention by the computer program that will realize above-mentioned functions, in this case, consisting of the present invention by computer program itself.Although above and various embodiments have illustrated the present invention together, the present invention is not defined as these embodiments, and can change within the scope of the invention etc.

Utilizability on industry

According to the present invention, and empirical formula in the past compares, and the dust behavior is correctly inferred on principle principle ground that can faithful to actual phenomenon.Thus, can estimate quantitatively the dust that occurs from the dust generating source and bring how many impacts as the dropping coal dust quantity to the urban district.And, the equipment design objective in the time of obtaining to estimate the most suitable scale of the dust generation braking measure equipment such as particle collector.

Symbol description

20 CPU

21 input medias

22 display device

23 pen recorders

100 dropping coal dust quantity estimating units

Claims (3)

1. a method for estimating amount of dustfall, is characterized by,

Possess:

Wind direction and wind velocity input information operation, obtain interior sequential variable specified time limit of wind direction and wind speed, take above-mentioned sequential variable as basis, the scope of wind direction and wind speed is divided into respectively the individual scope of cutting apart of m, n, each above-mentioned scope of cutting apart by wind speed is come the wind speed setting typical value, frequency in asking for during each above-mentioned afore mentioned rules of cutting apart the above-mentioned sequential variable that comprises in scope, thus, the wind direction and wind velocity frequency of making m * n matrix distributes, and above-mentioned wind speed typical value and above-mentioned wind direction and wind velocity frequency are distributed as wind direction and wind velocity information;

Dust generating source input information operation, the information of the dust generating source of input dust;

Dust concentration is calculated operation, uses the information of above-mentioned wind direction and wind velocity information and above-mentioned dust generating source, calculates the dust concentration c on arbitrary coordinate point; And

Whereabouts Dust Capacity calculation process according to above-mentioned dust concentration c, calculates the whereabouts Dust Capacity on arbitrarily lower pick-up point,

In above-mentioned dust generating source input information operation, input the density of the coordinate on 3 dimension spaces of above-mentioned dust generating source, the dust generation intensity Q of above-mentioned dust generating source, the particle diameter of above-mentioned dust, above-mentioned dust and from effective dust generation height H e of above-mentioned dust generating source

Above-mentioned dust concentration is calculated operation and is also used reflectivity β on the earth's surface of above-mentioned dust, utilizes formula (1) to calculate the dust concentration c(x of the point (x, y, z) on 3 dimension coordinate axles, y, z),

$c(x,y,z)=\frac{\mathrm{uQ}}{4\mathrm{\&pi;}\sqrt{K_y{K}_{z}x}}\&CenterDot;\{\exp (-\frac{u{(\mathrm{He}-\frac{\mathrm{wx}}{u}-z)}^2}{4K_{z}x})+\exp (-\frac{u{(\mathrm{He}-\frac{\mathrm{wx}}{u}+z)}^2}{{4K}_{z}x}-\frac{\mathrm{wz}}{K_z})$

$+\frac{(2\mathrm{\&beta;}-1)w}{K_z}\exp (-\frac{w(z-\mathrm{He})}{{2K}_z}-\frac{w^{2}x}{{4K}_{z}u})\left[\underset{0}{\overset{\&infin;}{\&Integral;}}\exp (\frac{(\mathrm{\&beta;}-\frac{1}{2})\mathrm{w\&xi;}}{K_z}-\frac{u{(z+\mathrm{He}+\mathrm{\&xi;})}^2}{4K_{z}x})\mathrm{d\&xi;}\right]\}$

$\&CenterDot;\exp (-\frac{u{(y-y_o)}^2}{4K_{y}x})---\left(1\right)$

U is wind speed, K _y, K _zBe respectively y axle, the axial turbulent diffusivity of z, w is based on the particle diameter of above-mentioned dust and density and the final settlement speed of the particle that calculates, and the x coordinate of above-mentioned dust generating source is 0, and the y coordinate of above-mentioned dust generating source is y0.

