CN102074377B - Active carbon/low-dimensional titanium oxide composite electrode material for super capacitor - Google Patents
Active carbon/low-dimensional titanium oxide composite electrode material for super capacitor Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to preparation and electrochemical performance analysis of an active carbon/low-dimensional titanium oxide composite electrode material for a super capacitor, and belongs to the fields of electrode material preparation of super capacitors and energy. Cheap industrial titanium dioxide and active carbon are used as raw materials; and a material precursor is prepared by using an ultrasonic chemical hydrothermal method, fully washed by diluted acid, deionized water and ethanol and thermally treated at a low temperature under the protection of inert gas to obtain the active carbon/low-dimensional titanium oxide composite electrode material. Compared with pure active carbon, the prepared active carbon/low-dimensional titanium oxide composite electrode material for the super capacitor has high specific capacitance and energy density and good circulating stability. The active carbon/low-dimensional titanium oxide composite electrode material is suitable to be developed into an electrode material for the super capacitor, is expected to be used with a secondary lithium ion battery, and is applied in the aspects of electric vehicles and the like.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of active carbon/low dimension titanium oxide combination electrode material that is used for ultracapacitor, belong to the electrode material preparation field and the energy field of ultracapacitor.
Background technology
The performance of ultracapacitor is between secondary lithium battery and traditional capacitor; Its power density is far above common batteries (10~100 times); Energy density is far above traditional capacitor (>100 times); Can emit the electric current of hundreds of to several kiloamperes at short notice, be suitable for very much the occasion of short time high power output.According to the difference of energy storage mechanism, ultracapacitor can be divided into double electric layer capacitor and pseudo capacitance device.
Double electric layer capacitor is to utilize the electric double layer that forms under the electric field action to discharge and recharge, and electrochemical reaction does not take place electrode itself, belongs to electrostatic process.Double electric layer capacitor is made up of two polarizing electrodes that insert in the electrolyte, and polarizing electrode comprises active electrode material (like active carbon) and collector, and electrolyte adopts solid or liquid electrolyte.In order to make double electric layer capacitor store more multi-charge, require polarizing electrode to have big as far as possible electrolyte and soak into surface area, thereby form more large-area electric double layer.
Porous, specific area are big because of having for active carbon, abundant raw material, cheap, characteristics such as electrochemical stability is high, long service life, are widely used in the electrode material of ultracapacitor.But the energy density of active carbon itself is low, has limited the application of ultracapacitor in the high-energy-density field.
Low dimension titanium oxide has semiconductor property, and its skin effect and quantum effect have positive role to the chemical property of active carbon.The microstructure that it is exclusive can provide ion channel for electrolyte, adsorbs more electrolyte, and then improves the energy storage capacity of AC.
Among the present invention; Adopting cheap technical grade titanium dioxide and active carbon is raw material; Prepare active carbon/low dimension titanium oxide combination electrode material through sonochemistry hydro thermal method and inert atmosphere heat-treating methods, and it is assembled into ultracapacitor, analyze charge-discharge performance and cyclical stability.Compare with pure active carbon, the ratio electric capacity of active carbon/low dimension titanium oxide combination electrode material is higher, and charge-discharge performance and cyclical stability under big electric current are better, and useful life and active carbon are suitable.Therefore, active carbon/low dimension titanium oxide combination electrode material is fit to the electrode material of development as ultracapacitor, and is expected and the secondary lithium battery coupling, is applied to aspects such as electric automobile.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to prepare a kind of electrode material, for the present low problem of electrode material for super capacitor energy density provides a kind of effective solution.Technology of the present invention is simple, and is with low cost, is easy to commercial application.
The preparation and the performance evaluation of the active carbon that is used for ultracapacitor that the present invention proposes/low dimension titanium oxide combination electrode material realize through following technical scheme:
1, the active carbon with 0.1~0.5g rutile titanium dioxide powder and 1.5~2.5g impregnated in 10~15M NaOH solution of 40~70ml; 0.5~2h is stirred on ultrasonic limit, limit, and being transferred to volume behind the sonochemistry sufficient reacting is in the polytetrafluoroethylene hydrothermal reaction kettle of 50~100ml.
2, the hydrothermal reaction kettle in the step 1 is placed 150~180 ℃ baking oven, hydro-thermal reaction 18~72h.Reaction naturally cools to room temperature after finishing.
