CN102071705A - Non-destructive detection method for pile bottom karst - Google Patents
Non-destructive detection method for pile bottom karst Download PDFInfo
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- CN102071705A CN102071705A CN 201010539461 CN201010539461A CN102071705A CN 102071705 A CN102071705 A CN 102071705A CN 201010539461 CN201010539461 CN 201010539461 CN 201010539461 A CN201010539461 A CN 201010539461A CN 102071705 A CN102071705 A CN 102071705A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a non-destructive detection method for pile bottom karst. In the method, according to the spherical wave reflection principle, a cruciform section is arranged on the surface of a pile bottom rock stratum to detect the reflection information of inner karst with a certain depth; and the development state and the property of the pile bottom karst are judged by a quantitative experience formula via the time-domain and frequency-domain recognition. The method is used for carrying out full-profile scanning on the pile bottom rock stratum, forecasts the distribution situation of the pile bottom karst, comprehensively judges the integrity degree of the pile bottom rock stratum and forecasts the engineering construction in advance. Compared with the commonly-used drilled core method and CT (computed tomography) technology, the non-destructive detection method is more economical, has higher efficiency and avoids the defects that the pile bottom karst can not be completely known with the drilled core method and the CT method is uneconomical to detect the pile bottom karst.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of the molten lossless detection method of bed rock, belong to the geotechnical investigation technical field.
Background technology
The molten detection of stake bed rock is to adopt direct (probing method) or non-direct method (physical prospecting method) to survey the prospecting technology of karst distribution characteristics in the stake base rock bearing stratum certain limit.The purpose of stake bed rock molten detection is to find that by surveying the stake bed rock that may exist is molten, and then the harm (bearing capacity and stability reduce) of avoiding karst that pile foundation is caused of taking measures, and is the necessary link that karst is grown regional perfusion stake pore-forming.The molten detection method of stake bed rock commonly used in the past mainly contains core drilling method and CT technology, and two kinds of methods all need stake bed rock layer is carried out destructiveness boring.At the bottom of core drilling method generally drills through in the following certain limit core carry out karst and judge.Because the molten distribution of stake bed rock has randomness, core drilling method can only be found can't accurately judge the scale of karst over against the karst distribution situation of boring, and the possibility of failing to report karst is also very big, therefore core drilling method carries out the karst detection certain limitation, and cost is higher simultaneously, and the duration is longer.Multibreak CT technology can dissolve into accurately location of row to the stake bed rock, but this method needs the while many to the boring aptitude test in the construction of stake side, so the cost costliness, and the duration is also longer, very difficult usually enforcement when stake quantity is big.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention provides a kind of the molten lossless detection method of bed rock, be used for stake bed rock layer is carried out full section scanning, the molten distribution situation of forecast stake bed rock, the integrated degree of synthetic determination stake bed rock layer, carry out advanced prediction for engineering construction, avoided adopting the direct probing method molten disadvantage of section understanding stake bed rock entirely.
Technical conceive of the present invention is such: the present invention adopts the spherical wave principle of reflection, arrange cruciform cross-section at stake bed rock laminar surface, survey the reflective information of karst in the certain depth, by time domain, frequency domain recognition technology, and utilization quantizes empirical formula differentiation stake bed rock dissolubility matter.