2. method for estimating amount of dustfall as claimed in claim 1, is characterized by,

Above-mentioned whereabouts Dust Capacity calculation process utilizes formula (2) or formula (3) to calculate the whereabouts Dust Capacity,

C(x，y)＝w·c(x，y，z＝O) (2)

$C(x,y)=(1-\mathrm{\&beta;})\&CenterDot;K_z\&CenterDot;\frac{d}{\mathrm{dz}}c(x,y,z=O)---\left(3\right)$

C(x, y, z) be the dust concentration of the point (x, y, z) on 3 dimension coordinate axles,

C is the whereabouts Dust Capacity,

K _zIt is the axial turbulent diffusivity of z.

3. a whereabouts Dust Capacity estimating unit, is characterized by,

Possess:

The wind direction and wind velocity information input unit, obtain interior sequential variable specified time limit of wind direction and wind speed, take above-mentioned sequential variable as basis, the scope of wind direction and wind speed is divided into respectively the individual scope of cutting apart of m, n, each above-mentioned scope of cutting apart by wind speed is come the wind speed setting typical value, frequency in asking for during each above-mentioned afore mentioned rules of cutting apart the above-mentioned sequential variable that comprises in scope, thus, the wind direction and wind velocity frequency of making m * n matrix distributes, and above-mentioned wind speed typical value and above-mentioned wind direction and wind velocity frequency are distributed as wind direction and wind velocity information;

Dust generating source information input unit, the information of the dust generating source of input dust;

Dust concentration calculating section uses the information of above-mentioned wind direction and wind velocity information and above-mentioned dust generating source, calculates the dust concentration c on arbitrary coordinate point; And

Whereabouts Dust Capacity calculating part according to above-mentioned dust concentration c, calculates the whereabouts Dust Capacity on arbitrarily lower pick-up point,

In above-mentioned dust generating source information input unit, input the density of the coordinate on 3 dimension spaces of above-mentioned dust generating source, the dust generation intensity Q of above-mentioned dust generating source, the particle diameter of above-mentioned dust, above-mentioned dust and from effective dust generation height H e of above-mentioned dust generating source

Above-mentioned dust concentration calculating section also uses the reflectivity β on the earth's surface of above-mentioned dust, utilizes formula (1) to calculate the dust concentration c(x of the point (x, y, z) on 3 dimension coordinate axles, y, z),

$c(x,y,z)=\frac{\mathrm{uQ}}{4\mathrm{\&pi;}\sqrt{K_y{K}_{z}x}}\&CenterDot;\{\exp (-\frac{u{(\mathrm{He}-\frac{\mathrm{wx}}{u}-z)}^2}{4K_{z}x})+\exp (-\frac{u{(\mathrm{He}-\frac{\mathrm{wx}}{u}+z)}^2}{{4K}_{z}x}-\frac{\mathrm{wz}}{K_z})$

$+\frac{(2\mathrm{\&beta;}-1)w}{K_z}\exp (-\frac{w(z-\mathrm{He})}{{2K}_z}-\frac{w^{2}x}{{4K}_{z}u})\left[\underset{0}{\overset{\&infin;}{\&Integral;}}\exp (\frac{(\mathrm{\&beta;}-\frac{1}{2})\mathrm{w\&xi;}}{K_z}-\frac{u{(z+\mathrm{He}+\mathrm{\&xi;})}^2}{4K_{z}x})\mathrm{d\&xi;}\right]\}$

$\&CenterDot;\exp (-\frac{u{(y-y_o)}^2}{4K_{y}x})---\left(1\right)$

U is wind speed, K _y, K _zBe respectively y axle, the axial turbulent diffusivity of z, w is based on the particle diameter of above-mentioned dust and density and the final settlement speed of the particle that calculates, and the x coordinate of above-mentioned dust generating source is 0, and the y coordinate of above-mentioned dust generating source is y0.

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