CN102076106B - Time frequency two-dimensional hybrid MAC layer access method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a time frequency two-dimensional hybrid media access control (MAC) layer access method. In the two-dimensional direction of a frequency domain and a time domain, multiple users can compete with an available resource together, wherein the available resource comprises each sub channel and different time slots. Conflict is avoided by adopting a withdrawal mechanism, and the users are accessed to a wireless channel to transmit data by competing with the available resource and combining a reservation mechanism. The frequency resource and the time resource are simultaneously utilized in the method, and the competition and the reservation mechanism are combined, so that the utilization rate of the system channel is improved; and the conflict is avoided, so that the throughput of the whole system is effectively improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to communication technical field, relate in particular to the cut-in method of a kind of time-frequency two-dimensional mixed-media access control based on CSMA/CA and OFDMA (Media Access Control, MAC) layer.
Background technology
Along with the develop rapidly of mobile communication technology, Internet technology and computer technology, mobile communication no longer has been confined to simple Speech Communication, and the business of high data rate more and more receives people's concern.Future mobile communications user is to attainable communication service, all improves constantly in the expectation of kind and application facet.WLAN (wireless local area network) is the product that computer network combines with wireless communication technology.WLAN (wireless local area network) is as a kind of canonical form that realizes the wide-band wireless IP access, due to the advantage such as have that mobile computing, networking flexibility are quick, maintenance cost is lower and extensibility is good, in numerous areas, providing as airport, school, enterprise, hotel etc. needs the not high occasion of broadband high-speed wireless access and translational speed that its unique advantage is arranged.(the International Telecommunication Union of International Telecommunications Union, ITU) point out that following user's expectation obtains dynamic, a continuous service, and can seamlessly realize required service by same terminal equipment (same number or address) across a network.The complete IP network that adds the Internet formation with WLAN (wireless local area network) is that the strong of wide area cellular mobile communications network replenished.
The most important effect of MAC layer access protocol can be coordinated exactly each site STA (Stations writes a Chinese character in simplified form) and share efficiently use or access wireless channel resource.In addition, the mac-layer protocol function also comprise the assurance system service quality (Quality of Service, QoS), reduce as far as possible the redundancy of data stream transmitting etc.Mac-layer protocol can be WLAN (Wireless Local Area Networks efficiently, WLAN) bring higher efficient and throughput of system, the next generation wlan system will require under wider transmission bandwidth to realize higher transmission rate, and therefore studying efficient MAC layer access protocol becomes one of key issue of next generation wlan system.Defined the MAC layer access protocol of WLAN in the IEEE802.11 standard, namely adopted CSMA/CA (the Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance with binary exponential backoff, access/the conflict of carrier sense multiple spot is avoided) mechanism, be called DCF (Distributed Coordination Function, distributed coordination function).The mac-layer protocol of existing this simple CSMA/CA mechanism is because collision probability is high, and particularly in the situation that STA quantity is very large and data volume is very large, the impact that brings due to conflict makes MAC layer Efficiency Decreasing, has limited the throughput of whole system.
For the NGBW communication system, OFDMA (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access, OFDM) as the access technology of a key, it can be divided into a plurality of narrowband subchannels to whole frequency range, can make different websites use simultaneously different subchannels, not send simultaneously intrusively mutually data.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem that (one) will solve
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is: how to improve the channel utilization of system, and avoid conflict, improve simultaneously the throughput of system.
(2) technical scheme
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the invention provides a kind of time frequency two-dimensional hybrid MAC layer access method, comprise the following steps:
S1, when the user has data when sending out, the user periodically detects the current operating position of each subchannel, when idle subchannel being detected, select this subchannel and enter step S2, otherwise the user continues to detect the current operating position of each subchannel;
S2, user enter and keep out of the way the stage: the value of backoff counter is set, and backoff counter begins to subtract one from this value at each time slot the finish time, until this value enters step S3 when being zero;
S3, user preengage running time-frequency resource to access point, utilize this running time-frequency resource to send data after preengaging successfully, if do not preengage successfully, reenter step S1, namely again detect idle sub-channels, reset the value of backoff counter after again idle sub-channels being detected;
S4, after the user successfully receives the acknowledgement frame that access point beams back, the value of backoff counter is made zero; Otherwise return to step S1, the user resends missing data.
Wherein, the generation type of described subchannel is: a plurality of orthogonal frequency division multiplex OFDM subcarriers form a sub-channels, and whole channel is divided into a plurality of subchannels, and are mutually orthogonal between each sub-channels.Do not disturb mutually when this has guaranteed to send data on each sub-channels, efficiently utilize channel simultaneously on time domain and frequency domain.