Specifically, detection method of the present invention may further comprise the steps:
(1) equipment is prepared
The plant and instrument of the molten detection of stake bed rock comprises: engineering vibration measurement instrument, the tup of unlike material or power rod, velocity sensor, sensors coupled agent (available lubricating replaces with butter), invar tape;
(2) cleaning stake bed rock face and layout measuring point
Cleaning stake bed rock face exposes fresh basement rock, makes it rule, smooth, do not have tangible crack and exist, lithology should be single substantially, and measuring point is arranged in and is positioned on the Along ent of scar with circumference, be advisable with 4～6, measuring point is numbered counterclockwise, and the measuring point center is provided with to hit and shakes a little at the bottom of stake;
(3) gather the spherical wave reflective information
The measuring point center is hit and is shaken at the bottom of stake, receives the spherical wave reflective information at the point position sensor installation respectively, acquired signal, record deposit;
(4) signal analysis
1. time domain identification: transfer the signal record of same stake different measuring points respectively, contrast phase distortion and the position thereof that the subsequent reflection ripple produces, note the amplitude ratio and the time difference with preliminary wave according to direct wave initial time and phase place; Transfer other signal records of same measuring point, repeat above process;
2. frequency domain identification: transfer the signal record of same stake different measuring points respectively, carry out the frequency domain conversion, and each characteristic point of transformation result is inserted record sheet;
When the frequency difference of main peak and secondary lobe presents equidistant multiple and concerns, can be considered same frequency content, only analyze the secondary lobe peak that does not become frequency multiplication to concern with main peak; When amplitude than less than 0.2 the time, secondary lobe can not done analysis;
3. time domain frequency domain correlation analysis (karst identification)
At first determine the off-note parameter that time domain and frequency domain are found, decision method is:
The time domain inverting degree of depth compares a less than pip and the time domain amplitude of 5d
i/ a
0〉=0.2; The frequency domain first secondary lobe peak amplitude compares a
i/ a
0〉=0.2 point;
The time-domain and frequency-domain degree of association: β=v
0/ (4 * Δ f
i)/time domain inverting the degree of depth
When β=0.8～1.2, illustrate that the time-domain and frequency-domain degree of association is obvious, then time-domain and frequency-domain has uniformity preferably, and decidable is that karst exists, and the karst buried depth is the time domain inverting degree of depth;
4. the karst development degree is analyzed
For being judged to be the stake that karst exists, the development degree of its karst is pressed following formula and is judged:
In the formula:
δ---factor of influence gets 1 for multi-column pier foundation, and other get 1.2
v
mThe average velocity of wave of the complete basement rock in---this work area
v
0--the average velocity of wave of-measuring point
f
0---measuring point frequency domain main peak frequency
f
mThe average main peak frequency of the complete basement rock in---this work area
When λ=0.8～1.2, decidable is the karst agensis; Decidable is that karst is grown when λ≤0.5 and λ＞1.5; All the other decidables are the moderate growth of karst.
The molten lossless detection method of stake bed rock of the present invention work progress is described in detail as follows:
(1) equipment drops into requirement
Hit the equipment of shaking: power rod, power hammer, pallet.
Receiving equipment: acceleration/velocity sensor, seismic detector or the vibration measurement instrument with signal preservation playback and time frequency analysis function use multichannel dynamic test for pile foundation instrument the best.Minimum sampling interval 10us of instrument and stepping are adjustable.Analysis software can carry out time domain, frequency domain conventional analysis to signal.
Auxiliary equipment: chisel, the grinding tool of scar cleaning usefulness, couplant (can adopt butter), invar tape.
(2) cleaning of stake bed rock face and measuring point arrangement requirement
Stake bed rock face should be regular, smooth, do not have tangible crack and exist.Stake bed rock face should expose fresh basement rock, and lithology should be single substantially.
The measuring point method for arranging: with 4 measuring points is example, cross a stake center of circle, bottom surface and do orthogonal two straight lines, cross hairs is done 6 five equilibriums respectively, the sensor mounting points is set and by counterclockwise numbering at distance stake feather edge first equally divided position, stake center, the end is provided with to hit and shakes a little, as shown in Figure 2.
(3) gather the spherical wave reflective information
Hit at the center and to shake, receive the spherical wave reflective information at 1～No. 4 point sensor installation respectively.During test, the instrument sampling interval should be adopted 20us, and sensor is installed should be vertical with the stake bottom surface, couplant should be evenly coated in 1～No. 4 point, gently firmly with sensor and the closely sticking card of scar.By knocking test, select the exciting force hammer of approrpiate wts, should select the little hammer of hard tup and quality for use.The uniformity of each sampled point signal should be better.Signal is not answered distortion and is produced drift, and signal amplitude should not surpass the range of measuring system.The useful signal of repeated acquisition more than 3 times answered in each collection point, the record deposit.
