CN102070104B - Pulse width modulation (PWM) control circuit of elevator brake - Google Patents

Pulse width modulation (PWM) control circuit of elevator brake Download PDF

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Publication number
CN102070104B
CN102070104B CN2011100313322A CN201110031332A CN102070104B CN 102070104 B CN102070104 B CN 102070104B CN 2011100313322 A CN2011100313322 A CN 2011100313322A CN 201110031332 A CN201110031332 A CN 201110031332A CN 102070104 B CN102070104 B CN 102070104B
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circuit
control circuit
elevator brake
power switch
width modulation
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CN102070104A (en
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芮振璞
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Shijiazhuang Wulon Brake Co Ltd
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Shijiazhuang Wulon Brake Co Ltd
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Priority to PCT/CN2011/071094 priority patent/WO2012100443A1/en
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66BELEVATORS; ESCALATORS OR MOVING WALKWAYS
    • B66B1/00Control systems of elevators in general
    • B66B1/24Control systems with regulation, i.e. with retroactive action, for influencing travelling speed, acceleration, or deceleration
    • B66B1/28Control systems with regulation, i.e. with retroactive action, for influencing travelling speed, acceleration, or deceleration electrical
    • B66B1/32Control systems with regulation, i.e. with retroactive action, for influencing travelling speed, acceleration, or deceleration electrical effective on braking devices, e.g. acting on electrically controlled brakes

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Elevator Control (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a pulse width modulation (PWM) control circuit of an elevator brake. The PWM control circuit comprises an electro-magnetic interference (EMI) filter, an alternating current/direct current converter, a high-end power switching circuit, a low-end power switching circuit, a pulse width modulation circuit, an excitation voltage regulation feedback circuit, a sustaining voltage regulation feedback circuit, an excitation control circuit, a residual magnetism removal control circuit, a freewheeling circuit, a bleeder circuit, a direct current power supply and the like. The PWM control circuit adopts a pulse width modulation mode to control the direct current working voltage of the elevator brake, thereby eliminating electromagnetic noise of the elevator brake, and improving the working stability, reliability and interference resistance of the elevator brake. The PWM control circuit can be used in various elevator brakes with different structures and other electromagnetic brakes, and can be provided with various backup and online uninterrupted power supplies (UPS).

Description

The elevator brake pwm control circuit
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of control circuit of brake electromagnet, specifically a kind of elevator brake pwm control circuit.
Background technology
Elevator brake has critical role in elevator safety protection, the inefficacy of drg will directly cause elevator to slip car, so can cause very serious shearing, the generation of the end of squatting, pernicious safety misadventure such as rush to summit.The participation that elevator normal operation and start and stop each time all need drg, and the execution of most electric prospections of elevator (door lock, the limit, spacing, hypervelocity etc.) all depends on drg.So elevator brake is in case inefficacy can make all security appliance fender guards (such as hypervelocity safety tongs, wire holder, terminal buffer etc.) of elevator perform practically no function.Therefore, as the elevator of special equipment, with regard to the particularity of its use and the seriousness of the consequence of causing danger, it is particularly important that the reliability of drg seems.
At present, in the control circuit of elevator brake, be mostly to adopt the mode of silicon control phase-shift voltage regulating to substitute the excitatory/device contact of keeping in touch in traditional brake loop.This improved procedure can be contained the arcing phenomenon of brake loop effectively, and the functional reliability of elevator brake is increased.In addition, in control circuit, adopt the mode of frequency conversion voltage adjusting to substitute the excitatory/device contact of keeping in touch in traditional brake loop in addition.But also there is following problem in these improved procedures:
1, adopts silicon control phase-shift voltage regulating mode, in control circuit, can produce very strong high order harmonic composition, like this, both can pollute, can make elevator brake produce bigger electromagnetic noise at work again electrical network; And this electromagnetic noise can be through elevator rigidity structure and amplify through the resonance in elevator hoistways import among the sedan-chair case of elevator;
2, thyristor gating circuit is subject to the interference of the frequency converter in the outside electrical equipment; Particularly when control circuit uses near frequency converter; Or outside frequency converter is when bad earth, and the output voltage of control circuit will significantly rise, thus; Can make the temperature rise of elevator brake too high, can cause the damage of control circuit and brake electromagnet when serious;
3, mostly frequency conversion voltage adjusting is with the Rectified alternating current of power frequency 100 cycles as carrier wave, because carrier frequency is too low, makes the noise frequency after the frequency conversion directly fall into the responsive section of human auditory system, and therefore this voltage regulation mode can not be eliminated electromagnetic noise; And if the raising carrier frequency can make circuit structure too complicated, cost improves a lot.