Wherein, in described step S2, if the user detect current selected subchannel in current time slots by other user prior to taking, detect whether there is other idle sub-channels, if exist, backoff counter is subtracted one, if current all subchannels are all occupied, keep the currency of backoff counter constant, when the user detected idle sub-channels again, backoff counter began to successively decrease from described currency.Therefore, the user can access idle sub-channels flexibly, has shortened the stand-by period, can guarantee to utilize efficiently channel, improves channel utilization.
Wherein, the value of described backoff counter is calculated according to keeping out of the way the value of phase.
Wherein, exist side by side and be carved with next data when sending out when the user sends data, at first discharge the current subchannel that takies, and restart to keep out of the way the stage.Can guarantee the fairness of each CU channel like this.
Wherein, be the binary exponential backoff criterion keeping out of the way the criterion of keeping out of the way that the stage adopts.
Wherein, described running time-frequency resource comprises subchannel and time slot.
The value of wherein, establishing described backoff counter is BackoffCounter
n:
BackoffCounter
n＝INT(CW×Random()×T
slot)
In following formula, INT () represents rounding operation, and the random number computing between [0,1], T are got in Random () expression
SlotRepresent a time slot, CW=2
iCW
min, i ∈ [0, m] expression is kept out of the way the phase, and wherein m represents to keep out of the way phase maximum, CW
minThe minimum value of defined competition window in expression carrier sense multiple spot access/collision avoidance mechanism.
Handshake frames used comprises that request sends frame and clear to send frame in step S3, described request sends the length information that all contains the data that the user sends in frame and clear to send frame, after other users detect described length information, upgrade local network allocation vector collection and no longer send the current occupied subchannel of handshaking information reservation.
(3) beneficial effect
The present invention has adopted the time-frequency two-dimensional access, each website detects idle sub-channels arbitrarily or free timeslot is realized transfer of data, therefore increased the chance of random access, namely increased available resources, thereby improved resource utilization, made system can hold more users, and reduced collision probability, improve efficiency of transmission, thereby improved the data volume that to transmit in the unit interval, namely improved throughput of system.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is method flow diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is time-frequency two-dimensional access sequential chart;
Fig. 3 is STA Frame state flow chart;
Fig. 4 carries out to method of the present invention and traditional method the collision probability performance curve that emulation obtains;
Fig. 5 carries out to method of the present invention and traditional method the normalization saturation throughput performance curve that emulation obtains.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the specific embodiment of the present invention is described in further detail.Following examples are used for explanation the present invention, but are not used for limiting the scope of the invention.
Mentality of designing of the present invention is: on the frequency domain dimension, adopt the OFDMA technology to access: one group of subcarrier forms a sub-channels, and whole bandwidth is divided into a plurality of different subchannels, the subchannel that different CUs is different, mutually orthogonal between each sub-channels, do not disturb.On time dimension, adopt the CSMA/CA technology to make different user (the following website that also becomes) the different time slot of contention reservation, the different time slot of each CU sends data, has avoided interference.Thereby in conjunction with OFDMA and CSMA/CA technology, realized carrying out the two dimension access on time domain and frequency domain.
With reference to figure 1, N website (STA) arranged in supposing the system, channel is divided into M sub-channels and N 〉=M, state when channel is occupied is called busy (Busy) state, channel does not have the state when occupied to be called spare time (Idle) state, and DIFS (Distributed Interframe Space) represents distributed inter-frame space, and SIFS (Short Interframe Space) represents short interFrameGap, and the SIFS duration is less than DIFS duration, i.e. T
SIFS＜T
DIFS
At first execution in step S1: when any one website n (STAn) has data to send, detect the busy-idle condition of all M sub-channels, if the continuous DIFS duration of subchannel being detected is all the Idle state, STAn adopts any criterion of keeping out of the way, and for example binary exponential backoff criterion (being prior art) enters and keeps out of the way the stage (step S2):
At first STAn calculates the value of its backoff counter, i.e. BackoffCounter
n:
BackoffCounter
n＝INT(CW×Random()×T
slot) (1)
Wherein, INT () represents rounding operation, and the random number computing between [0,1], T are got in Random () expression
SlotRepresent a time slot (its value is determined by physical layer), CW=2
iCW
min, i ∈ [0, m] expression is kept out of the way the phase, and wherein m represents to keep out of the way the phase maximum.CW
minThe minimum value of expression competition window (can referring to the definition in CSMA/CA mechanism), the parameter according to system arranges usually, can get the value 32 that defines in 802.11 standards.