(4) signal analysis
1. time domain identification: transfer the signal record of same stake different measuring points respectively,, note the amplitude ratio and the time difference with preliminary wave according to the position of direct wave phase place according to subsequent reflection ripple generation phase distortion.Transfer other signal records of same measuring point, repeat above process.Each time domain recognition result of same measuring point is inserted table 1.
Table 1 time domain identification record computational chart
2. frequency domain identification: transfer the signal record of same stake different measuring points respectively, carry out the frequency domain conversion, and each characteristic point of transformation result is inserted following record computational chart 2.
Table 2 frequency domain identification record computational chart
When the frequency difference of main peak and secondary lobe presents equidistant multiple and concerns, can be considered same frequency content, only analyze the secondary lobe peak that does not become frequency multiplication to concern with main peak.When amplitude than less than 0.2 the time, secondary lobe can not done analysis.
3. time domain frequency domain correlation analysis (karst identification)
At first determine the off-note parameter that time domain and frequency domain are found, decision method is:
The time domain inverting degree of depth compares a less than pip and the time domain amplitude of 5d
i/ a
0〉=0.2; The frequency domain first secondary lobe peak amplitude compares a
i/ a
0〉=0.2 point.
The time-domain and frequency-domain degree of association: β=v
0/ (4 * Δ f
i)/time domain inverting the degree of depth
When β=0.8～1.2, illustrate that the time-domain and frequency-domain degree of association is obvious, then time-domain and frequency-domain has uniformity preferably, and decidable is that karst exists, and the karst buried depth is the time domain inverting degree of depth.
4. the karst development degree is analyzed
For being judged to be the stake that karst exists, the development degree of its karst is pressed following formula and is judged:
In the formula:
δ---factor of influence gets 1 for multi-column pier foundation, and other get 1.2
v
mThe average velocity of wave of the complete basement rock in---this work area
v
0--the average velocity of wave of-measuring point
f
0---measuring point frequency domain main peak frequency
f
mThe average main peak frequency of the complete basement rock in---this work area
When λ=0.8～1.2, decidable is the karst agensis; Decidable is that karst is grown when λ≤0.5 and λ＞1.5; All the other decidables are the moderate growth of karst.
The beneficial effect that the present invention obtains is:
1, the present invention is used for the molten detection of a bed rock to the spherical wave prospecting technique, and the characteristics of detection process at the bottom of at stake arrange, a following 10d depth bounds at the bottom of hitting the wave beam that shakes and can covering, and common probing is difficult to reach this degree.Therefore adopt this technology, the interior no blind spot of following 10d scope at the bottom of can accomplishing substantially, the reliability of exploration improves greatly.
2, integrated use time domain, that the frequency-domain analysis technology is discerned a bed rock is molten, adopts statistics bias determining means for the judgement of karst development degree, and model concept is clear, and easy operating is grasped.
3, this method can be widely used in karst and grows the molten detection of regional hand excavated pile stake bed rock, and alternative core drilling method is implemented the molten detection of stake bed rock.This method can reduce construction costs, reduction of erection time, raising security performance, is easy to production unit and grasps, and is convenient to promote on a large scale.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is during with 4 measuring points, stake end measuring point arrangement diagram.
1,2,3,4 are sampling period and sampling point position among Fig. 2, and 0 for hitting a position that shakes, and D is a bore dia, and circumference is a partition boundaries at the bottom of the hole.
Fig. 3 gathers time-domain signal figure at the bottom of being.
The specific embodiment
Following examples are used to illustrate the present invention.Grow stake (pile No. 25) and karst agensis stake (pile No. 332) example explanation with a karst respectively.
