CN102072121B - Method for starting heat engine - Google Patents
Method for starting heat engine Download PDFInfo
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- CN102072121B CN102072121B CN201010621707.6A CN201010621707A CN102072121B CN 102072121 B CN102072121 B CN 102072121B CN 201010621707 A CN201010621707 A CN 201010621707A CN 102072121 B CN102072121 B CN 102072121B
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Abstract
A method for starting a heat engine involves that an element of a heat engine is exposed to a heat energy; the heat energy is provided by the temperature difference between a heat source with a first temperature and a heat sink with a second temperature which is lower than the first temperature. The element is formed by a first shape memory alloy, and the first shape memory alloy has a crystalline phase which can respond to the temperature difference between the heat source and the heat sink and is transformable between austenite and martensite at the first transformation temperature. The method also involves that the crystalline phase of the first shape memory alloy is changed to transform heat energy into mechanical energy and the initial movement of the element is initiated in the desired running direction so as to starting the heat engine.
Description
The cross reference of related application
This application claims the U.S. Provisional Patent Application No.61/263 submitted on November 20th, 2009, the rights and interests of 180, quote its full content at this and be incorporated to herein.
Technical field
Present invention relates in general to a kind of method of starting heat engine.
Background technique
Heat energy is a kind of form of energy, is produced by the temperature difference between object, region and/or fluid.Such as, the main region of system can have the temperature relatively higher than the secondary regions of system, because herein is provided heat energy source.In addition, this heat energy can change other forms of energy into, such as mechanical or electrical energy.
Summary of the invention
Start a method for heat engine, the method comprises the component exposure of heat engine to heat energy.This heat energy by have the first temperature thermal source and have second temperature lower than the first temperature heat sink between temperature difference provide.This element is formed by the first marmem, this first marmem have in response to thermal source and heat sink between the crystallised phase variable between austenite and martensite when first-phase temperature of temperature difference.The crystallised phase that the method also comprises change first marmem with thermal energy for mechanical energy, and on expected traffic direction initiation element initial movement thus start described heat engine.
In a modification, this element is formed by continuous loop, component exposure is comprised isolator to the step of heat energy is set to the second place from primary importance.This isolator is constructed to an element and thermal source is separated, and is arranged between element and thermal source in primary importance.This isolator is not arranged between element and thermal source in the second place.The method also comprises, the crystallised phase of the first marmem causes the first marmem in the dimensional contraction of regional area from martensite to austenitic change in response to thermal source, the crystallised phase of the first marmem from austenite to martensitic change in response to heat sink first marmem that causes at the size expansion of regional area, both hocket, thus are mechanical energy thermal energy.The method also comprises, by activating the starting mechanism that is configured to foot pedal starting heat engine on expected traffic direction the initial movement of initiation element, thus start heat engine.
In another modification, the method comprises described element is set to have with thermal source the not enough hot relation that the crystallization phase transformation of the first marmem occurs, and to stop the motion of described element on expected traffic direction, thus stops described heat engine.
The method enables heat engine effectively start.Especially, this method provide the foot pedal starting function of heat engine, this is useful after heat engine not usage time interval or after temporarily stopping working.
By the enforcement optimal mode of the present invention described in detail by reference to the accompanying drawings as follows, above-mentioned feature and advantage of the present invention and other feature and advantage will become obvious.
Present invention also offers following technological scheme:
1, start a method for heat engine, the method comprises:
The component exposure of heat engine to heat energy, this heat energy by have the first temperature thermal source and have second temperature lower than the first temperature heat sink between temperature difference provide, wherein this element is formed by the first marmem, this first marmem have in response to thermal source and heat sink between temperature difference when first-phase temperature between austenite and martensite transformable crystallised phase;
Change the crystallised phase of the first marmem thus be mechanical energy thermal energy; And
On expected traffic direction initiation element initial movement thus start described heat engine.
2, the method as described in scheme 1, wherein, crystallised phase makes the first marmem in regional area dimensional contraction from martensite to austenitic change in response to thermal source.
3, the method as described in scheme 2, wherein, crystallised phase from austenite to martensitic change in response to heat sink first marmem that makes at regional area size expansion.
4, the method as described in scheme 3, wherein, the first marmem hockets at regional area size expansion in regional area dimensional contraction with in response to heat sink in response to thermal source, thus is mechanical energy thermal energy.
5, the method as described in scheme 1, wherein, described initiation step comprises the starting mechanism activating and be configured to foot pedal starting heat engine.
6, the method as described in scheme 5, wherein, described initiation step comprises the component that hot activation has second-phase temperature, and this second-phase temperature is lower than first-phase temperature.
7, the method as described in scheme 5, wherein, described initiation step comprises guiding fluid and flows through described element thus change the temperature of described element.
8, the method as described in scheme 5, wherein, described initiation step comprises to described heat engine transmission kinetic energy.
9, the method as described in scheme 5, wherein, it is kinetic energy that described initiation step comprises converting electric energy.
10, the method as described in scheme 5, wherein, described initiation step comprises and operates heat engine asymmetrically.
11, the method as described in scheme 10, wherein, described operating procedure comprises makes described element move along multiple pulley, and wherein said element is constructed to continuous loop, and described pulley is constructed to support described element.
12, the method as described in scheme 11, wherein, the first marmem is in response to thermal source in regional area dimensional contraction, and at another regional area size expansion, both hocket in response to heat sink, thus are mechanical energy thermal energy.
13, the method as described in scheme 1, wherein, described exposing step comprises unblock locking engagement, and this locking engagement is constructed to described element to be set to have with thermal source the insufficient heating power relation being not enough to the crystallised phase of the first marmem is changed.
14, the method as described in scheme 1, wherein, described exposing step comprises isolator is set to the second place from primary importance, wherein this isolator is arranged between element and thermal source in primary importance, thus element and thermal source are separated, wherein this isolator is not arranged between element and thermal source in the second place, thus gives thermal source component exposure.
15, the method as described in scheme 1, wherein, described change step is included on expected traffic direction and runs described heat engine.
16, the method as described in scheme 15, wherein, described initiation step comprises and prevents heat engine from running on the traffic direction of non-expectation.