Popularizing of the anodontia towing machine of installing along with no machine room, people have proposed the more requirement of Gao Gengyan to the work noise of elevator device.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention just provides a kind of elevator brake pwm control circuit; To solve the big problem of elevator brake work noise; Overcome and use the reliability adverse effect of silicon-controlled voltage regulation, and satisfy the normal operating needs of elevator elevator brake.
The present invention is achieved in that a kind of elevator brake pwm control circuit, includes:
The AC/DC changer, its cathode output end connects the high-side power switch circuit, and its cathode output end meets the low side output node B of above-mentioned control circuit, is used to provide direct current working volts;
The high-side power switch circuit, the high-end output node A with said AC/DC changer, pulse-width modulation circuit and above-mentioned control circuit joins respectively, is used for the magnet coil output direct current working volts to elevator brake;
Pulse-width modulation circuit joins with said high-side power switch circuit, driving voltage adjustment reactive circuit and sustaining voltage adjustment reactive circuit respectively, is used to adjust turning on and off the time of said high-side power switch circuit;
Driving voltage adjustment reactive circuit, the high-end output node A with said pulse-width modulation circuit, excitation control circuit and above-mentioned control circuit joins respectively, is used to detect and adjust the excitatory operating voltage to the magnet coil output of elevator brake;
Sustaining voltage adjustment reactive circuit, the high-end output node A with said pulse-width modulation circuit and above-mentioned elevator brake control circuit joins respectively, is used to detect and adjust the maintenance operating voltage to the magnet coil output of elevator brake;
Excitation control circuit joins with said driving voltage adjustment reactive circuit, is used to provide the control signal that produces driving voltage;
Freewheeling circuit is connected between the cathode output end of high-end output node and said AC/DC changer of above-mentioned control circuit, for the magnet coil of elevator brake provides the afterflow passage; And
Direct supply joins with each part mentioned above, for each part mentioned above provides working power.
In control circuit of the present invention, alternating current input power supplying after the AC/DC changer is transformed into direct current working volts, is loaded on the high-side power switch circuit earlier.The mouth of control circuit of the present invention comprises high-end output node A and low side output node B, and the mouth of high-side power switch circuit is high-end output node A; Elevator brake magnet coil L as load is connected between high-end output node A and the low side output node B.
Excitation control circuit and driving voltage adjustment reactive circuit join, and through this reactive circuit control pulse-width modulation circuit, accomplish the adjusting of pulse width.The output of pulse-width modulation circuit is connected to the high-side power switch circuit; The high-side power switch circuit is turned on and off according to adjusted pulse width and frequency; Realization is to being loaded into " copped wave " formula pressure regulation of the direct current working volts on the pull up circuit, moves desired driving voltage thereby satisfy in the elevator brake brake electromagnet.When elevator brake starts, the excitation control circuit action, through driving voltage adjustment reactive circuit and pulse-width modulation circuit, the higher driving voltage (being generally 100V ± 5%) of control high-side power switch circuit output volt value.About about 0.5 second of the continuous action time of driving voltage.After excitatory, the output of excitation control circuit is closed, and blocks driving voltage adjustment reactive circuit; At this moment, the effect of sustaining voltage adjustment reactive circuit begins to manifest, i.e. sustaining voltage adjustment reactive circuit passes through pulse-width modulation circuit; Control high-side power switch circuit operation; The lower sustaining voltage (being generally 30V ± 2%) of magnet coil L output volt value to as load is changeed brake electromagnet and is in the low pressure hold mode, to reach the purpose of saves energy.
When the elevator brake brake application, alternating current input power supplying turn-offs, and output loop cuts off the power supply immediately, magnet coil L dead electricity, and the brake electromagnet action makes the elevator brake brake application; And the remanent magnetism energy among the magnet coil L can discharge through freewheeling circuit.
