CN102076106A - Time frequency two-dimensional hybrid MAC layer access method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a time frequency two-dimensional hybrid media access control (MAC) layer access method. In the two-dimensional direction of a frequency domain and a time domain, multiple users can compete with an available resource together, wherein the available resource comprises each sub channel and different time slots. Conflict is avoided by adopting a withdrawal mechanism, and the users are accessed to a wireless channel to transmit data by competing with the available resource and combining a reservation mechanism. The frequency resource and the time resource are simultaneously utilized in the method, and the competition and the reservation mechanism are combined, so that the utilization rate of the system channel is improved; and the conflict is avoided, so that the throughput of the whole system is effectively improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to communication technical field, relate in particular to a kind of access control of time-frequency two-dimensional mixed-media (Media Access Control, MAC) Ceng cut-in method based on CSMA/CA and OFDMA.
Background technology
Along with mobile communication technology, Internet technology and fast development of computer technology, mobile communication no longer has been confined to simple Speech Communication, and the business of high data rate more and more is subjected to people's attention.Future mobile communications user is to attainable communication service, all improves constantly in the expectation of kind and application facet.WLAN (wireless local area network) is the product that computer network combines with wireless communication technology.WLAN (wireless local area network) is as a kind of canonical form that realizes that wide-band wireless IP inserts, because advantage such as have that mobile computing, networking flexibility are quick, maintenance cost is lower and extensibility is good, in numerous areas, providing as airport, school, enterprise, hotel etc. needs the not high occasion of broadband high-speed wireless access and translational speed that its unique advantage is arranged.(the International Telecommunication Union of International Telecommunications Union, ITU) point out that following user expectation obtains dynamic, a continuous service, and can seamlessly realize required service by same terminal equipment (same number or address) across a network.The complete IP network that adds the Internet formation with WLAN (wireless local area network) is that the strong of wide area cellular mobile communications network replenished.
The most important effect of MAC layer access protocol can be coordinated each site STA (Stations writes a Chinese character in simplified form) exactly and share use or access wireless channel resource efficiently.In addition, the mac-layer protocol function comprises that also (Quality of Service reduces the redundancy of data flow transmission etc. QoS), as far as possible for the service quality of assurance system.Mac-layer protocol can be WLAN (Wireless Local Area Networks efficiently, WLAN) bring higher efficient and throughput of system, the next generation wlan system will require to realize higher transmission rate that under wideer transmission bandwidth therefore studying efficient MAC layer access protocol becomes one of key issue of next generation wlan system.Defined the MAC layer access protocol of WLAN in the IEEE802.11 standard, promptly adopted CSMA/CA (the Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance that has binary exponential backoff, access/the conflict of carrier sense multiple spot is avoided) mechanism, be called DCF (Distributed Coordination Function, distributed coordination function).The mac-layer protocol of existing this simple CSMA/CA mechanism is because the collision probability height particularly under the situation that STA quantity is very big and data volume is very big, because the influence that conflict brings makes MAC layer efficient reduce, has limited the throughput of whole system.
At the NGBW communication system, OFDMA (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access, OFDM) as the access technology of a key, it can be divided into a plurality of narrowband subchannels to whole frequency, can make different websites use different subchannels simultaneously, not send data mutually intrusively simultaneously.
Summary of the invention
(1) technical problem that will solve
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is: how to improve the channel utilization of system, and avoid conflict, improve the throughput of system simultaneously.
(2) technical scheme
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the invention provides a kind of time-frequency two-dimensional hybrid MAC layer cut-in method, may further comprise the steps:
S1, when the user has data to wait to send out, the user periodically detects the current operating position of each subchannel, when detecting idle subchannel, select this subchannel and enter step S2, otherwise the user continues to detect the current operating position of each subchannel;
S2, user enter and keep out of the way the stage: the value of backoff counter is set, and backoff counter begins to subtract one from this value at each time slot the finish time, enters step S3 when this value is zero;
S3, user preengage running time-frequency resource to access point, utilize this running time-frequency resource to send data after preengaging successfully,, then reenter step S1 if do not preengage successfully, promptly detect idle sub-channels again, after detecting idle sub-channels again, reset the value of backoff counter;
S4, after the user successfully receives the acknowledgement frame that access point beams back, the value of backoff counter is made zero; Otherwise return step S1, the user resends the data of losing.