17, start a method for heat engine, the method comprises:
The component exposure of heat engine to heat energy, this heat energy by have the first temperature thermal source and have second temperature lower than the first temperature heat sink between temperature difference provide, wherein this element is constructed to continuous loop and is formed by the first marmem, this first marmem have in response to thermal source and heat sink between temperature difference when first-phase temperature between austenite and martensite transformable crystallised phase;
Wherein exposing step comprises and arranges isolator, stops when this isolator is constructed to change from primary importance to the second place between element and thermal source;
Wherein isolator is arranged between element and thermal source in primary importance, and wherein isolator is not arranged between element and thermal source in the second place;
The crystallised phase of the first marmem causes the first marmem in regional area dimensional contraction from martensite to austenitic change in response to thermal source, the crystallised phase of the first marmem from austenite to martensitic change in response to heat sink first marmem that causes at regional area size expansion, both hocket, thus are mechanical energy thermal energy; And
By activating the starting mechanism that is configured to foot pedal starting heat engine on expected traffic direction the initial movement of initiation element, thus start heat engine.
18, the method as described in scheme 17, wherein said initiation step comprises and prevents heat engine from running on the traffic direction of non-expectation.
19, start a method for heat engine, the method comprises:
The component exposure of heat engine to heat energy, this heat energy by have the first temperature thermal source and have second temperature lower than the first temperature heat sink between temperature difference provide, wherein this element is formed by the first marmem, this first marmem have in response to thermal source and heat sink between temperature difference when first-phase temperature between austenite and martensite transformable crystallised phase;
Change the crystallised phase of the first marmem thus be mechanical energy thermal energy;
On expected traffic direction initiation element initial movement thus start described heat engine; And
Described element is set to have with thermal source the hot relation that the crystallised phase that is not enough to generation first marmem changes, to stop the motion of described element on expected traffic direction, thus described heat engine of stopping using.
20, the method as described in scheme 19, wherein, setting steps comprises to be separated element and thermal source by isolator being arranged between element and thermal source.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Figure 1A is configured to be the schematic diagram of the heat engine of mechanical energy, heat energy and heat engine starting mechanism by thermal energy, and wherein starting mechanism is arranged on primary importance;
Figure 1B is the schematic diagram of heat engine in Figure 1A, and wherein starting mechanism is arranged on the second place;
Fig. 2 A is the perspective illustration of heat engine in Figure 1A and 1B, and the modification of the starting mechanism of Figure 1A and 1B comprises locking engagement; And
Fig. 2 B is the perspective illustration of heat engine in Figure 1A and 1B, and another modification of locking engagement in Fig. 2 A;
Fig. 3 is the perspective illustration of heat engine in Figure 1A and 1B, and another modification of the starting mechanism of Figure 1A and 1B comprises hot activation component; And
Fig. 4 is the perspective illustration of heat engine in Figure 1A and 1B, and another modification of the starting mechanism of Figure 1A and 1B comprises source of potential energy.
Embodiment
With reference to accompanying drawing, wherein same reference character represents same element, and in Fig. 1, heat engine represents by 10 generally.Heat engine 10 is constructed to a heat energy, such as heat, changes mechanical energy into, is hereafter described in detail this.The invention discloses a kind of method of starting heat engine 10.The method can be useful for automobile application, includes but not limited to engine-cooling system, vehicle exhaust system, power system and electrical system.But the method also can be useful for non-automotive applications, such as but not limited to domestic heating, ventilating and air conditioning system.
Referring now to Figure 1A and 1B, heat engine 10 can operate in response to heat energy, hereafter will have more detailed description.Like this, the method comprises the element 12 of heat engine 10 is exposed to heat energy.This heat energy is by having the first temperature T
1thermal source 14 and have than the first temperature T
1the second low temperature T
2heat sink (heatsink) 16 between temperature difference Δ T provide.That is, the first temperature T
1higher than and be different from the second temperature T
2.Such as, the first temperature T
1with the second temperature T
2between temperature difference Δ T may be little of about 5 DEG C and be no more than about 100 DEG C.In other words, temperature difference Δ T may be more than or equal to about 5 DEG C and be less than or equal to about 30 DEG C, such as, be less than or equal to about 10 DEG C.Although do not illustrate, as nonrestrictive example, temperature difference Δ T may be present between catalytic converter, battery case, speed changer, wheel, break, vibration damper, radiator, heat exchanger, silencing apparatus, turbo machine/pressurized machine, bound cell, vehicle exterior trim or their inside.That is, temperature difference Δ T may be present between engine lubrication system, engine-cooling system, battery cooling system etc. or their inside.
Choose the group that thermal source 14 and heat sink 16 all can be formed from gas, liquid, solid and their combination.Such as, at least one in thermal source 14 and heat sink 16 can be gas, such as, be the ambient air in the part of vehicle (not shown) toxic emission or outside vehicle environment.In addition, thermal source 14 can have different forms or phase from heat sink 16.Such as, thermal source 14 can be gaseous state and heat sink 16 can be liquid.In addition, thermal source 14 can be identical with the composition of heat sink 16, also can be different from the composition of heat sink 16.In a modification, thermal source 14 and heat sink 16 is all the exhaust from vehicle, but the exhaust of thermal source 14 can have the first temperature T
1, its higher than heat sink 16 the second temperature T of exhaust
2.That is, as mentioned above, the exhaust of the comparable thermal source of the exhaust of heat sink 16 14 is colder.Or heat sink 16 is external environment conditions of vehicle (not shown), such as, be the relatively cold air stream flowing through vehicle during vehicle travels.
Describe another modification with reference to Fig. 2 A-4, thermal source 14 and heat sink 16 can be all solid, such as outlet pipe, pipeline, roller, idle pulley 58,60 (Fig. 2 A), and/or such as other solid-state vehicle components.In this modification, as shown in figure Fig. 2 A-4, thermal source 14 and/or heat sink 16 also can comprise multiple contact object 18, and these contact objects are configured to, from thermal source 14 and/or heat sink 16 transferring heat, hereafter have more detailed description.
Refer again to Figure 1A-4, the element 12 of heat engine 10 is formed by the first marmem, this first marmem has crystallised phase (crystallographic phase) variable between austenite and martensite, and this change occurs in first-phase temperature T
trans1under, and in response to the temperature difference Δ T between thermal source 14 and heat sink 16.That is, the first marmem has specific phase transition temperature T
trans1, this first marmem changes between each crystallised phase when this phase transition temperature.
Said term " marmem " refers to have shape memory effect herein, and the alloy that these characteristics of its rigidity, rebound degree and/or shape stability can change fast.That is, the first marmem experiences solid-state crystallised phase change by molecule or crystal restructuring, is change between " austenite " mutually to be " martensite " and austenite at martensitic phase.In other words, the first marmem can experience displacement phase transition but not diffuse phase transition, to change between martensite and austenite.Displacement phase transition is defined as structural change, and this change produced relative to the synergy movement of adjacent atom or atom in groups by atom or atom in groups.On the whole, martensitic phase relates to the phase of relatively lower temp, usually has more deformability mutually than the austenite of comparative high temperature.