Control circuit of the present invention also includes:
The low-side power switch circuit is serially connected between the low side output node B of cathode output end and above-mentioned control circuit of said AC/DC changer, is used to control the break-make of output loop;
Remove the remanent magnetism control circuit, join, be used for carrying out glancing impact and break off said low-side power switch circuit fast at elevator brake with said low-side power switch circuit; And
Leadage circuit is connected between the high-end output node A and low side output node B of above-mentioned control circuit, for the magnet coil of elevator brake provides the energy leakage path behind the open circuit.
The low-side power switch circuit is set and goes after the remanent magnetism control circuit; When the elevator brake brake application; Removing the remanent magnetism control circuit is the rapid disconnecting consumers of may command low-side power switch circuit loop, simultaneously, magnet coil L and freewheeling circuit is broken off; So just can contain freewheel current effectively, the remanent magnetism energy among the elevator brake magnet coil L is slowly released through bleed-off circuit.Thereby overcome the remanent magnetism of brake electromagnet itself effectively, made elevator brake accomplish quick brake application action smoothly.
Control circuit of the present invention also includes electromagnetic interface filter, joins with the input end of AC/DC changer, is used to suppress the common mode and the DM EMI of line voltage, prevents that the internal electromagnetic of above-mentioned control circuit from disturbing feedback grid.
The said driving voltage adjustment reactive circuit of control circuit of the present invention and said sustaining voltage adjustment reactive circuit can be voltage feedback circuit or current feedback circuit.
The present invention has following remarkable good effect:
1, thoroughly eliminated the electromagnetic noise of elevator brake.Common silicon-controlled voltage regulation circuit is the power frequency section that is operated in below 100 cycles, and the electromagnetic noise that is produced is an audible noise.And the present invention implements the adjustment of direct current working volts with the mode of pulse duration modulation; The impulse rate of direct current working volts can be brought up to more than the 15KHz; And this frequency head and shoulders above the scope of human audible frequency section, thoroughly eliminated the electromagnetic noise that the elevator brake control circuit is produced thus.Also just because of this, the brake controller that makes the present invention be suitable as the roomless traction machine uses.
2, working stability, reliability improves.Replace conventional silicon control phase-shift voltage regulating mode because the present invention is the voltage regulation mode with pulse duration modulation (PWM), thus, eliminated the various hidden danger of using the silicon-controlled voltage regulation circuit to exist; And the driving voltage that is provided with respectively adjustment reactive circuit and sustaining voltage adjustment reactive circuit; Make the excitatory operating voltage of control circuit of the present invention can both maintain under the stabilized conditions with the maintenance operating voltage; Widen with regard to the operating voltage range that makes elevator brake to adapt to like this; The more stable work of elevator brake, the performance of control circuit is more reliable.
3, be convenient to unified production, reduce the mechanical noise of elevator brake.The present invention is owing to adopted the mode of pulse duration modulation; Thereby for the elevator brake that uses 110V and two kinds of different source of ACs of 220V; Can adjust cooperating of reactive circuit and pulse-width modulation circuit through the adjustment of the driving voltage in control circuit reactive circuit and sustaining voltage; Driving voltage and sustaining voltage are adjusted to corresponding identical respectively volt value output; Like this, just can make the elevator brake of corresponding different source of ACs use the magnet coil of same model, make things convenient for the unified of manufacturer to produce and management thus; And it is stable also to make peace because of one of driving voltage, thereby can reduce driving voltage, the corresponding reduction when elevator brake declutches because the mechanical impact noise that brake electromagnet high pressure adhesive action is produced.
4, obstacle overcome ability obviously strengthens.Conventional silicon control phase-shift voltage regulating is that the vdc that line voltage carries out exporting after the rectification is controlled and adjusted, so the interference of line voltage will inevitably produce considerable influence to the phase place of silicon control phase shift; And the present invention adopts electromagnetic interface filter and AC/DC changer, efficiently solves the interference of line voltage.Equally, electromagnetic interface filter and AC-dc converter have also intercepted the pollution of control circuit self to electrical network, make the present invention compare with the frequency modulation and voltage modulation circuit with the silicon control phase-shift voltage regulating thus, and anti-interference resistance strengthens greatly.