Embodiment
Certain power plant engineering adopts the hand-dug pile foundation, by entering the complete limestone of 1m at the bottom of the designing requirement stake, can not have the karst cavity in the stake following 5d in the end (d=1.2m) scope.Adopt the molten lossless detection technology of stake bed rock to survey the molten development degree of stake bed rock, the on-the-spot detection time of every pile needs 5 minutes approximately for this reason, and during continuous probe, can finish 40 piles every day.
(1) equipment is prepared (equipment input)
1. this project drops into hand held one of FDP204 of vibration testing instrument (production of Wuhan ground star scientific and technological development Co., Ltd), joins the velocity profile seismic sensor, and couplant adopts to lubricate uses viscous grease, and hitting vibration hammer is multipurpose nylon hammer.
Instrument carries analysis software one cover, can carry out conventional time domain, frequency-domain analysis.
2. auxiliary equipment
Auxiliary equipment: iron chisel, iron hammer, electric mill tool, butter, invar tape.
3. personnel drop into
Be familiar with testing process and well-trained device operator one people, underworker 3 people.
(2) cleaning of stake bed rock face and measuring point are arranged
According to the technological requirement of this method of testing, stake bed rock face is cleared up rule, smooth, does not have tangible crack and exists.Stake bed rock face should expose fresh basement rock, and lithology should be single substantially.
Stake bed rock face is established 4 measuring points, the measuring point method for arranging is with reference to Fig. 2, promptly cross the stake center of circle, bottom surface and do orthogonal " ten " word straight line, cross hairs is done 6 five equilibriums respectively, 4 sensor mounting points are set and by counterclockwise numbering at distance stake feather edge first equally divided position, stake measuring point center, the end is provided with to hit and shakes a little, and measuring point is shaken a cleaning totally with hitting.
(3) gather the spherical wave reflective information
Couplant is evenly coated on the stake face of point position, firmly with sensor and the closely sticking card of scar, sensor is installed should be vertical with the stake bottom surface, (solid rock is got low value to adjust instrument sampling interval to 20～100us, soft rock is got high value), this engineering basement rock lithology is a limestone, the sampling interval is got 50us, hit at the center and to shake, receive the spherical wave reflective information of four points in order respectively.By knocking test, select the exciting force hammer of approrpiate wts.The uniformity of each sampled point signal should be better.Signal is not answered distortion and is produced drift, and signal amplitude should not surpass the range of measuring system.The useful signal of repeated acquisition more than 3 times answered in each collection point, the record deposit.The time domain waveform that No. 25 stakes and No. 332 stakes are gathered as shown in Figure 3.
(4) signal analysis
1. time domain identification: transfer the signal record of 25, No. 332 stake different measuring points respectively,, note the amplitude ratio and the time difference with preliminary wave according to the position of direct wave phase place according to subsequent reflection ripple generation phase distortion.Transfer other signal records of same measuring point, repeat above process.Each time domain recognition result of same measuring point is inserted table 3, table 4.
No. 25 stake time domains of table 3 identification record computational chart
No. 332 stake time domains of table 4 identification record computational chart
Obviously, there is not the subsequent reflection ripple in No. 332 stakes, and there is reflecting interface in No. 25 stakes at 4.5m.
2. frequency domain identification: transfer the signal record of the same stake of 25, No. 332 stakes different measuring points respectively, carry out the frequency domain conversion, and each characteristic point of transformation result is inserted table 5, table 6.
No. 25 stake frequency domains of table 5 identification record computational chart
No. 332 stake frequency domains of table 6 identification record computational chart
According to technological requirement, when the frequency difference of main peak and secondary lobe presents equidistant multiple and concerns, can be considered same frequency content, when not becoming frequency multiplication, secondary lobe and main peak do not concern that time side does frequency analysis.When amplitude than less than 0.2 the time, secondary lobe can not done analysis.Therefore have the analyzable first secondary lobe peak for No. 25 stakes, its frequency is 527Hz, and No. 332 stakes do not have analyzable secondary lobe peak and exist.