First marmem starts to be called martensite start temperature Ms from the austenite temperature that martensitic phase changes in opposite directions.First marmem completes and is called that martensite completes temperature M from the austenite temperature that martensitic phase changes in opposite directions
f, or first-phase temperature T
trans1.Similarly, when the first marmem is heated, the temperature that the first marmem starts from martensitic phase to austenite phase transformation is called austenite start temperature As.The temperature that first marmem completes from martensitic phase to austenite phase transformation is called that austenite completes temperature A
f, or first-phase temperature T
trans1.
Therefore, the element 12 formed by the first marmem can have cold conditions feature, that is, when the temperature of the first marmem completes temperature M lower than the martensite of this first marmem
for first-phase temperature T
trans1time.Similarly, element 12 also can have hot feature, that is, when the temperature of the first marmem completes temperature A higher than the austenite of this first marmem
for first-phase temperature T
trans1time.
Return method of the present invention, in a nonrestrictive modification, the step element 12 of heat engine 10 being exposed to heat energy can comprise and arranges isolator 20 (Figure 1A-2B), and this isolator is constructed to element 12 be separated from thermal source 14 from primary importance (substantially illustrating with 22 at Figure 1A) to the second place (substantially illustrating with 24 at Figure 1B).Isolator 20 is arranged between element 12 and thermal source 14 in primary importance 22, thus element 12 is separated from thermal source 14; Isolator 20 is not arranged between element 12 and thermal source 14 in the second place 24, thus element 12 is exposed to thermal source 14.That is, when isolator 20 is arranged on primary importance 22, the hot-fluid (being shown in the arrow 26 of Figure 1A and 1B) between thermal source 14 and element 12 can be stopped at least in part.
Isolator 20 can be any suitable device that (Figure 1A) is suitable for stopping at least in part the hot-fluid 26 from thermal source 14 to element 12 when it is arranged on primary importance 22.Such as, isolator 20 can be Thermal packer, and it is constructed to isolated from thermal source 14 to the heat of element 12.As a nonrestrictive example, this Thermal packer can be ceramic screened body, is constructed to stop the hot-fluid 26 (Figure 1A) from thermal source 14 to heat sink 16.
Refer again to Figure 1A and 1B, isolator 20 can be movably relative to thermal source 14.That is, isolator 20 along the direction shown in the arrow 28 of Figure 1A and 1B, in the plane perpendicular to hot-fluid 26, can sliding, therefore can stop when being arranged in primary importance 22 that hot-fluid 26 flows to element 12 in heat engine 10.Such as, the variable position of isolator 20 between element 12 and thermal source 14.Therefore, isolator 20 has suitable size and dimension to be set up between element 12 and thermal source 14 and/or to slide.
Be in operation; such as between heat engine 10 down period; isolator 20 can move to the primary importance 22 (Figure 1A) between element 12 and thermal source 14; thus fully element 12 stopped from thermal source 14 or keep apart; make the first marmem not change crystallised phase, hereafter have more detailed description.
Similarly, heat engine 10 during starts and/or flame-out after, the step that element 12 is exposed to heat energy can be comprised isolator 20 is moved to the second place 24 (Figure 1B) away from element 12, isolator 20 is not arranged between thermal source 14 and element 12, thus element 12 is exposed to thermal source 14.In this second place 24, at least part of hot-fluid 26 is also present between thermal source 14 and element 12.
In another modification, although do not illustrate, element 12, but not isolator 20, also can move relative to thermal source 14.That is, isolator 20 can be fixing and element 12 can be movably.Therefore, step element 12 being exposed to heat energy can comprise, and such as, heat engine 10 and/or element 12 is moved away from isolator 20 at least in part, and during starts and/or after stopping working moves in hot-fluid 26 in heat engine 10.
For this modification, between heat engine 10 down period, element 12 can be kept apart with thermal source 14.Such as, the step of isolated component 12 can comprise heat engine 10 and/or element 12 are moved to primary importance 22 (Figure 1A), and element 12 and thermal source 14 are kept apart.That is, isolation step can comprise and fully element 12 and thermal source 14 being kept apart, and such as, by moving isolator 20, makes the first marmem not change crystallised phase.
Therefore, the step that element 12 is exposed to heat energy can be increased the hot-fluid 26 flowing to heat engine 10.Such as, isolator 20 can be constructed to lens or mirror, thus when isolator 20 is arranged on the second place 24, hot-fluid 26 is reflected, focuses on or be directed to heat engine 10.Therefore, isolator 20 can allow the temperature of element 12 to increase.Such as, this configuration is useful for the heat energy comprising infrared radiation or light.
Refer again to Fig. 2 A and 2B and describe the method for starting heat engine 10, alternatively or extraly, step element 12 being exposed to heat energy can comprise unblock locking engagement 30, this locking engagement is constructed to, element 12 is set, the hot relation that crystallised phase element 12 and thermal source 14 being in be not enough to generation first marmem changes.That is, locking engagement 30 can be constructed to, and arranges element 12, makes the first marmem not change crystallised phase.Such as, locking engagement 30 can comprise cursor (not shown), and this cursor is rotatably to engage and to depart from.
In a modification of heat engine 10 shown in Fig. 2 A, locking engagement 30 can remain on primary importance 22 (Figure 1A) isolator 20, and the hot-fluid 26 (Figure 1A) from thermal source 14 to element 12 is stopped.That is, when heat engine 10 needs to be in non-operating state, when namely shutting down, locking engagement 30 can keep or otherwise arrange isolator 20, makes element 12 and thermal source 14 or heat sink 16 not have sufficient hot relation crystallised phase occurring and changes.Such as, as shown in Figure 2 A, locking engagement 30 is constructed to an isolator 20 and is arranged between thermal source 14 and heat sink 16, to stop the hot-fluid 26 (Figure 1A) flowing to element 12.Otherwise, when heat engine 10 needs to be in running state, namely in heat engine 10 during starts, unlock locking engagement 30 and can discharge isolator 20, isolator 20 can be moved along the direction of arrow 28, thus element 12 is arranged on the second place 24 (Figure 1B), that is, there is with thermal source 14 sufficient hot relation crystallised phase occurring and changes.