5, can be equipped with the ups power of various backup types (square wave output) and online (sinewave output).Silicon control phase-shift voltage regulating and frequency modulation and voltage modulation circuit generally are not suitable for ups power; Because the one, that works realizes the continuity of pressure regulation unlike sinusoidal waveform for square wave; The 2nd, 90 ° of the phase angle less thaies of its semiperiod of ups power of square wave output cause output voltage that too big jumping characteristic is arranged.But, when elevator prominent grid power blackout or the failover of meeting that be in operation shut down and caused car to close the people, must be in the car during personnel rescue, the configuration of ups power is again necessary concerning elevator.The present invention has then solved the industry long-standing silicon control phase-shift voltage regulating controller well and ups power is difficult to adaptive technical matters, has satisfied the operating needs of elevator.
Control circuit of the present invention adopts the mode of pulse duration modulation to the direct current working volts of elevator brake; Eliminated the electromagnetic noise of elevator brake thus; Working stability, reliability and the anti-interference resistance of elevator brake have been improved; Can be used for elevator brake and other electromagnetic brakes of various different structures, and can be equipped with various backup types and online ups power.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a circuit block diagram of the present invention.
The specific embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, control circuit of the present invention comprises electromagnetic interface filter 1, AC/DC changer 2, high-side power switch circuit 3, low-side power switch circuit 4, pulse-width modulation circuit 5, driving voltage adjustment reactive circuit 6, sustaining voltage adjustment reactive circuit 7, excitation control circuit 8, goes parts such as remanent magnetism control circuit 9, freewheeling circuit 10, leadage circuit 11 and direct supply 12.
The output of electromagnetic interface filter 1 connects AC/DC changer 2, and the cathode output end of the direct current output of AC/DC changer 2 connects high-side power switch circuit 3, and cathode output end connects low-side power switch circuit 4.The mouth of high-side power switch circuit 3 is the high-end output node A of this control circuit; The mouth of low-side power switch circuit 4 is the low side output node B of this control circuit, and series connection is as the magnet coil L of the elevator brake of load between two output node A, B.Between two output node A, B, also be connected in parallel to bleed-off circuit 11, between the cathode output end of high-end output node A and AC/DC changer 2, be connected to freewheeling circuit 10.
On high-end output node A, be connected to the two-way reactive circuit respectively---driving voltage adjustment reactive circuit 6 and sustaining voltage adjustment reactive circuit 7, the output of two-way reactive circuit is connected respectively to the input end of pulse-width modulation circuit 5; The control end of the output termination high-side power switch circuit 3 of pulse-width modulation circuit 5.Pulse-width modulation circuit 5 is partly to be connected to form by oscillator, sawtooth oscillator, feedback amplifier, error amplifier and latch etc.Driving voltage adjustment reactive circuit 6 can be selected voltage feedback circuit or current feedback circuit according to the needs of particular circuit configurations with sustaining voltage adjustment reactive circuit 7.
On driving voltage adjustment reactive circuit 6, also be connected to excitation control circuit 8; Control end at low-side power switch circuit 4 is connected to remanent magnetism control circuit 9.The direct supply 12 of being drawn by the mouth of electromagnetic interface filter 1 provides+working power of 15V for the each several part circuit in this control circuit.
Among Fig. 1; AC-input voltage (or square wave direct current voltage of ups power) is added in the input end of electromagnetic interface filter 1; Filtering through electromagnetic interface filter 1; Can effectively suppress common mode and touch interfering signal with difference, the various harmonic componentss that simultaneously this control circuit internal circuit produced effectively intercept, and prevent feedback grid.Filtered alternating-current voltage/AC voltage is transformed into direct current working volts through AC/DC changer 2, is loaded into by high-side power switch circuit 3, low-side power switch circuit 4 and elevator brake magnet coil L to be in series on the power circuit of being formed.Under the regulation and control of pulse-width modulation circuit 5, making the operating voltage that is loaded on the magnet coil L is the pulsed dc voltage of constant amplitude.Pulse-width modulation circuit 5 is controlled by the two-way reactive circuit; Wherein sustaining voltage adjustment reactive circuit 7 is set at the sustaining voltage value (being generally 30V ± 2%) of elevator brake, and driving voltage adjustment reactive circuit 6 is set at the driving voltage value (being generally 100V ± 5%) of brake electromagnet.Like this, when 6 work of driving voltage adjustment reactive circuit, with the effect that masks sustaining voltage adjustment reactive circuit 7; Otherwise, when driving voltage adjustment reactive circuit 6 transfer to by work end after, the feedback adjustment effect of sustaining voltage adjustment reactive circuit 7 will be able to manifest.
