CN102072883A - Device and method for detecting comprehensive quality of crop seeds - Google Patents
Device and method for detecting comprehensive quality of crop seeds Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a device and method for detecting comprehensive quality of crop seeds. The detecting device comprises a charger (1), a conveyor belt (2), a motor (3), an imaging spectrometer (4), light sources (5), a processing unit (6) and a discharger (7), wherein the charger (1) is positioned right above one end of the conveyor belt (2); the imaging spectrometer (4) is positioned right above the middle of the conveyor belt (2) and used for acquiring a high spectrum data cube of the seeds to be detected; the motor (3) is used for driving the conveyor belt (2) to convey the seeds; the imaging spectrometer (4) is connected with the processing unit (6); and the two halogen tungsten lamp light sources (5) are positioned on two sides of the imaging spectrometer (4). The device and the method can be used for quickly and nondestructively detecting the comprehensive quality of single or multiple seeds.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to crop seeds detection technique field, particularly relate to a kind of crop seeds integrated quality pick-up unit and method.
Background technology
The exterior quality of crop seeds, constituent etc. are the important parameters of its integrated quality, and the detection of crop seeds integrated quality has great importance to grain quality classification, seed selection breeding, food processing etc.The online test method that is used for crop seeds at present has detection method and the near infrared spectrum detection method based on machine vision.Machines based on machine vision mainly is to gather the image of seed by industrial camera, obtain the external appearance characteristic parameter of seed then by image processing algorithm, as grain length, wide, the mechanical damage of grain, disease etc., thereby realize detection to the seed exterior quality, or realize seed variety ONLINE RECOGNITION etc. (referring to non-patent literature: based on the online machines of rice paddy seed quality of machine vision, agricultural research, 2009, the 10th phase, 79 pages-81 pages, 88 pages; Referring to patent: be used to write down the image of cereal-granules to detect the method and apparatus of crackle, application number: 01819050.2).Mainly obtain the spectroscopic data of seed by spectral technique based on the detection method of near infrared spectrum, the seed compositions that combined standard is measured is set up forecast model, gather the spectroscopic data of seed to be measured then, spectroscopic data is imported above-mentioned model, draw testing result, and to the result show, storage etc. is (referring to patent: a kind of cereal is carried out the method and the device thereof of Quality Detection, application number: 01140315.2).
Online test method based on machine vision is only limited to by apparent parameter detection crop seeds quality, can not carry out internal component to it and detect; The near-infrared analysis method can realize the detection of crop seeds internal component, but adopt optical fiber to receive the light that seed reflects more, seed in the moving process is because the scrambling of size shape unevenness and placement location, can only increase field range, obtain the averaged spectrum of many seeds, and be difficult to accurately obtain single seeded spectrum, therefore can only the component content of many seeds be detected, and can not realize the detection of single seed composition.
Summary of the invention
(1) technical matters that will solve
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is: at existing machine vision on-line detection method can only detect the exterior quality of seed, the method for near-infrared analysis can only realize the defective of the online detection of many seed internal components, a kind of crop seeds integrated quality on-line measuring device and method are provided, utilize imaging spectrometer to gather the high spectrum cube metadata of seed, obtain its exterior quality and internal component information then simultaneously, thereby realize the online detection of crops simple grain and many seed integrated qualities.
(2) technical scheme
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, a kind of crop seeds integrated quality on-line measuring device is provided, comprise hopper loader, travelling belt, motor, imaging spectrometer, light source, processing unit and discharger, described hopper loader be positioned at described travelling belt one end directly over, described imaging spectrometer be positioned in the middle of the described travelling belt directly over, be used to gather the high-spectral data cube, described motor is used to drive described travelling belt transmission, described imaging spectrometer is connected with described processing unit, described light source is positioned at the down either side of described imaging spectrometer, and described discharger is positioned at the other end of described travelling belt, and described processing unit is used for detecting according to described high-spectral data cube the integrated quality that comprises exterior quality parameter and internal component content of seed.
Preferably, be provided with charging door on the top of described hopper loader, the bottom is provided with conical discharging opening, and the lower end of described discharging opening is designed to be suitable for the ellipse that single seed passes through.
Preferably, described light source is positioned at the position of the down either side 45 of described imaging spectrometer.
Preferably, the vertical range of the discharging opening lower end of described hopper loader and described travelling belt is 10mm.
Preferably, the wavelength band of described imaging spectrometer images acquired is 800-2500nm.