Keeping out of the way phase i initial value is 0, as long as STAn detects current time slots when having the subchannel of Idle, its backoff counter subtracts one when each time slot finishes.If it is shared by other STA in current time slots that STAn detects the subchannel of current selection, STAn will detect other subchannel again, if find to exist other Idle subchannel, STAn continues when each time slot finishes, backoff counter to be subtracted one, if find that all subchannels of current time slots all are in the Busy state, STAn keeps the value of current backoff counter constant and wait for and continue to detect available Idle subchannel.
Work as BackoffCounter
nReach at 0 o'clock, STAn enters the contention reservation running time-frequency resource stage (step S3):
STAn is to AP (Access Point, access point) send RTS (Request to Send, request sends) frame reservation running time-frequency resource, namely preengage available subchannels and time slot that current detection arrives, send CTS (Clear to Send wait for the SIFS duration after AP receives the RTS frame after, clear to send) frame is to STAn, its reserve resource success of expression after STAn receives CTS, can utilize current time slots and subchannel to begin to send data, STAn begins to send Frame immediately after waiting for the SIFS duration.Do not receive the CTS frame from AP within the CTS frame wait timeout time (CTS_Timeout) as STAn, STAn thinks that RTS clashes or RTS/CTS loses, and keep out of the way phase i and add one this moment, and backoff counter will be based on new CW=2
iCW
minRecomputate according to (1) formula, until CW reaches maximum CW
max, usually can get CW
max=2
mCW
min
S4: receive the Frame of STAn as AP after, send immediately acknowledgement frame (ACK (Acknowledge) frame) after the SIFS duration, after STAn receives ACK, the expression data are successfully received by AP, and this time process of transmitting is completed, and the value of backoff counter makes zero.If STAn does not also receive the ACK frame from AP after acknowledgement frame wait timeout (ACK Timeout) duration arrives, STAn judgement data send unsuccessfully, STAn detects available running time-frequency resource again, and again preengages running time-frequency resource, in order to resend data.
Can find out, the user is by the contention reservation available resources, and the AP end does not carry out centralized distribution and scheduling, and the user need not to wait for the distributing signal of AP, can guarantee that frequency and time resource are fully utilized, and can guarantee the fairness of each CU channel.In addition, above-mentioned RTS, CTS and ACK frame and packet can send on each sub-channels, that is to say, control frame channel and data packet channel are not distinguished by system, can avoid like this causing that on control channel, each user's control frame clashes causes inefficiency.And, various handshake frames, comprise the length information that all contains packet that the user sends in RTS and CTS frame, after other users detect this length information, can automatically upgrade local network allocation vector (Network Allocation Vector, NAV) collect and will no longer send the current subchannel of having been preengage of handshaking information reservation, having improved like this efficient.
Below illustrate.
Fig. 2 represents the sequential chart of time-frequency two-dimensional access, is channel distribution a plurality of subchannels on frequency domain, and every sub-channels is formed by a plurality of subcarriers.As shown in 2 figure, STA1, STA2, STA4 have taken respectively different subchannels simultaneously with the transmission of data, and STA3 waits for after STA2 is sent completely, then reserve resource and begin to send.As can be seen from Figure 2, do not disturb mutually between each STA, can utilize efficiently resource.
Fig. 3 represents the Frame state transition diagram of each STA.Circle in figure represents each current state, and E1...E7 represents the event of various triggering state transitions, and implication is as follows:
E1 represents initialization and has data to wait to send out; E2 represents to detect the available free subchannel of current time slots and can use; E3 represents that all subchannel current time slots are all occupied, and backoff counter is not to 0; E4 represents to detect current time slots and has available subchannels, and backoff counter is not 0; E5 represents that backoff counter is 0, and current time slots has at least a sub-channels idle; E6 is illustrated in the CTS frame of not receiving in CTS Timeout duration from AP; E7 represents to receive that the CTS frame begins to send data; E8 is illustrated in the ACK that does not receive in ACK Timeout duration from AP; E9 represents that data send successfully, need to get back to initial condition.
Initialization (INIT) expression init state; Detect (SENSING) expression and detect the current time slots idle sub-channels; Rollback (BACKOFF) expression backoff counter is started working; Freezing (FREEZE) expression freezes backoff counter (namely keep the numerical value of backoff counter constant) and detects available resources; Reservation (RESERVE) expression reservation available resources; Send (TRANSMIT) expression and send Frame.
