CN102067367B - 用于机动车蓄电池散热的装置 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种用于机动车蓄电池散热的装置,包括多个储电元件(6)以及由散热流体流经的散热元件(1),其中,至少一个储电元件(6)以热接触的形式固定在至少一块散热板(3)上,而且其中,用于将储电元件(6)的热量传递流体上的散热板(3)与所述散热元件(1)连接,其中,散热板(3)具有与散热元件(1)全面连接的机械连接构造。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种如权利要求1的前序部分所述的用于机动车蓄电池散热的装置。
背景技术
现汽车中,有时由于高功率密度,对于电能存储装置的散热有着特殊要求。这样的能量存储装置通常用作电动或混合动力汽车的推动电池。这些推动电池可以为锂原子蓄电池、超级电容器、燃料电池、传统充电电池或这些元件的组合。公知的有一系列方案用于使这些组件进行有效散热,但是这些方案通常在制造上耗费工本或消耗成本,或者在散热效率上受到限制。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种用于机动车蓄电池散热的装置,该装置能够简单和成本低廉地制成,并且该装置还提供了有效和工作可靠的散热。
上述目的通过具有本发明权利要求1的技术特征的前述的装置而实现。通过全面机械连接构造提供良好的热接触,然而当将散热板与散热元件仅进行粘接的加工中,难以实现良好的热接触散热元件。在本发明的一个优选的实施例中,散热元件可以理解是指一个有流体流经的、大体上呈平板结构的本体,其中,流体可以是散热循环的液体散热剂,也可以是散热元件例如机动车空调系统中的制冷剂,该制冷剂在所述散热元件中蒸发。还可以考虑采用具有散热剂流道和制冷剂流道的多流道的散热元件,以能够在所有工作条件下提供充分的散热效率。
在优选的扩展方案中,机械连接构造这样形成,即,使散热板在与储电元件连接之后固定在散热元件上。由此能够使加工步骤合理地分离并实现更好的自动化。储电元件与散热板的连接在此例如可以通过粘接、夹持固定或其它方式来实现。特别地,对于储电元件可以认为是具有平面式结构、而且自身不具有刚性外壳的锂原子蓄电池(“咖啡袋(Coffee-Bags)”)。
为了确保具有充分的机械刚性和导热性,优选散热板的厚度在大约0.2mm和大约2mm之间的范围。根据实际需要,散热板还可以包括多层板,由此一方面实现良好的弯曲性能,同时还实现充分的总横截面。通常优选散热板由具有良好导热性能、并同时具有变形性能的材料构成,例如铝、铜或镀铜的铝。
在本发明的一个优选实施方案中,散热元件具有通孔,其中,散热板至少局部贯穿通孔。在此特别优选地,散热板的从散热元件的与储电元件相对的一侧突伸出的部分产生变形,以与散热元件形成机械的、特别是力配合和/或摩擦配合和/或形状配合的连接。通过借助于散热板变形的固定方式,在散热元件上既实现了具有良好的热接触还同时实现了持续可靠的固定。
在实施例的优选变化方案中,机械配合连接通过设置在散热元件上的金属板件来实现,特别通过共同成型散热板和金属板件件来实现。因此,可以使板件件(或多块板件件)特别在加工散热元件的过程中例如通过平面焊接的方式进行处理,由此使板件件和散热元件可靠并且以特别良好的热接触形式而连接在一起。
优选,有利于良好的热传递的技术方案还在于,使散热板的突出部分直接形成在散热元件上。
在特别优选的具体结构方案中,散热元件的通孔具有狭缝结构,该狭缝结构具有扩宽的中央区段。该中央区段可以具有圆形横截面,该圆形横截面具有特别的锥形边缘,从而通过散热板在通孔的该区段上的成型而形成半片空心铆钉,该半片空心铆钉的机械强度和热接合性能特别强。
在另一个具有优势的实施方案中,散热板在其朝向散热元件的一端具有平面角度逐渐变窄的结构,其中,该结构咬合在散热元件的相对应的凹槽中,特别是摩擦配合。在优选的具体结构方案中,散热板的该结构的张开角度在大约3°和大约9°之间,特别是在大约5°和大约7°之间。在这样的固定设置中,主要由摩擦配合来实现固定,其中,所选择的张开角度在材料对形成自锁的摩擦角度范围内。除了较大的接触面之外,还具有了这样的优点,即,使该凹槽不必完全贯穿散热元件,或者不必须使凹槽形成为通孔。
在本发明的另一个实施例中,散热板通过至少一个铆钉与散热元件连接。一个铆接构造同样可以作为特殊装置适用于实现散热板和散热元件的全面、由于受到力冲击而形成的接触。在第一具体结构方案中为了实现价格低廉和易操作性,铆钉由塑料制成。特别地在此可以使多个铆钉在塑料轨道上一体成型,由此使装配过程能够进一步简化和自动化。塑料铆钉头的成形可以通过热冲压、超声焊接或其它热机械成形加工来实现。在一个补充或替换的变换方案中,铆钉由金属制成,并且特别形成为埋头铆钉。通过金属铆钉可以实现散热板和散热元件之间的特别大的压力,并因此实现特别良好的热接触。