Preferably, described processing unit comprises:
Computation subunit, the high-spectral data cube that is used for gathering according to described imaging spectrometer calculates the averaged spectrum of seed;
The predictor unit is used to utilize described averaged spectrum to predict each internal component content of seed;
Extract subelement, the high-spectral data cube that is used for gathering according to described imaging spectrometer extracts the external appearance characteristic parameter of seed;
Estimate subelement, be used for integrated quality according to described internal component content and the described seed to be measured of described external appearance characteristic parameter evaluation.
The present invention also provides a kind of crop seeds integrated quality online test method, and it comprises step:
S1, hopper loader sorts seed to be measured one by one, falls on the travelling belt when single seed arrives the lower end of discharging opening;
S2, travelling belt is sent to the imaging spectrometer below with seed;
S3, imaging spectrometer is gathered the high-spectral data cube of seed, and sends the data that collect to processing unit;
S4, processing unit detect the integrated quality that comprises exterior quality parameter and internal component content of seed according to described high-spectral data cube.
Preferably, comprise the method for extracting seed external appearance characteristic parameter among the described step S4, be specially:
S4-1, the image of selection specific band;
S4-2 does pre-service to the image of described specific band;
S4-3 extracts the external appearance characteristic parameter to pretreated image.
Preferably, comprise the method for internal component content in the prediction seed among the described step S4, it specifically comprises:
S4-1 ', the high-spectral data cube according to seed obtains single seeded image outline and position coordinates, extracts the spectrum of each pixel in this seed, and calculates averaged spectrum;
S4-2 ' is by the detection by quantitative result of standard method of measurement acquisition seed compositions content;
S4-3 ' carries out pre-service to the averaged spectrum that obtains among the S4-1 ';
S4-4 ' utilizes the pretreated spectroscopic data that obtains among the seed compositions content quantitative testing result that obtains among the S4-2 ' and the S4-3 ', adopts chemometrics method to set up mathematical model between spectrum and the component content;
S4-5 ' with the described mathematical model of high-spectral data cube substitution of seed, dopes the content of each internal component.
(3) beneficial effect
With respect to the seed on-line detecting system based on machine vision, the present invention not only can measure seed exterior quality parameter, also can measure the internal component parameter of seed, realizes the measurement of seed integrated quality.With respect to existing on-line measurement system based near infrared spectrum, the present invention not only can measure a certain amount of many seed compositions, and can realize the measurement of single seed composition, thereby is particularly suitable for the application of aspects such as seed purity detection, breed breeding.The advantage that device provided by the invention has fast, can't harm, detects automatically can be widely used in grain depot, flour mill, grease factory, breed breeding, the variety and quality supervision department fast detecting to the crop seeds quality.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the crop seeds integrated quality on-line measuring device structural representation according to embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the crop seeds integrated quality online test method process flow diagram according to embodiment of the present invention.
Wherein, 1: hopper loader; 2: travelling belt; 3: motor; 4: imaging spectrometer; 5: light source; 6: processing unit; 7: discharger; 8: seed.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the specific embodiment of the present invention is described in further detail.Following examples are used to illustrate the present invention, but are not used for limiting the scope of the invention.
As shown in Figure 1, the embodiment of the invention provides a kind of crop seeds integrated quality on-line measuring device, it comprises hopper loader 1, travelling belt 2, motor 3, imaging spectrometer 4, light source 5, processing unit 6, described hopper loader 1 be positioned at described travelling belt 2 one ends directly over, described imaging spectrometer 4 be positioned in the middle of the described travelling belt 2 directly over, be used to gather the high-spectral data cube of seed to be measured, described motor 3 is used to drive described travelling belt 2 transmissions, described imaging spectrometer 4 is connected with described processing unit 6, described two halogen tungsten lamp light sources 5 are two, the both sides that it lays respectively at described imaging spectrometer 4 are 45 ° of irradiations.Described pick-up unit also comprises the discharger 7 that is positioned at described travelling belt 2 other ends.Be provided with bigger charging door on the top of described hopper loader 1, make things convenient for charging, the bottom is provided with oval discharging opening, and its diameter is designed to only allow single seed to pass through.The vertical range of the discharging opening of described hopper loader 1 and described travelling belt 2 is 10mm.The wavelength band of described imaging spectrometer 4 images acquired is 800-2500nm.