Therefore, as shown in Figure 2 A, for this method, the step of exposure can comprise and unlocks locking engagement 30 and isolator 20 is arranged on both combination of the second place 24 (Figure 1B), and such as, isolator is Thermal packer mentioned above.Namely, unlock locking engagement 30 and isolator 20 can be arranged on the second place 24 (Figure 1B), therefore element 12 is arranged to have hot relation with thermal source 14, such as, contact with multiple object 18 that contacts, the crystallised phase of the first marmem is changed.By a nonrestrictive example, contact 18 can be flexible brush, and it can affect the conduction between thermal source 14 and element 12.In another example, multiple contact object 18 can be roller, and it is constructed to engage with element 12.Although not shown, multiple contact object 18 can also extend from element 12, makes element 12 comprise multiple flexible brush.
Refer again to Fig. 2 A, the modification of heat engine 10 comprises multiple heat conductive contact object 18, to the locking of locking engagement 30 can holding member 12 with contact object 18 and separate, thus stop heat transfer.Otherwise when needs heat engine 10 is in running state, the method can comprise unblock or release locking engagement 30.Namely, unlock locking engagement 30 can discharge or otherwise arrange the element 12 formed by the first marmem, make itself and thermal source 14 and heat sink 16 each there is hot relation, such as, with contact 18, there is conductive contacts, thus make the first marmem to change crystallised phase.
In another modification shown in Fig. 2 B, element 12 can be held in the locking of locking engagement 30, with thermal source 14, there is insufficient hot relation, to prevent element 12 from moving, such as, move.That is, element 12 can be remained on the position of needs to the locking of locking engagement 30, make the motion of element 12, such as, the size expansion replaced and contraction can not occur.Therefore, allow element 12 to move along direction shown in Fig. 2 B arrow 32 to the unblock of locking engagement 30, that is, move perpendicular to hot-fluid 26 (Figure 1A) in heat engine 10.
Locking engagement 30 also comprises coupling 34, and it is configured to advance heat engine 10 in a desired direction when locking engagement 30 is released or unlocks.In other words, coupling 34 can need traffic direction on " foot pedal starting " heat engine 10, such as clockwise direction.Coupling 34 can be impel any suitable device or system that advance heat engine 10 in a desired direction.Such as, coupling 34 can comprise cam, rotating disk, inclined-plane or their combination.In a modification, the traffic direction that coupling 34 can need with heat engine 10 moves abreast, and can comprise arm (not shown), and this arm rotates to engage and departs from.
By the solution lock handle element 12 of locking engagement 30 is exposed to heat energy for diesel engine exhaust system application be useful.In this applications, element 12 can be set to have sufficient hot relation from thermal source 14 and/or heat sink 16 to element 12 for hot-fluid 26 (Figure 1A) to the unlocked step of locking engagement 30, make at thermal source 14, such as diesel engine exhaust reaches the first predetermined temperature T
1rear first marmem can change crystallised phase.Therefore, the step that element 12 is exposed to heat energy can be comprised locking is carried out until thermal source 14 reaches the first predetermined temperature T to locking engagement 30
1.
Refer again to Fig. 2 A-4, the method also comprises the crystallised phase of change first marmem, thus is mechanical energy thermal energy.At work, prestrain or the first marmem of bearing tensile stress can be varying sized according to the crystallised phase changed, thus be mechanical energy thermal energy.That is, when being exposed to heat energy, the element 12 formed by the first marmem is varying sized according to the crystallised phase changed, thus is mechanical energy thermal energy, hereafter has thinner description.
Particularly, the crystallised phase of the first marmem can make this first marmem shrink dimensionally at regional area (representing with 42 substantially by Fig. 2 A) in response to thermal source 14 from martensite to austenitic change.More particularly, if the first marmem is by the prestrain of the ground of pseudoplastic behavior (pseudoplastically) in advance, so the size of this first marmem can be shunk.When term " pseudoplastic behavior ground prestrain " refers to that the first marmem is in martensitic phase, element 12 stretches under a load, such as, strain.When element 12 is removed load, the shape of the first marmem under load may not be recovered completely.Otherwise the shape of element 12 can be recovered completely when there is strain under pure elastic strain.Therefore, once elimination capacity, the element 12 formed by the first marmem is rendered as by elastic strain, but when element 12 is heated to austenite start temperature A
stime, its strain shape can be recovered, and makes element 12 get back to original length.Namely, load can be applied to the first marmem, the elastic strain limit of the first marmem is surmounted, the first marmem martensitic crystalline structure more than the first marmem true plastic strain limit before, deform.Such strain, is between elastic strain limit and real elastic strain limit, belongs to pseudoplastic behavior strain.
Therefore, the element 12 formed by the first marmem can be stretched before being installed to heat engine 10, made the designated length of the first marmem include the strain of recoverable pseudoplastic behavior.This recoverable pseudoplastic behavior strain can provide the action activating and/or drive heat engine 10.Therefore, if not pre-stretching first marmem, only very little distortion may be there is at crystallised phase During.In addition, element 12 subjects the pulling force of bias mechanism (austenite fraction of the such as tensioning of spring or the first marmem), to affect the change of crystallised phase.
Otherwise for this method, crystallised phase, from austenite to martensitic change, can make the size expansion of the first marmem at regional area 42 in response to heat sink 16.Such as, when the first marmem subjects tensile stress and the second temperature T
2time, the size of the first marmem is inflatable.Therefore this first marmem can be mechanical energy by alternately expanding and shrink thermal energy.That is, the dimensional contraction that occurs at regional area 42 in response to thermal source 14 of the first marmem and the size expansion that occurs at regional area 42 in response to heat sink 16 hocket, thus are mechanical energy thermal energy, hereafter have more detailed description.
First marmem can have any suitable component.Especially, the first marmem can comprise the element combinations selected the group formed from cobalt, nickel, titanium, indium, manganese, iron, palladium, zinc, copper, silver, gold, cadmium, tin, silicon, platinum, gallium.Such as, the first suitable marmem can comprise Ni-Ti base alloy, nickel-acieral, nickel-gallium-base alloy, indium-titan-based alloy, indium-cadmium base alloy, nickel-cobalt-acieral, nickel-manganese-gallium-base alloy, copper base alloy (such as copper-zinc alloy, albronze, copper-billon, copper-tin alloy), gold-cadmium base alloy, silver-cadmium base alloy, manganese-copper base alloy, iron-platinum base alloy, iron-palladium base alloy, or combinations one or more in them.First marmem can be binary, ternary or any higher first alloy, as long as the first marmem has shape memory effect, such as, and the change, damping capacity etc. of shape orientation.Operating temperature needed for heat engine 10 can select the first marmem, hereafter have more detailed description.In an object lesson, the first marmem can comprise nickel and titanium.