Adopt the form of Event triggered state transitions shown in Figure 3 to complete the work of two-dimentional access mechanism, idiographic flow is as follows:
1) when the INIT state, when there being data to wait to send out, trigger by event E1 the SENSING state that enters;
2) at the SENSING state, STA detects the available subchannels of current time slots.Enter the BACKOFF state and enter and keep out of the way the stage thereby triggered by event E2 when available resources being detected;
3) at the BACKOFF state, STA calculates the value of BackoffCounter, and automatically subtracts one the finish time at each time slot.All available resources are whole triggers by event E3 the FREEZE state that enters when occupied when counter reaches before 0;
4) at the FREEZE state, STA preserves the value of current BackoffCounter, and continues to detect available resources, in case available resources detected trigger by event E4 the BACKOFF state of getting back to;
5) at the RESERVE state, STA preengages idling-resource, preengages successfully and triggers by event E7 the TRANSMIT state that enters afterwards.Reservation not success triggers by event E6 the SENSING state of getting back to;
6) at the TRANSMIT state, STA begins to send Frame, is triggered by event E9 after sending successfully and gets back to the INIT state, if do not receive the confirmation response of AP, triggers by event E8 the SENSING state of getting back to.
Fig. 4 shows collision probability (Probability of collision) the performance comparison curves that emulation time-frequency two-dimensional mixing access mechanism and traditional C/S MA/CA mechanism obtain, adopted different STA website numbers to carry out emulation, M represents the subchannel number, M＞1 expression method of the present invention, M=1 represents traditional C/S MA/CA mechanism.As shown in Figure 4, when adopting a plurality of subchannel, i.e. M＞1 o'clock, the collision probability of system is starkly lower than traditional C/S MA/CA mechanism, thereby can find out that the inventive method is obviously reducing collision probability under same STA number.
Fig. 5 has represented normalization saturation throughput (Saturated Throughput) performance curve that policy time-frequency two-dimensional mixing access mechanism and traditional C/S MA/CA mechanism obtain, M represents the subchannel number, M＞1 expression situation of the present invention, M=1 represents traditional C/S MA/CA mechanism.As shown in Figure 5, when adopting a plurality of subchannel, i.e. M＞1 o'clock, system's saturation throughput is apparently higher than traditional C/S MA/CA mechanism, thereby can see that the inventive method can bring the lifting of throughput of system.
As can be seen from the above embodiments, because the present invention has adopted the time-frequency two-dimensional access, each STA detects idle sub-channels arbitrarily or free timeslot is realized transfer of data, has therefore increased the chance of random access, has namely increased available resources, thereby improved resource utilization, make system can hold more users, and reduced collision probability, improved efficiency of transmission, thereby improved the data volume that to transmit in the unit interval, namely improved throughput of system.The present invention is particularly useful in ultrahigh speed wlan system of future generation.
Above execution mode only is used for explanation the present invention; and be not limitation of the present invention; the those of ordinary skill in relevant technologies field; without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention; can also make a variety of changes and modification; therefore all technical schemes that are equal to also belong to category of the present invention, and scope of patent protection of the present invention should be defined by the claims.
Claims (7)
1. a time frequency two-dimensional hybrid MAC layer access method, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
S1, when the user has data when sending out, the user periodically detects the current operating position of each subchannel, when idle sub-channels being detected, select this subchannel and enter step S2, otherwise the user continues to detect the current operating position of each subchannel;
S2, user enter and keep out of the way the stage: the value of backoff counter is set, and backoff counter begins to subtract one from this value at each time slot the finish time, until this value enters step S3 when being zero;
S3, user preengage running time-frequency resource to access point, utilize after preengaging successfully this running time-frequency resource to send data, if not success is detecting idle sub-channels again, the value that resets backoff counter after idle sub-channels again detected;
S4, after the user successfully receives the acknowledgement frame that access point beams back, the value of backoff counter is made zero; Otherwise return to step S1, the user resends missing data;
Handshake frames used comprises that request sends frame and clear to send frame in step S3, described request sends the length information that all contains the data that the user sends in frame and clear to send frame, after other users detect described length information, upgrade local network allocation vector collection and no longer send the current occupied subchannel of handshaking information reservation; Described request sends frame, clear to send frame, acknowledgement frame and data and can send on each sub-channels;
The generation type of described subchannel is: a plurality of OFDM subcarriers form a sub-channels, and whole channel is divided into a plurality of subchannels, and are mutually orthogonal between each sub-channels.