3, with watery hydrochloric acid or nitric acid the hydro-thermal reaction product in the step 2 is washed a period of time, till pH value partial neutral or acidity on the weak side, wash respectively with secondary deionized water and ethanol again, behind the vacuum filtration,, obtain product A 80 ℃ of following intensive dryings.
4, the product A in the step 3 being ground, sieved, place Muffle furnace, is heat treatment 1~3h under 350~500 ℃, inert gas shielding in temperature, can obtain final its lytic activity charcoal/low dimension titanium oxide combination electrode material B.
5, with the B material in the step 4 as active material, add a certain proportion of conductive agent acetylene black and binding agent Kynoar (PVDF).Three's mass ratio is 7.5~9: 0.5~1.5: 0.5~1.
6, above all material is placed an amount of N-methyl pyrrolidone (NMP), behind the high-speed stirred certain hour, with the method for scraper coating with the slurry curtain coating on aluminium foil, diaphragm thickness is 100~300um, 80 ℃ of drying 1~3h can obtain electrode diaphragm.Pressure at 10~40t carries out roll extrusion again, obtains fine and close electrode diaphragm C.
7, the electrode diaphragm C in the step 6 is cut out, in glove box, be assembled into the symmetric form ultracapacitor.The present invention adopts organic electrolyte, and wherein organic solvent is one or both mixed liquors in ethyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, propene carbonate, the acetonitrile; Electrolyte is LiPF
6, in the tetraethyl tetrafluoro boric acid amine, trimethyl ethyl tetrafluoro boric acid amine one or more.Barrier film is the special-purpose polypropylene porous membrane of ultracapacitor.
8, the ultracapacitor with assembling in the step 7 carries out electrochemical property test.The test condition that discharges and recharges: current density is 0.5~10mA/cm
2, voltage is 0~3V; Cyclic voltammetric test condition: voltage range-2.5~2.5V, sweep speed 5~50mV.
By the enforcement of above scheme, the present invention compared with prior art has following advantage:
1, the active carbon of the present invention's preparation/low dimension titanium oxide combination electrode material has higher ratio electric capacity and energy density, good cycling stability when being used for ultracapacitor.
2, the present invention is raw material with the commercial production titanium dioxide and the active carbon of cheapness, sonochemistry hydro thermal method and Low Temperature Heat Treatment legal system power backup utmost point material, and technology is simple, and is with low cost, is easy to commercial application.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the sem photograph of the active carbon/low dimension titanium oxide combination electrode material electrode diaphragm of preparation among this method embodiment 2;
Fig. 2 is the constant current charge-discharge curve of the active carbon/low dimension titanium oxide combination electrode material of preparation among this method embodiment 2.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
The active carbon of 0.1g rutile titanium dioxide powder and 1.5g impregnated in the 15M NaOH solution of 40ml, and 0.5h is stirred on ultrasonic limit, limit, and being transferred to volume behind the sonochemistry sufficient reacting is in the polytetrafluoroethylene hydrothermal reaction kettle of 50ml.Hydro-thermal reaction 18h obtains product A in 180 ℃ baking oven.Reaction finishes the back and with watery hydrochloric acid or nitric acid product A is washed a period of time, till pH value partial neutral or acidity on the weak side, washs respectively with secondary deionized water and ethanol again, and vacuum filtration is 80 ℃ of following intensive dryings.The product A handled places Muffle furnace through after grinding, sieving, and heat treatment 1h under 350 ℃, inert gas shielding obtains active carbon/low dimension titanium oxide combination electrode material B., be respectively 7.5: 1.5: 1 as active material with the B material, place an amount of NMP to above-mentioned substance according to the mass ratio of active material, conductive carbon black, binding agent PVDF; Through processing uniform slurry after the magnetic agitation fully; Utilize the method for scraper curtain coating that slurry is coated on the aluminium foil, diaphragm thickness is 100um, places 80 ℃ of baking oven intensive dryings at last; Pressure at 10t carries out roll extrusion, obtains the fine and close electrode diaphragm C of electrode surface.Cut out electrode diaphragm C, in glove box, be assembled into the symmetric form ultracapacitor.Adopting organic electrolyte is 1mol/L LiPF
6Be dissolved in volume ratio and be in 1: 1 the mixed liquor of ethyl carbonate and dimethyl carbonate.Barrier film is the special-purpose polypropylene porous membrane of ultracapacitor.The ultracapacitor of assembling is 0.5mA/cm in current density
2, voltage is to carry out charge-discharge test under the condition of 0~3V; In voltage range is-2.5~2.5V, and sweep speed is to carry out the cyclic voltammetric test under the 5mV condition.