在本发明的又一个实施方案中,在散热元件上设有成型槽,在散热板上设有与该成型槽相对应的结构,其中,散热板通过该结构形状配合地插置在成型槽中。由此在至少两个空间方向上实现形状配合,其中,在成型槽内由此实现较大的接触面。根据实际需要还可以特别为了防止在成型槽方向上移动,通过粘合剂或通过弹性夹持来实现附加的固定。
在本发明的又一个实施例中,散热板通过夹持构件施加的压力下被固定于散热元件上,由此以简单的方式实现良好的热接触。由此在优选的扩展方案中,夹持构件支撑在与散热元件相连的护栏上,其中,特别在护栏中设有多块散热板。由此实现装配的进一步简单化和自动化。
本发明的其它优点和特征在以下所述的实施例以及从属权利要求中给出。
附图说明
接下来,结合附图对本发明的多个实施例进行详细说明。图中示出了:
图1示出了本发明的贯穿散热元件的散热板的第一实施例的具体结构示意图;
图2示出了本发明的散热板局部变形前和变形后第二实施例的仰视图;
图3示出了沿图2的装置的A-A线和B-B线的两部分截面图;
图4示出了图2的装置在散热板完全变形后的又一俯视图;
图5示出了本发明的散热板和散热元件铆接构造的又一实施例的示意图;
图6示出了图5的实施例的一个变换方案的示意图;
图7示出了图5的实施例的又一个变换方案的示意图;
图8示出了本发明采用形状配合的成型槽时的又一个实施例的示意图;
图9示出了散热板具有锥形结构的又一个实施例的示意图;
图10示出了图9的固定在散热元件上的散热板的截面示意图;
图11示出了本发明的又一个实施例中散热板的截面图;
图12示出了图11的实施例经由夹持构件固定到散热元件上的散热板的示意图;
图13示出了图12的实施例在部分装配状态下没有夹持构件的立体图。
具体实施方式
在图1中所示的第一实施例中,由流体流经的散热元件1具有多个狭缝式通孔2,这些通孔分别各插置有一个散热板3。在散热板3上通过粘接方式分别固定一个或多个呈咖啡袋结构(Coffee-Bag-Bauweise)的锂原子蓄电池(未示出)。贯穿通孔2的部分在散热元件的另一侧(在图中的上方)上突伸出来,并且在此该贯穿部分通过卷边或折叠部5而与板件4连接。金属板件件4具有呈平面式的、弯曲的附加部4a,通过该附加部使板件件与散热元件全面(full area)焊接在一起。
通过散热板3和板件4的共同变形实现了力配合、摩擦配合以及互锁配合连接,这样的连接具有良好的导热性能。还可以附加地使散热板3的区段以脚的形状进行弯曲,并且全面(full area)地贴靠在图1所示的散热元件的底侧上。
图2示出另一个实施方案,使插入到散热元件1的通孔2中的散热板通过变形处理而固定。
对此,通孔从侧面看具有狭缝式区段2a以及位于中央的、宽度较大的、大体呈圆形的区段2b。散热板在其穿过散热元件的端部区域上分成三个截段3a、3b、3c,其中,侧面截段3a、3c以大约90度地弯成压板,并且没有穿过通孔2的狭缝式部分2a,而是使散热板全面地支撑在散热元件上。穿过通孔2的中间的截段3b以半片空心铆钉的形式成型在通孔的中央区段2b上。贯穿狭缝式区段2a的截段的突出部弯成压板。
在图3的截面图中,为了清楚表示而示出了左侧和右侧的不同截面图。其中能够看到粘接在散热板3上的锂原子蓄电池6的端侧区域。
图4的仰视图,为了清楚表示还示出了支撑在板式散热元件的相对侧面上的截段3a、3c,这部分截段实际上是不可见的。在此,截段3a、3c设有用于起加强作用的卷边3d。在该实施例中,在同一个通孔2上分别插置两块散热板,其中,根据实际需要还可以使相同的散热板由两层板构成。在具有一层或多层的散热板上,可以使这些层板在另一端上类似图1中的连接区域5那样彼此相互连接在一起。
在图5的实施例中,在散热板上(未示出)例如通过固定夹持、粘接或挤压注塑而设有塑料轨道7。该塑料轨道7具有多个突出的销或铆钉8,这些销或铆钉穿过散热元件1的通孔9然后变形成铆钉头。这种变形能够通过热压或其它适宜的方式而实现。
散热元件1具有扁管1a,在扁管中流有制冷剂或散热剂。为了进一步加强,使铆钉插入到加强部件9中。
图6示出了图5的实施例的变换方案,其中没有设置加强部件。
图7示出了散热板3和散热元件1铆接在一起的又一个变化方案,其中,一个金属埋头铆钉从远离储电元件的一侧穿过散热元件1中的通孔,并穿过散热板3的贴靠在散热元件1上的压板,然后再成型。这种固定方式特别对于狭窄的结构而具有优势,例如所示的与铆钉10搭接的储电元件6的情况。