In addition, the element 12 formed by the first marmem can have any suitable form, that is, shape.Such as, element 12 can have the form of shape changing element.That is, select the group that the form of element 12 can be formed from spring, winding, line, band, continuous print ring and their combination.With reference to figure 2A-4, in a modification, element 12 can be constructed to continuous print annular spring.
First marmem can be mechanical energy thermal energy by any suitable mode.Such as, the element 12 formed by the first marmem can activate pulley system and (be shown in Fig. 2 A-4, hereafter have more detailed description), engaging lever (not shown), rotary flywheel (not shown), joint screw (not shown), etc.
For this method, the change of crystallised phase can comprise makes heat engine 10 run on the traffic direction of needs, such as, counterclockwise or left.Namely, the change of crystallised phase can cause element 12 to move, such as, based on the contraction of the element 12 when the first marmem is exposed to thermal source 14 and the expansion of element 12 when the first marmem is exposed to heat sink 16, individual desired traffic direction moves.
Refer again to Fig. 2 A-4, the method is also included in the initial movement of initiation element 12 on desired traffic direction, thus starts heat engine 10.Especially, described initiation step comprises the starting mechanism 36 activating and be constructed to foot pedal starting heat engine 10.That is, under given conditions, such as, after heat engine 10 stops using a period of time or instantaneous flame-out after, starting mechanism 36 can transmit energy to start heat engine 10 to heat engine 10.In other words, initiation element 12 initial movement can on desired traffic direction foot pedal starting heat engine 10.Therefore, term " starting " refers to any state after the non-operating state of heat engine 10.Such as, start after may occurring in the non-usage latency period of heat engine 10, or may occur in heat engine 10 instantaneous flame-out after.Therefore starting mechanism 36 starts in heat engine 10 or restarts the initial movement of period initiation element 12.That is, especially when heat engine 10 and/or element 12 have symmetrical configuration, " foot pedal starting " can be needed guarantee heat engine 10 to run on desired traffic direction.Similarly, because heat engine 10 and/or element 12 can be constructed to only run in one direction, as described in more detail below, starting mechanism 36 can contribute to the temperature of adjustable shape memory alloy.That is, the flame-out element 12 that marmem can be caused to be formed due to heat engine 10 is overheated, and starting mechanism 36 can guarantee the persistent movement of heat engine 10 element 12 of flame-out period.Therefore, the initial movement of element 12 is temporary transient, until heat engine 10 operates, that is, until it is mechanical energy that heat engine 10 starts thermal energy.The non-limitative example of starting mechanism 36 can comprise isolator 20, locking engagement 30 and their combination.
With reference now to Fig. 3, in a modification, the step of the initial movement of initiation element 12 can comprise hot activation component 38, and this component has than first-phase temperature T
trans1low second-phase temperature T
trans2.Such as, component 38 can be formed by the second marmem being different from aforementioned first marmem.Second marmem can in different temperature, such as low than the phase transition temperature of the first marmem of heat engine 10 second-phase temperature T
trans2in time, is activated.Therefore, the first temperature T is arrived at thermal source 14
1before, and before the first marmem provides the continuous running of heat engine 10, the hot activation component 38 formed by the second marmem can transmit initial actuating to heat engine 10.
Alternatively or extraly, component 38 can be formed by bimetal band or wax actuator.Such as, component 38 can in response to the first temperature T
1and be out of shape, melt and/or expand, and to rub in particular directions or propulsion element 12 when being out of shape, thus foot pedal starting heat engine 10, that is, the initial movement of initiation element 12 on desired traffic direction, thus start heat engine 10.Therefore, hot activation component 38 can be another nonrestrictive example of starting mechanism 36, can be activated with foot pedal starting heat engine 10.
Refer again to Fig. 2 A, the step of the initial movement of initiation element 12 comprises guiding fluid and flows through element 12 to change the temperature of element 12.Such as, the step causing initial movement can reduce the temperature of element 12.In a nonrestrictive modification, the step of the initial movement of initiation element 12 comprises and guides fluid flow past device 40, such as air inlet or blade, the flow direction of fluid makes the air of heat engine 10 outside and/or relatively cold exhaust can flow through the element 12 formed by the first marmem.Alternatively, device 40 can cold spray liquid on element 12.Because device 40 reduces the temperature of element 12, therefore the size of element 12 is inflatable, and causes the initial movement of heat engine 10 on desired traffic direction.Therefore, hot-fluid 26 (Figure 1A) increases to a scope by ventilation turnover panel or blade, and such as, the regional area in Fig. 2 A represented by arrow 42, also has another scope, another regional area such as, in Fig. 2 A represented by arrow 44 as a comparison.
In contrast, device 40 can improve the temperature of element 12.Such as, the air of heat engine 10 outside and/or relatively hot exhaust can flow through the element 12 formed by the first marmem.In addition, device 40 can the spray liquid of heat on element 12.Because device 40 improves the temperature of element 12, therefore the size of element 12 is collapsible, and causes the motion of heat engine 10 on desired traffic direction.
Device 40 also guides fluid to flow along element 12 alternatively or extraly, thus transmits traction on element 12, thus causes the motion of element 20.That is, the fluid that device 40 guides can produce traction on element 12, and causes the motion of heat engine 10 on desired traffic direction.Therefore, device 40 is another non-limitative examples of starting mechanism 36, and it can be activated to start heat engine 10.
Refer again to Fig. 4, in another modification, the step of the initial movement of initiation element 12 can comprise and transmits kinetic energy to heat engine 10.Such as, the step of the initial movement of initiation element 12 comprises release potential energy, thus transfers kinetic energy to heat engine 10.In a nonrestrictive example, release potential energy comprises and triggers source of potential energy 46, such as spring or sprung mass, to discharge potential energy and to transmit initial, a controlled kinetic energy to heat engine 10.As a nonrestrictive example, the step of release potential energy can retracting spring or sprung mass to act on bar 48, and on desired traffic direction pushing member 12 or pulley 60.Therefore, source of potential energy 46 can be another nonrestrictive example of the starting mechanism 24 of foot pedal starting heat engine 10.