Imaging spectrometer 4 is cores in the described device.In the high spectrum image gatherer process, the reflected light of sample sees through the grating slit, through imaging on the two-dimensional CCD detecting element after the chromatic dispersion, the every frame of imaging spectrometer can only scan the spectrum data of delegation's pixel, along with evenly moving of sample, imaging spectrometer is realized the scanner uni splicing of multirow pixel, so just can collect the two dimensional image of sample, and make each pixel in the image that the reflective light intensity data of a corresponding hundreds of spectral band all be arranged, make imaging spectrometer data become a data cube.The wavelength band of the image of imaging spectrometer collection is 800-2500nm, i.e. near-infrared band, and this wave band has comprised main nutrition composition (for example moisture, protein, starch, fat) the characteristic of correspondence wave band of seed.
Light source 5 is the halogen tungsten lamp light source in the described device, and the wavelength of light emitted scope is 400-3000nm, contains the required wave band of imaging spectrometer 4 images acquired.The intensity of illumination and homogeneity have very big influence to the quality of the collection of illustrative plates of collection, and over-exposed, under-exposed, uneven illumination is even can to make data analysis that certain error is arranged, so will choose best condition of work by the method that blank is proofreaied and correct.
In the described device, processing unit 6 can adopt computing machine, is used for a large amount of spectrum datas that storage of collected arrives, and detects the integrated quality of crop seeds by the related data disposal route.
The crop seeds integrated quality online test method of the embodiment of the invention as shown in Figure 2.The top of hopper loader 1 is set to bigger charging door in the described device, makes things convenient for charging, and the bottom is a discharging opening, and discharging opening is oval, and can only allow single seed to pass through.For dissimilar crop seeds, the outlet size difference.Contain the electromagnetic shock box in the hopper loader, seed is sorted one by one, and seed falls when arriving discharging opening, cuts off light path, form a pulse, stop vibrations by circuit controling electromagnetism vibrations box, after reaching preset time, the electromagnetism box shakes once more, next seed is freely fallen, so can realize single seed is dropped on the belt evenly, making just has a seed in every image of spectrometer collection, and can realize the continuous acquisition of all drawing of seeds pictures on the travelling belt.
Be designed to a rectangular recess in the described device in the middle of the travelling belt 2, recess width is bigger a little than single seed, and single seed is just fallen in the groove from the hopper loader outlet.The distance of hopper loader discharging opening and belt is little in addition, is 10mm, and the position, back is unfixing in order to avoid seed drops.
The crop seeds integrated quality online test method of the embodiment of the invention as shown in Figure 2 comprises step: S1, and hopper loader sorts seed to be measured one by one, falls on the travelling belt when single seed arrives feed opening; S2, travelling belt is sent to the imaging spectrometer below with seed; S3, imaging spectrometer is gathered the high-spectral data cube of seed, and sends the data that collect to processing unit; S4, processing unit detect the integrated quality that comprises exterior quality parameter and internal component of seed according to described high-spectral data cube.
The described method of obtaining crop seeds exterior quality parameter may further comprise the steps:
1, selects the image of specific band.In the high-spectral data cube that is obtained, piece image of corresponding seed all under each wavelength, under different wave length, the feature difference of seed is very big, because the wavelength coverage of gathering collection of illustrative plates is at 800-2500nm, therefore the image under each wavelength is different with the RGB figure of visible region, and the image that needs selection can react under certain wavelength of seed appearance information is analyzed.For wheat seed, preferred wavelength band is: 900-950nm, 1288-1328nm, 1866-1906nm.
2, image pre-service.To crop seeds, common image pre-processing method has Threshold Segmentation, burn into expansion etc.
3, the external appearance characteristic parameter extraction of seed.By Edge extraction, obtain particle shape (length, width, length breadth ratio, area), the exterior quality parameter informations such as grain look, plumpness of seed.
The detection of described crop seeds internal component, the component data that standard method is measured combine with spectroscopic data, and set up the content of the relevant composition of mathematical model prediction, and key step is:
1, at the high-spectral data cube of crop seeds, under a certain wave band, obtains single seeded image outline and position coordinates, extract the spectrum of each pixel in this seed then according to coordinate, and calculate averaged spectrum by background segment.
2, obtain the detection by quantitative result of the relevant composition of crop seeds by GB specified standard measuring method.As surveying thick protein with Kjeldahl method, survey moisture with oven drying method, survey fat with soxhlet extraction.The measurement of described seed components standard value, if seed weight is too little, do not satisfy the minimal sample amount of national standard method regulation, then shape, color, the similar seed of quality are put together and measure its chemical score, and corresponding averaged spectrum is also calculated acquisition by many seeds.