图8示意性示出了一个实施例,其中,散热板3的变形端11形状配合地推进到散热元件1的相对应的型槽12中。如果摩擦或由于变形产生的弹性应力没有能充分实现在推进方向上的固定,那么可以额外地采用粘接处理,或还可以将在端侧突出的板件弯成压板。
图9和图10示出了一个实施例,其中,散热板3的端侧具有以大约6°的平面角度逐渐变窄的、形成为压片13的结构,这些压片插入到散热元件1的相对应的、锥形的凹槽14中。凹槽14可以是囊形,或者也可以形成为通孔(参见图10)。通过适宜地选择圆锥角度,能够在良好的平面接触的条件下实现持续的摩擦配合的固定设置。附加的安全性能可以通过随后采用的粘合剂来实现,或者还可以在适宜的压片13的结构上通过额外的卡掣处理来实现。
图11至图13示出了本发明的另一个实施例,其中,散热板3在端侧通过弯曲变形为扁平支脚15,扁平支脚平置于散热元件1的表面上。在相对的一端上,散热板3通过夹持构件16,以连续的覆盖于散热板的直压片或压板16a的形式,以及弹性的侧面形成挂钩的连接构件16b将散热板压向散热元件1。
连接构件16b一方面与压片16a连接,另一方面预紧地挂在护栏17的凹槽17a中。护栏17包围住多块散热板3并且与散热元件1固定连接,这样的构造例如在制造散热元件1的过程中可以通过焊接来实现。
可以理解为,不同的实施例的各自特征可以根据实际需要有意义地相互结合。
Claims (15)
1.一种用于机动车蓄电池散热的装置,包括多个储电元件(6)以及由散热流体流经的散热元件(1),其中,至少一个储电元件(6)以热接触的形式固定在至少一块散热板(3)上,而且
其中,用于将储电元件(6)的热量传递到流体上的散热板(3)与所述散热元件(1)连接,
其特征在于,所述散热板(3)具有与所述散热元件(1)全面连接的机械连接构造;
所述散热元件(1)具有通孔(2),其中,所述散热板(3)至少局部贯穿所述通孔(2);
所述散热板(3)的从所述散热元件(1)的与储电元件(6)相对的一侧突伸出的部分产生变形,以与所述散热元件形成机械的连接;
所述机械的连接通过设置在所述散热元件(1)上的板件(4)和所述散热板(3)的共同变形来实现。
2.根据权利要求1所述的装置,其特征在于,所述散热板(3)在与储电元件(6)连接之后固定在所述散热元件(1)上。
3.根据权利要求1所述的装置,其特征在于,所述散热板(3)的厚度在0.2mm和2mm之间的范围。
4.根据权利要求1所述的装置,其特征在于,所述散热板(3)包括多层金属板。
5.根据权利要求1所述的装置,其特征在于,所述散热板(3)的从所述散热元件(1)的与储电元件(6)相对的一侧突伸出的部分产生变形,以与所述散热元件形成力配合和/或摩擦配合和/或形状配合的连接。
6.根据权利要求1所述的装置,其特征在于,所述散热板(3)的突出部分直接成型在所述散热元件(1)上。
7.根据权利要求6所述的装置,其特征在于,所述散热元件(1)的通孔具有狭缝结构(2a),该狭缝结构具有扩宽的中央区段(2b)。
8.根据权利要求1所述的装置,其特征在于,所述散热板(3)通过至少一个铆钉(8、10)与所述散热元件(1)连接。
9.根据权利要求8所述的装置,其特征在于,所述铆钉(8)由塑料制成。
10.根据权利要求9所述的装置,其特征在于,多个铆钉在塑料轨道(7)上一体成型。
11.根据权利要求8所述的装置,其特征在于,所述铆钉(10)由金属制成。
12.根据权利要求11所述的装置,其特征在于,所述铆钉(10)形成为埋头铆钉。
13.根据权利要求1所述的装置,其特征在于,所述散热板在夹持构件(16)的压力下被固定于所述散热元件上。
14.根据权利要求13所述的装置,其特征在于,所述夹持构件(16)支撑在与所述散热元件相连的护栏(17)上。
15.根据权利要求14所述的装置,其特征在于,在所述护栏(17)中设有多块散热板(3)。
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DE200810028400 DE102008028400A1 (de) | 2008-06-17 | 2008-06-17 | Vorrichtung zur Kühlung einer Fahrzeugbatterie |
PCT/EP2009/004292 WO2009153012A1 (de) | 2008-06-17 | 2009-06-15 | Vorrichtung zur kühlung einer fahrzeugbatterie |
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DE102008034841A1 (de) | 2008-07-24 | 2010-01-28 | Behr Gmbh & Co. Kg | Elektrische Energiespeichereinheit |