The working process of control circuit of the present invention is following:
One, the operation of declutching: this control circuit is connected source of AC, and in-to-in+15V direct supply is set up simultaneously, and excitation control circuit 8 is started working, and seeing a duration off is the control signal about 0.5 second.Under this signal control, 6 work of driving voltage adjustment reactive circuit, the bigger pulsed dc voltage of control pulse-width modulation circuit 5 output duty cycles.Pulse-width modulation circuit 5 is according to the voltage of high-end output node A height, regulate through the pulse width of 6 pairs of pulse-width modulation circuits 5 of driving voltage adjustment reactive circuit.The output of pulse-width modulation circuit 5 drives 3 actions of high-side power switch circuit, and output volt value is the driving voltage of 100V.At this moment; Go remanent magnetism control circuit 9 to be failure to actuate; Low-side power switch circuit 4 is in conducting state, and the DC pulse driving voltage that dutycycle is bigger can pass through high-side power switch circuit 3 and be added on the magnet coil L of elevator brake with low-side power switch circuit 4, and magnet coil L is got; The action of declutching of elevator brake is accomplished in the brake electromagnet adhesive.After treating that excitatory process finishes, excitation control circuit 8 promptly stops output, and driving voltage adjustment reactive circuit 6 is hung up, 7 work of sustaining voltage adjustment reactive circuit, the less pulsed dc voltage of control pulse-width modulation circuit 5 output duty cycles.Pulse-width modulation circuit 5 is according to the height of high-end output node A voltage, regulate through sustaining voltage adjustment reactive circuit 7 pulse-width.The output of pulse-width modulation circuit 5 drives 3 actions of high-side power switch circuit, and output volt value is the sustaining voltage of 30V.At this moment; Go remanent magnetism control circuit 9 still to be failure to actuate; Low-side power switch circuit 4 still is in conducting state; The less dc pulse voltage of dutycycle is loaded on the magnet coil L of elevator brake through high-side power switch circuit 3 and low-side power switch circuit 4, accomplishes brake electromagnet by the voltage transitions process of excitatory state to hold mode.
Two, brake application operation: this control circuit cuts off source of AC; The remanent magnetism energy that stores in the magnet coil L can discharge through freewheeling circuit 10; But can make the brake application time expand of elevator brake like this, and go the setting of remanent magnetism control circuit 9 and low-side power switch circuit 4, be exactly after the outage of this control circuit; Make remanent magnetism control circuit 9 see a cut-off signals off to low-side power switch circuit 4 rapidly; Make the low-side power switch circuit force to break off power circuit rapidly, thereby contain freewheel current effectively, the energy in the magnet coil L is slowly released through leadage circuit 11.So when this control circuit cut off the power supply, pulse-width modulation circuit 5 quit work; High-side power switch circuit 3 breaks off, and simultaneously, goes remanent magnetism control circuit 9 to turn-off low-side power switch circuit 4 rapidly; The freewheeling circuit of magnet coil L is cut off, and accomplishes the brake application process of elevator brake.The speed of brake application time can be regulated by the internal latency parameter of removing remanent magnetism control circuit 9.
The parameters of control circuit of the present invention is following:
One, for the control circuit that uses the 110V AC-input voltage,
(input voltage is 90-150V) to recommend excitatory output voltage values: 100V (adjustable) ± 5%;
(input voltage is 50-150V) to recommend to keep output voltage values: 30V (adjustable) ± 2%;
Pulse-width modulation circuit frequency of operation: >=15KHz.
Two, for the control circuit that uses the 220V AC-input voltage,
(input voltage is 160-260V) to recommend excitatory output voltage values: 100V (adjustable) ± 5%;
(input voltage is 110-260V) to recommend to keep output voltage values: 30V (adjustable) ± 2%;
Pulse-width modulation circuit frequency of operation: >=15KHz.