3, the averaged spectrum data of selected crop seeds are carried out pre-service, preprocess method comprises calculating reflection strength, reflectivity, absorbance, first order derivative, second derivative etc.
4, utilize the measured value and the spectroscopic data of seed compositions, the employing chemometrics method is set up the mathematical model between spectrum and the composition, and described chemometrics method comprises polynomial regression, partial least squares regression, support vector regression etc.When setting up model, need to collect the representative sample of some, cover range of application in the future.
5, the model that will set up is inserted in the computer software, and to the unknown species subsample, imaging spectrometer is gathered the high-spectral data cube of this seed, and calculates the averaged spectrum of this seed in real time, goes out the content of each nutrition composition according to model prediction.Simultaneously, software also can extract the external appearance characteristic parameter of this seed.
6, last, computer software is estimated the crop seeds integrated quality in conjunction with the apparent parameter and the ingredient prediction result of seed, evaluation result is shown in real time, and store in the database.
The present invention is an example explanation embodiment with the online detection of wheat seed integrated quality.Choose No. 8, Handan 6172, Shijiazhuang, raised No. 7 four strains of wheat 13 and Zheng Nong, from each kind, chosen 100 seeds respectively and measure, therefrom chosen 70 seeds more respectively and be used for setting up model, remainingly be used for online detection.At first survey the gross protein value of seed with Kjeldahl method, gather the four strains spectrum data of totally 280 seeds with imaging spectrometer again, set up the model of spectroscopic data and gross protein value then with Chemical Measurement software, obtain institute's test sample exterior quality parameter originally by image processing algorithm simultaneously.At last model and the exterior quality parameter extracting method of being set up imported in the process software of wheat seed integrated quality detection system.
Next remaining wheat seed is carried out online detection, online detection step is: at first open light source, after 15 minutes spectrometer being carried out blank proofreaies and correct, adjust the aperture of spectrometer, the scanning frame frequency, parameters such as focusing ring position, with the motor Control Software suitable belt travelling speed is set again, at last wheat seed is put into charging door, starter motor and image capture software, beginning online acquisition seed spectrum data, the process software of integrated quality detection system imports the data that collect in real time, carry out the calculating of exterior quality parameter and seed compositions content, and preservation result of calculation, the determination data of seed outward appearance and internal parameters and comprehensive evaluation result on the detection system software interface then.
The s main working parameters of example of the present invention is: the wavelength band of the image that spectrometer collects is 800-2500nm, and lens focus is 90mm, and operating distance is 90mm, and belt movement speed is 0.9702mm/s, and frame frequency is 15fps, and the image size is the 320x240 pixel.
In the method for the present invention, having selected wave band is the exterior quality parameter of the image calculation wheat seed of 1308nm.
Key problem in technology point of the present invention is:
1, adopts the characteristics of imaging spectrometer collection of illustrative plates unification, the online high spectrum image that obtains seed, according to the cubical processing of high-spectral data, obtain exterior quality and the internal component content of crops simultaneously, thereby realize the online detection and the evaluation of seed integrated quality.
2, the wavelength band of the image of imaging spectrometer collection is 800-2500nm, i.e. near-infrared band.The principal ingredient of crop seeds, as the characteristic wave bands of protein, fat, starch all in the near-infrared band scope.
3, native system need be proofreaied and correct, and determines best online testing conditions by methods such as blank correction, focusings.
4, the image that needs selection can react under certain wavelength of seed appearance information is analyzed, thereby obtains seed external appearance characteristic parameter.
5,, the high-spectral data cube of the similar seed of many qualities is calculated averaged spectrum, and many seeds are put together with national standard method bioassay standard value, thereby set up the seed components forecast model for the difficult point problem of single seed component calibration.
6, in the device provided by the invention, need guarantee that the frame frequency of conveyer belt speed and imaging spectral images acquired is complementary, promptly calculate the conveyer belt speed of frame frequency correspondence, make the anamorphose of collection less according to formula.