Embodiment 2
The active carbon of 0.15g rutile titanium dioxide powder and 1.5g impregnated in the 10M NaOH solution of 40ml, and 1.5h is stirred on ultrasonic limit, limit, and being transferred to volume behind the sonochemistry sufficient reacting is in the polytetrafluoroethylene hydrothermal reaction kettle of 50ml.Hydro-thermal reaction 24h obtains product A in 150 ℃ baking oven.Reaction finishes the back and with watery hydrochloric acid or nitric acid product A is washed a period of time, till pH value partial neutral or acidity on the weak side, washs respectively with secondary deionized water and ethanol again, and vacuum filtration is 80 ℃ of following intensive dryings.The product A handled places Muffle furnace through after grinding, sieving, and heat treatment 3h under 400 ℃, inert gas shielding obtains active carbon/low dimension titanium oxide combination electrode material B.With the B material as active material; Mass ratio according to active material, conductive carbon black, binding agent PVDF was respectively 8: 1: 1, placed an amount of NMP to above-mentioned substance, through processing uniform slurry after the magnetic agitation fully; Utilize the method for scraper curtain coating that slurry is coated on the aluminium foil; Diaphragm thickness is that 100um places 80 ℃ of baking oven intensive dryings at last, carries out roll extrusion at the pressure of 20t, obtains the fine and close electrode diaphragm C of electrode surface.Cut out electrode diaphragm C, in glove box, be assembled into the symmetric form ultracapacitor.Adopting organic electrolyte is that 1mol/L tetraethyl tetrafluoro boric acid amine is dissolved in the acetonitrile.Barrier film is the special-purpose polypropylene porous membrane of ultracapacitor.The ultracapacitor of assembling is 3mA/cm in current density
2, voltage is to carry out charge-discharge test under the condition of 0~3V; In voltage range is-2.5~2.5V, and sweep speed is to carry out the cyclic voltammetric test under the 10mV condition.The SEM phenogram of active carbon/low dimension titanium oxide combination electrode material electrode diaphragm, constant current charge-discharge curve are respectively like Fig. 1, shown in Figure 2.
Embodiment 3
The active carbon of 0.2g rutile titanium dioxide powder and 1.8g impregnated in the 10M NaOH solution of 40ml, and 2h is stirred on ultrasonic limit, limit, and being transferred to volume behind the sonochemistry sufficient reacting is in the polytetrafluoroethylene hydrothermal reaction kettle of 50ml.Hydro-thermal reaction 36h obtains product A in 170 ℃ baking oven.Reaction finishes the back and with watery hydrochloric acid or nitric acid product A is washed a period of time, till pH value partial neutral or acidity on the weak side, washs respectively with secondary deionized water and ethanol again, and vacuum filtration is 80 ℃ of following intensive dryings.The product A handled places Muffle furnace through after grinding, sieving, and heat treatment 2.5h under 450 ℃, inert gas shielding obtains active carbon/low dimension titanium oxide combination electrode material B., be respectively 8: 1.5: 0.5 as active material with the B material, place an amount of NMP to above-mentioned substance according to the mass ratio of active material, conductive carbon black, binding agent PVDF; Through processing uniform slurry after the magnetic agitation fully; Utilize the method for scraper curtain coating that slurry is coated on the aluminium foil, diaphragm thickness is 150um, places 80 ℃ of baking oven intensive dryings at last; Pressure at 20t carries out roll extrusion, obtains the fine and close electrode diaphragm C of electrode surface.Cut out electrode diaphragm C, in glove box, be assembled into the symmetric form ultracapacitor.Adopting organic electrolyte is in the 1mol/L tetraethyl tetrafluoro boric acid amine acetonitrile.Barrier film is the special-purpose polypropylene porous membrane of ultracapacitor.The ultracapacitor of assembling is 5mA/cm in current density
2, voltage is to carry out charge-discharge test under the condition of 0~3V; In voltage range is-2.5~2.5V, and sweep speed is to carry out the cyclic voltammetric test under the 20mV condition.