Substituting or extraly, the step of the initial movement of initiation element 12 can comprise kinetic energy, such as but not limited to vibrational energy, send element 12 to.Such as, for vehicle application, the vibration of vehicle motor (not shown) or braking system (not shown) can transmit kinetic energy to element 12.That is, heat engine 10 is connected with the rigid member (not shown) of vehicle separably, is exposed to Vehicular vibration kinetic energy is sent to heat engine 10 by making heat engine 10.Be subject to enough vibrations in heat engine 10 or rock after with the initial movement of initiation element 12, heat engine 10 can be separated from the rigid member (not shown) of vehicle or be separated from.Such as, isolator 20 is also constructed to an element 12 and separates from vibrational energy source.Therefore, vibration to be used on desired direction initially driving element 12 or pulley 60.
In another modification, transmit kinetic energy by reverse direction actuation generator 50 (Fig. 2 A-4) to element 12, therefore generator 50 is as motor, hereafter has more detailed description.Therefore, energy source, such as vibrational energy, can be another non-limitative example of the starting mechanism 36 being constructed to foot pedal starting heat engine 10.
In addition, will be appreciated that, the step of initiation element 12 initial movement can be exposed to multiple energy source heat engine 10.Such as, in non-standard operation, that is, when the heat engine 10 of damage is run and/or run during off-design behaviour, heat engine 10 can in response to vibratility energy source and source of potential energy 46.In addition, the step of the initial movement of initiation element 12 can be exposed to heat engine 10 energy source of serial or parallel connection configuration.In addition, starting mechanism 36 can be constructed to interact with any parts of heat engine 10.That is, starting mechanism 36 can contact with element 12 or engage, and/or with other form touch of heat engine 10 or joint, such as pulley 58,60, hereafter has more detailed description.
Continue with reference to Fig. 2 A, the method also comprises transform mechanical energy into electricity (representing with 52 by Fig. 2 A substantially).Such as, heat engine 10 transforms mechanical energy into electricity 52 by driving generator 50.Generator 50 can be transform mechanical energy into electricity 52 any suitable device.Such as, generator 50 can be utilize electromagnetic induction transform mechanical energy into electricity 52 power generator, its can comprise relative to stator (not shown) rotate rotor (not shown).
Refer again to Fig. 2 A, transform mechanical energy into electricity 52 step can comprise drive generator 50 together with heat engine 10.That is, the element 12 that the first marmem is formed is mechanical energy thermal energy, and this can drive generator 50.Especially, from mechanical energy to electric energy, the transition process of 52 can comprise the process with the dimensional contraction of aforementioned first marmem and the simultaneous driving generator 50 that expands.That is, the first marmem shrinks at regional area 42 in response to thermal source 14, expands at regional area 42 in response to heat sink 16, thus drives generator 50 be electric energy 52 thermal energy.
In addition, for this method, the step of the initial movement of initiation element 12 can comprise electric energy 52 is changed into kinetic energy.Such as, generator 50 during starts can drive heat engine 10, with the initial movement of initiation element 12.That is, generator 50 as motor antiport, with electric energy 52, such as, from the electric energy of battery, can change kinetic energy into, thus temporarily drives heat engine 10.Therefore, generator 50 can be another non-limitative example of the starting mechanism 36 of foot pedal starting heat engine 10.
Refer again to Fig. 2 A, the step of the initial movement of initiation element 12 can comprise and prevents heat engine 10 from running on unexpected traffic direction.That is, for this method, cause step and can only be included in motor element 12 on desired traffic direction.Such as, as shown in Figure 2 A, clutch (substantially being represented by arrow 54) can prevent heat engine 10 from running on unexpected traffic direction.Clutch 54 can be constructed to comprise ratchet mechanism, only runs on desired traffic direction to allow heat engine 10.Therefore the feature of clutch 54 is that " unidirectional " is to guarantee that heat engine 10 can not by " reverse direction actuation ".
For this method, the step of the initial movement of initiation element 12 can comprise runs heat engine 10 asymmetrically.Such as, described by with reference to Fig. 2 A, in a non-limitative example, element 12 can be constructed to continuous print ring (substantially being represented by 56 of Fig. 2 A).In this example, heat engine 10 comprises the multiple pulleys 58,60 or wheel that are constructed to supporting member 12.Heat engine 10 also can comprise frame 62, and it is constructed to support multiple pulley 58,60 or wheel.Such as, multiple pulley 58,60 or wheel can be arranged on multiple axle 64,66, and can rotate relative to frame 62.The element 12 formed by the first marmem can be taken turns or pulley 58,60 supports and advances along wheel or pulley 58,60.That is, in this variant, operate heat engine 10 asymmetrically and can comprise along multiple pulley 58,60 movable component 12, wherein element 12 is constructed to continuous loop 56, and pulley 58,60 is constructed to supporting member 12.
As shown in Fig. 2 A-4, the second portion 70 of the comparable continuous loop of first portion 68 56 of continuous loop 56 is longer, and therefore heat engine 10 has asymmetric configuration.Therefore, the initial movement of element 12 can cause by the asymmetric operation of heat engine 10, thus the size that the length change of element 12 that the size expansion of first portion 68 causes may not be equal to second portion 70 reduces the length change of the element 12 caused.
Continue with reference to Fig. 2 A-4, the rotating speed of wheel or pulley 58,60 optionally can be changed by one or more gear train 72.In addition, generator 50 can comprise the live axle 74 be connected on wheel or pulley 58.The size expansion of element 12 formed in response to the first marmem due to wheel or pulley 58,60 and contraction and each axle 64,66 around heat engine 10 rotates or rotation, therefore live axle 74 can rotate and drive generator 50.Then generator 50 produces electric energy 52, makes mechanical energy be electric energy 52.
On the contrary, as mentioned above, the method can comprise, and by such as during starts driving heat engine 10 with generator 50 in heat engine 10, electric energy 52 is changed into kinetic energy.That is, as mentioned above, generator 50 as motor operation, can be able to drive and the live axle 74 of taking turns or pulley 58 is connected.Motor can rotate one or more wheel or pulley 58,60 (Fig. 2 A), thus provides the initial launch of heat engine 10 on desired traffic direction.Along with the rotation of pulley 58, the element 12 being constructed to continuous loop 56 moves along multiple pulley 58,60, thus starts heat engine 10.Therefore, in this example, starting mechanism 36, that is, the asymmetric configuration of heat engine 10, is constructed to the initial movement of initiation element 12 on desired traffic direction, thus starts heat engine 10 along multiple pulley 58,60 movable component 12.