Wherein, the generation type of described subchannel is: a plurality of orthogonal frequency division multiplex OFDM subcarriers form a subchannel, and whole channel is divided into a plurality of subchannels, and are mutually orthogonal between each subchannel.Do not disturb mutually when this has guaranteed to send data on each subchannel, on time domain and frequency domain, efficiently utilize channel simultaneously.
Wherein, in described step S2, if the user detect current selected subchannel in current time slots by other user prior to taking, then detect whether there is other idle sub-channels,, then backoff counter is subtracted one if exist, if current all subchannels are all occupied, then keep the currency of backoff counter constant, when the user detected idle sub-channels once more, backoff counter began to successively decrease from described currency.Therefore, the user can insert idle sub-channels flexibly, has shortened the stand-by period, can guarantee to utilize efficiently channel, improves channel utilization.
Wherein, the value of described backoff counter is calculated according to keeping out of the way the value of phase.
Wherein, exist side by side when being carved with next data and waiting to send out, at first discharge the current subchannel that takies, and restart to keep out of the way the stage when the user sends data.Can guarantee the fairness of each CU channel like this.
Wherein, be the binary exponential backoff criterion keeping out of the way the criterion of keeping out of the way that the stage adopts.
Wherein, described running time-frequency resource comprises subchannel and time slot.
Wherein, the value of establishing described backoff counter is BackoffCounter
n, then:
BackoffCounter
n＝INT(CW×Random()×T
slot)
In the following formula, INT () represents rounding operation, and the random number computing between [0,1], T are got in Random () expression
SlotRepresent a time slot, CW=2
iCW
Min, i ∈ [0, m] expression is kept out of the way the phase, and wherein m represents to keep out of the way phase maximum, CW
MinThe minimum value of defined competition window in the expression carrier sense multiple spot access/collision avoidance mechanism.
Used handshake frames comprises request transmit frame and clear to send frame in step S3, the length information of the data that all contain the user in described request transmit frame and the clear to send frame and sent, after other users detect described length information, upgrade local network allocation vector collection and no longer send the current occupied subchannel of handshaking information reservation.
(3) beneficial effect
The present invention has adopted the time-frequency two-dimensional access, each website detects idle sub-channels arbitrarily or idle time slot is realized transfer of data, therefore increased the chance that inserts at random, promptly increased available resources, thereby improved resource utilization, made system can hold more users, and reduced collision probability, improve efficiency of transmission, thereby improved possibility data quantity transmitted in the unit interval, promptly improved throughput of system.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a method flow diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is that time-frequency two-dimensional inserts sequential chart;
Fig. 3 is a STA Frame state flow chart;
Fig. 4 carries out the collision probability performance curve that emulation obtains to method of the present invention and traditional method;
Fig. 5 carries out the normalization saturation throughput performance curve that emulation obtains to method of the present invention and traditional method.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the specific embodiment of the present invention is described in further detail.Following examples are used to illustrate the present invention, but are not used for limiting the scope of the invention.
Mentality of designing of the present invention is: on the frequency domain dimension, adopt the OFDMA technology to insert: one group of subcarrier forms a subchannel, and whole bandwidth is divided into a plurality of different subchannels, the subchannel that different CUs is different, mutually orthogonal between each subchannel, do not disturb.On time dimension, adopt the CSMA/CA technology to make different user (the following website that also becomes) the different time slot of contention reservation, the different time slot of each CU sends data, has avoided interference.Thereby, realized on time domain and frequency domain, carrying out two dimension and inserted in conjunction with OFDMA and CSMA/CA technology.