3. time domain frequency domain correlation analysis (karst identification)
At first determine the off-note parameter that time domain and frequency domain are found, decision method is:
For No. 25 stakes:
Time domain is less than 5d (d=1.2m) depth bounds and satisfy a
i/ a
0There is one in 〉=0.2 reflecting interface, and corresponding frequency domain side lobe peak amplitude compares a
i/ a
0〉=0.2 point also has one.
The time-domain and frequency-domain degree of association: β=v
0/ (4 * Δ f
i)/time domain inverting the degree of depth=2450/ (4*527)=1.16 so it is obvious to belong to the time-domain and frequency-domain degree of association, is judged to be karst and has karst buried depth 4.5m.
For No. 332 stakes:
Time domain is less than 5d (d=1.2m) depth bounds and satisfy a
i/ a
0〉=0.2 reflecting interface does not exist, and the frequency domain side lobe peak amplitude compares a
i/ a
0〉=0.2 point does not exist yet, so do not have karst in the 5d depth bounds at the bottom of this stake of judgement.
4. the karst development degree is analyzed
There is not karst in the 5d depth bounds at the bottom of No. 332 stake stakes.
For being judged to be No. 25 stakes that karst exists, the development degree of its karst is pressed following formula and is judged:
In the formula:
δ---factor of influence gets 1 for multi-column pier foundation, and other get 1.2, and this example gets 1.2;
v
mThe average velocity of wave of the complete basement rock in---this work area, this example is got 2650m/s;
v
0--the average velocity of wave of-measuring point, this example is 2450m/s;
f
0---measuring point frequency domain main peak frequency, this example is 290Hz;
f
mThe average main peak frequency of the complete basement rock in---this work area, this example is 280Hz.
Promptly when the λ=0.8～1.2, decidable is the karst agensis according to criterion, and this example meets criterion, and synthetic determination is No. 25 molten growths of stake bed rock, and the degree of depth is below 4.5m.
The operation performance
About two months of this project construction period, finish a hole karst altogether and survey 1738 holes, find that there are adverse geological condition 327 holes such as weak intercalated layer, solution cavity in the stake end, through excavation checking, accuracy rate 98%.The test job coordinative construction carries out during this time, because the on-the-spot test time is very short, so test job takies the construction period hardly.
Claims (1)
1. molten lossless detection method of stake bed rock is characterized in that may further comprise the steps:
(1) equipment is prepared
The plant and instrument of the molten detection of stake bed rock comprises: engineering vibration measurement instrument, the tup of unlike material or power rod, velocity sensor, sensors coupled agent, auxiliary equipment: invar tape;
(2) cleaning stake bed rock face and layout measuring point
Cleaning stake bed rock face exposes fresh basement rock, makes it rule, smooth, do not have tangible crack and exist, lithology should be single substantially, and measuring point is arranged in and is positioned on the Along ent of scar with circumference, be advisable with 4～6, measuring point is numbered counterclockwise, and the measuring point center is provided with to hit and shakes a little at the bottom of stake;
(3) gather the spherical wave reflective information
The measuring point center is hit and is shaken at the bottom of stake, receives the spherical wave reflective information at the point position sensor installation respectively, acquired signal, record deposit;
(4) signal analysis
1. time domain identification: transfer the signal record of same stake different measuring points respectively, according to the direct wave phase place
Produce the position of phase distortion according to the subsequent reflection ripple, note with the amplitude of preliminary wave than and the time difference, transfer other signal records of same measuring point, repeat above process;
2. frequency domain identification: transfer the signal record of same stake different measuring points respectively, carry out the frequency domain conversion, and each characteristic point of transformation result is inserted following record sheet;