2. time frequency two-dimensional hybrid MAC layer access method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, in described step S2, if the user detect current selected subchannel in current time slots by other user prior to taking, detect whether there is other idle sub-channels, if exist, backoff counter is subtracted one, if current all subchannels are all occupied, keep the currency of backoff counter constant, when the user detected idle sub-channels again, backoff counter began to successively decrease from described currency.
3. time frequency two-dimensional hybrid MAC layer access method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, the value of described backoff counter is calculated according to keeping out of the way the value of phase.
4. time frequency two-dimensional hybrid MAC layer access method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, exist side by side and be carved with next data when sending out when the user sends data, at first discharge the current subchannel that takies, and restart to detect idle sub-channels and keep out of the way the stage.
5. time frequency two-dimensional hybrid MAC layer access method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, is the binary exponential backoff criterion keeping out of the way the criterion of keeping out of the way that the stage adopts.
6. time frequency two-dimensional hybrid MAC layer access method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described running time-frequency resource comprises subchannel and time slot.
7. time frequency two-dimensional hybrid MAC layer access method as claimed in claim 3, is characterized in that, the value of establishing described backoff counter is BackoffCounter
n:
BackoffCounter
n=INT(CW×Random()×T
slot)
Wherein, INT () represents rounding operation, and the random number computing between [0,1], T are got in Random () expression
SlotRepresent a time slot, CW=2
iCW
min, i ∈ [0, m] expression is kept out of the way the phase, and wherein m represents to keep out of the way phase maximum, CW
minThe minimum value of defined competition window in expression carrier sense multiple spot access/collision avoidance mechanism.
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| CN103491548B (en) * | 2012-06-14 | 2017-06-20 | 电信科学技术研究院 | A kind of frequency spectrum switching method and equipment based on cognitive radio system |
| CN104185296B (en) * | 2013-05-20 | 2018-02-06 | 华为技术有限公司 | Channel access method and access point |
| CN104378828B (en) * | 2013-08-15 | 2018-03-09 | 华为技术有限公司 | A kind of methods, devices and systems of channel access |
| WO2015176288A1 (en) * | 2014-05-22 | 2015-11-26 | 华为技术有限公司 | Preset frequency spectrum resource detection and occupancy method, and communication device |
| WO2016078092A1 (en) * | 2014-11-21 | 2016-05-26 | 华为技术有限公司 | Backoff method and backoff device for multi-channel transmission |
| CN105813220B (en) * | 2014-12-31 | 2021-04-06 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | Data transmission method and station |
| CN107005302B (en) * | 2014-12-31 | 2019-05-03 | 华为技术有限公司 | A kind of method of channel access, site apparatus and access point apparatus |
| CN107535006B (en) * | 2015-05-27 | 2020-10-16 | 华为技术有限公司 | Channel access method and device |
| CN106488565B (en) * | 2015-09-02 | 2021-12-10 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | Resource sharing method, network element and system based on competition |
| CN105376830B (en) * | 2015-10-29 | 2018-08-17 | 西北工业大学 | The up-link access method that a kind of channel bonding and orthogonal frequency-time multiple access are combined |
| CN107995687B (en) * | 2016-10-27 | 2021-02-26 | 华为技术有限公司 | Data transmission method and device |
| CN109644502B (en) * | 2016-12-13 | 2020-09-25 | 华为技术有限公司 | Point-to-multipoint channel allocation method, device and system |
| CN107147586B (en) * | 2017-05-15 | 2020-01-03 | 北京邮电大学 | Dynamic competition window adjusting method, device and equipment based on random game theory |
| US10728928B2 (en) * | 2017-10-11 | 2020-07-28 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Random backoff process for spatial listen-before-talk (LBT) |
| RU2689125C1 (en) * | 2018-10-02 | 2019-05-24 | Хуавей Текнолоджиз Ко., Лтд. | Method and device for accessing a channel |
| CN111586501B (en) | 2019-02-19 | 2024-05-28 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | Data transmission method, device, AP, ONU PON, networking and storage medium |
| CN110401547A (en) * | 2019-08-05 | 2019-11-01 | 北京百佑科技有限公司 | Data communications method, device, terminal and computer readable storage medium |
| CN113490235B (en) * | 2021-07-01 | 2023-02-10 | 电子科技大学 | MAC layer low-delay quick reconnection method for millimeter wave ad hoc network |
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| CN101715241A (en) * | 2008-12-10 | 2010-05-26 | 北京新岸线无线技术有限公司 | Method and device for media access control of distributed wireless local area network |
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