With reference to figure 1, N website (STA) arranged in the supposing the system, channel is divided into M subchannel and N 〉=M, state when channel is occupied is called busy (Busy) state, channel does not have the state when occupied to be called spare time (Idle) state, and DIFS (Distributed Interframe Space) represents distributed inter-frame space, the short interFrameGap of SIFS (Short Interframe Space) expression, and the SIFS duration is less than DIFS duration, i.e. T
SIFS＜T
DIFS
Execution in step S1 at first: when any one website n (STAn) has data to send, detect the busy-idle condition of all M subchannel, if detecting the continuous DIFS duration of subchannel all is the Idle state, then STAn adopts any criterion of keeping out of the way, and for example binary exponential backoff criterion (being prior art) enters and keeps out of the way the stage (step S2):
At first STAn calculates the value of its backoff counter, i.e. BackoffCounter
n:
BackoffCounter
n＝INT(CW×Random()×T
slot) (1)
Wherein, INT () represents rounding operation, and the random number computing between [0,1], T are got in Random () expression
SlotRepresent a time slot (its value is determined by physical layer), CW=2
iCW
Min, i ∈ [0, m] expression is kept out of the way the phase, and wherein m represents to keep out of the way the phase maximum.CW
MinThe minimum value of expression competition window (can referring to the definition in the CSMA/CA mechanism), the parameter according to system is provided with usually, can get the value 32 that defines in 802.11 standards.
Keeping out of the way phase i initial value is 0, as long as STAn detects current time slots when having the subchannel of Idle, its backoff counter then subtracts one when each time slot finishes.If it is shared by other STA in current time slots that STAn detects the subchannel of current selection, STAn will detect other subchannel once more, if find to exist other Idle subchannel, STAn continues when each time slot finishes backoff counter to be subtracted one, all be in the Busy state if find all subchannels of current time slots, then STAn keeps the constant and available Idle subchannel of wait continuation detection of value of current backoff counter.
Work as BackoffCounter
nReach at 0 o'clock, STAn enters the contention reservation running time-frequency resource stage (step S3):
STAn is to AP (Access Point, access point) sends RTS (Request to Send, request sends) frame reservation running time-frequency resource, promptly preengage available subchannels and time slot that current detection arrives, send CTS (Clear to Send, clear to send) frame to STAn after after AP receives the RTS frame, waiting for the SIFS duration, its reserve resource success of expression after STAn receives CTS, can utilize current time slots and subchannel to begin to send data, then STAn begins to send Frame immediately after waiting for the SIFS duration.When STAn does not receive CTS frame from AP in the CTS frame wait timeout time (CTS_Timeout), then STAn thinks that RTS clashes or RTS/CTS loses, and keep out of the way phase i and add one this moment, and backoff counter will be based on new CW=2
iCW
MinRecomputate according to (1) formula, reach maximum CW up to CW
Max, can get CW usually
Max=2
mCW
Min
S4: receive the Frame of STAn as AP after, send acknowledgement frame (ACK (Acknowledge) frame) immediately behind the SIFS duration, the expression data were successfully received by AP after STAn received ACK, and this time process of transmitting is finished, and the value of backoff counter makes zero.If STAn does not also receive the ACK frame from AP after acknowledgement frame wait timeout (ACK Timeout) duration arrives, then the STAn judgment data sends failure, then STAn detects available running time-frequency resource again, and preengages running time-frequency resource again, so that resend data.
As can be seen, the user is by the contention reservation available resources, and the AP end is not concentrated and distributed and scheduling, and the user need not to wait for the distributing signal of AP, can guarantee that frequency and time resource are fully utilized, and can guarantee the fairness of each CU channel.In addition, above-mentioned RTS, CTS and ACK frame and packet can send on each subchannel, that is to say that control frame channel and data packet channel are not distinguished by system, can avoid like this causing that each user's control frame clashes on the control channel causes inefficiency.And, various handshake frames, comprise that all containing the user in RTS and the CTS frame sends length of data package information, after other users detect this length information, can upgrade local network allocation vector (Network Allocation Vector automatically, NAV) collection and will no longer send the current subchannel of having been preengage of handshaking information reservation has improved efficient like this.