Embodiment 4
The active carbon of 0.25g rutile titanium dioxide powder and 2.25g impregnated in the 10M NaOH solution of 70ml, and 2h is stirred on ultrasonic limit, limit, and being transferred to volume behind the sonochemistry sufficient reacting is in the polytetrafluoroethylene hydrothermal reaction kettle of 100ml.Hydro-thermal reaction 36h obtains product A in 150 ℃ baking oven.Reaction finishes the back and with watery hydrochloric acid or nitric acid product A is washed a period of time, till pH value partial neutral or acidity on the weak side, washs respectively with secondary deionized water and ethanol again, and vacuum filtration is 80 ℃ of following intensive dryings.The product A handled places Muffle furnace through after grinding, sieving, and heat treatment 2h under 400 ℃, inert gas shielding obtains active carbon/low dimension titanium oxide combination electrode material B., be respectively 8.5: 1: 0.5 as active material with the B material, place an amount of NMP to above-mentioned substance according to the mass ratio of active material, conductive carbon black, binding agent PVDF; Through processing uniform slurry after the magnetic agitation fully; Utilize the method for scraper curtain coating that slurry is coated on the aluminium foil, diaphragm thickness is 200um, places 80 ℃ of baking oven intensive dryings at last; Pressure at 15t carries out roll extrusion, obtains the fine and close electrode diaphragm C of electrode surface.Cut out electrode diaphragm C, in glove box, be assembled into the symmetric form ultracapacitor.Adopting organic electrolyte is in the 1mol/L tetraethyl tetrafluoro boric acid amine acetonitrile.Barrier film is the special-purpose polypropylene porous membrane of ultracapacitor.The ultracapacitor of assembling is 7mA/cm2 in current density, and voltage is to carry out charge-discharge test under the condition of 0~3V; In voltage range is-2.5~2.5V, and sweep speed is to carry out the cyclic voltammetric test under the 30mV condition.
Embodiment 5
The active carbon of 0.3g rutile titanium dioxide powder and 2g impregnated in the 15M NaOH solution of 70ml, and 2h is stirred on ultrasonic limit, limit, and being transferred to volume behind the sonochemistry sufficient reacting is in the polytetrafluoroethylene hydrothermal reaction kettle of 100ml.Hydro-thermal reaction 48h obtains product A in 150 ℃ baking oven.Reaction finishes the back and with watery hydrochloric acid or nitric acid product A is washed a period of time, till pH value partial neutral or acidity on the weak side, washs respectively with secondary deionized water and ethanol again, and vacuum filtration is 80 ℃ of following intensive dryings.The product A handled places Muffle furnace through after grinding, sieving, and heat treatment 3h under 450 ℃, inert gas shielding obtains active carbon/low dimension titanium oxide combination electrode material B., be respectively 8.5: 1.5: 0.5 as active material with the B material, place an amount of NMP to above-mentioned substance according to the mass ratio of active material, conductive carbon black, binding agent PVDF; Through processing uniform slurry after the magnetic agitation fully; Utilize the method for scraper curtain coating that slurry is coated on the aluminium foil, diaphragm thickness is 250um, places 80 ℃ of baking oven intensive dryings at last; Pressure at 30t carries out roll extrusion, obtains the fine and close electrode diaphragm C of electrode surface.Cut out electrode diaphragm C, in glove box, be assembled into the symmetric form ultracapacitor.Adopting organic electrolyte is in the 1mol/L tetraethyl tetrafluoro boric acid amine acetonitrile.Barrier film is the special-purpose polypropylene porous membrane of ultracapacitor.The ultracapacitor of assembling is 9mA/cm in current density
2, voltage is to carry out charge-discharge test under the condition of 0~3V; In voltage range is-2.5~2.5V, and sweep speed is to carry out the cyclic voltammetric test under the 40mV condition.