As mentioned above, for this configuration, starting mechanism 36 can also comprise clutch 54, and it is constructed to prevent heat engine 10 from running on unexpected traffic direction.That is, one or more pulley 58,60 can comprise overrunning clutch 54 to prevent the rotation on unexpected traffic direction.Therefore, continuous loop 56 can only move along multiple pulley 58,60 on desired traffic direction.Alternatively or extraly, vibration can be used to rotate one or more wheel or pulley 58,60 thus foot pedal starting heat engine 10.
For this method, continue with reference to Fig. 2 A, heat engine 10, especially, the element 12 formed by the first marmem, can be set to and all have hot relation with thermal source 14 and heat sink 16, as described above.That is, element 12 can be set to has relation with thermal source 14 and heat sink 16, thus in response to the first temperature T
1and/or the second temperature T
2.Such as, the element 12 of heat engine 10 can be set to thermal source 14 with heat sink 16 multiple objects 18 that contact contact, thus affected the change of the crystallised phase of the first marmem by heat transfer.Alternatively, element 12 can be set to have enough hot relations with the radiation coating on thermal source 14 and/or heat sink 16, thus passes through the change of the crystallised phase of radiation effect first marmem.
Therefore, when in the first marmem and thermal source 14 and heat sink 16 has hot relation, the crystallised phase of this first marmem can change between austenite and martensite.Such as, when having hot relation with thermal source 14, the first marmem can from martensitic transformation to austenite.Similarly, when having hot relation with heat sink 16, the first marmem can change to martensite from austenite.
In addition, the first marmem can be varying sized along with the change of crystallised phase, thus be mechanical energy thermal energy.More particularly, along with crystallised phase becomes austenite from martensite, if time such as by the prestrain of pseudoplastic behavior ground, the size of the first marmem may be shunk, along with crystallised phase becomes martensite from austenite, the size of the first marmem may expand, thus is mechanical energy thermal energy.Therefore, for the first temperature T of thermal source 14
1with heat sink 16 the second temperature T
2between there is any situation of temperature difference, that is, when thermal source 14 and heat sink 16 is not in thermal equilibrium, the size of the first marmem can change along with crystallised phase and expand and shrink between martensite and austenite.In addition, the change of the crystallised phase of the first marmem is enough to drive generator 50.
With reference to the heat engine 10 of Fig. 1, and the illustrative configuration of element 12 shown in composition graphs 2A describes, during heat engine 10 starting and continuous service, a wheel or pulley 58 have hot relation with thermal source 14, such as a wheel or pulley insert thermal source 14 or contact with thermal source 14, simultaneously another is taken turns or pulley 60 has hot relation with heat sink 16, thus affects the change of the crystallised phase of the first marmem.Therefore, for this method, the step of the initial movement of initiation element 12 can be exposed to thermal source 14 with the element 12 of heat engine 10 and the crystallised phase of the first marmem to change be simultaneously.Alternatively, may have delay between the initial movement being exposed to heat energy and initiation element 12 at element 12, wherein the crystallised phase of the first marmem changes subsequently.
When being in the hot relation with heat sink 16, due to regional area (being represented by the arrow 44 substantially) size expansion of the first marmem, such as, when meeting with stresses, size stretches, when in advance by pseudoplastic behavior prestrain, the first marmem with thermal source 14, there is another regional area (being represented by the arrow 42 substantially) dimensional contraction of hot relation.That is, the first marmem hockets at the size expansion of another regional area 44 in the dimensional contraction of regional area 42 with in response to heat sink 16 in response to thermal source 14, thus is mechanical energy thermal energy.Because element 12 is exposed to the temperature difference Δ T of thermal source 14 and heat sink 16, dimensional contraction and the expansion of the continuous spring ring form of element 12 hocket, so be kinetic energy mechanical energy potential energy mechanical energy, thus are mechanical energy thermal energy.Therefore, for the optimum efficiency of heat engine 10, thermal source 14 and heat sink 16 preferred fast refreshs are to keep the temperature difference Δ T between thermal source 14 and heat sink 16.
Refer again to Fig. 1, heat engine 10 can be set to any configuration, as long as the part of element 12 is set to have sufficient hot relation at run duration and corresponding thermal source 14 and heat sink 16, make the first marmem can in response to thermal source 14, heat sink 16 and temperature difference Δ T between thermal source 14 and heat sink 16 at least one change crystallised phase.In addition, although not shown, will be appreciated that, heat engine 10 can comprise additional sensing and controlling component, such as ECU (Electrical Control Unit).This ECU (Electrical Control Unit) operationally can be communicated with heat engine 10, and is constructed to the transformation that regulates heat energy to mechanical energy and/or electric energy 52 (Fig. 2 A).ECU (Electrical Control Unit) can be such as computer, and its one or more controller with heat engine 10 and/or sensor electrical are communicated with.Such as, ECU (Electrical Control Unit) can be communicated with and/or one or more temperature transducers of control of heat source 14, temperature transducer, the speed regulator of generator 50, flow sensor, the actuator of heat sink 16 and be constructed to monitor the metering mechanism of generated energy.
In addition, as shown in Fig. 2 A-4, heat engine 10 also comprises transmission medium 76, and it is constructed to from heat engine 10 such as from generator 50 electric energy transmitting 52.Transmission medium 76 can be, such as electric wire or conductive cable.Transmission medium 76 can from generator 50 to storage facility electric energy transmitting 52, and storage facility is such as battery (not shown), accumulator and/or current collector.Such as, heat engine 10 can fluctuate according to demand generation, store and/or electric energy transmitting 52.
It should also be appreciated that, for any aforementioned example, modification or configuration, heat engine 10 can comprise multiple element 12 and/or multiple generator 50.That is, a heat engine 10 can comprise more than one element 12 and/or generator 50.Such as, a heat engine 10 can drive more than one generator 50.
In a nonrestrictive modification, the method comprises the element 12 of heat engine 10 is exposed to heat energy, wherein exposing step comprises and arranges isolator 20, and this isolator is constructed to stop element 12 and thermal source 14 when the second place 24 (Figure 1B) changes from primary importance 22 (Figure 1A).Isolator 20 is arranged between element 12 and thermal source 14 in primary importance 22 (Figure 1A), and is not arranged between element 12 and thermal source 14 in the second place 24 (Figure 1B).
For this modification, the method also comprises, the crystallised phase of the first marmem produces dimensional contraction in response to thermal source from martensitic transformation to austenite thus at the regional area 42 of the first marmem, the crystallised phase of the first marmem changes to martensite from austenite in response to heat sink thus produce size expansion at the regional area 42 of the first marmem, both hocket, thus are mechanical energy thermal energy.Therefore, crystallised phase can change to austenite from martensite repeatedly, then becomes martensite again, thus causes the size alternately pucker & bloat of the part 68,70 of element 12.