Below illustrate.
Fig. 2 represents the sequential chart that time-frequency two-dimensional inserts, and is channel distribution a plurality of subchannels on frequency domain, and each subchannel is formed by a plurality of subcarriers.Shown in 2 figure, STA1, STA2, STA4 have taken different subchannels respectively simultaneously with the transmission data, and STA3 waits for after STA2 is sent completely, again reserve resource and begin transmission.As can be seen from Figure 2, do not disturb mutually between each STA, can utilize resource efficiently.
Fig. 3 represents the Frame state transition diagram of each STA.Circle among the figure is represented each current state, and E1...E7 represents the incident of various triggering state transitions, and implication is as follows:
E1 represents initialization and has data to wait to send out; E2 represents to detect current time slots has idle sub-channels to use; E3 represents that all subchannel current time slots are all occupied, and backoff counter is not to 0; E4 represents to detect current time slots and has available subchannels, and backoff counter is not 0; E5 represents that backoff counter is 0, and current time slots has a sub-channel idle at least; E6 is illustrated in the CTS frame of not receiving in the CTS Timeout duration from AP; E7 represents to receive that the CTS frame begins to send data; E8 is illustrated in the ACK that does not receive in the ACK Timeout duration from AP; E9 represents that data send successfully, need get back to initial condition.
Initialization (INIT) expression init state; Detect (SENSING) expression and detect the current time slots idle sub-channels; Rollback (BACKOFF) expression backoff counter is started working; Freezing (FREEZE) expression freezes backoff counter (promptly keep the numerical value of backoff counter constant) and detects available resources; Reservation (RESERVE) expression reservation available resources; Send (TRANSMIT) expression and send Frame.
Adopt the form of Event triggered state transitions shown in Figure 3 to finish the work of two-dimentional access mechanism, idiographic flow is as follows:
1) when the INIT state, wait to send out as data, then trigger the SENSING state that enters by incident E1;
2) at the SENSING state, STA detects the available subchannels of current time slots.Enter the BACKOFF state and enter and keep out of the way the stage thereby when detecting available resources, trigger by incident E2;
3) at the BACKOFF state, STA calculates the value of BackoffCounter, and subtracts one automatically the finish time at each time slot.All available resources are whole to trigger the FREEZE state that enters by incident E3 when occupied when counter reaches before 0;
4) at the FREEZE state, STA preserves the value of current BackoffCounter, and continue to detect available resources, in case detect available resources then trigger the BACKOFF state of getting back to by incident E4;
5) at the RESERVE state, STA preengages idling-resource, and preengaging successfully, the back enters the TRANSMIT state by incident E7 triggering.Reservation not success then triggers the SENSING state of getting back to by incident E6;
6) at the TRANSMIT state, STA begins to send Frame, triggers the INIT state of getting back to by incident E9 after sending successfully, if do not receive the affirmation response of AP, then triggers the SENSING state of getting back to by incident E8.
Fig. 4 shows collision probability (Probability of collision) the performance comparison curves that emulation time-frequency two-dimensional mixing access mechanism and traditional C MA/CA mechanism obtain, adopted different STA website numbers to carry out emulation, M represents the subchannel number, M＞1 expression method of the present invention, M=1 represents traditional C MA/CA mechanism.As shown in Figure 4, when adopting a plurality of subchannel, i.e. M＞1 o'clock, the collision probability of system is starkly lower than traditional C MA/CA mechanism, thus the inventive method is obviously reducing collision probability under same STA number as can be seen.
Fig. 5 has represented normalization saturation throughput (Saturated Throughput) performance curve that policy time-frequency two-dimensional mixing access mechanism and traditional C MA/CA mechanism obtain, M represents the subchannel number, M＞1 expression situation of the present invention, M=1 represents traditional C MA/CA mechanism.As shown in Figure 5, when adopting a plurality of subchannel, i.e. M＞1 o'clock, system's saturation throughput is apparently higher than traditional C MA/CA mechanism, thereby can see that the inventive method can bring the lifting of throughput of system.