Embodiment 6
The active carbon of 0.5g rutile titanium dioxide powder and 2.5g impregnated in the 10M NaOH solution of 70ml, and 2h is stirred on ultrasonic limit, limit, and being transferred to volume behind the sonochemistry sufficient reacting is in the polytetrafluoroethylene hydrothermal reaction kettle of 100ml.Hydro-thermal reaction 72h obtains product A in 150 ℃ baking oven.Reaction finishes the back and with watery hydrochloric acid or nitric acid product A is washed a period of time, till pH value partial neutral or acidity on the weak side, washs respectively with secondary deionized water and ethanol again, and vacuum filtration is 80 ℃ of following intensive dryings.The product A handled places Muffle furnace through after grinding, sieving, and heat treatment 3h under 500 ℃, inert gas shielding obtains active carbon/low dimension titanium oxide combination electrode material B., be respectively 9: 0.5: 0.5 as active material with the B material, place an amount of NMP to above-mentioned substance according to the mass ratio of active material, conductive carbon black, binding agent PVDF; Through processing uniform slurry after the magnetic agitation fully; Utilize the method for scraper curtain coating that slurry is coated on the aluminium foil, diaphragm thickness is 300um, places 80 ℃ of baking oven intensive dryings at last; Pressure at 40t carries out roll extrusion, obtains the fine and close electrode diaphragm C of electrode surface.Cut out electrode diaphragm C, in glove box, be assembled into the symmetric form ultracapacitor.Adopting organic electrolyte is in the 1mol/L tetraethyl tetrafluoro boric acid amine acetonitrile.Barrier film is the special-purpose polypropylene porous membrane of ultracapacitor.The ultracapacitor of assembling is 10mA/cm2 in current density, and voltage is to carry out charge-discharge test under the condition of 0~3V; In voltage range is-2.5~2.5V, and sweep speed is to carry out the cyclic voltammetric test under the 50mV condition.
Claims (2)
1. the preparation method of the active carbon that is used for ultracapacitor/low dimension titanium oxide combination electrode material; It is characterized in that; Said method step is: the active carbon of 0.1~0.5g rutile titanium dioxide powder and 1.5~2.5g impregnated in 10~15M NaOH solution of 40~70ml; 0.5~2h is stirred on ultrasonic limit, limit, and being transferred to volume behind the sonochemistry sufficient reacting is in the polytetrafluoroethylene hydrothermal reaction kettle of 50~100ml; Then agitated reactor is placed 150~180 ℃ baking oven, hydro-thermal reaction 18~72h; Reaction naturally cools to room temperature after finishing, with watery hydrochloric acid or rare nitric acid washed product a period of time, till pH value partial neutral or acidity on the weak side; Then wash respectively, behind the vacuum filtration, through 80 ℃ of following intensive dryings with secondary deionized water and absolute ethyl alcohol; Grind again, sieve; Placing Muffle furnace at last, is heat treatment 1~3h under 350~500 ℃, inert gas shielding in temperature, can obtain final its lytic activity charcoal/low dimension titanium oxide combination electrode material.
2. activated carbon for super capacitors/low dimension titanium oxide the combination electrode material with the described method preparation of claim 1 is the electrode diaphragm of active material, it is characterized by:
(1) mass ratio of the active carbon of preparation electrode diaphragm/low dimension titanium oxide combination electrode material, conductive carbon black, binding agent Kynoar is respectively 7.5~9: 0.5~1.5: 0.5~1;
(2) coating thickness of electrode diaphragm is 100~300um;
(3) pressure of electrode diaphragm roll extrusion is 10~40t.
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CN102354620B (en) * | 2011-10-25 | 2014-06-04 | 中国科学院过程工程研究所 | All-solid-state supercapacitor and manufacturing method thereof |
TWI434959B (en) * | 2011-12-26 | 2014-04-21 | Ind Tech Res Inst | Method of preparing an electrode material under lower temperature and shorter reaction time |
CN105097136A (en) * | 2015-09-02 | 2015-11-25 | 陈曦 | Preparation method of activated carbon electrode |
CN106098399B (en) * | 2016-05-26 | 2018-06-12 | 北京石油化工学院 | Combination electrode, ultracapacitor and preparation method thereof |
CN106929948A (en) * | 2017-01-19 | 2017-07-07 | 湖北大学 | A kind of titanium oxide meso-porous nano fiber producing processes and its application based on coaxial electrostatic spinning |
CN111613455B (en) * | 2020-06-01 | 2021-06-25 | 兰州理工大学 | Reinforced NiCo2O4Method for material specific capacitance of super capacitor material |
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