As can be seen from the above embodiments, with respect to the seed on-line detecting system based on machine vision, the present invention not only can measure seed exterior quality parameter, also can measure the internal component parameter of seed, realizes the measurement of seed integrated quality.With respect to existing on-line measurement system based near infrared spectrum, the present invention not only can measure a certain amount of many seed compositions, and can realize the measurement of single seed composition, thereby is particularly suitable for the application of aspects such as seed purity detection, breed breeding.The advantage that device provided by the invention has fast, can't harm, detects automatically can be widely used in grain depot, flour mill, grease factory, breed breeding, the variety and quality supervision department fast detecting to the crop seeds quality.
The above only is a preferred implementation of the present invention; should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, under the prerequisite that does not break away from the technology of the present invention principle; can also make some improvement and modification, these improve and modification also should be considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. crop seeds integrated quality pick-up unit, it is characterized in that, described pick-up unit comprises hopper loader (1), travelling belt (2), motor (3), imaging spectrometer (4), light source (5), processing unit (6) and discharger (7), described hopper loader (1) be positioned at described travelling belt (2) one ends directly over, described imaging spectrometer (4) be positioned in the middle of the described travelling belt (2) directly over, be used to gather the high-spectral data cube, described motor (3) is used to drive described travelling belt (2) transmission, described imaging spectrometer (4) is connected with described processing unit (6), described light source (5) is positioned at the down either side of described imaging spectrometer (4), and described discharger (7) is positioned at the other end of described travelling belt (2), and described processing unit (6) is used for detecting according to described high-spectral data cube the integrated quality that comprises exterior quality parameter and internal component content of seed (8).
2. crop seeds integrated quality pick-up unit as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, top at described hopper loader (1) is provided with charging door, and the bottom is provided with conical discharging opening, and the lower end of described discharging opening is designed to be suitable for the ellipse that single seed passes through.
3. crop seeds integrated quality pick-up unit as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that described light source (5) is positioned at the position of the down either side 45 of described imaging spectrometer (4).
4. crop seeds integrated quality pick-up unit as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, the vertical range of the discharging opening lower end of described hopper loader (1) and described travelling belt (2) is 10mm.
5. crop seeds integrated quality pick-up unit as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, the wavelength band of described imaging spectrometer (4) images acquired is 800-2500nm.
6. as each described crop seeds integrated quality pick-up unit of claim 1-5, it is characterized in that described processing unit (6) comprising:
Computation subunit, the high-spectral data cube that is used for gathering according to described imaging spectrometer (4) calculates the averaged spectrum of seed;
The predictor unit is used to utilize described averaged spectrum to predict each internal component content of seed;
Extract subelement, the high-spectral data cube that is used for gathering according to described imaging spectrometer (4) extracts the external appearance characteristic parameter of seed;
Estimate subelement, be used for integrated quality according to described internal component content and the described seed to be measured of described external appearance characteristic parameter evaluation.
7. crop seeds integrated quality detection method is characterized in that described detection method comprises step:
S1, hopper loader (1) sorts seed to be measured (8) one by one, falls on the travelling belt (2) when single seed arrives the lower end of discharging opening;
S2, travelling belt (2) is sent to imaging spectrometer (4) below with seed (8);
S3, imaging spectrometer (4) is gathered the high-spectral data cube of seed (8), and sends the data that collect to processing unit (6);
S4, processing unit (6) detect the integrated quality that comprises exterior quality parameter and internal component content of seed according to described high-spectral data cube.
8. crop seeds integrated quality detection method as claimed in claim 7 is characterized in that, comprises the method for extracting seed external appearance characteristic parameter among the described step S4, is specially:
S4-1, the image of selection specific band;
S4-2 does pre-service to the image of described specific band;
S4-3 extracts the external appearance characteristic parameter to pretreated image.
9. crop seeds integrated quality detection method as claimed in claim 7 is characterized in that, comprises the method for internal component content in the prediction seed among the described step S4, specifically comprises:
S4-1 ', the high-spectral data cube according to seed obtains single seeded image outline and position coordinates, extracts the spectrum of each pixel in this seed, and calculates averaged spectrum;
S4-2 ' is by the detection by quantitative result of standard method of measurement acquisition seed compositions content;
S4-3 ' carries out pre-service to the averaged spectrum that obtains among the S4-1 ';
S4-4 ' utilizes the pretreated spectroscopic data that obtains among the seed compositions content quantitative testing result that obtains among the S4-2 ' and the S4-3 ', adopts chemometrics method to set up mathematical model between spectrum and the component content;
S4-5 ' with the described mathematical model of high-spectral data cube substitution of seed, dopes the content of each internal component.
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