Claims (4)

1. an elevator brake pwm control circuit is characterized in that, includes:
AC/DC changer (2), its cathode output end connect high-side power switch circuit (3), and its cathode output end connects the low side output node (B) of above-mentioned control circuit, is used to provide direct current working volts;
High-side power switch circuit (3), the high-end output node (A) with said AC/DC changer (2), pulse-width modulation circuit (5) and above-mentioned control circuit joins respectively, is used for the magnet coil output direct current working volts to elevator brake;
Pulse-width modulation circuit (5) joins with said high-side power switch circuit (3), driving voltage adjustment reactive circuit (6) and sustaining voltage adjustment reactive circuit (7) respectively, is used to adjust turning on and off the time of said high-side power switch circuit;
Driving voltage adjustment reactive circuit (6); High-end output node (A) with said pulse-width modulation circuit (5), excitation control circuit (8) and above-mentioned control circuit joins respectively, is used to detect and adjust the excitatory operating voltage to the magnet coil output of elevator brake;
Sustaining voltage adjustment reactive circuit (7), the high-end output node (A) with said pulse-width modulation circuit (5) and above-mentioned elevator brake control circuit joins respectively, is used to detect and adjust the maintenance operating voltage to the magnet coil output of elevator brake;
Excitation control circuit (8) joins with said driving voltage adjustment reactive circuit (6), is used to provide the control signal that produces driving voltage;
Freewheeling circuit (10) is connected between the cathode output end of high-end output node (A) and said AC/DC changer (2) of above-mentioned control circuit, for the magnet coil of elevator brake provides the afterflow passage; And
Direct supply (12) joins with each part mentioned above, for each part mentioned above provides working power.
2. elevator brake pwm control circuit according to claim 1 is characterized in that, also includes:
Low-side power switch circuit (4) is serially connected between the low side output node (B) of cathode output end and above-mentioned control circuit of said AC/DC changer (2), is used to control the break-make of output loop;
Remove remanent magnetism control circuit (9), join, be used for carrying out glancing impact and break off said low-side power switch circuit fast at elevator brake with said low-side power switch circuit (4); And
Leadage circuit (11) is connected between the high-end output node (A) and low side output node (B) of above-mentioned control circuit, for the magnet coil of elevator brake provides the energy leakage path behind the open circuit.
3. elevator brake pwm control circuit according to claim 1 and 2; It is characterized in that; Also include electromagnetic interface filter (1); Join with the input end of AC/DC changer (2), be used to suppress the common mode and the DM EMI of line voltage, prevent that the internal electromagnetic of above-mentioned control circuit from disturbing feedback grid.
4. elevator brake pwm control circuit according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that, said driving voltage adjustment reactive circuit (6) and said sustaining voltage adjustment reactive circuit (7) are voltage feedback circuit or current feedback circuit.
CN2011100313322A 2011-01-28 2011-01-28 Pulse width modulation (PWM) control circuit of elevator brake Active CN102070104B (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN2011100313322A CN102070104B (en) 2011-01-28 2011-01-28 Pulse width modulation (PWM) control circuit of elevator brake
PCT/CN2011/071094 WO2012100443A1 (en) 2011-01-28 2011-02-18 Pwm control circuit for elevator brakes

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN2011100313322A CN102070104B (en) 2011-01-28 2011-01-28 Pulse width modulation (PWM) control circuit of elevator brake

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CN102070104B true CN102070104B (en) 2012-11-28

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CN102627242A (en) * 2012-04-10 2012-08-08 安徽广德昌立制动器有限公司 PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) chopped mode brake control device
CN102627243A (en) * 2012-04-10 2012-08-08 安徽广德昌立制动器有限公司 PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) chopped mode brake fully automatic control device
CN102659053A (en) * 2012-05-28 2012-09-12 安徽广德昌立制动器有限公司 Transformer-free alternating-current and direct-current universal PWM (pulse width modulation) chopping brake control device
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CN111573463A (en) * 2020-05-29 2020-08-25 广东省特种设备检测研究院 Portable elevator brake action reliability testing device and testing method
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