When the frequency difference of main peak and secondary lobe presents equidistant multiple and concerns, can only analyze the relation of its first secondary lobe and main peak, when amplitude than less than 0.2 the time, secondary lobe can not done analysis;
3. time domain frequency domain correlation analysis (karst identification)
At first determine the off-note parameter that time domain and frequency domain are found, decision method is:
The time domain inverting degree of depth compares a less than pip and the time domain amplitude of 5d
i/ a
0〉=0.2; The frequency domain first secondary lobe peak amplitude compares a
i/ a
0〉=0.2 point;
The time-domain and frequency-domain degree of association: β=v
0/ (4 * Δ f
i)/time domain inverting the degree of depth
When β=0.8～1.2, illustrate that the time-domain and frequency-domain degree of association is obvious, then time-domain and frequency-domain has uniformity preferably, and decidable is that karst exists, and the karst buried depth is the time domain inverting degree of depth;
4. the karst development degree is analyzed
For being judged to be the stake that karst exists, the development degree of its karst is pressed following formula and is judged:
In the formula:
δ---factor of influence gets 1 for multi-column pier foundation, and other get 1.2;
v
mThe average velocity of wave of the complete basement rock in---this work area;
v
0--the average velocity of wave of-measuring point;
f
0---measuring point frequency domain main peak frequency;
f
mThe average main peak frequency of the complete basement rock in---this work area;
When λ=0.8～1.2, decidable is the karst agensis;
Decidable is that karst is grown when λ≤0.5 and λ＞1.5;
All the other decidables are the moderate growth of karst.
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102877490A (en) * | 2012-09-18 | 2013-01-16 | 河海大学 | Method for detecting quality of large-diameter tubular pile at low strain |
| CN105332395A (en) * | 2015-12-04 | 2016-02-17 | 山东正元工程检测有限公司 | Detecting method for pile-bottom supporting layer of mechanical pore-forming concrete filling pile |
| CN105735971A (en) * | 2014-12-11 | 2016-07-06 | 安徽惠洲地质安全研究院股份有限公司 | Drilling hole depth detection system based on elastic waves and detection method thereof |
| CN106759538A (en) * | 2016-12-21 | 2017-05-31 | 杨晓东 | A kind of low strain integrity testing method based on frequency-domain analysis |
| CN109577384A (en) * | 2018-11-30 | 2019-04-05 | 中铁第四勘察设计院集团有限公司 | A kind of long detection method of multiple tracks stake |
| US10451399B2 (en) | 2016-05-05 | 2019-10-22 | North Carolina State University | Methods and systems for non-destructive estimation of a length of a member |
| CN112630764A (en) * | 2020-11-30 | 2021-04-09 | 中铁第四勘察设计院集团有限公司 | Pile bottom karst detection method, device and system, electronic equipment and storage medium |
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Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102877490A (en) * | 2012-09-18 | 2013-01-16 | 河海大学 | Method for detecting quality of large-diameter tubular pile at low strain |
| CN102877490B (en) * | 2012-09-18 | 2014-06-11 | 河海大学 | Method for detecting quality of large-diameter tubular pile at low strain |
| CN105735971A (en) * | 2014-12-11 | 2016-07-06 | 安徽惠洲地质安全研究院股份有限公司 | Drilling hole depth detection system based on elastic waves and detection method thereof |
| CN105332395A (en) * | 2015-12-04 | 2016-02-17 | 山东正元工程检测有限公司 | Detecting method for pile-bottom supporting layer of mechanical pore-forming concrete filling pile |
| US10451399B2 (en) | 2016-05-05 | 2019-10-22 | North Carolina State University | Methods and systems for non-destructive estimation of a length of a member |
| CN106759538A (en) * | 2016-12-21 | 2017-05-31 | 杨晓东 | A kind of low strain integrity testing method based on frequency-domain analysis |
| CN109577384A (en) * | 2018-11-30 | 2019-04-05 | 中铁第四勘察设计院集团有限公司 | A kind of long detection method of multiple tracks stake |
| CN112630764A (en) * | 2020-11-30 | 2021-04-09 | 中铁第四勘察设计院集团有限公司 | Pile bottom karst detection method, device and system, electronic equipment and storage medium |
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|---|---|
| CN102071705B (en) | 2013-01-09 |
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