As can be seen from the above embodiments, because the present invention has adopted the time-frequency two-dimensional access, each STA detects idle sub-channels arbitrarily or idle time slot is realized transfer of data, has therefore increased the chance that inserts at random, has promptly increased available resources, thereby improved resource utilization, make system can hold more users, and reduced collision probability, improved efficiency of transmission, thereby improved possibility data quantity transmitted in the unit interval, promptly improved throughput of system.The present invention is particularly useful in the ultrahigh speed wlan system of future generation.
Above execution mode only is used to illustrate the present invention; and be not limitation of the present invention; the those of ordinary skill in relevant technologies field; under the situation that does not break away from the spirit and scope of the present invention; can also make various variations and modification; therefore all technical schemes that are equal to also belong to category of the present invention, and scope of patent protection of the present invention should be defined by the claims.
Claims (9)
1. a time-frequency two-dimensional hybrid MAC layer cut-in method is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:
S1, when the user has data to wait to send out, the user periodically detects the current operating position of each subchannel, when detecting idle sub-channels, select this subchannel and enter step S2, otherwise the user continues to detect the current operating position of each subchannel;
S2, user enter and keep out of the way the stage: the value of backoff counter is set, and backoff counter begins to subtract one from this value at each time slot the finish time, enters step S3 when this value is zero;
S3, user preengage running time-frequency resource to access point, utilize after preengaging successfully this running time-frequency resource to send data, if not success is then detecting idle sub-channels again, detect the value of resetting backoff counter after the idle sub-channels again;
S4, after the user successfully receives the acknowledgement frame that access point beams back, the value of backoff counter is made zero; Otherwise return step S1, the user resends the data of losing.
2. time-frequency two-dimensional hybrid MAC layer cut-in method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the generation type of described subchannel is: a plurality of OFDM subcarriers form a subchannel, and whole channel is divided into a plurality of subchannels, and are mutually orthogonal between each subchannel.
3. time-frequency two-dimensional hybrid MAC layer cut-in method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, in described step S2, if the user detect current selected subchannel in current time slots by other user prior to taking, then detect whether there is other idle sub-channels, if exist, then backoff counter is subtracted one,, then keep the currency of backoff counter constant if current all subchannels are all occupied, when the user detected idle sub-channels once more, backoff counter began to successively decrease from described currency.
4. time-frequency two-dimensional hybrid MAC layer cut-in method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, the value of described backoff counter is calculated according to keeping out of the way the value of phase.
5. time-frequency two-dimensional hybrid MAC layer cut-in method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, exist side by side when being carved with next data and waiting to send out when the user sends data, at first discharge the current subchannel that takies, and restart to detect idle sub-channels and keep out of the way the stage.
6. time-frequency two-dimensional hybrid MAC layer cut-in method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, is the binary exponential backoff criterion keeping out of the way the criterion of keeping out of the way that the stage adopts.
7. time-frequency two-dimensional hybrid MAC layer cut-in method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that described running time-frequency resource comprises subchannel and time slot.
8. time-frequency two-dimensional hybrid MAC layer cut-in method as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that the value of establishing described backoff counter is BackoffCounter
n, then:
BackoffCounter
n＝INT(CW×Random()×T
slot)
Wherein, INT () represents rounding operation, and the random number computing between [0,1], T are got in Random () expression
SlotRepresent a time slot, CW=2
iCW
Min, i ∈ [0, m] expression is kept out of the way the phase, and wherein m represents to keep out of the way phase maximum, CW
MinThe minimum value of defined competition window in the expression carrier sense multiple spot access/collision avoidance mechanism.
9. as each described time-frequency two-dimensional hybrid MAC layer cut-in method of claim 1～8, it is characterized in that, used handshake frames comprises request transmit frame and clear to send frame in step S3, the length information of the data that all contain the user in described request transmit frame and the clear to send frame and sent, after other users detect described length information, upgrade local network allocation vector collection and no longer send the current occupied subchannel of handshaking information reservation.
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