KR101205180B1 (ko) * | 2010-05-18 | 2012-11-27 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 콤팩트하고 안정성이 우수한 냉각부재와 이를 포함하는 전지모듈 |
DE102010039149A1 (de) * | 2010-08-10 | 2012-02-16 | Behr Gmbh & Co. Kg | Wärmeleitmodul und Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Wärmeübertragers |
DE102011004033A1 (de) * | 2011-02-14 | 2012-08-16 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Batteriezelle |
AT511117B1 (de) * | 2011-03-09 | 2014-11-15 | Avl List Gmbh | Elektrischer energiespeicher |
CN103718374B (zh) * | 2011-04-15 | 2017-11-03 | 约翰逊控制技术有限责任公司 | 具有外部热管理系统的电池系统 |
AT511541A1 (de) * | 2011-05-16 | 2012-12-15 | Avl List Gmbh | Wiederaufladbare batterie |
IN2014KN01407A (zh) | 2012-01-05 | 2015-10-23 | Electrovaya Inc | |
DE102014201220A1 (de) | 2014-01-23 | 2015-07-23 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Batteriemodul |
DE102014203943A1 (de) * | 2014-03-05 | 2015-09-10 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Anschlussvorrichtung und Verfahren zur Temperierung von Batteriezellen sowie Temperiervorrichtung, Batteriemodul, Batteriepack, Batterie und Batteriesystem |
KR101736378B1 (ko) | 2014-06-05 | 2017-05-16 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 이차 전지용 프레임 및 이를 포함하는 배터리 모듈 |
DE102014016623B4 (de) * | 2014-10-24 | 2023-10-05 | Audi Ag | Energiespeicher, Kraftfahrzeug und Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Energiespeichers |
CN106531917B (zh) * | 2016-11-29 | 2019-07-30 | 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 | 电池模组 |
DE102017208617A1 (de) * | 2017-05-22 | 2018-11-22 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Energiespeichergehäuse mit einem Kühlungsanschluss, Energiespeicher und Kraftfahrzeug mit einem solchen |
KR102075136B1 (ko) * | 2017-11-06 | 2020-02-10 | 현대자동차(주) | 차량용 배터리 냉각장치 |
US20220255160A1 (en) * | 2021-02-10 | 2022-08-11 | Bell Textron Inc. | Battery Cold Plate and Chassis with Interlocking Joints |
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