In this modification, the method also comprises, and by activating the starting mechanism 36 being configured to foot pedal starting heat engine 10, the initial movement of initiation element 12 on expected traffic direction, thus starts heat engine 10.Refer again to Fig. 2 A-4, starting mechanism 36 can comprise locking engagement 30, source of potential energy 46, component 38, equipment 40, generator 50, clutch 54, coupling 34, the asymmetric configuration of heat engine 10 and their combination.For this modification, cause step and can comprise and prevent heat engine 10 from running on non-expectation traffic direction, as described above.Such as, clutch 54 can prevent heat engine 10 inverted running.
In another nonrestrictive modification, the method comprises element 12 is exposed to heat energy, changes the crystallised phase of the first marmem, the initial movement of initiation element 12, as described above.For this configuration, the method also comprises, and element 12 is arranged have with thermal source 14 the hot relation being not enough to the crystallised phase of the first marmem is changed, thus stops the motion of element 12 on expected traffic direction, thus stops heat engine 10.
For example, referring to Figure 1A, the step of setting can comprise keeps apart element 12 and thermal source 14 by arranging isolator 20 between element 12 and thermal source 14.Isolator 20 can stop that hot-fluid 26 is to element 12, and the generation changed in order to any crystallised phase, and element 12 is arranged have insufficient hot relation with thermal source 14.Therefore, the first marmem can stop size shape expanding and/or shrink.That is, element 12 is separated from thermal source 14 can stop the motion of element 12 on expected traffic direction, thus heat engine 10 is stopped.Therefore, the method also comprises heat engine 10 is shut down.
Implement optimal mode of the present invention although describe, the technician being familiar with field of the present invention will recognize, can implement the scope that various alternative designs of the present invention and mode of execution all belong to claims.
Claims (12)
1. start a method for heat engine, the method comprises:
The component exposure of heat engine to heat energy, this heat energy by have the first temperature thermal source and have second temperature lower than the first temperature heat sink between temperature difference provide, wherein this element is constructed to continuous loop and is formed by the first marmem, this first marmem have in response to thermal source and heat sink between temperature difference when first-phase temperature between austenite and martensite transformable crystallised phase;
Wherein exposing step comprises and arranges isolator, stops when this isolator is constructed to change from primary importance to the second place between element and thermal source;
Wherein isolator is arranged between element and thermal source in primary importance, and wherein isolator is not arranged between element and thermal source in the second place;
The crystallised phase of the first marmem causes the first marmem in regional area dimensional contraction from martensite to austenitic change in response to thermal source, the crystallised phase of the first marmem from austenite to martensitic change in response to heat sink first marmem that causes at regional area size expansion, both hocket, thus are mechanical energy thermal energy; And
By guiding fluid to flow through described element thus the temperature changing described element is carried out the initial movement of initiation element thus starts described heat engine on expected traffic direction.
2. the method for claim 1, wherein described initiation step comprises the starting mechanism activating and be configured to foot pedal starting heat engine.
3. method as claimed in claim 2, wherein, described initiation step comprises the component that hot activation has second-phase temperature, and this second-phase temperature is lower than first-phase temperature.
4. method as claimed in claim 2, wherein, described initiation step comprises to described heat engine transmission kinetic energy.
5. method as claimed in claim 2, wherein, it is kinetic energy that described initiation step comprises converting electric energy.
6. method as claimed in claim 2, wherein, described initiation step comprises and operates heat engine asymmetrically.
7. method as claimed in claim 6, wherein, described operating procedure comprises makes described element move along multiple pulley, and wherein said element is constructed to continuous loop, and described pulley is constructed to support described element.
8. the method for claim 1, wherein described exposing step comprises unblock locking engagement, and this locking engagement is constructed to described element to be set to have with thermal source the insufficient heating power relation being not enough to the crystallised phase of the first marmem is changed.
9. the method for claim 1, wherein described change step is included on expected traffic direction and runs described heat engine.
10. method as claimed in claim 9, wherein, described initiation step comprises and prevents heat engine from running on the traffic direction of non-expectation.
11. 1 kinds of methods of starting heat engine, the method comprises:
The component exposure of heat engine to heat energy, this heat energy by have the first temperature thermal source and have second temperature lower than the first temperature heat sink between temperature difference provide, wherein this element is formed by the first marmem, this first marmem have in response to thermal source and heat sink between temperature difference when first-phase temperature between austenite and martensite transformable crystallised phase;
Change the crystallised phase of the first marmem thus be mechanical energy thermal energy;
By guiding fluid to flow through described element thus the temperature changing described element is carried out the initial movement of initiation element thus starts described heat engine on expected traffic direction; And
Described element is set to have with thermal source the hot relation that the crystallised phase that is not enough to generation first marmem changes, to stop the motion of described element on expected traffic direction, thus described heat engine of stopping using.
12. methods as claimed in claim 11, wherein, setting steps comprises to be separated element and thermal source by isolator being arranged between element and thermal source.
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US26318009P | 2009-11-20 | 2009-11-20 | |
| US61/263180 | 2009-11-20 | ||
| US12/947,924 US8701405B2 (en) | 2009-11-20 | 2010-11-17 | Method of starting a heat engine |
| US12/947924 | 2010-11-17 |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN102072121A CN102072121A (en) | 2011-05-25 |
| CN102072121B true CN102072121B (en) | 2015-07-01 |
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| CN201010621707.6A Expired - Fee Related CN102072121B (en) | 2009-11-20 | 2010-11-19 | Method for starting heat engine |
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| CN102497058B (en) * | 2011-11-30 | 2014-02-26 | 浙江大学 | Power supply device of submarine volcanic observation instrument based on sea-water temperature difference |
| CN114705073B (en) * | 2022-04-13 | 2023-04-21 | 西安交通大学 | Heat energy recovery system and method with coupling of thermal driving and piezoelectric energy recovery |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| JPS6080031A (en) * | 1983-10-07 | 1985-05-07 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | Hot air heater |
| US6374607B1 (en) * | 1999-07-28 | 2002-04-23 | Leven Co., Ltd. | Driving apparatus utilizing thermal expansion and contraction |
| JP2003232276A (en) * | 2002-02-08 | 2003-08-22 | Tsugunori Kaneda | Shape memory alloy heat engine rotated at high speed |
| DE102007006146B4 (en) * | 2007-02-07 | 2017-01-12 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Heating or cooling circuit |
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